CN113748783B - Method for promoting rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting the rapid germination and seedling formation of Artocarpus bicolor seeds, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing seeds; s2: preparing a culture medium; s3: sowing in a container; s4: arranging an incubator; s5: transplanting seedlings for the first time; s6: and (5) transplanting seedlings for the second time. The invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages that conditions most suitable for germination are found by adopting a single-factor method, the conditions are fused, the effects of temperature, illumination, culture medium, medium water content and sowing depth on the germination of the purrocarpus bicolor seeds are comprehensively discussed, and an optimal factor combination step for the germination of the purrocarpus bicolor seeds is found.

Description

A kind of method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds into seedlings

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological breeding, in particular to a method for promoting rapid germination and seedling formation of two-color jackfruit seeds.

Background technique

Two-color jackfruit Artocarpus styracifolius Pierre is a tall tree of the genus Artocarpus of the Moraceae Moraceae, common names: wood bark, milk berry, small-leaf annatto, small-leaf nopal, two-color jackfruit. Up to about 20 meters, bark dark gray and rough; leaves alternate rows in 2 rows, parchment, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, sometimes elliptic; flowers monoecious, inflorescences solitary in leaf axils, male flowers Sequence oval; drupe spherical; flowering in early autumn, fruiting in late autumn and early winter. Often born in valleys and hillside sparse forests at an altitude of 200-1180 (-1500) meters. Produced in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places in my country. The wood is soft and can be used for furniture. Two-color jackfruit is a wild fruit. The fruit is edible, with the characteristics of natural purity and no pollution. It has the development and edible value. The fruit tastes sour and sweet, and can be used as jam. Folk use its root as medicine, which has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, relaxing tendons and activating blood, and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, hemiplegia, bruises, sprains and other diseases. Likewise, this species can be used as an excellent ornamental fruit plant with high ornamental value.

The restoration of vegetation in karst areas requires a large number of seedling reserves. Two-color jackfruit is a native tree species in tropical and south subtropical Shishan areas. It adapts to the local ecological environment. This tree species can be used for vegetation restoration and urban greening landscape construction in this area. However, the biggest problem faced is the slow regeneration of resources, wild The resources cannot be excavated. As an excellent regional and wild fruit tree and an excellent evergreen ornamental large tree, the resources and seedlings are far from enough.

It is extremely difficult to propagate by cuttings, and it takes a long time from flower to fruit maturity. Generally, there are few fruits and mature one after another. The amount of seeds is small, there is dormancy, and the germination is relatively slow. Conventional sowing methods cannot change the germination process of the seeds For a long time, this has become a bottleneck restricting the artificial cultivation of two-color jackfruit. The field investigation found that the pulp of two-color jackfruit will fall off naturally when it matures in late autumn and early winter from October to November. years to ensure its successful germination into seedlings, and it is difficult to find seedlings in the wild. Therefore, the use of limited seeds to raise seedlings is the key to the introduction and promotion of two-color jackfruit. At present, most of the researches on the two-color jackfruit focus on the chemical components of its root bark, such as phenols and flavonoids, and the research on its reproductive characteristics is extremely limited, and there is no report on the two-color jackfruit reproduction. Therefore, make full use of the limited seeds of two-color jackfruit to study the characteristics of seed germination, and use environmental temperature, light, culture medium, water and other germination and growth conditions as single factors to seek a solution that can break seed dormancy and make seed germination reach the best state. Combining conditions, and trying to find out the method steps suitable for the recovery of jackfruit bicolor seeds from the field to germination and seedlings. The optimal technology for seed propagation of this seed was explored in order to improve the germination rate of the seeds and to produce seedlings quickly, providing a certain scientific basis for the seedling propagation and large-scale cultivation of two-color jackfruit.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the above-mentioned technical problem, and provides a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds that can improve the germination rate.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is: a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds into seedlings, and the method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds into seedlings comprises the following steps:

S1: Seed preparation, select a strong and tall mother tree for fruit collection in the seed maturity season, and pre-treat the fruit for later use after collection;

S2: Preparation of culture medium, using humus as the culture medium, sterilized before use, and then dried under natural conditions for use;

S3: Container sowing, use a plastic box with a size of 17.2x11.7x7cm and a capacity of 1000mL, spread the sterilized culture medium with a thickness of 5cm, sow the seeds, and then cover the culture medium with a thickness of 1cm, and maintain a uniform depth of about 0.7 ~ 1.3cm. Cover the container with 3 to 5 ventilation holes with a diameter of 5mm;

