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CN113534282A - Lithology pair difference value-based fault activity frequency calculation method - Google Patents

Lithology pair difference value-based fault activity frequency calculation method Download PDF

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CN113534282A
CN113534282A CN202010308482.2A CN202010308482A CN113534282A CN 113534282 A CN113534282 A CN 113534282A CN 202010308482 A CN202010308482 A CN 202010308482A CN 113534282 A CN113534282 A CN 113534282A
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fault
lithology
activity
lithologic
pairs
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CN113534282B (en
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罗霞
王宇
张云涛
韩宏伟
张云银
邹东波
孙兴刚
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Geophysical Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co
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Geophysical Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co
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Abstract

The invention discloses a lithology pair difference value-based fault activity frequency calculation method, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration. The method comprises the following steps: selecting drilling wells X1 and X2 of an ascending plate and a descending plate close to a fault, and selecting a marker layer statistical fault distance H; dividing lithologic combination of wells X1 and X2 in a target stratum into lithologic pairs with sandstone at the bottom and mudstone at the top, and counting the number of lithologic pairs of a fault rising disc and a fault falling disc and recording the number as S1 and S2; and (III) taking Z = H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is the fault activity, substituting the results of the steps (I) and (II) into the calculation formula, and obtaining a fault activity characterization result. According to the method, based on the lithology information of the drilling near fault, the characteristics of fault curtain type activities and the influence of the characteristics on the lithology development of the sedimentary strata are considered, the number of lithology pairs is used as the calculation basis of fault activity, the characteristics of multiple activities of the fault are more highlighted, and the fault activity evaluation result is closer to the reality.

