CN113617802A - Harmless treatment method for household kitchen garbage - Google Patents
Harmless treatment method for household kitchen garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN113617802A CN113617802A CN202110929967.8A CN202110929967A CN113617802A CN 113617802 A CN113617802 A CN 113617802A CN 202110929967 A CN202110929967 A CN 202110929967A CN 113617802 A CN113617802 A CN 113617802A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/107—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a harmless treatment method of household kitchen garbage, which comprises the following steps: (1) breaking bags of the kitchen garbage, screening, removing ferromagnetic impurities from the obtained residues through magnetic separation, and shaking the residues through a bounce screen to obtain heavy rolling materials, light flat materials and undersize materials; (2) feeding the material into an eddy current separator to separate non-magnetic conductor metals, and recycling the screened materials; (3) feeding the materials into a mixing bin, extruding, crushing and pulping, and pumping the obtained pulp into an anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation; (4) separating the products after anaerobic fermentation into biogas, biogas slurry and solid organic materials by a three-phase separator. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively reduce the generation of waste gas and odor in the kitchen garbage treatment process, thoroughly screen out undecomposed substances in the kitchen garbage by using a multi-separation pretreatment system, carry out microbial anaerobic treatment after fine pulping, and reasonably utilize the products as resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and relates to a harmless treatment method of household kitchen garbage.
Background
With the implementation of garbage classification policy, the amount of separated kitchen garbage is greatly increased. The kitchen waste has high water content, poor dehydration performance, low heat value, high temperature and easy corrosion, is easy to breed germs, and is difficult to properly treat by conventional landfill and incineration. On the other hand, the kitchen waste is rich in organic matter content and has a wide resource utilization prospect. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the kitchen waste.
At present, kitchen waste and the like are used as wet waste, and the main treatment and disposal methods comprise the steps of mixing the kitchen waste and the kitchen waste with household waste, entering a landfill and incineration system, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation and the like. The kitchen waste is treated in a landfill mode, so that a large amount of storage capacity of a landfill site is occupied, and the environment of the landfill site is possibly damaged; the water content of the kitchen waste is very high, and the combustion heat value is low, so that the kitchen waste is not suitable for incineration treatment; the aerobic compost is easy to generate secondary pollution problems such as stink and the like. The invention is also based on this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a household kitchen garbage harmless treatment method to realize 'harmlessness, reduction, recycling' and the like of organic garbage treatment such as kitchen garbage.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a harmless treatment method for household kitchen garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) breaking bags of the kitchen garbage, screening, removing ferromagnetic impurities from the obtained residues through magnetic separation, and shaking the residues through a bounce screen to obtain heavy rolling materials, light flat materials and undersize materials;
(2) the heavy rolling material is sent into an eddy current separator to be screened out non-magnetic conductor metal, and the screened out material is recycled;
(3) delivering the undersize materials screened by the eddy current sorting machine in the step (2) into a mixing bin, extruding, crushing and pulping, and pumping the obtained pulp into an anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation;
(4) separating the product after anaerobic fermentation into biogas, biogas slurry and solid organic materials by a three-phase separator, wherein the biogas is purified and recycled, the biogas slurry is processed into biogas liquid fertilizer or is treated by a sewage treatment system to reach the standard and then is discharged, and the solid organic materials are dehydrated, purified and screened for resource utilization.
Further, in the step (1), before bag breaking and screening, the kitchen waste is collected and sent into a storage pit or a buffer pool, and a microbial inoculum adding port is arranged at an inlet of the storage pit or the buffer pool.
Furthermore, in the step (1), a compound microbial agent containing bacillus, pseudomonas and yeast is added into the microbial agent adding port.
Further, in the step (1), the size of the sieve hole in the sieving process is 50-70 mm.
Further, in the step (1), the size of the mesh of the bouncing screen is 30-50 mm.
Further, in the step (3), the process conditions of anaerobic fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 34-37 deg.C, the fermentation time is 26-30 days, and the initial pH is 7).
