CN109402469A - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its application in terms of preparing shell case - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its application in terms of preparing shell case Download PDFInfo
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- CN109402469A CN109402469A CN201811059094.4A CN201811059094A CN109402469A CN 109402469 A CN109402469 A CN 109402469A CN 201811059094 A CN201811059094 A CN 201811059094A CN 109402469 A CN109402469 A CN 109402469A
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- aluminum alloy
- alloy material
- alloy materials
- shell case
- aluminum
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010039 TiAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015392 FeAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001398 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及枪弹技术领域，具体涉及一种铝合金材料及其在制备弹壳方面的应用。所述铝合金材料成分包括锌4.0~7.0wt.%，铜1.0~2.0wt.%，锰0.3~0.7wt.%，稀土0.01~0.05wt.%，钛0~0.05wt.%，铬0~0.05wt.%和铝。本发明采用所述的铝合金材料制得的弹壳具有高强韧、耐烧蚀、成型性好的显著优点，能够耐弹腔内产生的瞬时高温、高压，发生弹性形变而不产生破裂，可承受400MPa的膛压和1000℃的瞬时高温，弹头初速达1200m/s，有效避免弹壳变形、开裂及腐蚀现象，与钢弹壳相比较整体质量降低20%以上，各项参数达到军方使用标准，可成功替代目前使用的铜质、钢质弹壳，减轻轻武器重量，提高单兵机动性能和作战能力。The invention relates to the technical field of bullets, in particular to an aluminum alloy material and its application in preparing bullet casings. The aluminum alloy material composition includes zinc 4.0-7.0wt.%, copper 1.0-2.0wt.%, manganese 0.3-0.7wt.%, rare earth 0.01-0.05wt.%, titanium 0-0.05wt.%, chromium 0- 0.05wt.% and aluminum. The bullet casing made of the aluminum alloy material in the present invention has the remarkable advantages of high strength and toughness, ablation resistance and good formability, can withstand the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated in the bullet cavity, undergo elastic deformation without rupture, and can withstand The chamber pressure of 400MPa and the instantaneous high temperature of 1000℃, the initial velocity of the warhead reaches 1200m/s, which effectively avoids the deformation, cracking and corrosion of the cartridge case. Compared with the steel cartridge case, the overall quality is reduced by more than 20%. It has successfully replaced the currently used copper and steel bullet casings, reduced the weight of light weapons, and improved the maneuverability and combat capability of individual soldiers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bullet technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of aluminum alloy materials and its in terms of preparing shell case
Application.
Background technique
The loss of weight of small arms is the main path for improving troop operation mobility, and by taking individual equipment as an example, infantry soldiers exist
Load is up to 35kg in the war in Iraq, the standard that overloads l0kg.Individual soldier averagely bears a heavy burden about 50kg on Afghan battlefield, high
Load, which is marched, weakens the mobility and fight capability of individual soldier, and automates weapon as the core in individual equipment operation strike
And key, system weight is reduced, fighting efficiency is utmostly played, oneself becomes the ultimate aim of its development.Artillery ammunition
Loss of weight, then can be effectively reduced soldier's loading weight, improve individual soldier's mobility and fight capability.The tough shell case of high-strength light is developed to come in fact
Existing bullet loss of weight is effective way, and shell case loss of weight stands in the breach, because the weight of shell case almost accounts for the half of bullet weight.
From the technical point of view, brass is the most excellent material for producing cylindrantherae, have good intensity, elongation percentage and bullet
Property, and elasticity modulus is low, is convenient for ejection, it is small to the abrasive action of gun barrel, but unfortunately, brass resource is not enriched, Bu Nengman
The demand that sufficient ammunition largely consumes, and its price, it is at high cost, it is less economical.
Steel case is as second generation shell case instead of the application of copper.According to shell case service requirement, steel be must assure that
Certain mechanical performance, and phosphorus content is then the principal element for determining carbon steel performance, on the one hand the raising of phosphorus content improves material
Expect intensity, on the other hand decline the plasticity of material, poor processability, and molding die is caused to wear, rejection rate increases.With
Modernization quickening and science and technology progress, future war environment and operation condition are put forward new requirements, lightweight bullet
Shell material is the direction for needing key breakthrough.
The density of aluminium is 2.7t/m3, it is the one third of copper and iron, light weight, specific strength is good, specific stiffness is high, has good
Good electrical and thermal conductivity, craftsmanship and corrosion resistance.The especially high tough aluminium alloy of its aluminium alloy is because having light weight, corrosion resistant
Erosion, the advantages that specific strength is high, are widely used in civil fields such as machinery, building materials, chemical industry, packagings.Aluminium alloy is as light weight
Change cartridge casing material, shell case weight can be greatly lowered, improves individual combat efficiency.Currently, aluminium alloy shell case forming technique has become
For the emphasis of various countries' ammunition lightweight research.
