CN105052482B - A kind of wind Phoebe plant exempts to hinder root seeding growing seedlings method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for sowing and raising seedlings of plants of the genus Phoebe without damaging roots, comprising the following steps: (1) collecting seeds: collecting ripe fruits on the trees of the genus Phoebe or picking up the fallen fruit of the year when the seeds are still intact; (2) the seeds Treatment: The fruit should be processed immediately after harvesting, and it should be sown as it is harvested; (3) Sowing germination: ①Sand bed preparation, ②Sowing germination, ③Management during germination; (4) Sprout transplanting: ①Bag with soil, ②Lifting, ③Transplanting; (5) Container seedling management. The method of the invention mainly adopts technical measures such as germination acceleration on a sand bed, whole-root transplanting of sprouts, salt-isolation treatment in planting holes, seedling cultivation in large containers with light substrates, etc., so as to finally achieve the purpose of not damaging roots and promoting the growth of seedlings. Applying the method of the present invention to cultivate Phoebe nannuum and Phoebe big-leaf Phoebe seedlings, the seeding germination rate can reach 94.8%, and the survival rate after transplanting is 100%. The success of this seedling raising technology is of great significance to the resource protection, scientific research and development and utilization of Phoebe species.

Description

A method for sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plants without damaging roots

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and relates to a sowing and propagation technology of nationally protected plants and special oil tree species, specifically a method for sowing and raising seedlings of plants of the genus Phoebe without damaging roots.

Background technique

The genus Horsfieldia Willd. is a Myristicaceae plant of the family Myristicaceae. There are three species distributed in China, namely Horsfieldia amygdalina (Wall.) Warb., Horsfieldiakingii (Hook.f.) Warb. and Horsfieldia prainii (King) Warburg, among them, Dayefengnan is a species combined from Hainan Fengzhui, Nannan Fengzhui and Dayefengnan, and Yunnan Fengzhuinia is composed of Qinyefeng Chui Nan changed his name. Existing studies have shown that the seeds of the genus Phoebe have a very high oil content (about 34.06-56.18%), and the total fatty acid content of less than 20 carbons in the total fatty acids is more than 90%, and the content of 14-carbon fatty acids is very high, while 10 carbons Four-carbon fatty acid is the main raw material for synthetic mechanical lubricating oil viscosity-increasing and pour-point-decreasing double-effect additives. As a special oil tree species, its development and utilization value is huge. However, the current status of germplasm resources of the genus Phoebe is not optimistic. Daye Phoebe and Yunnan Phoebe have been listed as national level II and level III key protected wild plants respectively. The former is only found in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Hainan in a small amount, and the latter Those are only distributed in Jinghong, Mengla, Menghai, Yingjiang and other places in Yunnan.

The plants of this genus are mostly distributed in tropical virgin forests, and are mostly found in valleys. The seedling rate is extremely low or even has no seedlings under the original habitat conditions. Due to the tall tree shape, artificial seed collection is more difficult, and the seeds are recalcitrant seeds. Once dehydrated or deteriorated, it is easy to affect the germination rate. Breeding is difficult. Therefore, it is of great significance for the resource protection, scientific research, development and utilization of this genus to carry out the research on artificial seeding and seedling raising technology of Phoebe genus. At present, there are few research reports on sowing and seedling cultivation of Phoebe genus, and there is no mature and complete technology. There are obvious problems in the existing researches. One is that the seedbed cultivation can only be used for scientific research at the seedling stage, and further use will seriously damage the roots; Seedling.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plants without root damage, which can achieve the goals of high emergence rate, high seedling quality, root damage free and cost saving.