Further, in the step (4), the biogas purification process specifically comprises: adopts a two-stage desulfurization process of serial wet biological desulfurization and dry desulfurization, wherein, a composite process of alkali liquor spraying and reaction recovery of regenerants is adopted in the wet biological desulfurization process, and used alkaline solution (comprising tannin extract 11g/L, NaVO) is sprayed in the alkali liquor spraying process36.5g/L、Na2CO310.0g/L and NaHCO350.0 g/L; wherein the ratio of colloid to vanadium is generally 1.1-1.3) and the spraying amount is 60-70m3/m2H, in the biological reaction recovery process, desulfurization bacteria are added, preferably thiobacillus thioparus, the salinity of the reaction solution used in the biological reaction is 2-3%, the temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the DO concentration is 1.5-2 mg.L-1The ORP value in the reaction system is kept between-390 mV and-410 mV;
in the dry desulfurization process, the dry desulfurizing agent is ferric oxide, the particle size of the dry desulfurizing agent is 5-6 mm, and the bulk density of the dry desulfurizing agent is 0.7-0.8 kg/m3。
Further, in the step (4), the solid organic material is dehydrated, subjected to impurity removal and screening, and then is continuously subjected to aerobic fermentation treatment.
Furthermore, in the step (4), the specific process of the aerobic fermentation treatment is as follows:
mixing the dehydrated, impurity-removed and screened solid organic material with crop straws or agricultural wastes according to the mass ratio of 1-4: 1, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30 and the water content to 50-65%, inoculating a fermentation microbial inoculum according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, making the obtained mixed raw material into a stack for fermentation, turning and throwing every 1-3 days in the fermentation process, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 60-70 ℃ and the fermentation period to be 20-25 days. Preferably, the agricultural waste is generally mushroom dregs, vinasse, rice chaff, tobacco stems and the like. When the solid organic material is mixed with the crop straws and the like, the crop straw powder is firstly mixed with water to be less than 10 cm. In addition, the fermentation bacteria agent can be selected from high-temperature organic material fermentation bacteria agent-Lvkang source, which is purchased from Shandong Gaolong Biotech Co.
Compared with the prior art, the household kitchen waste harmless treatment method can effectively reduce the generation of waste gas and odor in the kitchen waste treatment process, thoroughly screen out undecomposed substances in the kitchen waste by using a multi-separation pretreatment system, perform microbial anaerobic treatment after fine pulping, and reasonably recycle all products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the following examples, the complex microbial agent is a complex microbial agent containing bacillus, pseudomonas and yeast, and is purchased from shandong gaolong biotechnology limited-Yishengkang (biological deodorant); the fermentation bacteria agent (purchased from Shandong Gaolong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., high temperature type organic material fermentation bacteria agent-Lvkangyuan; the baking desulfurizer manufacturer is Chengdu Chuanfeng chemical engineering Co., Ltd., the desulfurization bacteria purchased from Ningbo boat Biotechnology Co., Ltd., number DSM 4194).
The remainder, unless specifically stated, are intended to refer to the starting materials, reagents, processing techniques, or functional components that are conventional in the art, commercially available, materials, processing techniques, or conventional component structures employed to perform the corresponding functions.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for harmless treatment of household kitchen waste described in this embodiment includes the following specific steps:
(1) putting the collected kitchen waste into a storage pit or a buffer tank, wherein a bacterium curtain is arranged at an inlet of the storage pit or the buffer tank and used for adding a compound microbial agent into the kitchen waste, the adding amount of the compound microbial agent is 5 wt%, then conveying the kitchen waste to a primary treatment system by a conveying system, breaking bags and screening (the size of a sieve pore is 60mm), removing most of impurities such as plastics, bamboo wood, glass, sand and stone, and the like, and allowing the remainder to enter the next process;
(2) removing ferromagnetic impurities from the materials sequentially through a magnetic separation system; through the bouncing sieve (the sieve pore size is about 40 mm), the materials on the sieve plate are shaken and dispersed into heavy and rolling materials (such as wood, cans, bottles and the like), light and flat materials (such as films, paper and the like) and undersize materials (sand, stone and the like), so that the subsequent process treatment is facilitated.