Description

Lithology pair difference value-based fault activity frequency calculation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, and particularly relates to a lithology-pair difference-based fault activity frequency calculation method.
Background
The fault is a structure formed by that the earth crust is broken by stress, and rock blocks on two sides are obviously and relatively displaced along the broken surface. The fault activity directly influences the vertical distribution of oil gas in the reservoir period, so that the accurate study of the fault activity is beneficial to determining the spatial distribution range of the oil gas and provides beneficial reference for the next drilling distribution and control.
At present, researchers at home and abroad analyze fault activity by using different indexes, which mainly comprise fault distance, paleo-drop and fault activity rate. The indexes are only from the aspects of fault distance and deposition time of a target layer, the factors of the sequence are not considered, and the indexes are single in principle. Meanwhile, when the fault distance in the accumulation period is calculated, the default fault is one-time activity, and when the fault activity rate is calculated, the fault activity rate is the average rate of fault activity, namely the multiple times of fault activity are ignored, however, the current activity characteristic aiming at the fault is generally considered to be curtain type, namely the fault distance which can be observed or calculated is caused by the multiple times of fault activity.
Chinese patent CN104110243A discloses a method for developing adjacent small fault blocks by using a cross-fault-block horizontal well combination plane, which solves the problem of poor drilling economic benefit of a single residual oil enrichment area of a complex small fault block plane. The method comprises the following steps; step 1, defining geological features and structural features of a research area through fine geological research and structural interpretation; step 2, determining the form and position of a broken edge according to a broken edge depicting technology, judging the butt joint relation and the butt joint depth of two disks by using a graph splicing method and a layer position judging mode method, and determining the fall between target layers at two sides of a fault; step 3, analyzing the potential layer by layer and block by block, calculating and controlling the reserves and increasing the recoverable reserves, optimizing single small fault blocks and small-scale residual oil enrichment areas on the plane which are uneconomical to drill separately, and combining adjacent small fault block residual oil enrichment areas on the plane; step 4, optimally designing the plane positions, the vertical distance from the top and the horizontal section length of a plurality of target points of the horizontal well of the cross-over block; and step 5, tracking through the optimized marker layer and the three-dimensional geological model, carrying out on-site track tracking regulation, judging the drilling condition, determining the geological position of the drill bit, and ensuring that the horizontal well is successfully drilled to meet the target oil layer. Wherein: in the step 1, reservoir development characteristics, physical properties and oil-water distribution characteristics of a target horizon are determined through fine geological research; through fine structure interpretation, the structure characteristics of the target area and the combination characteristics of the fracture system are clear. In step 2, one fault is usually encountered by a multi-well drill, the dip angle of the fault is calculated according to the vertical depth of the breakpoint encountered by the multi-well drill, the width of each fault block is calculated according to the fault layer combination rule explained by earthquake, the form and the position of each fault edge are determined according to the well seismic mode combination technology, the butt joint relation and the butt joint depth of two disks are judged by using a graph splicing method and a layer position judging mode method, the fall between target layers on two sides of the fault is determined, and a basis is provided for optimizing a target point track. In step 3, factors such as applicable geological conditions and economic policy limits of the complex structure well are comprehensively considered, a single small fault block and a small-scale residual oil enrichment area on the plane are optimized, and the adjacent small fault block residual oil enrichment areas on the cross-fault horizontal well combination plane are selected. In step 4, calculating the width of a fault crack according to seismic data, optimally designing the position of a target point and the length of a horizontal section by combining geological structure characteristics of a target area, carrying out layer top prejudgment according to the data of the drilled horizontal well, calculating the structural depth of the designed top surface of the target point, and optimally designing the distance between the top position and the oil-water interface of each target point according to the rhythm, physical property characteristics and oil-water relation of a reservoir layer. In step 5, preferably selecting a mark layer to control track adjustment before target entering, formulating a risk plan, analyzing the conditions possibly encountered during drilling, formulating a countermeasure, mastering the site construction condition, applying the drilling track to a three-dimensional geological model, judging the drilling condition according to the prediction capability and the random updating capability of the model, determining the geological position of a drill bit, and ensuring that a horizontal well successfully drills a target oil layer.
The invention discloses a method for developing adjacent small fault blocks by using a combined plane of a cross-fault-block horizontal well, which combines the distribution of plane and longitudinal residual oil by analyzing potential block by block layer on the basis of fine reservoir description and residual oil analysis research, discriminates the butt joint relation and the butt joint depth of two disks by using a graph splicing method and a layer position discrimination mode method, determines the fall between target layers at two sides of a fault, provides a basis for target point design, performs field track tracking regulation and control by using a marker layer and a three-dimensional geological model, accurately judges the drilling condition, defines the geological position of a drill bit, and ensures that the horizontal well successfully drills the target oil layer.
However, the number of fault activity times is decisive for the vertical distribution of oil and gas, the fault activity frequency is high, the oil and gas are mainly distributed at the upper part of a reservoir stratum, the fault activity frequency is low, the oil and gas can be enriched in a multilayer system, and therefore the fault activity times are required to be considered in the characterization of the fault activity. If the fault is not developed, the lithological difference of the deposition of the upper and lower discs of the fault adjacent to the fault is small, after the fault moves, the number of deposits which can be deposited by the lower disc of the fault increases, the deposition environment changes, and the number of deposition cycles increases, namely, the movement of the fault is a main control factor for causing the difference of the number of deposition cycles of the upper and lower discs of the fault, so that the increase of the deposition cycles can reflect the movement of the fault, and the movement of the fault can be represented by using the change of the number of the deposition cycles.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the conventional fault activity method, the invention provides a fault activity frequency calculation method based on lithology pair difference, and fault activity can be quantitatively represented from the angle of deposition cycle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for calculating the fault activity frequency based on the lithology pair difference comprises the following steps: drilling lithology information based on the adjacent fault; analyzing the characteristics of fault curtain type activities and the influence of the fault curtain type activities on lithologic development of sedimentary strata; and taking the number of lithology pairs as the calculation basis of fault activity.
