Calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical materials, and relates to a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The importance of bone is self evident as one of the most important tissues of the human body. In recent years, under the influence of multiple factors, the bone defect cases are highly innovative and become one of the most important diseases endangering human health. Human bone tissue has some self-healing capabilities, but for bone defects above a critical value, appropriate bone fillers must be used in conjunction with the treatment. The traditional bone repair means comprises autologous bone transplantation and allogeneic bone transplantation, but the autologous bone transplantation has the problems of secondary damage and limited bone source, while the allogeneic bone transplantation has the risks of human rejection and disease transmission. Based on the defects of the traditional repair means, the artificial bone repair material becomes the focus of attention, and researchers are dedicated to preparing a novel bone repair material with certain mechanical property, good biocompatibility, proper degradability, good bone conduction and bone inductivity, so that the formation of new bones is promoted while bone defects are filled.
Calcium silicate, as one of the bioceramic materials, has good bioactivity and biodegradability. Calcium and silicon ions released by dissolution of the calcium silicate ceramic can effectively promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and the generation of new blood vessels. The simulated body fluid soaking experiment shows that the calcium silicate ceramic can induce the formation of the bone-like hydroxyapatite layer to form firm bonding with host bone tissues, and the induced deposition rate is faster than that of most bioactive glass and biological ceramic. Cell culture experiments show that the mesenchymal stem cells can be adhered, proliferated and differentiated on the surface of the calcium silicate ceramic, and the cell culture experiments show that the mesenchymal stem cells have good biocompatibility. In-vivo repair experiments, the calcium silicate ceramic shows good osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, and can effectively promote the generation of new bone tissues. Although the advantages of calcium silicate ceramics are evident, poor mechanical properties and excessively fast degradation rates remain obstacles for their clinical use.
Magnesium (Mg)2+) Is one of the essential elements of the human body, and is mainly distributed in bones and teeth. Magnesium, a very important trace element in the human body, is also closely related to muscle, bone, heart and nerve functions. Magnesium ions play a key role in bone metabolism, and can promote the growth of bone tissues by influencing the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and researchers find that the addition of magnesium elements into bone repair materials can effectively promote the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. Meanwhile, researches prove that magnesium ions can promote the generation of blood vessels by increasing the expression of angioblasts and maintaining the functions of endothelial cells. Based on the excellent properties of magnesium ions and silicate-based bioceramics, researchers consider magnesium silicate as a bone repair material. The magnesium silicate material is simple to prepare, has good bioactivity and biocompatibility, excellent bone activity and vasoactivity promoting effect, has great advantages in a drug delivery system due to large specific surface area and pore volume, and has good application prospects in treatment of bone defects and other orthopedic diseases.
3D printing is one of additive manufacturing technologies, and a bone repair support with a specific complex structure can be rapidly prepared according to the requirements of a bone defect patient. In addition to the requirement of a scaffold with mechanical strength, good biocompatibility and appropriate degradation rate for therapeutic purposes, the porous structure in the scaffold plays a crucial role in bone repair. The mutually communicated porous structures are beneficial to the proliferation and migration of osteoblasts and promote the rapid growth of blood vessels. Although the traditional manufacturing methods, such as a gas foaming method, a pore-forming agent method, freezing and the like, can also manufacture the bone repair scaffold with a porous structure, the development of the bone repair scaffold in the field of bone repair is limited by the defects of non-through pore channels, non-controllable pore channel size and the like. Thus, the 3D printing technology has been a hot point of research by virtue of its irreplaceable advantages in terms of production speed, precision and humanized medical treatment, and it is believed that the technology will gradually mature as the science of biological materials develops and the processing technology is perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method can realize the design of a porous structure, and the prepared scaffold has certain bioactivity and degradability, can be applied to bone tissue engineering, and can be used as a bone filler, a bone repair material or a scaffold for in vitro cell culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant comprises the following steps:
step 1, slurry preparation: uniformly mixing calcium silicate and magnesium silicate ceramic powder with photosensitive resin and a dispersing agent in a mass ratio of 5-95: 95-5 under a vacuum condition to obtain ceramic slurry;
step 2, preparing a blank: drawing a three-dimensional porous structure, storing in a format of STL, introducing the model into a photocuring printer, adding the slurry obtained in the step 1, and curing layer by layer to obtain a three-dimensional porous blank;
step 3, degreasing and sintering: degreasing the blank obtained in the step 2 at 100-450 ℃, and sintering the degreased blank at 750-900 ℃ to finally obtain a porous ceramic implant matrix;
step 4, coating preparation: putting polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water, heating and keeping the temperature at 70-90 ℃, stirring while heating until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely melted, then putting polycaprolactone powder into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring until the polycaprolactone powder is completely melted;
step 5, surface adhesion: and (4) putting the stent obtained in the step (3) into the hot solution obtained in the step (4), fully soaking, and then quickly centrifuging the implant at the rotating speed of 400-2000 rpm for 3-15 min to finally obtain the calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone implant.
