CN113652619A - Heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy - Google Patents
Heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种低能耗亚共晶高含铜量Al‑Si‑Cu‑Mg铸造合金的热处理强韧化方法，其重量百分比及化学成分为：它的重量百分比及化学成分为：Si 6.5～7.5％，Cu 2.7～3.3％，Mg 0.45～0.55％，Sr 0.02～0.03％，Fe＜0.15％，余量为Al；本发明对亚共晶高含铜量Al‑Si‑Cu‑Mg铸造合金采用双级固溶，解决了传统固溶制度第二相过烧和第二相溶于基体的矛盾问题，保证了合金高的强韧性的同时又降低了能耗。与T6热处理相比，采用本发明涉及的热处理方法对亚共晶高含铜量Al‑Si‑Cu‑Mg铸造合金热处理降低了约10％的能耗，其强韧性也有所提升。
The invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of low energy consumption hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy. Its weight percentage and chemical composition are: its weight percentage and chemical composition are: Si 6.5 ～7.5%, Cu 2.7～3.3%, Mg 0.45～0.55%, Sr 0.02～0.03%, Fe＜0.15%, and the balance is Al; the present invention casts Al-Si-Cu-Mg with high copper content of hypoeutectic The alloy adopts two-stage solid solution, which solves the contradiction between the second phase over-burning in the traditional solid solution system and the second phase being dissolved in the matrix, which ensures the high strength and toughness of the alloy and reduces the energy consumption. Compared with the T6 heat treatment, the heat treatment method of the present invention reduces the energy consumption by about 10% for the heat treatment of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, and its strength and toughness are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-performance cast aluminum alloy, particularly relates to the field of castings with complex structures of automobile manufacturing, rail transit and aerospace which require high strength and toughness and low energy consumption, and particularly relates to a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption.
Background
Energy conservation and emission reduction are one of the trends of technological development at present. Under the requirements of low energy consumption and low emission trend, various structural members are also developed towards light weight. The Al-Si alloy has a wide application prospect in the fields of automobile manufacturing, rail transit, aerospace and the like due to the advantages of small density, good casting performance, good corrosion resistance and the like. However, due to the coarse alpha-Al dendrites and the long eutectic silicon particles in the as-cast structure, the Al-Si alloy has low comprehensive mechanical properties in the as-cast state. In order to improve the strong toughness of the alloy, alloying elements such as Cu and Mg are usually added into the Al-Si alloy, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved by separating out copper-rich and magnesium-rich precipitation strengthening phases through heat treatment.
A typical heat treatment regime suitable for sand and gravity casting Al-Si alloys is the T6 heat treatment, which includes two stages, solution quenching and artificial ageing, where solution treatment is seen as the key stage in determining the microstructure and mechanical properties of the aged alloy. The Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy solution treatment mainly has the following purposes: (1) dissolving the copper-rich phase and the magnesium-rich phase formed in the solidification process to form a supersaturated solid solution; (2) improving the shapes of eutectic silicon particles and intermetallic compounds to granulate the eutectic silicon particles and the intermetallic compounds; (3) improve the uniformity of the structure and reduce the thermal stress. The choice of the solution temperature is particularly important in the solution treatment of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys. The solid solution temperature is too low, solute elements such as Cu, Mg and the like are not fully dissolved, the concentration of vacancies after quenching is low, meanwhile, irregular strip chain-shaped Si particles in the Al matrix can not be fully spheroidized, and the mechanical property of the alloy is poor; however, for Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy with high copper content, due to the formation of a low-melting-point quaternary eutectic phase Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 phase, the solid solution temperature cannot be too high, the energy consumption is increased due to too high temperature, and meanwhile, the low-melting-point phases are over-burnt and partially melted, so that the porosity of the alloy is greatly increased, even the generation of macroscopic cracks and bending occurs, and the mechanical properties of the alloy are seriously damaged. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the mechanical property of the alloy, the aims of reducing energy consumption and saving cost are pursued by researchers at home and abroad.