The lithology data is converted into lithology pairs of bottom sandstone and overlying mudstone.
The lithology data of the lithology clearing and stabilizing group of the fault raising tray drilling well and the fault lowering tray drilling well comprises well position, top depth, bottom depth and lithology.
The above scheme further comprises:
the lithology combination of sandstone and mudstone of the fracture ascending disc and the fracture descending disc in the stratum in the oil-bearing period is summarized into a lithology pair, and the occurrence times of the lithology pair are respectively summed and recorded as S1 and S2;
and taking Z as H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is fault activity, and H is fault distance, and characterizing the fault activity by using the calculation formula.
The above scheme further comprises:
selecting drilling wells X1 and X2 of an ascending plate and a descending plate close to a fault, and selecting a marker layer statistical fault distance H;
dividing lithologic combination of wells X1 and X2 in a target stratum into lithologic pairs with sandstone at the bottom and mudstone at the top, and counting the number of lithologic pairs of a fault rising disc and a fault falling disc and recording the number as S1 and S2;
and (III) taking Z as H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is the fault activity, and substituting the results of the steps (I) and (II) into the calculation formula to obtain a fault activity characterization result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the fault activity frequency calculation method provided by the invention, based on the lithology information of the drilling near fault, the characteristics of fault curtain type activity and the influence of the characteristics on the lithology development of the sedimentary strata are considered, the number of lithology pairs is used as the calculation basis of fault activity, compared with the traditional fault activity evaluation index, the characteristics of multiple activities of the fault are more highlighted, the fault activity evaluation result is closer to the reality, and a reference basis is provided for the next drilling layout control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating fault activity frequency based on lithology versus difference provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the relative geographical locations of a fault tray well X1 and a fault tray well X2 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows the geological principle and lithology pair calculation method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating a fault activity frequency based on a lithology-to-difference value, including the following steps:
(1) drilling a well by selecting a fault ascending disc and a fault descending disc close to the section, selecting a mark layer according to lithology information of the well to determine a fault distance, counting the lithology pair number in the stratum in the reservoir period, and calculating the fault activity by using a formula.
(2) In order to describe the quantitative evaluation method of fault activity provided by the embodiment of the invention in more detail, the following description is provided with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The method for calculating the fault activity frequency based on the lithology pair difference comprises the following steps:
selecting drilling wells X1 and X2 of an upper and a lower plate of an adjacent fault, and selecting a marker layer statistical fault distance H;
dividing lithologic combination of wells X1 and X2 in a target stratum into lithologic pairs with sandstone at the bottom and mudstone at the top, and counting the number of lithologic pairs on a fault and a subsidence plate as S1 and S2;
and (III) taking the formula Z which is H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, substituting the results of the steps (I) and (II) into the calculation formula, and obtaining a fault activity characterization result.
Example 2
The method for calculating the fault activity frequency based on the lithology pair difference comprises the following steps: drilling lithology information based on the adjacent fault; analyzing the characteristics of fault curtain type activities and the influence of the fault curtain type activities on lithologic development of sedimentary strata; and taking the number of lithology pairs as the calculation basis of fault activity.
The lithology data is converted into lithology pairs of bottom sandstone and overlying mudstone.
The lithology data of the lithology clearing and stabilizing group of the fault raising tray drilling well and the fault lowering tray drilling well comprises well position, top depth, bottom depth and lithology.
The lithology combination of sandstone and mudstone of the fracture ascending disc and the fracture descending disc in the stratum in the oil-bearing period is summarized into a lithology pair, and the occurrence times of the lithology pair are respectively summed and recorded as S1 and S2;
and taking Z as H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is fault activity, and H is fault distance, and characterizing the fault activity by using the calculation formula.
Exemplary application example 3
Use field of Chengjiang island stake sea area as research district, field of Chengjiang island stake sea area north faces the recess in the Bohai, and West connects field of Chengjiang north to cave in, and south adjacent solitary north-stake west is sunken, and east connects the yellow river mouth to cave in, and exploration area is about 400km 2. The main accumulation period of the research area is the deposition period of the Mingzhi group, the fault activity of the Mingzhi group is an important factor for restricting the vertical distribution of oil and gas in the area, so that the intensive research on the fault activity of the Mingzhi group is necessary, taking the fault layer F2 as an example in FIG. 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
selecting a field X1 well and a field X2 well on both sides of a fault F2, wherein the fault distance H is 30 m.
And (II) converting lithologic data in the Chengqing X1 well and the Chengqing X2 well in the stratum in the Chengcang period into lithologic pairs of bottom sandstone and overlying mudstone. By way of example, the geological principles and how lithology pairs are calculated are illustrated in FIG. 3. And if the fault is not active, the deposition environments of the fault ascending disc and the fault descending disc are consistent, and the lithology is not changed obviously. When the fault moves for the first time, the change of the number of lithology pairs is generated between the fault rising disc and the fault falling disc, the fault falling disc is one lithology pair more than the fault rising disc in the fault moving for the first time, the difference of the number of lithology pairs in the fault falling disc and the lithology pairs in the fault rising disc is three in the fault moving for the second time, namely, the change of two lithology pairs is caused in the fault moving for the second time. It should be noted that each fault event may cause different lithology-to-number changes, and the lithology-to-number changes in the example are merely provided for reference. As an example, the number S1 of the lithology pairs of the improved ballast in the field of north cheng xi 1 of the ascending field cheng xi n is 14, and the number S2 of the lithology pairs of the improved ballast in the field of north cheng xi n 2 of the descending field cheng xi n is 16, which are different from each other by 2, that is, in the space with the interval of 30m in the period of the burial period, the fault descending disc finds 2 lithology pairs more than the fault ascending disc.
And (III) obtaining the activity Z of the fault clearing ballast group by using a formula Z of H/(S2-S1), wherein the activity Z of the fault clearing ballast group is 30/2 of 15 m/lithology pair, the change of one lithology pair is caused every 15m on average of fault activity, the numerical value is relatively small, the fault is indicated to be in low-frequency activity, oil and gas are predicted to be mainly enriched in a Lianghua group under the clearing ballast and are consistent with the reality, and the well position can be considered to be arranged in other regions with Lianghua group in fault development in the next step of drilling.
TABLE 1 information of lithology of F2 upland well X1 and X2 fault dip wells
Figure BDA0002456685470000071
Figure BDA0002456685470000081

