CN113575576B - 一种铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂 - Google Patents
一种铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂，属于昆虫防治技术领域，该引诱剂为核壳结构，包括外壳层和内核层；所述内核层被分成两部分，两部分被隔开，第一部分包括：甲基丁香酚、β‑紫罗兰醇、香草醇、红糖、香叶烯、乙醇、穿心莲内酯、橙花醇、苯乙酸卞酯、顺‑3‑己烯戊醇以及4‑甲基伞酮‑β‑D半乳糖苷，第二部分为β‑半乳糖苷酶；所述外壳层为明胶，本发明引诱剂具有很强的诱捕铜绿丽金龟能力，稳定性好，专一性强，且不会使铜绿丽金龟产生抗性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及昆虫防治技术领域，特别是涉及一种铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂。
背景技术
地下害虫是国内外公认的难以预测和防治的重大害虫，主要为害农作物幼苗、根系及块茎等口。蛴螬为鞘翅目金龟甲总科幼虫的统称，是地下害虫中最大的类群，也是造成损失最大、危害最重的种类。金龟甲幼虫与成虫均能造成严重危害，幼虫主要取食多种作物的地下根茎及荚果，造成作物枯萎死亡；而成虫则取食农作物、果树和林木等叶片，导致芽残叶破，甚至光枝秃秆，严重影响农产品的品质与产量。据调查统计，植物地下部分受害有86％是由金龟甲幼虫为害造成的，目前化学药剂是防治金龟甲的主要手段，其中以防治幼虫为主。成虫昼伏夜出、适应性强。成虫出土时间比较集中，尤其在雨后呈爆发式危害，如防治不及时，在短时间内极易造成果树、林木叶片缺刻和孔洞，严重时仅残留叶脉和叶柄，甚至光枝秃杆，对新栽苹果、核桃、樱桃等果树幼苗危害更加严重。
为害农作物的金龟甲种类有10多种，种类因地而异，主要有丽金龟和鳃金龟两类。其中铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta、华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita、暗黑鳃金龟H.parallela是为害花生的优势种群，尤以铜绿丽金龟的发生量最大、为害最严重。近年来，由于全球气候变暖、农业种植制度(免耕浅耕技术、轮作制度、单粒播种、覆膜种植等)以及生态环境治理力度加大(环境绿化、退耕还林等)等，为蛴螬提供了隐蔽的繁殖场所及有利的取食、栖息场所，造成虫源积累量大，导致蛴螬的为害呈逐年加重趋势。
过去主要依赖持效期长的化学药剂进行防治，而目前生产上应用的杀虫剂多为残效期短的农药，采用土壤处理、药剂拌种等传统施药方法防治秋季作物的蛴螬危害很难取得理想效果。随着一些高毒和高残留农药(有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类等)的限用与禁用，当前很多药剂对蛴螬的防治效果都不理想。同时，土壤也会受到不同程度的永久性或半永久性污染，继而引发农产品质量安全问题。因此，探讨对地下害虫成虫的诱杀等行为调控措施，成为控制地下害虫为害与农药残留的重要手段之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种专用于铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂，提高对铜绿丽金龟的引诱效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供一种铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂，该引诱剂为核壳结构，包括外壳层和内核层；所述内核层被分成两部分，两部分被隔开，第一部分包括：甲基丁香酚、β-紫罗兰醇、香草醇、红糖、香叶烯、乙醇、穿心莲内酯、橙花醇、苯乙酸卞酯、顺-3-己烯戊醇以及4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷，第二部分为β-半乳糖苷酶；所述外壳层为明胶。
进一步地，所述内核层原料按照重量份数计，第一部分包括以下成分：甲基丁香酚1.8-4.5份、β-紫罗兰醇3.1-5.8份、香草醇1.5-3.5份、红糖1-5份、香叶烯10-15份、乙醇40-60份、穿心莲内酯0.5-3.7份、橙花醇2.6-4.8份、苯乙酸卞酯1-5份、顺-3-己烯戊醇1-5份以及4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷2.5-16份，第二部分为β-半乳糖苷酶2-15份。
进一步地，所述外壳层按照重量份数计，为明胶35-45份。
本发明还提供所述的引诱剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按质量份数称取内核层第一部分各原料后，将各原料混合均匀，加入明胶造粒，干燥，明胶除了可以造粒外，最重要的是使第一部分外表面包覆一层明胶层，在步骤(2)用明胶包覆内核层的第一部分和第二部分的时候，第一部分和第二部分被分隔开，不发生反应；
(2)用明胶包覆内核层的第一部分和第二部分制备外壳层，造粒，干燥。
本发明中的引诱剂为核壳结构，包括内核层和外壳层，其中内核层包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分被明胶包覆，保证第一部分和第二部分分隔开，然后再用透明的明胶包覆内核层形成外壳层，保证在储藏、运输过程中内核层的第一部分和第二部分不发生反应，方便携带。在使用时，将引诱剂与芽孢杆菌混合，由于芽孢杆菌能够降解明胶，明胶被降解，第一部分的4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷与第二部分的β-半乳糖苷酶接触后，受β-半乳糖苷酶作用后分解成高强度荧光物质4-甲基伞形酮，发出荧光，激发光波长为360nm，发射光波长为450nm，该光谱可以诱导铜绿丽金龟。另外，其中的甲基丁香酚、β-紫罗兰醇、香草醇、红糖、香叶烯、乙醇、穿心莲内酯、橙花醇、苯乙酸卞酯、顺-3-己烯戊醇也可以挥发出来，引诱铜绿丽金龟。