At present, for Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy, the solution treatment system generally adopted in the industry is still to carry out solution treatment for a long time at a high temperature as close to the eutectic temperature of the eutectic phase containing copper as possible. Although the solid solution system can effectively avoid the over-burning phenomenon, the solid solution system has the defects of high energy consumption and insufficient mechanical property of the alloy. In recent years, many researchers are exploring new solution treatment regimes to reduce energy consumption while improving the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys. These new solution treatment regimes consist essentially of two stages. Compared with the conventional solution treatment, the successful two-stage solution treatment process can greatly reduce the energy consumption, and the alloy can obtain good mechanical properties. At present, the two-stage solution treatment process is mainly applied to deformed Al alloy, and for hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with high copper content, the research on the two-stage solution system is less. Researches of J.H. SokolowskP and the like find that the copper-rich phase of the cast 319 aluminum alloy after two-stage solution treatment (8h/495 ℃ and 2h/520 ℃) is obviously reduced and refined, the aluminum matrix is better homogenized before aging, and the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously improved compared with that of the traditional single-stage solution mechanical property. However, it should be noted that the primary solid solution temperature of the existing two-stage solid solution treatment process is generally higher than 495 ℃, and the secondary solid solution temperature is higher, so that the energy consumption still cannot be greatly reduced, and the mechanical property and the energy consumption are considered at the same time. Therefore, for the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy with high copper content, if parameters such as temperature, time and the like of double-stage solid solution can be reasonably optimized, a feasible heat treatment thought is provided for alloy producers to improve product quality and save production cost, and a powerful guarantee is provided for casting materials for aluminum alloy castings with complex structures.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of high energy consumption and insufficient mechanical properties of the prior heat treatment technology, the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of a hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption, which adopts two-stage solution treatment combining low-temperature solution treatment at 475-495 ℃ and high-temperature solution treatment at 515-525 ℃, wherein 475-495 ℃ is far lower than a Q-phase melting point, the occurrence of an over-firing phenomenon is avoided, and solute elements are more fully dissolved in an Al matrix by proper treatment time; the temperature of 515-525 ℃ is slightly higher than the melting point of the Q phase, so that the Si particles are fully spheroidized, and meanwhile, the vacancy concentration is improved, thereby being beneficial to improving the aging efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4-8 hours at the temperature of 475-495 ℃, and the second-stage solution is subjected to heat preservation for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 515-525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at the temperature of 50-70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 5-10 h at the temperature of 170-180 ℃.
According to the heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of the low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, the two-stage solution treatment is adopted in the step (1), the temperature of the first-stage solution treatment is 475-495 ℃, the temperature of the second-stage solution treatment is 515-525 ℃, and the heating rate from the temperature of the first-stage solution treatment to the temperature of the second-stage solution treatment is 10-15 ℃/min.
According to the heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of the low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, two-stage solution treatment is adopted in the step (1), the temperature of the first-stage solution treatment is far lower than the melting point of the copper-rich phase, and the temperature of the second-stage solution treatment is slightly higher than the melting point of the copper-rich phase.
According to the heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for the low-energy-consumption hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, after the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy is subjected to heat treatment by the method, the tensile strength of the alloy reaches above 386MPa, the yield strength of the alloy reaches above 310MPa, the elongation of the alloy reaches above 6.4%, and the performance requirement of the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Mg cast alloy in the fields of automobile manufacturing, rail transit and aerospace complex structure castings is far higher than that of the Al-Si alloy.
Compared with the T6 heat treatment, the heat treatment method for the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy can save about 10% of energy consumption.
According to the heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of the low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy is prepared by smelting high-purity Al, high-purity Mg and intermediate alloys of Al-50Cu, Al-20Si and Al-10Sr, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 6.5 to 7.5 percent of Si, 2.7 to 3.3 percent of Cu, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Sr, less than 0.15 percent of Fe and the balance of Al.
According to the heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for the low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy is a casting Al alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts two-stage solid solution for the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution temperature is far lower than the melting point of the copper-rich phase, the proper solid solution time ensures that alloy elements such as Cu, Mg and the like are fully dissolved in the Al matrix, the occurrence of the overburning phenomenon is avoided, meanwhile, the temperature is quickly raised to the second-stage solid solution treatment temperature at the speed of about 15 ℃/min, the growth of crystal grains in the temperature raising process is prevented, the second-stage solid solution temperature is slightly higher than the melting point of the copper-rich phase, the proper heat preservation time ensures that eutectic Si particles are fully spheroidized, meanwhile, the vacancy concentration is improved, the diffusion of solute in the aging process is accelerated, the clustering and the formation of a precipitation phase are accelerated, and the aging treatment efficiency is improved.
