CN113433127A - Potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer dosage application method based on optimized spectral index - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimized spectral index-based potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer dosage application method, which comprises the following steps of: s1: controlling the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to potato growing season by nitrogen balance, S2: the method comprises the steps of realizing real-time monitoring of nitrogen nutrition indexes of potato growing seasons by optimizing spectral indexes, and S3: the potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on the optimized spectral index is S4: and (5) field demonstration and verification. The invention combines a remote sensing real-time monitoring technology with crop nitrogen fertilizer management, and provides a method for scientifically planning nitrogen fertilizer consumption by monitoring nitrogen fertilizer consumption in real time through a spectral index aiming at the problems of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the potato field and unreasonable fertilizer application period, so that the yield of potatoes can be ensured, the nitrogen loss can be reduced, and the method is an indispensable part for nitrogen nutrient management of intelligent agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nitrogen fertilizer application management in a potato field, in particular to a technique for optimizing the application of nitrogen fertilizer dosage in potato growing seasons based on optimized spectral index.
Background
Wisdom agriculture is the new direction of agricultural development, and monitors crop nutrition status through remote sensing technique real-time to convert real-time supervision information into nutrient demand, be the key of realizing wisdom agricultural development. China is the country with the largest potato planting area and yield in the world, however, the traditional potato planting in China is based on high water nitrogen input, and the cost of nitrogen fertilizer resources is high. The ubiquitous problem of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only can lead to the reduction of the utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, the increase of peasant's fertilizer input cost, excessive nitrogen fertilizer still can lose in the environment moreover, aggravate agricultural non-point source pollution. And the inner Mongolia farming-pasturing staggered area is used as an important area for potato planting in China, and the deficient water resource and the fragile ecological environment require that the traditional high-nitrogen fertilizer investment mode is changed to an intelligent green high-new direction. Therefore, by fully combining regional characteristics, taking potatoes as main research crops and carrying out field tests and field verification for many years, a nitrogen fertilizer application technology based on optimized spectral index for potato growing seasons is provided, the development requirement of intelligent agriculture is met, and the traditional agriculture is promoted to advance to modern agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The reasonable application of the nitrogen fertilizer is an important content of intelligent agricultural nutrient precise management, the invention aims to combine a remote sensing real-time monitoring technology with crop nitrogen fertilizer management, and aims to solve the problems of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, and unreasonable fertilization period and dosage in the current potato field, the invention provides a potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer dosage application method based on an optimized spectral index, the technology carries out real-time monitoring on the nitrogen nutrient status of potatoes by optimizing the spectral index, and uses a nitrogen balance and critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve as the nitrogen fertilizer dosage regulation range, under the condition of ensuring that the potato yield is not reduced and even increasing the yield by a small margin, the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer transmitted by farmers is optimized, the potato yield can be ensured, the loss of the intelligent nitrogen can be reduced, the technology is an indispensable part of agricultural nitrogen nutrient management, and theoretical and technical bases are laid for the accurate management of the nitrogen fertilizer in the intelligent agriculture of potatoes, the method improves the efficient allocation of nitrogen resources and realizes the ecological green development of production and environmental protection.
The invention provides an optimized spectral index-based potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer dosage application method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: controlling the total amount of the applied quaternary nitrogen fertilizer for potato growth through nitrogen balance;
s2: real-time monitoring of the nitrogen nutrition index of the potato growing season is realized by optimizing the spectral index;
s3: a potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on the optimized spectral index;
s4: and (5) field demonstration and verification.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the quaternary nitrogen fertilizer consumption for potato growth in S1 is as follows: k is 5 x (target yield of one hectare ÷ 1000) +57, and K is the using amount of the potato growing quaternary nitrogen fertilizer in kg/ha.
Preferably, the quantitative relation between the optimized spectral index Opt-SI1 and the nitrogen of the potato plants in the S3 is as follows:
Y1＝-2.28×Opt-SI1+7.96
y1: nitrogen concentration (g/kg) of potato plants
Opt-SI 1: optimized spectral index, Opt-SI1 ═ (R)λ1-1.8×Rλ2)/(Rλ3-1.8×Rλ2) And λ 1, λ 2 and λ 3 represent spectral reflectance values at the 352nm,536nm and 562nm wavelength bands for the potato canopy, respectively.