The present invention solves the above technical problems with the following technical solutions:

The present invention is a kind of method for sowing and raising seedlings of plants of the genus Phoebe without damaging roots, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Seed collection: collect mature fruits on the trees of the genus Phoebe or pick up the fallen fruits of the year when the seeds are still intact;

(2) Seed treatment: The fruit should be treated immediately after harvesting, and it should be sown as it is harvested; the peel and aril of the cracked fruit should be removed directly, and the seeds should be sown after cleaning. If the fruit is not cracked when harvested, it should be placed in ventilation Dry in the shade, after 5-7 days, the peel is cracked and the seeds are taken out before sowing;

(3) sowing germination

①Sand bed preparation: remove weeds, level the bed surface after loosening the soil, compact it slightly, and disinfect the day before sowing;

② Sowing germination: Drench the sand bed with clean water before sowing, open a small ditch along the width of the bed, place the mature and full seeds evenly in the sowing ditch after disinfection, cover with semi-wet coarse sand, and then pour water to set , covered with sand again to a height of 2-3cm, and finally sprayed insect repellent to prevent pests and ants, and built a small arch shed with a height of 80cm with bamboo chips or iron wires, covered with a film and a shade net with a shading degree of 75%, for heat preservation and moisturizing;

③Management during the germination period: control the water and humidity according to the dryness and humidity of the seedbed, and at the same time pay attention to the temperature adjustment in the shed and prevent insects and ants from biting. No need to water fertilizer during the germination period;

(4) Transplanting of sprouts

①Packing with soil: choose non-woven seedling bags for the seedling container, and the bagging amount of the substrate is slightly lower than 2cm of the bag opening;

②Lifting: When the germ grows to a height of 3-4cm, a stem diameter of 2-3mm, and a root length of more than 6cm, the seedlings are raised before the leaves are opened. After washing the silt, transfer it to a pot filled with rooting and seedling strengthening agent, soak the roots of the seedlings for 30 minutes, and then take them out to be transplanted;

③Transplanting: The day before transplanting, water the substrate thoroughly, and then disinfect it with 80% zinc wettable powder 600 times solution. The diameter of the hole is 4-5cm, and the depth is 7-8cm; put the seedlings in, and then perform salt isolation treatment to compact the substrate, and drench with water after transplanting;

(5) Container seedling management: Weeding in time, and normal management of water and fertilizer and pest control after the seedlings grow stably.

In the step (1), the seed collection period is from late March to mid-April. When picking on the tree, the peel has turned from green to yellow-green, and the pulp at the stem has turned red and softened. Lines are microcracked, or orange-red or orange arils can be seen.

In the described step (3), the inner depth of the germination sand bed is 0.25m, the inner width is 1.0m, and the bed surface length depends on the nursery topography.

In the step (3), when sowing, the seeds need to be placed horizontally, the seeds are spaced apart without mutual shielding, and the hilum is facing downward to facilitate the growth of the radicle.

In the step (3), the seed disinfection method is: soak the seeds with 500 mg/L potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 10 minutes before sowing; the insect repellant sprayed after sowing is 1500 times of trichlorfon powder.

Management during vernalization in described step (3):

Humidity management: Get up early to ventilate for 2 hours. If the sand surface is not dry before emergence, no watering is required. Cover the sunshade net during the day to keep moisture; keep the soil humidity at 50-60% during the emergence period, which is conducive to germination, and control the soil humidity to 40% one week before transplanting. ~50%, in order to benefit hair roots;

Temperature management: Before emergence, the temperature is maintained at 30-32°C during the day and at 20-25°C at night; after emergence, it is maintained at 28-30°C during the day and 18-20°C at night.

In described step (4), the specification of non-woven fabric seedling-raising bag is 12cm * 20cm, and the seedling-raising matrix of its built-in is made by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage: humus topsoil 30%, coir peat 35%, decomposed tree 20% bark, 5% biogas residue, and 10% perlite, wherein the decomposed bark is obtained from the bark waste of the eucalyptus board processing plant through fermentation and decomposition.

In the step (4), the rooting and seedling strengthening agent is prepared as follows: the former powder of ABT No. 3 rooting powder with an active ingredient content of 98% is formulated into a 0.2 g/kg rooting powder aqueous solution.