In the above steps, the particle size of the calcium silicate and magnesium silicate ceramic powder selected in step 1 is 50nm to 300 μm, the magnesium silicate ceramic is at least one of calcium silicate, calcium silicate trihydrate or calcium trisilicate, the photosensitive resin is acrylic resin, the dispersing agent is at least one of sodium polyacrylate or polyethylene glycol, and the content of each component is, based on 100 parts by total mass of the ceramic slurry: 35-85 parts of mixed ceramic powder of calcium silicate and magnesium silicate ceramic powder, 15-65 parts of photosensitive resin and 1-3 parts of dispersing agent, wherein the uniform mixing under the vacuum condition is vacuum stirring mixing, the rotating speed of the vacuum stirring is 500-1500rpm, and the working time is 5-30 min;
the degreasing process parameters in the step 3 are as follows: heating to 100-120 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3 hours, continuously heating to 350-450 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, then continuously heating to 750-900 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 hours, finally cooling to room temperature, and controlling the heating rate at 0.2-1.5 ℃/min; the sintering process parameters comprise that the temperature is increased to 900-1000 ℃ and is kept for 2 hours, then the temperature is increased to 1325 ℃ and is kept for 1 hour, then the temperature is reduced to 900-1050 ℃ and is kept for 1-3 hours, finally the furnace is cooled to room temperature, in the whole heating process, the temperature increasing rate is controlled to be 0.5-2 ℃/min, and the temperature reducing rate is controlled to be 1-2 ℃/min.
In the step 4, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the deionized water to the polycaprolactone is 10-40: 80-30: 10-30; the particle size of the polycaprolactone powder is 100-500 microns.
A calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant is characterized in that a substrate of the implant is a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate three-dimensional porous scaffold, a biocompatible organic coating is adhered to the surface of the scaffold, and the organic coating fills a microporous structure on the surface of the biological bone filler.
The calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant is applied to bone tissue engineering as a bone filler, a bone repair material or a scaffold for in vitro cell culture.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant and a preparation method and application thereof, the biological bone porous implant is prepared by using a photocuring 3D printing method, compared with a porous structure prepared by a traditional method, the parametric design of the porous structure can be realized by using a 3D printing technology, and the size, porosity and shape of a through hole are controllable; the organic coating is adhered to the surface of the stent, the polyvinyl alcohol and the polycaprolactone contained in the organic coating have good biocompatibility, and the organic coating can fill the microporous structure on the surface of the biological bone implant, so that the mechanical strength of the bone implant is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 3D model of a porous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the state of co-culture of prepared calcium/magnesium silicate porous implants and MC3T3-E1 cells in accordance with an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of optical density values after 1, 4, and 7 days of co-culture using MC3T3-E1 cells and a calcium/magnesium silicate porous implant in accordance with an example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of a compression test conducted on a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate bio-bone porous implant in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a microscopic topography of a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate porous implant using a scanning electron microscope in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing a calcium silicate/magnesium silicate bio-bone porous implant comprises the following steps:
step 1, slurry preparation: mixing 80g of calcium silicate and 20g of magnesium silicate ceramic powder, adding 70g of photosensitive resin and 4g of dispersing agent, and adding the mixture into a vacuum stirrer to work for 20min at the rotating speed of 1200rpm to obtain mixed ceramic slurry;
step 2, preparing a blank: drawing the three-dimensional porous structure shown in the figure 2 by using magics software, storing the three-dimensional porous structure in a format of STL, then introducing the model into a photocuring printer, setting the exposure time to be 10 seconds, and the printing layer thickness to be 0.05mm, then adding the slurry obtained in the step 1, and finally curing layer by layer to obtain a three-dimensional porous blank;
step 3, degreasing and sintering: putting the blank obtained in the step 2 into a tubular degreasing furnace for degreasing, wherein the degreasing temperature parameter is 100 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 hours, 400 ℃ is kept for 3 hours, 850 ℃ is kept for 4 hours, and the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/min; then putting the degreased blank into a muffle furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature parameter is 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 hour at 1325 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours at 1050 ℃, finally cooling the furnace to room temperature, and the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/min in the whole process, thus finally obtaining the porous ceramic implant substrate;
step 4, coating preparation: adding 30g of polyvinyl alcohol into 100g of deionized water, heating to 80 ℃, stirring while heating until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely melted, then adding 20g of polycaprolactone powder with the particle size of 500 mu m into the solution, and continuously heating and stirring until the polycaprolactone powder is completely melted;
step 5, surface adhesion: and (4) putting the stent obtained in the step (3) into the hot solution obtained in the step (4), sufficiently infiltrating, and quickly centrifuging for 5 minutes at the rotating speed of 600rpm by using a centrifuge to finally obtain the calcium silicate/magnesium silicate bio-bone implant.
The porous bone implant obtained in example 1 was subjected to a cell proliferation experiment to examine the effect of the biological bone implant on cell proliferation.
Cell proliferation assay: CCK-8 was used to test the activity of the cells, indirectly indicating the effect of the porous bioimplantate on cell proliferation. The implants tested were autoclaved and then placed in 24-well plates, each plate being inoculated with 1ml of 10 concentration4The cell suspension of each ml is then placed in a carbon dioxide incubator for 1, 4 and 7 days respectively, and the culture medium is replaced every 2 days during the re-culture process. After the culture is completed, a culture medium containing 10% of CCK-8 is added into each wellThen, the cells were incubated for 2 hours and transferred to a 96-well plate, and the optical density was measured at a wavelength of 450nm using a microplate reader, and the results are shown in FIG. 3.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in fig. 4, which is a graph of the growth state of cells when the scaffold and the cells are co-cultured, wherein black shading is a bio-bone implant, it is apparent that the growth state of the cells is good. Furthermore, the results obtained from fig. 3 show that the experimental group containing the prosthetic implant has higher values of optical density compared to the experimental group without the prosthetic implant added, which indicates that the bone prosthetic implant has good biocompatibility.
Mechanical performance test of calcium silicate/magnesium silicate biological bone porous implant
Performing a compression test on the biological bone implant, wherein the test object comprises: calcium silicate implants, calcium silicate/magnesium silicate implants, and the implants obtained in example 1, with organic coatings adhered to the surfaces thereof, were subjected to compression tests, and the results of the tests are shown in fig. 5.
The compression resistance test results are as follows: the compression strength of the calcium silicate/magnesium silicate implant is higher than that of the calcium silicate implant, and the compression strength of the implant with the organic substance coating adhered to the surface is the best, which shows that the surface adhered organic substance can fill micropores on the surface of the implant, and the compression strength of the implant is effectively improved.
Microscopic morphology of the implant obtained in example 1 was observed using a scanning electron microscope
As shown in fig. 6, which is a microscopic view of the surface of the implant by SEM, it can be seen that the organic coating adheres well to the surface of the implant and the surface has fewer pores and defects.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. It should be noted that any simple changes, equivalent substitutions and the like based on the present invention to achieve substantially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.