CN113433127B - Potato growth Ji Danfei dosage application method based on optimized spectral index - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a potato growth Ji Danfei dosage application method based on an optimized spectrum index, which comprises the following steps: s1: total amount of potato growth Ji Danfei application was controlled by nitrogen balance, S2: realizing the real-time monitoring of potato growth quaternary nitrogen nutrition index by optimizing the spectrum index, S3: potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on optimized spectrum index, S4: and (5) field demonstration and verification. The invention combines the remote sensing real-time monitoring technology with the crop nitrogen fertilizer management, and aims at solving the problems of excessive application, unreasonable fertilization period and consumption of the existing potato Tian Danfei, the invention provides a method for monitoring the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in real time through a spectrum index and scientifically planning the nitrogen fertilizer consumption, thereby not only ensuring the potato yield, but also reducing the nitrogen loss, and being an indispensable part of intelligent agriculture nitrogen nutrient management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of potato Tian Danfei application management, in particular to a potato growth season nitrogen fertilizer consumption optimization application technology based on an optimization spectrum index.
Background
The intelligent agriculture is a new direction of agricultural development, and the crop nutrition status is monitored in real time through a remote sensing technology, and the real-time monitoring information is converted into nutrient requirements, so that the intelligent agriculture development is realized. China is the country with the largest potato planting area and yield in the world, however, the traditional potato planting in China is based on high water and nitrogen investment, and the cost of nitrogen fertilizer resources is high. The problem of excessive application of the nitrogen fertilizer generally exists not only can lead to the reduction of the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and the increase of the input cost of the fertilizer for farmers, but also can cause excessive nitrogen fertilizer to be lost to the environment, thereby aggravating the pollution of agricultural non-point sources. The inner Mongolia farming and grazing staggered area is used as an important area for potato planting in China, and the deficient water resource and the fragile ecological environment require that we must change from the traditional high nitrogen fertilizer input old mode to the intelligent green high new direction. Therefore, the potato is taken as a main research crop by fully combining regional characteristics, and the potato growth season nitrogen fertilizer application technology based on the optimized spectrum index is provided through field experiments and field verification for many years, so that the application technology aims at adapting to the development requirement of intelligent agriculture and advancing the traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer is an important content of intelligent agricultural nutrient accurate management, the purpose of the invention is to combine a remote sensing real-time monitoring technology with crop nitrogen fertilizer management, aiming at the problems of excessive application, unreasonable fertilization period and consumption of the existing potato Tian Danfei, the invention provides a potato growth Ji Danfei consumption application method based on optimized spectrum index, the technology monitors the nitrogen nutrition condition of the potato in real time by optimizing the spectrum index, and optimizes the nitrogen transmission fertilizer consumption of peasants under the condition that the potato yield is not reduced or even increased by a small extent by taking a nitrogen balance and critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve as the nitrogen consumption regulation range, thereby ensuring that the potato yield is not reduced or even increased by a small extent, not only ensuring the potato yield, but also reducing the nitrogen loss, and being an indispensable part of intelligent agricultural nitrogen nutrient management.
The potato growth Ji Danfei dosage application method based on the optimized spectrum index provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: the total amount of potato growth Ji Danfei application was controlled by nitrogen balance;
s2: real-time monitoring of potato growth quaternary nitrogen nutrition indexes is realized by optimizing the spectrum index;
s3: a potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on optimized spectrum indexes;
s4: and (5) field demonstration and verification.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the consumption of the potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer in the step S1 is as follows: k=5× (target yield per hectare +.1000) +57, K is the amount of potato growth Ji Danfei in kg/ha.
Preferably, the quantitative relation between the optimized spectral index Opt-SI1 in the S3 and the nitrogen of the potato plants is as follows:
Y1＝-2.28×Opt-SI1+7.96
y1: potato plant nitrogen concentration (g/kg)
Opt-SI1: optimizing spectral index, opt-si1= (R λ1 -1.8×R λ2 )/(R λ3 -1.8×R λ2 ) λ1, λ2 and λ3 represent spectral reflectance values representing the potato canopy at bands of 352nm, 534 nm and 562nm, respectively.
Preferably, the quantitative relation between the optimized spectral index Opt-SI2 in the step S3 and the potato plant biomass is as follows: y2= -217.80 ×opt-si2+109.57Y2: potato plant biomass (t/ha)
Opt-SI2: optimizing spectral index, opt-si2=r λ1 /(R λ2 +R λ3 ) λ1, λ2 and λ3 represent spectral reflectance values representing the potato canopy at the wavelength bands of 958nm,962nm and 940nm, respectively.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention combines the remote sensing real-time monitoring technology with the crop nitrogen fertilizer management, and aims at solving the problems of excessive application, unreasonable fertilization period and consumption of the existing potato Tian Danfei, the invention provides a method for monitoring the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in real time through a spectrum index and scientifically planning the nitrogen fertilizer consumption, thereby not only ensuring the potato yield, but also reducing the nitrogen loss, and being an indispensable part of intelligent agriculture nitrogen nutrient management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between Opt-SI1 and nitrogen in potato plants according to the optimized spectral index-based potato growth Ji Danfei dosage application method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between Opt-SI2 and potato plant biomass of the optimized spectral index based potato growth Ji Danfei dosage application method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1 referring to fig. 1-2, an optimized spectral index based potato growth Ji Danfei dosage application method comprising the steps of:
s1: the total amount of potato growth Ji Danfei application was controlled by nitrogen balance;
s2: real-time monitoring of potato growth quaternary nitrogen nutrition indexes is realized by optimizing the spectrum index;
s3: a potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on optimized spectrum indexes;
s4: and (5) field demonstration and verification.