In the step (4), the operation of salt separation treatment is to fill the sterilized humic topsoil into the planting hole, so that the root system of the seedling and the seedling raising substrate are temporarily separated.

The management of the container seedlings after described step (5) transplanting is: drench water sooner or later in sunny days, do not need to drench water and fertilizer within 3 months after transplanting, and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is to use 2000 times of liquid of trichlorfon former powder every 30d, and add The washing powder with a mass concentration of 0.1% of the liquid medicine is used as stem and leaf spray.

Compared with the prior art, the inventive method has the following advantages:

1. The method of the present invention mainly achieves the purpose of not damaging the roots and promoting the growth of seedlings through technical measures such as accelerated germination on a sand bed, transplanting whole roots of sprouts, salt-isolation treatment in planting holes, and seedling cultivation in large containers with light substrate non-woven fabrics. When transplanting, the young root system is temporarily separated from the organic substrate by filling in sterile humus topsoil, which acts as a buffer, which is more conducive to the growth and recovery of seedlings after transplanting, and protects the root system to the greatest extent, greatly improving Survival rate and seedling quality. Therefore, whether it is further scientific research or returning to afforestation, it will be better than previous seedling raising measures.

2. The seedlings of Phoebe plant grow fast, with large roots and leaves. On the premise of ensuring the quality of the seedlings, choose a non-woven seedling bag with a size of 12cm×20cm, which is more cost-effective than the previous container size of 18cm×25cm .

3. Apply the method of the present invention to cultivate Phoebe Phoebe and Phoebe Phoebus seedlings, the seeding germination rate can reach 94.8%, and the survival rate after transplanting is 100%.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

1. Seed collection and seed treatment: The seed collection time was at the end of March 2014. The seed collection objects were: Hainan Fengchuinan (now known as Dayefengchuinan) seeds. It is collected from the Tropical Forestry Experimental Center of the Chinese Academy of Forestry in Pingxiang, Guangxi, and the mother tree is artificially planted. The seeds are all collected from a single plant. The fruit is yellow-green but not cracked when harvested. After being brought back, it is spread out and placed in a ventilated place. After 7 days, the skin becomes soft and cracks.

2. Seed germination

Remove the weeds in the sand bed on April 10, level the bed surface after loosening the soil, compact it slightly, and disinfect it with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.5%. On the afternoon of April 11, drench the sand bed with clear water. The sowing treatment was set to remove the pericarp and aril for the seeds of Clamwood King in Longzhou, Guangxi. The seeds of the Tropical Forestry Experimental Center of the Chinese Academy of Forestry in Pingxiang, Guangxi were divided into two treatments: removing the aril and keeping the aril. Both were treated with clean water After washing, soak the seeds in 500mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes. When sowing, open a small ditch along the width of the bed, and then place the seeds evenly and horizontally in the sowing ditch. The seeds are separated from each other, and the hilum is facing downward. After sowing, cover it with semi-wet coarse sand so that the seeds are not visible The height of the sand covering is 2-3cm. After the water is fixed, 1500 times of trichlorfon powder is sprayed to prevent the harm of insects and ants. Build a small arch shed with a height of about 80 cm with bamboo chips or iron wires, and cover with a film and a shade net with a shading degree of 75% for heat preservation and moisture retention. During the germination period, the management depends on the dryness and humidity of the seedbed and controls the temperature and humidity. Get up early and ventilate for 2 hours. If the sand surface is not dry before emergence, you do not need to water it. Control the soil moisture to 40-50% every week to facilitate rooting. Before emergence, the temperature is maintained at 30-32°C during the day and 20-25°C at night; after emergence, it is maintained at 28-30°C during the day and 18-20°C at night, and no fertilizer or water is applied during the germination period.