High temperature and the gun pressure impact of ammunition explosion are subjected to when cartridge shooting, it is necessary to have higher intensity and heat-resisting quantity
Energy.But existing aluminum alloy materials, applied to when preparing shell case, extrudability is poor, and elongation percentage is low, it is difficult to realize that big plasticity becomes
Shape, intensity, deflection, high temperature resistance require aspect that cannot meet the requirements, therefore aluminum alloy materials substitution copper or steel
Material is applied to aluminium alloy shell case and manufactures, and there are technical problems.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the technical deficiencies of existing aluminum alloy materials, especially as shell case material
The deficiency of material provides a kind of aluminum alloy materials.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the application of the aluminum alloy materials is provided, especially in cartridge casing material
The application of aspect.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of shell case of aluminum alloy materials includes aluminium alloy, and the aluminium alloy contains:
4.0~7.0wt.% of zinc,
1.0~2.0wt.% of copper,
1.5~3.0wt.% of manganese,
0.01~0.05wt.% of rare earth,
Rest part includes aluminium and impurity Si, Fe element.
Further, the aluminum alloy materials contain one or more of titanium, chromium, wherein Ti content be 0~
0.05wt.%, chromium content are 0~0.05wt.%.
Further, the rare earth is cerium, and content is 0.01~0.05wt.%.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy materials, ingredient include: zinc 5.0wt.%, copper 1.5wt.%, manganese 0.5wt.%,
Rare earth 0.02wt.%, titanium 0.02wt.%, chromium 0.02wt.%, remaining ingredient are aluminium.
Using aluminium as substrate, addition copper, manganese, zinc are that main component and micro rare earth element design novel aluminum alloy material
Material.The density of main body aluminium element is low, and plasticity is good, can reduce the shell case weight of production, but the intensity of fine aluminium is lower, is unsatisfactory for conduct
The intensity requirement of shell case.
Further, zinc is added in aluminum alloy materials, and the intensity and hardness of aluminum alloy materials greatly improve.
Further, the intensity and hardness of aluminum alloy materials can be enhanced in the addition of copper, meets the intensity requirement of shell case.
Further, the heat resistance of aluminum alloy materials can be improved in the addition of manganese, enhances the elevated temperature strength of aluminium alloy, and manganese is logical
The recrystallization process for preventing aluminium alloy is crossed, recrystallization temperature, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE that can be resistance to 1000 DEG C or more are improved, manganese can simultaneously lead to
It crosses to form MnAl6Compound disperses particle has grown up inhibition to recrystal grain, and significant refinement recrystallization particle improves aluminium
Alloy material intensity.
Further, rare earth metal is added to aluminum alloy materials, can refine crystal grain, significantly improves the physico of material
Performance is learned, and improves the room temperature and high-temperature mechanical property of aluminum alloy materials, while rare earth and hydrogen form stable REH, with solid
Form absorb molten aluminum in a large amount of hydrogen, reduce hydrogen content, eliminate stomata, improve the mechanical property of aluminum alloy materials.
Further, the addition of titanium can be improved the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy materials, also, titanium can be used as crystal grain refinement
Agent forms traditional Al-Ti grain refiner with Al, and Ti peritectic reaction in Al generates TiAl3, TiAl3It is connect with liquid metals
Effective forming core basal plane when contacting surface is solidified aluminum, increases nucleation rate, so that crystalline structure be made to refine, improves aluminum alloy materials
Toughness.
Further, chromium forms CrMnAl in aluminium12(CrFe) Al7Equal intermetallic compounds, hinder the shape of recrystallization
Core and growth process have certain invigoration effect to alloy, moreover it is possible to improve alloy ductility, reduce stress corrosion and cracking susceptible
Property.Meanwhile (CrFe) Al7Impurity ferro element can be reduced to the adverse effect of aluminum alloy materials.
Further, the purity of the raw material of the shell case of the aluminum alloy materials is 99.9% or more, impurity iron and silicon
Content is less than 0.2wt.%, and impurity silicon can reduce the ductility of aluminum alloy materials, and Tie Huiyu aluminium forms FeAl3Compound causes
Aluminum alloy materials become fragile, and machinability is deteriorated, and damage surface flatness.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials, the specific steps are that:
S1. smelting apparatus is added in aluminium, is heated to melting, sequentially add copper, manganese, zinc, titanium, chromium, rare earth, melting is passed through
Protective gas, refining；
S2. by the material injection molding of melting, heat treatment is cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials.
Preferably, gas described in step S1 is dry nitrogen, dry argon, anhydrous helium, anhydrous Krypton, anhydrous xenon
Gas, anhydrous radon gas it is one or more.
Preferably, warming temperature described in step S1 is 760~800 DEG C, smelting time described in step S1 is 30~
60min, refining time are 20~30min.