Claims (7)

1. The method for calculating the fault activity frequency based on the lithology pair difference value is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
drilling lithology information based on the adjacent fault;
analyzing the characteristics of fault curtain type activities and the influence of the fault curtain type activities on lithologic development of sedimentary strata;
and taking the number of lithology pairs as the calculation basis of fault activity.
2. The fault activity frequency calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the lithology data is converted into lithology pairs of bottom sandstone and overlying mudstone.
3. The quantitative evaluation method of fault activity according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the lithology information of the fault raising tray drilling well and the fault lowering tray drilling well comprises well position, top depth, bottom depth and lithology.
4. The fault activity frequency calculation method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the lithology combination of sandstone and mudstone of the fracture ascending disc and the fracture descending disc in the stratum in the oil-bearing period is summarized into a lithology pair, and the occurrence times of the lithology pair are respectively summed and recorded as S1 and S2;
and taking Z = H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is fault activity, and H is fault distance, and the fault activity is characterized by the calculation formula.
5. The fault activity frequency calculation method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the lithology combination of sandstone and mudstone of the fracture ascending disc and the fracture descending disc in the stratum in the oil-bearing period is summarized into a lithology pair, and the occurrence times of the lithology pair are respectively summed and recorded as S1 and S2;
and taking Z = H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is fault activity, and H is fault distance, and the fault activity is characterized by the calculation formula.
6. The fault activity frequency calculation method according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
selecting drilling wells X1 and X2 of an ascending plate and a descending plate close to a fault, and selecting a marker layer statistical fault distance H;
dividing lithologic combination of wells X1 and X2 in a target stratum into lithologic pairs with sandstone at the bottom and mudstone at the top, and counting the number of lithologic pairs of a fault rising disc and a fault falling disc and recording the number as S1 and S2;
and (III) taking Z = H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is the fault activity, substituting the results of the steps (I) and (II) into the calculation formula, and obtaining a fault activity characterization result.
7. A fault activity frequency calculation method as claimed in claim 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
selecting drilling wells X1 and X2 of an ascending plate and a descending plate close to a fault, and selecting a marker layer statistical fault distance H;
dividing lithologic combination of wells X1 and X2 in a target stratum into lithologic pairs with sandstone at the bottom and mudstone at the top, and counting the number of lithologic pairs of a fault rising disc and a fault falling disc and recording the number as S1 and S2;
and (III) taking Z = H/(S2-S1) as a calculation formula, wherein Z is the fault activity, substituting the results of the steps (I) and (II) into the calculation formula, and obtaining a fault activity characterization result.
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