3. Transplanting of sprouts

The seedling substrate was prepared on May 6, and because the germination period was relatively long, the seedlings were transplanted successively depending on the germination situation.

①Packing with soil: the non-woven bag is made of diameter (12cm)×height (20cm), and the base material is 30% of humus topsoil, 35% of coconut peat, 20% of decomposed bark, and biogas residue by volume percentage. 5% and 10% perlite were mixed and mixed well, and immediately bagged and placed on the seedling raising bed after preparation, and the bagging amount of the substrate was slightly lower than 2cm of the bag mouth.

②Lifting: When the seedlings are raised, the germ is 3-4cm long and 2-3mm thick, and the leaves are not unfolded. The method of raising seedlings is to drench the seedbed with clean water first, then use bamboo chips to loosen the sandy soil, carefully take out the seedlings, put them in plastic pots to wash off the sand, and then transfer them to ABT No. 3 rooting powder with an active ingredient content of 98%. Soak the roots of the seedlings in the 0.2g/kg aqueous solution of rooting powder prepared from the original powder for 30 minutes and then take them out.

③Transplanting: Drench the substrate with water one day before transplanting, and then disinfect it with 80% Zineb wettable powder 600 times solution. When transplanting, first use bamboo chips to introduce a planting hole with a diameter of 4-5cm and a depth of 7-8cm in the center of the seedling container, put the seedlings in, and then fill the sterilized humus topsoil into the planting hole, so that the root system of the seedlings and the seedling substrate Temporarily separate, compact the substrate, and drench with water after transplanting.

4. Management after transplanting

Sprinkle water in the morning and evening on sunny days, and do not need to pour water and fertilizer within 3 months after transplanting. Every 30 days, use 2000 times of trichlorfon powder and add washing powder with a mass concentration of 0.1% of the liquid as stem and leaf spray to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. 25 days after sowing, the soil begins to germinate, and it takes 35 days from sowing to germination. The statistics of the entire seedling period are shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1

Conclusion: By adopting the method of sowing and raising seedlings of the present invention, the seedling germination rate of Phoebe hainanensis can reach up to 90.2%, and the effect of sowing and raising seedlings without arils is better than that of leaving arils. Due to the large seeds and rich nutrition of Hainan Fengfannan, it grows fast after transplanting and has a survival rate of 100%.

Example 2

1. Seed collection and seed treatment: The time for seed collection was mid-April 2015. The seeds of Fengchuinan and Dayefengchuinan were collected from Yunnan Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden. The mother tree was artificially planted, and the seed collection method was single plant. The fruits have been cracked when harvested, and after being brought back, they are spread out and placed in a ventilated place for immediate sowing.

2. Seed germination

Remove the weeds in the sand bed on April 21, level the bed surface after loosening the soil, compact it slightly, and disinfect it with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.5%. After 4 pm on April 22, drench the sand bed with clean water. After the sand bed is ready, the seeds are treated. First, remove the peel and aril, wash with water, soak the seeds in 500 mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, and remove them. When sowing, open a small ditch along the width of the bed, and then place the seeds evenly and horizontally in the sowing ditch. The seeds are separated from each other, and the hilum is facing downward. After sowing, cover it with semi-wet coarse sand so that the seeds are not visible Cover the sand with a height of 2-3cm, and then spray 1500 times of trichlorfon powder to prevent damage from insects and ants. Build a small arch shed with a height of about 80 cm with bamboo chips or iron wires, and cover with a film and a shade net with a shading degree of 75% for heat preservation and moisture retention. During the germination period, the management depends on the dryness and humidity of the seedbed and controls the temperature and humidity. Get up early and ventilate for 2 hours. If the sand surface is not dry before emergence, you do not need to water it. Control the soil moisture to 40-50% every week to facilitate rooting. Before emergence, the temperature is maintained at 30-32°C during the day and 20-25°C at night; after emergence, it is maintained at 28-30°C during the day and 18-20°C at night, and no fertilizer or water is applied during the germination period. Checked on May 14th, the seeds began to germinate and came out of the soil. On May 23rd, the germination rate was counted, and the germination rates of Fengchuinan and Dayefengnan were 94.8% and 93.3%, respectively.