2. The heat treatment method solves the contradiction between the second phase overburning and the second phase dissolving in the matrix of the traditional solid solution system, and after the hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content is subjected to the heat treatment method, the mechanical property of the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is far higher than the performance requirement of the existing fields of automobile manufacturing, rail transit and aerospace complex structure castings on the Al-Si alloy. Meanwhile, the solid solution treatment is carried out in a grading way, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of dsc for a hypoeutectic high Cu Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As can be seen from the dsc plot of FIG. 1, the melting point of the low melting Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 phase is about 510 ℃. According to the temperature, a two-stage solid solution system is designed. In order to avoid overburning and reduce energy consumption, the first-stage solid solution is set at a temperature (475-495 ℃) which is about 15-35 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Q phase, the content of the Cu-rich phase and the Mg-rich phase is rapidly reduced and then slowly reduced along with the increase of the solid solution time within the temperature range, and the content tends to be stable after about 4 hours, so the treatment time is set to be 4-8 hours, and the energy consumption is increased due to overlong treatment time. But only limited modification of the eutectic Si particles is obtained in this case. In Al-Si alloys, eutectic Si particles play an important role, and the morphology and size of the eutectic Si particles directly influence the mechanical properties of the alloy. Further, the quenched vacancy concentration also increases with the increase of the solid solution temperature, and the solid solution temperature at this time is low and insufficient to obtain high concentration of vacancies after quenching, so that the solid solution temperature is rapidly raised to a higher temperature (515 ℃ to 525 ℃) after first-order solid solution for spheroidizing Si particles and obtaining high concentration of vacancies while promoting the homogenization of the structure. Under high temperature, the modification speed and the vacancy diffusion speed of the Si particles are high, so that the secondary solid solution time is short and is 2-4 h. If the treatment is too long, the Si particles grow up continuously, so that the inter-particle distance is inevitably increased, and the dispersion strengthening effect of the Si particles on the alloy is reduced.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content is prepared by smelting high-purity Al, high-purity Mg and intermediate alloys of Al-50Cu, Al-20Si and Al-10Sr, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 6.90% of Si, 2.97% of Cu, 0.51% of Mg, 0.02% of Sr, 0.10% of Fe and the balance of Al.
The invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of low-energy hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solution is heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 475 ℃, and the second-stage solution is heat preservation for 2 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solution is heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 475 ℃, and the second-stage solution is heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solution is heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 475 ℃, and the second-stage solution is heat preservation for 2 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solution is heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 475 ℃, and the second-stage solution is heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 6:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 7:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is heat-preserved for 4 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is heat-preserved for 2 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 8:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Example 9:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 50 ℃;
(3) and immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 180 ℃.
Example 10:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 65 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 170 ℃.
Example 11:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 65 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 178 ℃.
Example 12:
in this embodiment, the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy has the same composition as in embodiment 1, and the present invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method for a low energy hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 525 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 68 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content at the temperature of 172 ℃ for 8 h. Comparative example 1:
the same as example 1 in the ingredients of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy in the comparative example, the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of a hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 450 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃. Comparative example 2:
the same as example 1 in the ingredients of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy in the comparative example, the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of a hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is heat-preserved for 8 hours at the temperature of 505 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is heat-preserved for 4 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃. Comparative example 3:
the same as example 1 in the ingredients of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy in the comparative example, the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of a hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 540 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 8 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃. Comparative example 4:
the same as example 1 in the ingredients of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy in the comparative example, the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of a hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 5 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃. Comparative example 5:
the same as example 1 in the ingredients of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy in the comparative example, the invention provides a heat treatment strengthening and toughening method of a hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy with low energy consumption, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing two-stage solid solution treatment on the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy, wherein the first-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 8 hours at the temperature of 495 ℃, and the second-stage solid solution is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 515 ℃;
(2) quenching the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy subjected to double-stage solution treatment in warm water at 70 ℃;
(3) immediately carrying out aging treatment on the quenched hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content for 10 hours at the temperature of 175 ℃.
Comparative example 6:
the hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content is prepared by smelting high-purity Al, high-purity Mg and intermediate alloys of Al-50Cu, Al-20Si and Al-10Sr, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 6.51% of Si, 2.72% of Cu, 0.45% of Mg, 0.02% of Sr, 0.09% of Fe and the balance of Al. The heat treatment method used in this comparative example was the same as in example 6.