Based on the potato nitrogen fertilizer absorption law, K is distributed in stages according to the proportion, and the nitrogen fertilizer consumption in each growth period can be refined and adjusted according to the water and fertilizer management conditions of a grower, wherein the K is in a seedling period (20%), a tuber forming period (30%), a tuber expanding period (20%), and a starch accumulating period (10%).
Staged nitrogen fertilizer modulation based on spectroscopic diagnostics.
Before fertilization is carried out in each growth period, the nutrient status of crop nitrogen is monitored by utilizing a spectrum diagnosis technology, whether the current crop lacks nitrogen is judged by utilizing a critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve, and the fertilization amount is calculated, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Estimating plant nitrogen concentration Y1 and plant biomass Y2 by using canopy spectrum;
(2) Substituting Y1 into a whole plant nitrogen concentration estimation model:
X1＝1.13×Y1-1.21
(3) And (3) carrying Y2 into a whole plant biomass estimation model:
seedling stage-tuber formation stage: y4=1.10×y21.32
Tuber formation-tuber expansion period: y4=1.84×y2+1.84
Tuber expansion-light meal accumulation period: y4=3.49×ln (Y2) +6.13
(4) Bringing Y4 into a potato critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve to obtain critical nitrogen concentration:
X2＝4.57×Y4 -0.41
(5) Staged optimization fertilizer application amount recommendation
(6) When X1< X2, the resulting nitrogen deficiency is: (X2-X1) X Y4, the nitrogen-tracing amount of this time is the nitrogen deficiency amount which is already caused+the originally planned nitrogen-tracing amount;
(7) When x1=x2, the present nitrogen tracking amount is the original planned nitrogen tracking amount;
(8) When X1> X2, the nitrogen that has been absorbed in excess is: (X1-X2). Times.Y 4, the present nitrogen chaser is the planned nitrogen chaser-the nitrogen that has been absorbed in excess.
And (3) field verification:
to verify the feasibility of the recommended fertilization algorithm, field demonstration applications of the technology were performed in the inner mongolian king flag and table mountain in 2019 (demonstration 1) and 2020 (demonstration 2). Exemplary results of the optimized spectral index based potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer application technique performed strictly in accordance with the above description results in examples 1 and 2 are as follows:
table 1 demonstration of potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer application based on optimized spectral index
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method of applying an amount of potato growth Ji Danfei based on an optimized spectral index comprising the steps of:
s1: the total amount of potato growth Ji Danfei application was controlled by nitrogen balance;
s2: real-time monitoring of potato growth quaternary nitrogen nutrition indexes is realized by optimizing the spectrum index;
s3: a potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on optimized spectrum indexes;
s4: demonstration and verification in the field;
the calculation formula of the consumption of the potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer in the step S1 is as follows: k=5× (target yield per hectare +.1000) +57, K is the amount of potato growth Ji Danfei in kg/ha;
the quantitative relation between the optimized spectral index Opt-SI1 in the S3 and the nitrogen of the potato plants is as follows:
Y1＝-2.28×Opt-SI1+7.96；
y1: potato plant nitrogen concentration (g/kg);
Opt-SI1: optimizing spectral index, opt-si1= (R λ1 -1.8×R λ2 )/(R λ3 -1.8×R λ2 ) λ1, λ2 and λ3 represent spectral reflectance values representing the potato canopy at bands of 352nm, 534 nm and 562nm, respectively;
the quantitative relation between the optimized spectral index Opt-SI2 in the S3 and potato plant biomass is as follows:
Y2＝-217.80×Opt-SI2+109.57；
y2: potato plant biomass (t/ha);
Opt-SI2: optimizing spectral index, opt-si2=r λ1 /(R λ2 +R λ3 ) λ1, λ2 and λ3 represent spectral reflectance values representing the potato canopy at the wavelength bands of 958nm,962nm and 940nm, respectively;
based on the absorption rule of potato nitrogenous fertilizer, carrying out stepwise distribution on K according to the proportion, and carrying out refinement adjustment on the nitrogenous fertilizer consumption in each growing period according to the water and fertilizer management conditions of a grower, wherein the seedling period is 20%, the tuber forming period is 30%, the full bloom period is 30%, the tuber expanding period is 20% and the starch accumulating period is 10%;
staged nitrogen fertilizer regulation based on spectroscopic diagnostics;
before fertilization is carried out in each growth period, the nutrient status of crop nitrogen is monitored by utilizing a spectrum diagnosis technology, whether the current crop lacks nitrogen is judged by utilizing a critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve, and the fertilization amount is calculated, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Estimating plant nitrogen concentration Y1 and plant biomass Y2 by using canopy spectrum;
(2) Substituting Y1 into a whole plant nitrogen concentration estimation model:
X1＝1.13×Y1-1.21；
(3) And (3) carrying Y2 into a whole plant biomass estimation model:
seedling stage-tuber formation stage: y4=1.10×y21.32;
tuber formation-tuber expansion period: y4=1.84×y2+1.84;
tuber expansion-light meal accumulation period: y4=3.49×ln (Y2) +6.13;
(4) Bringing Y4 into a potato critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve to obtain critical nitrogen concentration:
X2＝4.57×Y4 -0.41 ；
(5) Step optimizing fertilization amount recommendation:
(6) When X1< X2, the nitrogen deficiency is: (X2-X1) X Y4, the nitrogen-tracing amount of this time is the nitrogen deficiency amount which is already caused+the originally planned nitrogen-tracing amount;
(7) When x1=x2, the present nitrogen tracking amount is the original planned nitrogen tracking amount;
(8) When X1> X2, the nitrogen that has been absorbed in excess is: (X1-X2). Times.Y 4, the present nitrogen chaser is the planned nitrogen chaser-the nitrogen that has been absorbed in excess.
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