3. Transplanting of sprouts

The seedling substrate was prepared on May 25, and the seedlings were transplanted on the 26th.

①Packing with soil: Non-woven bags are made of diameter (12cm)×height (20cm), and the substrate materials are 30% humus topsoil, 35% coconut peat, 20% decomposed bark, and 5% biogas residue by volume. , 10% of perlite and mix well, immediately bagged and placed on the nursery border after preparation, the bagging amount of substrate is slightly lower than the bag mouth 2cm.

②Lifting: When the seedlings are raised, the embryo is 3-4cm long, 2-3mm thick, and the root length is more than 6cm, and the leaves are not unfolded. The method of raising seedlings is to drench the seedbed with clean water first, then use bamboo chips to loosen the sandy soil, carefully take out the seedlings, put them in plastic pots to wash off the sand, and then transfer them to ABT No. 3 rooting powder with an active ingredient content of 98%. Soak the roots of the seedlings in the 0.2g/kg aqueous solution of rooting powder prepared from the original powder for 30 minutes and then take them out.

③Transplanting: Drench the substrate with water one day before transplanting, and then disinfect it with 80% Zineb wettable powder 600 times solution. When transplanting, first use bamboo chips to introduce a planting hole with a diameter of 4-5cm and a depth of 7-8cm in the center of the seedling container, put the seedlings in, and then fill the sterilized humus topsoil into the planting hole, so that the root system of the seedlings and the seedling substrate Temporarily separate, compact the substrate, and drench with water after transplanting.

4. Management after transplanting

Sprinkle water in the morning and evening on sunny days, and do not need to pour water and fertilizer within 3 months after transplanting. Every 30 days, use 2000 times of trichlorfon powder and add washing powder with a mass concentration of 0.1% of the liquid as stem and leaf spray to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. 22 days after sowing, the soil began to germinate, and it took 31 days from sowing to germination. See Table 2 below for the seedling cultivation:

Table 2

Conclusion: adopt the method of sowing and raising seedlings of the present invention, the sowing germination rate of Phoebe chinensis is 94.8%, the sowing germination rate of Phoebe japonica is 93.3%, and the statistical survival rate of 1 month after transplanting is 100%. The average seedling height of Yuefengchuinan is 13.72cm, and the average ground diameter is 4.62mm; the average seedling height of Dayefengchuinan is 23.34cm, and the average ground diameter is 6.56mm; Evenly, it can be out of the nursery in half a year.

Claims (9)

