CN113483731A - Multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于光纤传感的多方位隧道结构健康在线监测系统，包括多个单位光纤光栅传感器、光纤传感器连接管、传输光缆、接线盒、波长解调仪、上位机。通过在隧道相邻管片裂缝处、隧道顶部以及隧道环向断面处依次安装光纤光栅传感器并制成传输光缆以便铺设。当隧道结构发生变化时，预拉过的光纤光栅张力将会发生变化引起波长漂移，通过解调仪将监测到的波长数据传输到上位机中处理，得出相应整体隧道直径收敛、隧道纵断面沉降以及盾构环间接缝宽度等变化量。该系统可实现实时在线监测隧道结构健康，避免了人工监测隧道结构的不便与危险性，提高了隧道结构健康监测的实时性和准确性。
The invention discloses a multi-directional tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing. By installing fiber grating sensors in sequence at the cracks of adjacent segments of the tunnel, at the top of the tunnel and at the annular section of the tunnel, a transmission optical cable is made for laying. When the tunnel structure changes, the tension of the pre-drawn fiber grating will change and cause wavelength drift. The wavelength data monitored is transmitted to the upper computer for processing through the demodulator, and the corresponding overall tunnel diameter convergence and tunnel longitudinal section are obtained. Subsidence and the variation of the joint width between the shield rings. The system can realize real-time online monitoring of tunnel structure health, avoid the inconvenience and danger of manual monitoring of tunnel structure, and improve the real-time and accuracy of tunnel structure health monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel safety, and particularly relates to a multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing.
Background
With the high-speed development of urban construction, the number and scale of urban subway and underground tunnel highway construction are continuously enlarged. However, the cracks at the top of the tunnel, the inner wall of the tunnel and the segments of the tunnel are influenced by external gravity in the natural environment and the use environment in the construction stage and the later stage of the tunnel, and the cracks among the segments of the tunnel sink, deform or increase. The tunnel subsides, warp and probably arouses tunnel collapse, causes the traffic accident, greatly threatens constructor and the life safety of people in the later stage use. The monitoring mode of tunnel settlement at present mainly adopts artifical monitoring, and this kind of mode can't realize real-time supervision, has great measuring error simultaneously. Therefore, it is very important to provide a method for accurately monitoring the tunnel settlement in real time.
In recent years, optical fiber sensing technology has been rapidly developed and widely used in various fields such as industrial production and urban construction. The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology is a new monitoring technology and means in the field of engineering monitoring which is emerging in recent years, has the characteristics of quasi-distribution, high precision, automation, strong anti-interference and corrosion resistance and the like, and can be used for real-time online monitoring of large linear engineering such as tunnel structures and the like. A large number of FBG sensors with different central wavelengths are installed on a large structure to be measured, the FBG sensors are connected together through optical fibers to form an optical fiber sensing network, a wavelength division multiplexing technology is adopted, a quasi-distributed optical fiber grating sensing system is formed to carry out multipoint measurement, a sensing signal is remotely monitored through a computer, and continuous real-time quasi-distributed monitoring on the internal state of a large building can be realized.
The invention of application No. 201510816515.3 provides a method for measuring tunnel roof settlement and convergence displacement using a fiber grating sensor. The method can accurately measure the convergence displacement and the top settlement by measuring the moving distance and the angular displacement of the coordinate point based on the profile deformation. However, the invention neglects that the tunnel settlement is an integral change, and does not monitor the variable quantity of the two sides of the inner wall of the tunnel in the settlement process. The tunnel settlement monitoring device has the defect of locally measuring the tunnel settlement and does not monitor the tunnel settlement in an all-dimensional manner.
The invention of application number 202010030488.8 provides a device and a method for monitoring the settlement of a tunnel bottom plate. The tunnel bottom plate device mainly comprises a fiber grating sensor, a fiber grating settling tube and a demodulator. The method can realize long-distance monitoring of the tunnel settlement, but has the defects that the monitored data is only stress change in a single direction, distributed measurement of an optical fiber sensing technology is not formed, and the monitored data is incomplete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing, and the optical fiber sensor has the characteristics of long distance, low loss, corrosion resistance, electric insulation and the like in the transmission process, can be used as a detection element for physical parameters such as strain, displacement, humidity, temperature and the like, and has high measurement sensitivity and high precision. Adopt this monitoring system can realize the healthy diversified real-time supervision of tunnel structure, improved the security during the construction and in the later stage use, solved manual monitoring's limitation, improved tunnel settlement monitoring's real-time and accuracy, guaranteed constructor's personal safety.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optical fiber sensing-based multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system comprises:
the device comprises a plurality of unit fiber grating sensors, fiber sensor connecting pipes, transmission optical cables, a junction box, a wavelength demodulator and a computer;
the transmission optical cable is fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the plurality of unit fiber grating sensors are arranged on the transmission optical cable in series, and a distributed sensing network is formed by the three unit fiber grating sensors and the transmission optical cable; each unit fiber grating sensor is covered by a fiber sensor connecting pipe for protection; the distributed sensing network is used for simultaneously monitoring the settlement change conditions of the longitudinal diameter, the transverse diameter and the section diameter in the tunnel and the change conditions of the width of the seam between the shield rings; the transmission optical cable is connected with a computer through a wavelength demodulator, data processing is carried out through the computer, and tunnel settlement displacement, section diameter variation and shield ring seam width variation are obtained through comprehensive analysis.