Preferably, heat treatment temperature described in step S2 is 450~470 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1~2h.
Aluminum alloy materials made from the preparation method can be applied to prepare shell case, be preferably applied to the light of individual soldier's carrying
The bullet shell case of weapon.
The preparation method of the shell case the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in punch forming aluminium alloy shell case in stamping die, made annealing treatment；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Preferably, the impact of aluminum alloy materials described in step S3 molding number is 5~8 times；Annealing temperature described in step S3
It is 430~470 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5~15min.
In fusion process, molten aluminium alloy is easy to produce the field trashes such as hydrogen and aluminium oxide, forms stomata, folder in the material
The defect of slag reduces the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy materials.Inert gas is passed through in melt, inert gas and hydrogen generate partial pressure
Difference, hydrogen, which just enters, is discharged melt in bubble, and can adsorb some impurity discharge aluminum alloy materials.Meanwhile it preventing in high melt
In the process, the oxidation of aluminum alloy materials.It is further preferred that gas described in step S1 is dry nitrogen, dry argon.
Aluminium alloy smelting temperature is excessively high, will increase oxidation, the air-breathing, alloy infiltration iron of molten aluminum, reduces the performance of aluminium alloy；Temperature
Spend low, the grain refining effect of aluminium alloy is slow, and effect is poor.Molten aluminum is added in rare earth, need to stand certain time, keeps its diffusion equal
It is even.It is further preferred that the smelting time is it is further preferred that heating melting temperature described in step S1 is 780 DEG C
45min, the time of refining are 25min.
Aluminium has preferable ductility as a kind of light metal, but its hardness is unsatisfactory for production shell case requirement.By adding it
His metallic element improves the mechanical property of aluminum material.Other alloying elements are added in fine aluminium, forms aluminium base solid solution, causes lattice
Distortion hinders dislocation motion, plays solution strengthening effect, and the intensity for enabling aluminum alloy to material improves.Alloying element is to the another of aluminium
Kind invigoration effect is realized by heat treatment, and aluminium element does not have the transformation of ppolymorphism, and alloying element has larger in aluminium alloy
Solid solubility, and reduce and reduce with temperature.After aluminum alloy materials are heated to a certain temperature, oversaturated aluminium base solid solution can be obtained
The extension at any time of body, intensity and hardness and increase, the time it is too long, agglomeration, intensity decline is precipitated in alloying element.Into
Preferably, heat treatment temperature described in step S2 is 460 DEG C to one step, keeps the temperature 1.5h.
The shell case of the aluminum alloy materials uses punch forming.It is thin, high that light weight, thickness can be obtained in the forming method
The product of rigidity is suitable for shell case requirement, and productivity is good, is suitble to produce in enormous quantities, at low cost.The uniform system of quality can be obtained
The dimensional tolerance of product, shell case depends on mold, and not needing machine cuts can be used, and stock utilization is high and recyclability is good.
Aluminum alloy materials by 5~8 passage punch forming aluminium alloy shell cases, by aluminium alloy small column ingot be placed in mold into
The 1st passage punching press of row molds cartridge case base shape (including fire in a stove before fuel is added), and intermediate several passages are mainly extended cylinder part, and last 1
Passage is to close up, and final molding goes out aluminium alloy shell case.
Annealing can eliminate aluminum alloy materials shell case in stamping forming residual stress, and stable dimensions reduce deformation and split
Line tendency, refines crystal grain, eliminates tissue defects.It is further preferred that annealing temperature described in step S3 is 450 DEG C, heat preservation
10min。
The shell case of the aluminum alloy materials further increases the table of aluminium alloy shell case using hard anodizing treatment process
Surface hardness and modulate required appearance color.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is:
China is huge to the demand of firearm cartridge every year, and the aluminum alloy materials raw materials for production are resourceful, bullet
Shell can mass production provide, do not have to worry resource scarcity problem, the poor problem of China's copper resource can be effectively relieved.Aluminium alloy
Material surface is covered with one layer of fine and close Al2O3Film, for fusing point up to 2000 DEG C, heat and corrosion resisting is high, is resistant to the instantaneous height that bullet goes out thorax
Temperature.Meanwhile aluminium, as light material, density is only the 1/3 of copper and iron density, passes through addition copper, manganese Metal and trace rare-earth
Metallic element can greatly improve the mechanical performances such as the intensity of aluminium, hardness, can bear the gun pressure of 400MPa or more, meet the strong of shell case
Degree requires.
Aluminum alloy materials shell case is compared with copper and steel shell case, the metal total weight decline of the bullet consumption of equivalent amount
2/3, when loading the bullet of identical quantity, bullet overall weight mitigates 20% or more, in the identical quality condition that bears a heavy burden
Under, individual soldier, which takes bullet amount, can increase by 20% or more.Individual soldier carries the mitigation of ammunition quantity increased or carry weight bearing, and individual soldier can be improved
Combat manoeuvre ability, survival ability, fight capability have huge contribution to modernized war is won.In addition, aluminium has very again
Processing performance is recycled well, is economized on resources, requirement of building a resource-conserving society is met.