1. a method for sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plant free from injury root, is characterized in that, it comprises following operation steps: (1) Seed collection: collect mature fruits on the trees of the genus Phoebe or pick up the fallen fruits of the year when the seeds are still intact; (2) Seed treatment: The fruit should be treated immediately after harvesting, and it should be sown as it is harvested; the peel and aril of the cracked fruit should be removed directly, and the seeds should be sown after cleaning. If the fruit is not cracked when harvested, it should be placed in ventilation Dry in the shade, after 5-7 days, the peel is cracked and the seeds are taken out before sowing; (3) sowing germination ①Sand bed preparation: remove weeds, level the bed surface after loosening the soil, compact it slightly, and disinfect the day before sowing; ② Sowing germination: Drench the sand bed with clean water before sowing, open a small ditch along the width of the bed, place the mature and full seeds evenly in the sowing ditch after disinfection, cover with semi-wet coarse sand, and then pour water to set , covered with sand again to a height of 2-3cm, and finally sprayed insect repellent to prevent pests and ants, and built a small arch shed with a height of 80cm with bamboo chips or iron wires, covered with a film and a shade net with a shading degree of 75%, for heat preservation and moisturizing; ③Management during the germination period: control the water and humidity according to the dryness and humidity of the seedbed, and at the same time pay attention to the temperature adjustment in the shed and prevent insects and ants from biting. No need to water fertilizer during the germination period; Humidity management: Get up early to ventilate for 2 hours. If the sand surface is not dry before emergence, no watering is required. Cover the sunshade net during the day to keep moisture; keep the soil humidity at 50-60% during the emergence period, which is conducive to germination, and control the soil humidity to 40% one week before transplanting. ~50%, in order to benefit hair roots; Temperature management: maintain the temperature at 30-32°C during the day before emergence and 20-25°C at night; maintain at 28-30°C during the day and 18-20°C at night after emergence; (4) Transplanting of sprouts ①Packing with soil: choose non-woven seedling bags for the seedling container, and the bagging amount of the substrate is slightly lower than 2cm of the bag mouth; ②Lifting: When the germ grows to a height of 3-4cm, a stem diameter of 2-3mm, and a root length of more than 6cm, the seedlings are raised before the leaves are opened. After washing the silt, transfer it to a pot filled with a rooting and seedling strengthening agent, soak the roots of the seedlings for 30 minutes, and then take them out to be transplanted; ③Transplanting: The day before transplanting, water the substrate thoroughly, and then disinfect it with 80% zinc wettable powder 600 times solution. The diameter of the hole is 4-5cm, and the depth is 7-8cm; put the seedlings in, and then perform salt isolation treatment to compact the substrate, and drench with water after transplanting; (5) Container seedling management: Weeding in time, and normal management of water and fertilizer and pest control after the seedlings grow stably. 2. according to claim 1, the method for sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plants without damaging roots is characterized in that, in step (1), the seed picking period is from late March to mid-April, and the fruit peel has changed from green to green when picking on the tree. Turning to yellow-green, the pulp at the stalk becomes red and soft, the fruit is slightly cracked along the ventral and dorsal sutures, or orange-red or orange arils can be seen. 3. according to the described method of sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (3), the inner depth of the germination sand bed is 0.25m, and the inner width is 1.0m, and the bed surface The length depends on the terrain of the nursery. 4. according to the described method of sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (3), the seeds need to be placed horizontally during sowing, and the seeds are spaced apart without mutual occlusion, and the hilum Downward to facilitate radicle growth. 5. according to the described method of sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), the seed disinfection method is: soak with 500mg/L potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing Seeds for 10 minutes; the insecticide sprayed after sowing is 1500 times of trichlorfon powder. 6. according to the described method of sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), the specification of non-woven fabric seedling-raising bag is 12cm * 20cm, and the seedling-raising matrix of its built-in is made of The following raw materials are mixed according to volume percentage: 30% humus topsoil, 35% coconut peat, 20% decomposed bark, 5% biogas residue, and 10% perlite. Among them, the decomposed bark is eucalyptus board processing factory tree The skin waste is obtained by fermenting and decomposing. 7. according to the described method of sowing and raising seedlings of Phoebe genus Phoebe plants without damaging roots according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (4), the preparation of the agent for rooting and strengthening seedlings is: the active ingredient content is 98% ABT 3 No. root powder former powder is mixed with the root powder aqueous solution of 0.2g/kg. 8. according to the described method of planting and raising seedlings of Phoebe plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step (4), the operation of salt separation treatment is to fill the sterilized humus topsoil in the planting hole , to temporarily separate the seedling root system from the seedling substrate. 9. according to the described method of sowing and raising seedlings of the genus Phoebe plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after described step (5) is transplanted, the management to the container seedling is: drench water sooner or later when sunny, after transplanting 3 There is no need to spray water and fertilizer within one month, and the control of diseases and insect pests is to use 2000 times of trichlorfon powder every 30 days, and add the washing powder with a mass concentration of 0.1% of the liquid for stem and leaf spray.