The plurality of unit fiber grating sensors are fiber grating displacement sensors.
The optical fiber sensor connecting pipe is used for packaging the optical fiber grating displacement sensor.
The three-path unit fiber grating sensors in the distributed sensing network are respectively laid at the joint of adjacent duct pieces on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel, the joint between shield rings at the top of the tunnel and the circumferential inner wall of the tunnel.
The laid three-way fiber grating sensing optical cable simultaneously monitors longitudinal and transverse settlement changes in the tunnel, the convergence condition of the section diameter and the width change condition of the joint between the shield rings of the tunnel.
The wavelength demodulator is a 16-channel demodulator and simultaneously realizes wavelength demodulation of the three-way transmission optical cable.
The three-path unit fiber grating sensor is arranged at the segment joint on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel and is used for monitoring the longitudinal and transverse changes of the tunnel and the change of the crack; the three unit fiber bragg grating sensors are arranged at the joints between the shield rings at the top of the tunnel and are used for monitoring the longitudinal settlement change of the tunnel; and the three unit fiber grating sensors arranged on the circumferential inner wall of the tunnel are used for monitoring the settlement of the section of the tunnel and the convergence degree of the diameter of the tunnel.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the tunnel structure health online monitoring system is characterized in that a plurality of unit fiber bragg grating sensors are manufactured into three transmission optical cables. And an organic integral network is formed, and distributed measurement of the fiber bragg grating is realized. The method has the characteristics of long distance, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, wide frequency band, low loss, high precision and the like, and successfully overcomes the defects of untimely and inaccurate data caused by manual monitoring in the tunnel settlement monitoring process. Through whole journey, diversified on-line monitoring tunnel overall structure's change in the use for operating personnel can long-range real-time accurate monitor the state in tunnel, thereby effectual improvement work efficiency, and guarantee staff's personal safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of transmission cables arranged on adjacent pipe sheets on the inner wall of a tunnel in the multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of a transmission optical cable arranged at a seam between shield rings at the top of a tunnel in the multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of transmission cables arranged on the inner wall of a tunnel ring in the multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing, which comprises a unit fiber grating sensor 1, a fiber sensor connecting pipe 2, a transmission optical cable 3, a junction box 4, a wavelength demodulator 5 and a computer 6; the fiber grating strain sensor 1 is respectively laid on the tunnel 8 along one side of the inner wall of the tunnel, the joint between shield rings at the top of the tunnel and the circumferential direction of the section of the tunnel. Three-way transmission optical cables 3 made of a plurality of unit fiber grating sensors are fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel through fiber sensor connecting pipes 2 and connected to a junction box 4, demodulated signals are transmitted into a computer 6 through a wavelength demodulator 5 to be processed, and an analysis result is finally displayed, so that the tunnel settlement displacement and the tunnel shield inter-ring seam width variation are obtained through the wavelength drift of the fiber gratings.
In a first specific embodiment, the unit fiber grating sensor is installed at the joint between adjacent duct pieces on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel as shown in fig. 2, the unit fiber grating sensor 1 adopts a fiber grating strain sensor, the fiber grating strain sensor is installed on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel according to a W-shape, and two adjacent fixed points 7 are laid at an angle of 45 degrees for subsequent data calculation and processing. The distance between adjacent fixing points 7 is about 2m apart according to the actual engineering requirements. The fiber bragg grating strain sensor 1 is arranged at a seam between shield rings of a tunnel and used for monitoring the transverse displacement variation and the size variation of the width of the seam between the shield rings in the tunnel settlement process.