本发明公开了以下技术效果：
本发明复配添加甲基丁香酚、β-紫罗兰醇、香草醇、红糖、香叶烯、乙醇、穿心莲内酯、橙花醇、苯乙酸卞酯、顺-3-己烯戊醇、4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷和β-半乳糖苷酶，在使用时，将引诱剂与芽孢杆菌混合，明胶被降解，可以凭借独特的气味引诱铜绿丽金龟，第一部分的4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷与第二部分的β-半乳糖苷酶接触后，受β-半乳糖苷酶作用后分解成高强度荧光物质4-甲基伞形酮，发出荧光，具有很强的诱捕铜绿丽金龟能力，稳定性好，专一性强，且不会使铜绿丽金龟产生抗性。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式，该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制，而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式，并非用于限制本发明。另外，对于本发明中的数值范围，应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明，否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料，但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入，用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时，以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下，可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。
本发明实施例中各材料、组分以及菌均为通过商业途径购买得到。
本发明的造粒方法为常规技术手段，且并非本发明重点，在此不做赘述。
实施例
铜绿丽金龟引诱试验于2021年6月1日至6月30日在贵州省贵阳市开展，试验前将各原料按比例混合均匀后装入同样规格的透明塑料瓶然后固定在诱捕器中，试验组设计6组配方(实施例1-6，详见表1)以及对照组1(波长为400nm的LED灯)、对照组2(糖醋液，白糖、醋、白酒、水质量比为3:4:1:2)与对照组3(只加实施例1的引诱剂，不加苏云金芽孢杆菌)，将实施例1-6的引诱剂与苏云金芽孢杆菌混合后(实施例1-5苏云金芽孢杆菌占引诱剂总质量的10％，实施例6苏云金芽孢杆菌占引诱剂总质量的5％)，放入透明塑料瓶中，每个试验组和对照组均重复设置3个诱捕器且随机分布，每个诱捕器的离地高度为1.5-2m，间隔距离为80-90m，每隔10天统计并记录一次每个诱捕器诱捕的昆虫数量和种类。
实施例1-6的引诱剂为核壳结构，包括外壳层和内核层；所述内核层被分成两部分，两部分被隔开，第一部分包括：甲基丁香酚、β-紫罗兰醇、香草醇、红糖、香叶烯、乙醇、穿心莲内酯、橙花醇、苯乙酸卞酯、顺-3-己烯戊醇以及4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷，第二部分为β-半乳糖苷酶；外壳层为明胶。
实施例1-6的引诱剂的制备方法如下：
(1)将各原料混合均匀，加入明胶造粒，干燥，使第一部分外表面包覆一层明胶层；
(2)用明胶包覆内核层的第一部分和第二部分制备外壳层，造粒，干燥。
实施例1-6的引诱剂具体组成见表1。
表1
各组诱捕试验结果见表2。
表2
由表2可知，芽孢杆菌用量少时，诱捕速度较慢，周期较长，用量较多时，诱捕速度快，周期短。本发明的引诱剂可以专一性引诱铜绿丽金龟，对其他鞘翅目昆虫诱捕效果较差。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种铜绿丽金龟的引诱剂，其特征在于，该引诱剂为核壳结构，包括外壳层和内核层；所述内核层被分成两部分，两部分被分隔开，第一部分包括：甲基丁香酚、β-紫罗兰醇、香草醇、红糖、香叶烯、乙醇、穿心莲内酯、橙花醇、苯乙酸卞酯、顺-3-己烯戊醇以及4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷，第二部分为β-半乳糖苷酶；所述外壳层为明胶；
所述内核层原料按照重量份数计，第一部分包括以下成分：甲基丁香酚1.8-4.5份、β-紫罗兰醇3.1-5.8份、香草醇1.5-3.5份、红糖1-5份、香叶烯10-15份、乙醇40-60份、穿心莲内酯0.5-3.7份、橙花醇2.6-4.8份、苯乙酸卞酯1-5份、顺-3-己烯戊醇1-5份以及4-甲基伞酮-β-D半乳糖苷2.5-16份，第二部分为β-半乳糖苷酶2-15份；
所述外壳层按照重量份数计，为明胶35-45份；
所述引诱剂还包括苏云金芽孢杆菌，占引诱剂总质量的5％。
2.一种权利要求1所述的引诱剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)按质量份数称取内核层第一部分各原料后，将各原料混合均匀，加入明胶造粒，干燥；
(2)用明胶包覆内核层的第一部分和第二部分制备外壳层，造粒，干燥。
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