S4: The incubator is set up, and the container is placed in an artificial climate incubator for cultivation. The cultivation conditions of the incubator are: constant temperature of 35°C, and constant periodic illumination (3000lx, 12h·d ^-1 ) LRH-250-G illumination In the incubator, after the seeds are implanted for germination and culture, observe and count the number of germinated seeds every 4 days, and judge whether the seeds germinate by seeing the yellow-green buds unearthed with the naked eye. If no seeds germinate for 30 consecutive days, the germination of the batch of seeds is deemed to have ended. Calculated as follows:

Germination rate (%) = the number of normal germinated seeds / the total number of seeds in the test × 100%;

Average germination time (days)=∑(t×n)/∑n, where t is the number of days since the beginning of the germination test, and n is the number of seeds germinated within t days;

S5: The first seedling transplanting, the first transplanting is performed on the seedlings that grow to a height of 80-90 mm, develop 3-4 young leaves, and the tender stems of the seedlings are turned from light green to emerald green. The transplanting method is: Gently scoop it out with a fine spoon, transfer it to a constant temperature of 25°C, and keep the same periodic illumination (3000lx, 12h·d ^-1 ) in an LRH-250-G light incubator, also using 1000mL of sterilized humus. Continue to cultivate in the plastic box container, and under the constant temperature environment of 25 °C, the water replenishment work can be appropriately extended to once every 3 to 4 days;

S6: The second seedling transplanting. After culturing in a 25°C constant temperature incubator for about 2-3 months, the second transplanting of the outdoor greenhouse environment is carried out.

As an improvement, the pretreatment method in the described S1 is to pile the harvested fruits for 1 to 2 days, rub and wipe off the peel and pulp in water or in a bag, rinse with clean water, wash and dry the seeds, and remove the seeds. After the seeds were obviously damaged by diseases and insect pests, they were soaked in 0.1% K ₂ MnO ₄ for 30 minutes, and then rinsed with clean water.

As an improvement, the water content of the culture substrate is always maintained at 14% to 16%.

As an improvement, the method of burying seeds is not used in the sowing in S3, and the depth is not more than 2 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that the single-factor method is used to find out the most suitable conditions for germination, and then these conditions are combined to comprehensively discuss the effects of temperature, illumination, culture medium, substrate moisture content, and sowing depth on the two-color jackfruit seeds. The role of germination, and found an optimal combination of factors for the germination of two-color jackfruit seeds. This method can greatly improve the germination rate of two-color jackfruit seeds and quickly raise seedlings. At the same time, this method can significantly reduce the workload of cultivation and supervision during the process of rapid seedling raising. , reduce the cost of raising seedlings, and has the advantages of convenience, less pollution and low cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of seed germination according to an embodiment of the present invention for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds.

2 is a schematic diagram of the growth of the first transplanting seedlings according to Embodiment 1 of a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds according to the present invention.

3 is a schematic diagram of the growth of a second transplanting seedling in Embodiment 1 of a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a kind of method of promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds according to the present invention, a schematic diagram of the growth two months after the second transplanting.

5 is a schematic diagram of the growth of seedlings grown at 25° C. in Example 2 S5 of a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the growth of transplanted seedlings cultivated in a 25°C incubator environment in Example 3 S5 of a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds according to the present invention.

7 is a schematic diagram of the growth of the seedlings in a 25° C. incubator environment after two months of growth in Example 3 S5 of a method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds according to the present invention.

8 is a schematic diagram of the growth of seedlings moved to potted plants after perlite culture in a greenhouse environment in Example 4 S5 of a method of the present invention for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds.

Fig. 9 is a kind of method embodiment of the present invention that promotes the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds into seedlings. After the perlite culture germination in greenhouse environment, S5, the seedlings moved to potted plants continue to be cultivated in the greenhouse for two months.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

A method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds into seedlings, the method for promoting the rapid germination of two-color jackfruit seeds into seedlings comprises the following steps:

S1: Seed preparation. During the seed maturity season (the end of October to November), select strong and tall mother trees with a large number of fruits in the wild for fruit collection. After harvesting, bring the fruits back to the laboratory for composting for 1-2 days, and store them in water or in Rub the peel and pulp in the bag, rinse the seeds with clean water, wash and dry the seeds, remove the seeds with obvious diseases and insect pests, soak them in 0.1% K ₂ MnO ₄ for 30 minutes, rinse with clean water and use them for later use;