(3) Separating the heavy rolling material by an eddy current separator to obtain non-magnetic conductor metals such as copper, aluminum and the like, wherein the screened material can be recycled;
(4) the undersize materials of the eddy current separator are sent into a mixing bin and crushed by screw extrusion equipment to prepare pulp;
(5) conveying the slurry to a buffer storage tank, and pumping the slurry into a fermentation reactor from the buffer storage tank for anaerobic fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 34-37 ℃ for 26-30 days, wherein the initial pH is 7;
the fermentation reactor is horizontal, multi-section stirring, plug flow type feeding and vacuum discharging, so that the energy consumption is relatively low; the TS (solid content) of the material (namely the slurry obtained by screw extrusion) is 15 percent, and d is less than or equal to 60 mm.
(6) The biogas, the sewage and the organic materials are respectively separated by a three-phase separator on the anaerobic reactor. Recycling the biogas through a purification system; the biogas slurry enters a sewage treatment system to be discharged after reaching the standard or part of the biogas slurry is processed into biogas slurry fertilizer; and dehydrating the solid organic material by using a spiral extrusion dehydration device, removing impurities by using a double-shaft separator, and screening to realize resource utilization.
(7) The resource utilization process of the solid organic materials comprises the following steps: and the aerobic fermentation and the material decomposition are completed by adopting a strip-stack composting mode together with crop straws (crushed) or other agricultural wastes (mushroom dregs, vinasse, rice chaff and the like). Mixing the residues and crushed crop straws (the length is shorter and easier to be decomposed and the length is 1-5cm is suitable) according to a certain proportion (the specific proportion is flexible and mainly depends on the local raw material collection condition; generally, straw raw materials are required to be smashed in advance during fermentation, and the fermentation period may be prolonged when the proportion of the straws is high; other local excellent wastes can be used as raw materials, such as mushroom dregs, tobacco stems, rice chaff and the like, the proportion of straws and material dregs can be adjusted to be 2:1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content are adjusted to be in a proper range (the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30, the water content is 50-65%) by spraying amino acid acidolysis solution, ammonium sulfate solution and the like, meanwhile, a zymogen (purchased from Shandong Gaolong biological technology limited company, a high-temperature organic material zymogen-Lvkang source) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, the mixed raw materials are made into a strip stack with the length of 50 meters, the width of about 2.8 meters and the height of about 1.5 meters, a turner is used for turning and throwing every 2 days in the fermentation process, the temperature is controlled to be 65 ℃, and the fermentation period is 22 days. Preparing the organic matrix and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for greening.
The purification process of the biogas specifically comprises the following steps: adopts a two-stage desulfurization process of wet biological desulfurization and dry desulfurization in series, wherein, a composite process of alkali liquor spraying and reaction recovery of regenerants is adopted in the wet biological desulfurization process, and the used alkaline solution (the main component is tannin extract 11g/L, NaVO)3 6.5g/L、Na2CO310.0g/L and NaHCO350.0 g/L; wherein the ratio of the rubber to the vanadium is generally 1.1-1.3) and the spraying amount is 65m3/m2H or so, adding desulfurization bacteria, preferably thiobacillus thioparus in the biological reaction recovery process, wherein the salinity of a reaction solution used for the biological reaction is about 2-3%, the temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the DO concentration is 1.5-2 mg.L-1The ORP value in the reaction system is kept at about-400 mV;
in the dry desulfurizing process, the dry desulfurizing agent is ferric oxide and its granuleThe size is 5-6 mm, and the bulk density is 0.7-0.8 kg/m3(ii) a A fan: a centrifugal exhaust fan is adopted and horizontally installed, and the wind pressure is about 15 Kpa.
Comparative example 1:
compared with the embodiment 1, the method is mostly the same, and a dry desulfurization process in the biogas purification process is omitted (at an exhaust outlet, the biogas is led back to a deodorization system through a collection hose).
The deodorizing effect was compared as follows: (unit: kg/h)
Comparative example 2:
compared with the embodiment 1, the method is mostly the same, except that a bouncing screen process is omitted. The impurity rate of the slurry entering the tank is high, and the anaerobic fermentation effect is influenced.