In a second embodiment, the fiber grating sensors are installed at the joints between the shield rings at the top of the tunnel as shown in fig. 3, the fiber grating strain sensors are installed at the top of the tunnel point according to a straight line shape, and the two adjacent fixing points 7 are laid at an angle of 180 degrees. The distance between adjacent fixing points 7 is about 1.5m apart according to the actual engineering requirements. The fiber bragg grating strain sensor 1 is arranged at a seam between tunnel shield rings and is mainly used for monitoring longitudinal displacement variation and stress variation of a whole tunnel segment in a tunnel settlement process.
In a third embodiment, the fiber grating sensors are arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the tunnel ring, and are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the tunnel lining structure in the circumferential direction, as shown in fig. 4. The distance between adjacent fixing points 7 is about 0.5 m. The fiber bragg grating strain sensors 1 are arranged on the pipe wall at equal intervals and used for monitoring the convergence condition of the diameter of the whole tunnel in the sedimentation process.
In the fourth specific embodiment, the fiber grating strain sensor 1 is fixedly packaged in the fiber sensor connecting pipe 2, and performs pre-stretching treatment on the fiber grating. The packaged fiber grating strain sensors are respectively manufactured into three transmission optical cables 3 according to different intervals, and the transmission optical cables are respectively fixed at the crack of the adjacent segments on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel, the seam between shield rings at the top of the tunnel and the circumferential inner wall of the tunnel through corresponding fixing parts.
Specifically, three transmission optical cables 3 are connected to a junction box 4 together, the junction box 4 is connected with a corresponding channel of a wavelength demodulator 5, the whole optical fiber sensing network adopts the wavelength demodulator 5, the monitoring requirement can be met by adopting fewer communication broadband, the cost and complexity of optical cable laying are reduced, and the installation cost is saved.
The method for monitoring the tunnel settlement and the change of the width of the seam between the shield rings comprises the following steps: when in the work progress or later stage use, tunnel structure changes, appears subsiding, section of jurisdiction crack expansion metamorphism condition, can make fiber grating strain sensor 1's wavelength drift. The wavelength of the fiber grating strain sensor 1 at the top of the tunnel drifts, and the longitudinal displacement variation and the whole tunnel segment stress variation in the tunnel settlement process are reflected; the wavelength of the fiber bragg grating strain sensor 1 on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel drifts, and the reflected variable quantity is the transverse displacement variable quantity in the tunnel settlement process and the size variable quantity of the width of a joint between tunnel shield rings; the wavelength of the fiber grating strain sensor on the circumferential inner wall of the tunnel drifts, and mainly reflects the change of the diameter of the section of the tunnel in the tunnel settlement process. The demodulated signals are transmitted to a computer 6 through a demodulator 5 for processing, the settlement displacement variable quantities of three different positions in the tunnel are analyzed, and the settlement displacement quantities of the corresponding positions of the tunnel can be obtained through calculation.
The fiber grating strain sensor 1 at the crack of the adjacent duct piece on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel is under the action of external force, so that the expansion of the joint between the shield rings causes the deformation of the transmission optical cable between two adjacent fixed points, the length of the transmission optical cable is lengthened, and the wavelength drift of the fiber grating strain sensor 1 inside the transmission optical cable is caused. And comparing the data with the data monitored at the shield inter-ring seam at the top of the tunnel, and then obtaining more accurate transverse and longitudinal displacement of tunnel settlement and the size variation of the width of the shield inter-ring seam through trigonometric function calculation and analysis. By adopting the method, the sedimentation displacement variation in different directions is analyzed and processed, and finally the sedimentation displacement variation in different positions of the tunnel and the stress variation of the whole tunnel segment can be more accurately measured.
Different from the prior art, the tunnel structure health online monitoring system provided by the invention has the advantages that a plurality of unit fiber grating sensors are manufactured into three transmission optical cables. And an organic integral network is formed, and distributed measurement of the fiber bragg grating is realized. The method has the characteristics of long distance, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, wide frequency band, low loss, high precision and the like, and successfully overcomes the defects of untimely and inaccurate data caused by manual monitoring in the tunnel settlement monitoring process. Through whole journey, diversified on-line monitoring tunnel overall structure's change in the use for operating personnel can long-range real-time accurate monitor the state in tunnel, thereby effectual improvement work efficiency, and guarantee staff's personal safety.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a diversified tunnel structure health on-line monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a plurality of unit fiber grating sensors, fiber sensor connecting pipes, transmission optical cables, a junction box, a wavelength demodulator and a computer;
the transmission optical cable is fixed on the inner wall of the tunnel, the plurality of unit fiber grating sensors are arranged on the transmission optical cable in series, and a distributed sensing network is formed by the three unit fiber grating sensors and the transmission optical cable; each unit fiber grating sensor is covered by a fiber sensor connecting pipe for protection; the distributed sensing network is used for simultaneously monitoring the settlement change conditions of the longitudinal diameter, the transverse diameter and the section diameter in the tunnel and the change conditions of the width of the seam between the shield rings; the transmission optical cable is connected with a computer through a wavelength demodulator, data processing is carried out through the computer, and tunnel settlement displacement, section diameter variation and shield ring seam width variation are obtained through comprehensive analysis.