S2: Preparation of the culture medium, using humus as the culture medium, spraying and soaking the culture medium with 0.5% carbendazim solution for disinfection before use, and then drying it under natural conditions for use;

S3: Container sowing, sowing as soon as possible after the seeds are harvested and ready (end of November) Use a plastic box with a size of 17.2x11.7x7cm and a capacity of 1000mL, spread the sterilized culture medium with a thickness of 5cm, sow the seeds, and cover with a thickness of 1cm Cultivate the substrate, keep a uniform depth of 1cm, and cover with a container cover with 3 to 5 ventilation holes with a diameter of 5mm;

S4: The incubator is set up, and the container is placed in an artificial climate incubator for cultivation. The cultivation conditions of the incubator are: constant temperature of 35°C, and constant periodic illumination (3000lx, 12h·d ^-1 ) LRH-250-G illumination In the incubator, the water content of the humus medium is kept at 15% and the water content of the substrate is checked at least once every 2 days;

S5: The first seedling transplanting, 1 month after sowing, germination began to appear as shown in Figure 1. When about 3 months (more than 90 days), the basic germination of the seeds reached the peak germination rate of about 86.7%, and the growth rate reached 75%. Seedlings with height of ~95mm, developed 3 to 4 young leaves, and the tender stems of the seedlings turned from light green to emerald green were transplanted for the first time as shown in Figure 2. The transplanting method was: gently dig out with a fine spoon, transfer The LRH-250-G light incubator with a constant temperature of 25°C and consistent periodic light (3000lx, 12h·d ^-1 ) was also used to continue the cultivation in a plastic box container containing 1000mL of sterilized humus. Under the constant temperature environment of 25°C, the water replenishment work can be appropriately extended to once every 3 to 4 days;

S6: The second seedling transplanting, after cultivating for about 2 to 3 months in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C, the height of a single seedling can reach about 122.71mm, the root length is about 42.48mm, and the fresh weight is about 1.19g, as shown in Figure 3. At this time, it is in the late spring and early summer (May-June), the outdoor temperature rises, and the second transplanting work for outdoor greenhouse environment cultivation is carried out, and the survival rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%. For these seedlings, the average seedling height is about 300.79 mm, the root length is about 86.41 mm, and the fresh weight is about 3.91 g, as shown in Figure 4.

Embodiment 2

(1) seed preparation: identical with embodiment 1;

(2) Preparation of culture substrate: same as Example 1;

(3) container seeding: same as Example 1;

(4) Incubator setting: place the culture vessel in an artificial climate incubator for cultivation. The cultivation conditions of the incubator are: a constant temperature of 25°C, and a consistent periodic illumination (3000lx, 12h·d ^-1 ) LRH-250- G light incubator, after that, the water content of the humus medium is kept at 15%. The difference from Example 1 is that the 25°C constant temperature incubator is directly used for seed germination, and the seeds are nearly 2 months (more than 50 days). Germination appeared, which was more than 20 days later than Example 1, and the germination rate could reach more than 80% after culturing for 4 and a half months (more than 130 days), which was more than 40 days later than Example 1;

(5) Transplanting of seedlings: When the outdoor temperature rises in the late spring and early summer (May-June) of the second year after sowing, the transplanting work for outdoor greenhouse environment cultivation is carried out. After observing these seedlings again, the average height of the seedlings reaches about 213.62mm, the root length is about 76.22mm, and the fresh weight is about 2.73g. values are significantly smaller.

Embodiment 3

(1) seed preparation: identical with embodiment 1;

(2) Preparation of culture medium: the culture medium is coal soil, before use, spray and soak the culture medium with 0.5% carbendazim solution for disinfection treatment, and dry it under natural conditions for later use;

(3) container seeding: same as Example 1;

(4) Incubator setting: place the culture vessel in an artificial climate incubator for cultivation. The cultivation conditions of the incubator are: a constant temperature of 25°C, and a consistent periodic illumination (3000lx, 12h·d ^-1 ) LRH-250- G light incubator, after that, the water content of the coal soil medium was kept at 15%. The difference from Example 1 was that the seed germination culture was directly carried out in a constant temperature incubator at 25°C. The seeds appeared at about the same time as Example 1 at 54 days. After germination, the germination rate only reached 73.3% when it was cultivated for 4.5 months (more than 130 days), and then the germination rate was basically kept unchanged, which was 13.4% lower than the germination rate of Example 1;

(5) Transplanting of seedlings: At the end of spring and early summer (May-June) of the second year after sowing, the seedlings will basically grow 6-7 leaves, but the overall leaf color is yellowish as shown in Figure 6. In the transplanting work in the greenhouse environment, the survival rate of the seedlings can basically reach more than 90%. After 2 months, the seedlings were observed again. The leaves of the mature seedlings became emerald green, the average seedling height can reach about 184.41mm, and the root length is about 69.67mm. , the fresh weight is about 2.52g, as shown in Figure 7, but as a whole, the measured values of seedling height, root length and fresh weight are significantly smaller than those of Example 1.