Comparative example 7:
the hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content is prepared by smelting high-purity Al, high-purity Mg and intermediate alloys of Al-50Cu, Al-20Si and Al-10Sr, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 7.48% of Si, 3.29% of Cu, 0.54% of Mg, 0.03% of Sr, 0.12% of Fe and the balance of Al. The heat treatment method used in this comparative example was the same as in example 6.
The performance indexes of the hypoeutectic high-copper-content Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy after solution treatment and artificial aging treatment are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 indexes of performance after treatment of examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-7
Taking the heat treatment method adopted in example 6 as an example, compared with the mechanical property and energy consumption of the hypoeutectic high copper content Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy treated by T6, the comparison data are as follows:
TABLE 2 comparison of mechanical properties and energy consumption of example 6 with T6 treated cast alloy
And (4) analyzing results:
examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 4 to 7 are heat treatment methods according to the present invention, and hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys with high copper content all exhibited excellent mechanical properties after heat treatment by the methods. In particular, after the alloy is subjected to heat treatment by the method in embodiment 6, the tensile strength reaches 405MPa, the yield strength reaches 338MPa, and the elongation reaches 7.6%. To demonstrate the superiority of the heat treatment method, comparative examples 1 to 3 were designed by adjusting the primary and secondary solution temperatures. Compared with the example 6, the first-stage solid solution temperature in the comparative example 1 is reduced by 45 ℃, the activity of atoms such as Cu, Mg and the like is weakened due to the temperature reduction, the dissolution speed is reduced, the solid solubility in an Al matrix is reduced, and when the temperature is raised to the second-stage solid solution temperature, part of copper-rich and magnesium-rich phases are overburnt, and finally the mechanical property is deteriorated; while comparative example 2 increased the primary solution temperature to 505 ℃ (approaching the Q-phase solution temperature), the mechanical properties were not significantly improved, but the energy consumption was increased; comparative example 3 increases the secondary solution temperature to 540 c, but the mechanical properties drop dramatically due to the initial melting of the copper-rich and magnesium-rich eutectic phases caused by the excessive temperature. Example 6 relates to a heat treatment method which improves the tensile strength of the alloy by 4.4 percent compared with the alloy under the heat treatment of T6, but the elongation is not obviously reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced by about 10 percent. The alloy has high strength and toughness, and the energy consumption is obviously reduced.
The traditional solid solution system has the problems of the contradiction between the second phase overburning and the second phase dissolving in the matrix, high energy consumption and the like, and researchers try to solve the problems by adopting a double-stage solid solution system. The two-stage solid solution system proposed at present mainly aims at wrought aluminum alloy, and the primary and secondary solid solution temperatures of the wrought aluminum alloy are generally higher. The invention provides a novel heat treatment method for hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy with high copper content. Considering that the theta-Al 2Cu and the Q-Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 copper-rich phases can be overburnt when the temperature is too high, the first-stage solid solution is carried out at the temperature 15-35 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Q phase and far lower than the treatment temperature of the traditional solid solution system and the first-stage treatment temperature of the existing two-stage solid solution system, the proper treatment time avoids the overburning phenomenon, meanwhile, the solute elements are promoted to be fully dissolved, the second-stage solid solution is carried out at the temperature slightly higher than the melting point of the copper-rich phases, compared with the two-stage solid solution system applied to the wrought aluminum alloy, the second-stage solid solution temperature is also lower, and the proper treatment time promotes the full spheroidization of Si particles and the increase of the concentration of quenching vacancies. Therefore, the aim of optimizing the mechanical property is achieved by controlling the evolution of the microstructure, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed, and that various insubstantial modifications of the inventive concepts and solutions, or their direct application to other applications without such modifications, are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
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| WO2020247178A1 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-10 | Arconic Technologies Llc | Aluminum alloys having silicon, magnesium, copper and zinc |
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| JP2007023330A (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-02-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy casting and its manufacturing method |
| CN102071341A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-05-25 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Cast aluminum-silicon alloy for engine cylinder head and heat treatment process |
| WO2020247178A1 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-10 | Arconic Technologies Llc | Aluminum alloys having silicon, magnesium, copper and zinc |
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