Specific embodiment
It is explained further and illustrates below with reference to embodiment, but specific embodiment does not have any type of limit to the present invention
It is fixed.Unless otherwise specified, method and apparatus used in embodiment is conventional method in that art and equipment, raw materials used is normal
Advise marketable material.
The invention discloses a kind of method of high tough aluminium alloy, aluminium alloy by following mass percent alloying component
Composition:
4.0~7.0wt.% of zinc,
1.0~2.0wt.% of copper,
1.5~3.0wt.% of manganese,
0.01~0.05wt.% of rare earth,
Rest part includes aluminium and impurity Si, Fe element.
The aluminium alloy further contains one or more of titanium, chromium, and wherein Ti content is 0~0.05wt.%, and chromium contains
Amount is 0~0.05wt.%.
The purity of the raw material of aluminum alloy is greater than 99.9%, and impurity Si, Fe content is less than 0.2wt.%.
The preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials that the height is tough, comprising the following steps:
S1. smelting apparatus is added in aluminium, is heated to aluminium melting, copper, manganese, zinc, titanium, chromium, rare earth is added, melting is passed through guarantor
Protect gas, refining；
S2. by the material injection molding of melting, heat treatment is cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium at 780 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially add copper, manganese,
Zinc, titanium, chromium, rare earth, melting 45min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 25min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 460 DEG C of heat treatment 1.5h by the material injection molding of melting.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium at 800 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially add copper, manganese,
Zinc, titanium, chromium, rare earth, melting 60min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 20min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 470 DEG C of heat treatment 1.0h by the material injection molding of melting.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium at 780 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially add copper, manganese,
Zinc, titanium, chromium, rare earth, melting 45min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 25min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 460 DEG C of heat treatment 2.0h by the material injection molding of melting.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium at 780 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially add copper, manganese,
Zinc, titanium, chromium, rare earth, melting 30min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 30min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 460 DEG C of heat treatment 1.5h by the material injection molding of melting.Aluminium closes
Golden material composition content is as shown in table 1:
1 aluminum alloy materials component content of table
The aluminum alloy materials and its shell case that the ingredient described in above embodiments and preparation step obtain carry out characterization test.
The room temperature tensile properties test of sample is carried out in 3369 stretching-machine of Instron, tensile speed is 1.0 mm/min.
According to Examples 1 to 4 test tensile property, result such as table 2:
Table 2
According to table 2, prepared aluminum alloy materials tensile strength properties get a promotion, ductility enhancing, wherein real
It applies intensity in example 1 and toughness is best.Shell case is made in the resulting aluminum alloy materials of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides application of the high tough aluminum alloy materials in terms of preparing shell case, select in above-described embodiment most
It is prepared by the aluminum alloy materials of good embodiment 1, prepare lightweight shell case method the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in stamping die, lubricating fluid is added, passes through 7 punch forming aluminium alloy bullets
Shell, it is cooling in 450 DEG C of annealing 10min, air；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment provides application of the high tough aluminum alloy materials in terms of preparing shell case, select in above-described embodiment most
It is prepared by the aluminum alloy materials of good embodiment 1, prepare lightweight shell case method the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in stamping die, lubricating fluid is added, passes through 8 punch forming aluminium alloy bullets
Shell, it is cooling in 430 DEG C of annealing 15min, air；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment provides application of the high tough aluminum alloy materials in terms of preparing shell case, select in above-described embodiment most
It is prepared by the aluminum alloy materials of good embodiment 1, prepare lightweight shell case method the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in stamping die, lubricating fluid is added, passes through 5 punch forming aluminium alloy bullets
Shell, it is cooling in 470 DEG C of annealing 5min, air；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Prepared shell case is subjected to ball firing experiment, shell case is tested after ball firing.
Physical and chemical performance measurement result shows: the quality of aluminium alloy shell case be about copper shell case, steel case 1/3, realize
Mitigate 20% or more (12.7mm bore) of entire bullet weight；The corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy shell case after anodized surface processing
It can be 10 times or more of steel shell case.
The result shows that aluminium alloy shell case is after ball firing after live shell test, the dislocation density of shell case is significantly reduced, and is occurred
Perfect recrystallization, is organized as uniform, equiaxial nanometer crystal microstructure.Shell case does not find ablation, deformation, cracking phenomena.Aluminium closes
Golden shell case can bear the gun pressure and 1000 DEG C of TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE of 400MPa or more, and bullet initial velocity reaches 1200m/s or more.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, and comes for those skilled in the art
It says, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any modification, equivalent
Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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