2. The fiber sensing-based multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of unit fiber grating sensors are fiber grating displacement sensors.
3. The fiber sensing-based multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein the fiber sensor connection tube is used for packaging the fiber grating displacement sensor.
4. The fiber sensing-based multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the three-way unit fiber grating sensors in the distributed sensing network are respectively laid at a joint of adjacent segments on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel, a joint between shield rings on the top of the tunnel and a circumferential inner wall of the tunnel.
5. The fiber sensing-based multi-azimuth tunnel structure health online monitoring system according to claim 4, wherein the laid three-way fiber grating sensing optical cable simultaneously monitors longitudinal and transverse settlement changes in the tunnel, section diameter convergence conditions and width changes at seams between tunnel shield rings.
6. The fiber optic sensing-based multi-azimuth on-line tunnel structure health monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the wavelength demodulator is a 16-channel demodulator, and wavelength demodulation of a three-way transmission cable is achieved at the same time.
7. The alternating LT coding method suitable for power line communication as claimed in claim 4, wherein the three-way unit fiber grating sensor arranged at the segment joint on one side of the inner wall of the tunnel is used for monitoring the change conditions of the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel and the crack; the three unit fiber bragg grating sensors are arranged at the joints between the shield rings at the top of the tunnel and are used for monitoring the longitudinal settlement change of the tunnel; and the three unit fiber grating sensors arranged on the circumferential inner wall of the tunnel are used for monitoring the settlement of the section of the tunnel and the convergence degree of the diameter of the tunnel.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114184137A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 四川农业大学 | Tunnel deformation monitoring system and method based on long-gauge-length optical fiber sensing technology |
| CN114353750A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 | Omnidirectional tunnel section settlement monitoring device |
| CN114705160A (en) * | 2022-04-10 | 2022-07-05 | 同济大学 | Tunnel longitudinal deformation monitoring system based on flexible sensing device, installation method and settlement algorithm |
| CN114894102A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Shield tunnel structure monitoring system and method based on array grating |
| CN115406372A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-29 | 高勘(广州)技术有限公司 | Shield tunnel monitoring method, device and system and storage medium |
| CN116067297A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-05 | 湖南大学 | A monitoring system and monitoring method for segment joints of shield tunneling |
| CN116792155A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-22 | 华南理工大学 | Tunnel health state monitoring and early warning method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN118758202A (en) * | 2024-06-13 | 2024-10-11 | 中山大学 | Optical fiber layout, characteristic calculation and compensation method for pipe segment deformation monitoring in rectangular pipe jacking tunnel |
| CN118936409A (en) * | 2024-08-02 | 2024-11-12 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | A tunnel settlement convergence monitoring system and monitoring method based on fiber grating sensor |
| CN118960599A (en) * | 2024-10-17 | 2024-11-15 | 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for measuring the convergence of surrounding rock of multi-arch tunnel |
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| CN119043264A (en) * | 2024-08-02 | 2024-11-29 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Section settlement monitoring system and monitoring method based on fiber bragg grating sensor |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114184137A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-15 | 四川农业大学 | Tunnel deformation monitoring system and method based on long-gauge-length optical fiber sensing technology |
| CN114353750A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中国路桥工程有限责任公司 | Omnidirectional tunnel section settlement monitoring device |
| CN114705160B (en) * | 2022-04-10 | 2023-10-03 | 同济大学 | Tunnel longitudinal deformation monitoring system based on flexible sensing device, installation method and sedimentation algorithm |
| CN114705160A (en) * | 2022-04-10 | 2022-07-05 | 同济大学 | Tunnel longitudinal deformation monitoring system based on flexible sensing device, installation method and settlement algorithm |
| CN114894102A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-12 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Shield tunnel structure monitoring system and method based on array grating |
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| CN116067297A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-05-05 | 湖南大学 | A monitoring system and monitoring method for segment joints of shield tunneling |
| CN116792155A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-22 | 华南理工大学 | Tunnel health state monitoring and early warning method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
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