CN113430453A

CN113430453A - Preparation method of low-density composite steel plate

Info

Publication number: CN113430453A
Application number: CN202110581676.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵荣贵; 陈林恒; 张宁飞; 刘丽华; 黄贞益; 侯清宇; 韩维雪; 周登虎; 王婵
Original assignee: Anhui University of Technology AHUT; Nanjing Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui University of Technology AHUT; Nanjing Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-27
Filing date: 2021-05-27
Publication date: 2021-09-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-density composite steel plate, which relates to the technical field of steel production and comprises the following steps: s1, vacuum melting: putting the required raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace for smelting, and casting to obtain two casting blanks meeting the requirements of chemical components; s2, forging: respectively heating the two casting blanks to 1100-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, then forging, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than 850 ℃, and then cooling by water, and forging into bars; s3, threaded connection: one end of one forged bar is provided with an external thread, one end of the other forged bar is provided with an internal thread, and the two bars are connected together through the threads; s4, electroslag remelting: putting two different bars into an electroslag remelting furnace together for electroslag remelting; s5, forging: heating the electroslag ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, forging at the initial forging temperature of 1020-1080 ℃ and the final forging temperature of more than 850 ℃, and then cooling with water, and forging to obtain the composite plate. Two low-density steel plates with different hardness are compounded, so that the matching of hardness and softness can be realized, and the anti-elastic capacity is enhanced.

Description

Preparation method of low-density composite steel plate

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of steel production, in particular to a preparation method of a low-density composite steel plate.

Background

The composite board integrates the advantages of all component metals, has physical and chemical properties which are not possessed by a single component, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, transportation, equipment manufacturing and the like. The composite steel plate is formed by compounding two metal plates with different properties by a special processing and preparation method, compared with a single metal component, the composite steel plate after reasonable design and combination combines the respective advantages of the two metal components, can obtain the physical, chemical and mechanical properties which are not possessed by the single metal, greatly saves rare and precious materials, reduces the cost, and has the advantages which are incomparable to the single metal material.

At present, the process research methods of the clad steel plate comprise a direct rolling method, an explosion cladding method and a composite casting method. The direct rolling method comprises a hot rolling compounding method and a cold rolling compounding method, the hot rolling compounding method has higher requirement on temperature, the metal deformation resistance is larger due to too low temperature, a thick oxide layer and a brittle compound can be formed due to too high temperature, and the compounding effect of the composite plate is influenced by the defects; the cold rolling composite method may have the problems of edge crack and the like; toxic gases such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and the like generated by explosion can cause serious environmental pollution, and stress generated at the moment of explosion exceeds the strength of the material and cannot be unloaded well, so that the composite plate can be cracked locally; the composite steel ingot and the steel billet with composite surfaces produced by the composite casting method are easy to separate bonding layers and equipment is easy to break down to cause waste products due to different metal elongation rates during hot processing.

The weight reduction requirements of automobiles, armored vehicles and the like are more and more urgent, and the light alloy is as follows: aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and the like, composite materials such as: carbon fiber composite materials, plastics and the like all contribute obviously to the lightening of the materials, but the steel materials still have obvious advantages by comprehensively considering factors such as cost, manufacture, performance and the like. The thickness of the low-density steel can be obviously reduced on the premise of the same surface density as that of the common steel, and the application prospect is wide. The lightweight of the weapon equipment is the subject of the perpetual development of the weapon equipment, the armor steel is a protective material and a structural material, the matrix armor steel accounts for 30-40% of the total weight of the vehicle, the weight of the armor steel is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the armor steel is required to have good anti-elasticity performance, process performance and economic sustainability, so the armor steel is a contradiction which needs to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation method of a low-density composite steel plate, two low-density steel rods with different hardness and different components are fused into a composite plate through electroslag remelting, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, vacuum melting: putting the required raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace for smelting, and casting to obtain two casting blanks meeting the requirements of chemical components;

s2, forging: respectively heating the two casting blanks to 1100-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, then forging, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than 850 ℃, and then cooling by water, and forging into bars;

s3, threaded connection: one end of one forged bar is provided with an external thread, one end of the other forged bar is provided with an internal thread, and the two bars are connected together through the threads;

s4, electroslag remelting: putting two different bars into an electroslag remelting furnace together for electroslag remelting;

s5, forging: heating the electroslag ingot to 1100-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, forging at the initial forging temperature of 1020-1080 ℃ and the final forging temperature of more than 850 ℃, and then cooling with water, and forging to obtain the composite plate.

The technical scheme of the invention is further defined as follows:

in the aforementioned method for manufacturing a low-density clad steel sheet, the two cast slabs in step S1 include one of high-hardness low-density steel and the other of low-hardness low-density steel.

According to the preparation method of the low-density composite steel plate, the high-hardness low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.3% -2%, Si: 0.3% -1.1%, Cr: 0.3% -1.1%, Ni: 0.3% -1.1%, Mo: 0-0.5%, Nb: 0-0.5%, Mn: 3% -30%, Al: 4 to 10 percent, and the balance of Fe.

In the preparation method of the low-density composite steel plate, the low-hardness low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.3% -2%, V: 0.5% -1%, Mn: 3% -30%, Al: 4 to 10 percent, and the balance of Fe.