Preferably, the quantitative relationship between the optimized spectral index Opt-SI2 and the biomass of the potato plants in S3 is as follows: y2 ═ 217.80 xopt-SI 2+109.57Y 2: potato plant Biomass (t/ha)
Opt-SI 2: optimized spectral index, Opt-SI2 ═ Rλ1/(Rλ2+Rλ3) And λ 1, λ 2 and λ 3 represent spectral reflectance values at 958nm,962nm and 940nm wavelength bands, respectively, for the potato canopy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines a remote sensing real-time monitoring technology with crop nitrogen fertilizer management, and provides a method for scientifically planning nitrogen fertilizer consumption by monitoring nitrogen fertilizer consumption in real time through a spectral index aiming at the problems of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the potato field and unreasonable fertilizer application period, so that the yield of potatoes can be ensured, the nitrogen loss can be reduced, and the method is an indispensable part for nitrogen nutrient management of intelligent agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between Opt-SI1 and nitrogen in potato plants in the method for applying quaternary nitrogen fertilizer dosage for potato growth based on optimized spectral index;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between Opt-SI2 and potato plant biomass of the quaternary nitrogen fertilizer application method for potato growth based on optimized spectral index.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1, referring to fig. 1-2, a method for applying quaternary nitrogen fertilizer dosage for potato growth based on optimized spectral index, comprising the steps of:
s1: controlling the total amount of the applied quaternary nitrogen fertilizer for potato growth through nitrogen balance;
s2: real-time monitoring of the nitrogen nutrition index of the potato growing season is realized by optimizing the spectral index;
s3: a potato growth quaternary nitrogen fertilizer recommendation algorithm based on the optimized spectral index;
s4: and (5) field demonstration and verification.
Based on the absorption rule of the potato nitrogen fertilizer, the K is distributed in stages according to the proportion, namely a seedling stage (20%), a tuber forming stage (30%), a full-bloom stage (30%), a tuber expanding stage (20%) and a starch accumulation stage (10%) (the nitrogen fertilizer dosage in each growth period can be refined and adjusted according to the water and fertilizer management conditions of farmers).
Staged nitrogen fertilizer regulation based on spectral diagnosis.
Before fertilization is carried out in each growth period, the nitrogen nutrition condition of crops is monitored by using a spectral diagnosis technology, whether the current crops are lack of nitrogen is judged by using a critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve, and the fertilization amount is calculated, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) estimating plant nitrogen concentration Y1 and plant biomass Y2 by using canopy spectrum;
(2) y1 was introduced into the whole plant nitrogen concentration estimation model:
X1＝1.13×Y1-1.21
(3) y2 was introduced into the whole plant biomass estimation model:
seedling stage-tuber formation stage: y4 ═ 1.10 × Y21.32
Tuber formation-tuber expansion phase: y4 ═ 1.84X Y2+1.84
Tuber expansion-light powder accumulation period: y4 ═ 3.49 xln (Y2) +6.13
(4) And (3) substituting Y4 into a potato critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve to obtain a critical nitrogen concentration:
X2＝4.57×Y4-0.41
(5) staged optimization for fertilizer application amount recommendation
(6) When X1< X2, the resulting nitrogen deficiency is: (X2-X1) multiplied by Y4, wherein the nitrogen chasing amount is the nitrogen deficiency amount plus the original planned nitrogen chasing amount;
(7) when X1 is equal to X2, the amount of the next time of the nitrogen chasing is the originally planned amount of the nitrogen chasing;
(8) when X1> X2, the nitrogen that has been over-absorbed is: (X1-X2). times.Y 4, the amount of ZhuYin is the planned amount of ZhuYin-nitrogen which has been excessively absorbed.
And (3) field verification:
to verify the feasibility of the recommended fertilization algorithm, the technology was applied to the inner mongolian four-son flag and the table mountain in 2019 (demonstration 1) and 2020 (demonstration 2) in field demonstration. Demonstration results of the optimized spectral index based potato growing season nitrogen fertilizer application technique performed in demonstration 1 and demonstration 2 strictly in accordance with the above described results are as follows:
TABLE 1 demonstration of nitrogen fertilizer application technique for potato growing season based on optimized spectral index
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117397453A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated equipment, monitoring system and full topdressing method |
| CN117882547A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato drip irrigation fertilization method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117397453A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated equipment, monitoring system and full topdressing method |
| CN117397453B (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-02-23 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Integrated water and fertilizer equipment, monitoring system and full topdressing method |
| CN117882547A (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-04-16 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato drip irrigation fertilization method |
| CN117882547B (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2024-05-10 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Potato drip irrigation fertilization method |
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