Embodiment 4

(1) seed preparation: identical with embodiment 1;

(2) Preparation of culture medium: The culture medium is perlite. Before use, spray and soak the culture medium with 0.5% carbendazim solution for disinfection treatment, and dry it under natural conditions for standby;

(3) Sowing in greenhouses: the sowing time is: the end of November; the cultivation environment conditions are: natural light, the temperature changes with the four seasons, the water content of the perlite medium in winter (about 10-15°C) and spring (about 15-25°C) Keep at 15%, regularly spray water to maintain humidity, and the difference from Example 1 is that the outdoor greenhouse is directly used for seed germination and cultivation, and the seeds appear natural germination nearly 5 months after sowing, which is later than Example 1. After more than 100 days, there are still seeds germinating one after another until September, and the seedlings grow slowly, and the fibrous roots on the taproots are obviously not as developed as the seedlings of Example 1;

(4) Transplanting of seedlings: The seedlings that grow to 75-95 mm and develop 3-4 young leaves are transplanted as shown in Figure 8. The survival rate of the seedlings is 76.9%. Observe these seedlings again after 2 months. The average seedling height reached about 141.25mm, the root length was about 70.21mm, and the fresh weight was about 1.15g, as shown in Figure 9.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not restrictive, and what is shown in the accompanying drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. All in all, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it, and without departing from the purpose of the present invention, any structural modes and embodiments similar to this technical solution are designed without creativity, and all should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for promoting the quick germination and seedling formation of the purpleflower bicolor seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for promoting the quick germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing seeds, selecting strong and tall mother trees for fruit collection in the mature season of the seeds, and pretreating the fruits for later use after collection;

s2: preparing a culture medium, namely adopting humus as the culture medium, sterilizing before use, and then airing for later use under natural conditions;

s3: sowing in a container, namely, adopting a plastic box with the size of 17.2x11.7x7cm and the capacity of 1000mL, spreading a sterilized culture medium with the thickness of 5cm, sowing seeds, covering the culture medium with the thickness of 1cm, uniformly keeping the depth of about 0.7-1.3 cm, and covering a container cover with 3-5 ventilation holes with the diameter of 5 mm;

s4: the incubator is arranged, the container is placed in the artificial climate incubator for cultivation, and the cultivation conditions of the incubator are as follows: constant temperature of 35 ℃ and consistent periodical illumination (3000lx, 12h d)^-1) The LRH-250-G light incubator;

s5: the first seedling transplanting is to 3-4 young leaves which grow to 80-90 mm in height and develop, and young stem parts of the seedlings are transplanted for the first time from light green to emerald green, and the transplanting method comprises the following steps: gently scooped out with a fine spoon, transferred to a constant temperature of 25 ℃ and kept in constant periodic light (300)0lx，12h·d^-1) The LRH-250-G illumination incubator adopts a plastic box container filled with 1000mL of sterilized humus soil to continue culture, and can properly prolong the water replenishing work to once every 3 to 4 days in a constant temperature environment of 25 ℃;

s6: and (3) performing secondary seedling transplanting, namely performing secondary transplanting work of outdoor greenhouse environment culture after culturing for about 2-3 months in a constant-temperature incubator environment at 25 ℃.

2. The method for promoting the rapid germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment method in S1 comprises stacking and retting the collected fruits for 1-2 days, kneading and wiping off peel and pulp in water or in a bag, rinsing with clear water, air drying the seeds, removing seeds with obvious diseases and insect pests, and adding 0.1% K₂MnO₄Soaking and sterilizing for 30min, and washing with clear water.

3. The method for promoting the rapid germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water content of the culture medium is always kept between 14 and 16 percent.

4. The method for promoting the rapid germination of the purpleflower bicolor seeds into seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the seeds are sown in S3 without adopting a seed burying mode and the depth of the seeds does not exceed 2 cm.

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