In the preparation method of the low-density composite steel plate, the density of the composite steel plate is 6.5-7.0 g/cm³。

According to the preparation method of the low-density composite steel plate, the thickness of the composite steel plate is 4-30 mm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the consumable electrode melting process is adopted to fuse the metal plates into a whole, and the process is protected by the molten slag in the whole fusing process, so that the condition that the metal is easy to oxidize insufficiently by a rolling method is avoided;

(2) compared with an ingot casting rolling method, the method has the advantages that segregation defects in the composite plate almost do not exist, and more importantly, the interface of the composite low-density steel plate manufactured by the method is firmly combined;

(3) the invention uses two low-density steel plates with different hardness to compound, which can realize soft-hard matching and enhance the anti-elastic capability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of penetration of a target practice bullet of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front profile view of a clad steel plate after the targeting test of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a front profile view of a clad steel plate after the targeting test of example 2;

FIG. 5 is a front profile of a clad steel plate after the targeting test of example 3.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the low-density clad steel plate provided in this embodiment includes the specific steps of:

s1, vacuum melting: the required raw materials are put into a vacuum smelting furnace for smelting, and two casting blanks meeting the requirements of chemical components are obtained by casting, wherein the high-hardness low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.3%, Si: 0.3%, Cr: 0.9%, Ni: 0.8%, Mo: 0.25%, Nb: 0.05%, Mn: 3%, Al: 4 percent, the balance being Fe, and the hardness thereof being 344 HB; the low-hardness low-density steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.5%, V: 1%, Mn: 10%, Al: 4 percent, the balance being Fe, and the hardness thereof being 247 HB;

s2, forging: respectively heating the two casting blanks to 1125 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, then forging, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1050 ℃, the final forging temperature is 900 ℃, and then performing water cooling to forge the blanks into bars;

s5, forging: heating the electroslag ingot to 1125 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, forging, performing initial forging at 1050 ℃ and final forging at 900 ℃, then performing water cooling, and forging to obtain the composite plate.

The clad steel plate prepared in example 1 above uses the high hardness side as the panel on the bullet-facing side and the low hardness side as the back panel, and both the front and back sides of the low-density penetration-resistant clad steel plate are flat surfaces. The target shooting test is carried out on the composite steel plate at a position 80m away from the composite steel plate, the gun used is an 85-type sniper rifle, the ammunition is 53-common ammunition, the shooting speed is 832m/s, as shown in figure 2, the ballistic penetration test result is not punctured, the front topography of the composite steel plate after the target shooting test is shown in figure 3, the surface of the bullet-facing surface has obvious damage traces of projectile penetration, but the projectile penetration is not penetrated, and the projectile penetration is effectively resisted.

Example 2

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that when a composite steel plate is subjected to a target shooting test, a panel with a low hardness surface as a bullet facing side is selected, a back plate is selected as a high hardness surface, the used gun and ammunition are the same as those in the embodiment 1, the shooting speed is 825m/s, the ballistic penetration test result is not broken, the front topography of the composite steel plate after the target shooting test is shown in fig. 4, the bullet facing surface has a trace of shooting to the upper surface, but the trace is not damaged to a great extent, and the penetration of the bullet is effectively resisted.

Example 3

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the composite steel plate is subjected to a targeting test at a position 50m away from the composite steel plate, the gun used is an 85-type sniper rifle, the ammunition is 53-penetration bomb, the bomb speed is 780m/s, the ballistic penetration test result is bomb embedding, the front topography of the composite steel plate after the targeting test is shown in fig. 5, the surface of the bomb facing surface is obviously provided with a bomb embedded into the composite steel plate, but the bomb facing surface is not penetrated, and the penetration of the bomb body is effectively resisted.

In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. a preparation method of low-density composite steel plate, is characterized in that: by electroslag remelting two kinds of low-density steel bars of different hardness, different compositions are fused into composite plate, and concrete steps comprise:

S1. Vacuum smelting: put the required raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace for smelting, and cast to obtain two kinds of casting billets that meet the chemical composition requirements;

S2. Forging: respectively heat the two kinds of billets to 1100-1150°C, hold the temperature for 1-2 hours and then forge, the initial forging temperature is 1020-1080°C, the final forging temperature is >850°C, and then water-cooled and forged into bars;

S3. Threaded connection: one end of a forged bar has an external thread, and one end of the other forged bar has an internal thread, and the two bars are connected together by a thread;

S4, electroslag remelting: put two different bars into the electroslag remelting furnace together for electroslag remelting;

S5. Forging: heat the electroslag ingot to 1100-1150°C, hold it for 1-2 hours before forging, the initial forging temperature is 1020-1080°C, the final forging temperature is more than 850°C, and then water-cooled to obtain a composite plate by forging.

2 . The method for preparing a low-density composite steel plate according to claim 1 , wherein the two types of billets in the step S1 are one of high-hardness low-density steel and the other of low-hardness steel. 3 . of low density steel.

3. The method for preparing a low-density composite steel plate according to claim 2, wherein the chemical composition and mass percentage of the high-hardness low-density steel are: C: 0.3%-2%, Si: 0.3%- 1.1%, Cr: 0.3% to 1.1%, Ni: 0.3% to 1.1%, Mo: 0 to 0.5%, Nb: 0 to 0.5%, Mn: 3% to 30%, Al: 4% to 10%, the remainder The amount is Fe.

4. The method for preparing a low-density composite steel plate according to claim 3, wherein the chemical composition and mass percentage of the low-hardness low-density steel are: C: 0.3%-2%, V: 0.5%- 1%, Mn: 3% to 30%, Al: 4% to 10%, and the balance is Fe.

5 . The method for preparing a low-density composite steel plate according to claim 1 , wherein the density of the composite steel plate is 6.5-7.0 g/cm ³ . 6 .

6 . The method for preparing a low-density composite steel plate according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the composite steel plate is 4-30 mm. 7 .