Comparative example 3:
compared with the embodiment 1, the method is mostly the same except that (5) the slurry is conveyed to a buffer storage tank and is pumped into a fermentation reactor from the buffer storage tank for anaerobic fermentation; the material TS (solid content) in the tank is 30 percent, and d is less than or equal to 50 mm. The solid content of the slurry entering the tank is high, and the anaerobic fermentation effect is influenced.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A harmless treatment method of household kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) breaking bags of the kitchen garbage, screening, removing ferromagnetic impurities from the obtained residues through magnetic separation, and shaking the residues through a bounce screen to obtain heavy rolling materials, light flat materials and undersize materials;
(2) the heavy rolling material is sent into an eddy current separator to be screened out non-magnetic conductor metal, and the screened out material is recycled;
(3) delivering the undersize materials screened by the eddy current sorting machine in the step (2) into a mixing bin, extruding, crushing and pulping, and pumping the obtained pulp into an anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation;
(4) separating the product after anaerobic fermentation into biogas, biogas slurry and solid organic materials by a three-phase separator, wherein the biogas is purified and recycled, the biogas slurry is processed into biogas liquid fertilizer or is treated by a sewage treatment system to reach the standard and then is discharged, and the solid organic materials are dehydrated, purified and screened for resource utilization.
2. The method for harmless treatment of household kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the kitchen waste is collected and fed into a storage pit or a buffer pool before bag breaking and screening, and a microbial inoculum adding port is arranged at an inlet of the storage pit or the buffer pool.
3. The method for harmless disposal of household kitchen waste according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), the microbial inoculum is added with a composite microbial inoculum comprising bacillus, pseudomonas and yeast.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the size of the mesh during the sieving process is 50-70 mm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the size of the mesh of the bouncing screen is 30-50 mm.
6. The harmless treatment method of household kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), the process conditions of anaerobic fermentation are as follows: the fermentation temperature is 34-37 deg.C, the fermentation time is 26-30 days, and the initial pH is 7.
7. The harmless treatment method of household kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the biogas purification process specifically comprises: a two-stage desulfurization process of wet biological desulfurization and dry desulfurization in series is adopted, wherein a composite process of alkali liquor spraying and regenerant reaction recovery is adopted in the wet biological desulfurization process, and the spraying amount of the alkali solution used for spraying is 60-70m in the alkali liquor spraying process3/m2H, adding desulfurization bacteria in the biological reaction recovery process, wherein the salinity of the reaction solution used in the biological reaction is 2-3%, the temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the DO concentration is 1.5-2 mg.L-1The ORP value in the reaction system is kept between-390 mV and-410 mV;
in the dry desulfurization process, the dry desulfurizing agent is ferric oxide, the particle size of the dry desulfurizing agent is 5-6 mm, and the bulk density of the dry desulfurizing agent is 0.7-0.8 kg/m3。
8. The harmless treatment method of household kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the solid organic material is dehydrated, purified and screened, and then is continuously subjected to aerobic fermentation treatment.
9. The method for harmless treatment of household kitchen waste according to claim 8, wherein in the step (4), the aerobic fermentation treatment comprises the following specific processes:
mixing the dehydrated, impurity-removed and screened solid organic material with crop straws or agricultural wastes according to the mass ratio of 1-4: 1, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30 and the water content to 50-65%, inoculating a fermentation microbial inoculum according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and preparing the obtained mixed raw material into a stack for fermentation.
10. The method for harmless treatment of household kitchen waste according to claim 9, wherein in the process of making the strip pile fermentation, the strip pile is turned and thrown every 1-3 days, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 60-70 ℃, and the fermentation period is controlled to be 20-25 days.
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| DE3545679A1 (en) * | 1985-12-21 | 1987-06-25 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF THE ORGANIC HOUSEHOLD FACTION |
| CN103205296A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-07-17 | 河南天冠工业沼气有限公司 | Wet method and dry method series-connected biogas desulfurization purifying process |
| CN110252763A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | A kind of rubbish from cooking dry type anaerobic fermentation system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3545679A1 (en) * | 1985-12-21 | 1987-06-25 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF THE ORGANIC HOUSEHOLD FACTION |
| CN103205296A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-07-17 | 河南天冠工业沼气有限公司 | Wet method and dry method series-connected biogas desulfurization purifying process |
| CN110252763A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-20 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | A kind of rubbish from cooking dry type anaerobic fermentation system |
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