CN109055838A - A kind of high tough aluminum alloy materials and its application in terms of preparing shell case - Google Patents
A kind of high tough aluminum alloy materials and its application in terms of preparing shell case Download PDFInfo
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- CN109055838A CN109055838A CN201811059092.5A CN201811059092A CN109055838A CN 109055838 A CN109055838 A CN 109055838A CN 201811059092 A CN201811059092 A CN 201811059092A CN 109055838 A CN109055838 A CN 109055838A
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- aluminum alloy
- shell case
- alloy material
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010039 TiAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001398 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 copper manganese magnesium chromium titanium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000984 pole figure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强韧的铝合金材料及其在制备弹壳方面的应用。所述铝合金材料的成分包括铜3.0~5.0wt.%，镁2.0~4.0wt.%，钛0.01~0.03wt.%，铬0.01~0.03wt.%，锆0.01~0.03wt.%、锰0.5~1.5wt.%和铝。本发明采用所述材料制得的弹壳具有轻质和强韧性的显著优点，能够耐弹腔内产生的瞬时高温、高压，发生弹性形变而不产生破裂，可承受400MPa的膛压和1000℃以上的瞬时高温，有效避免弹壳开裂、烧蚀现象，尤其适用于单兵轻武器子弹，弹头初速1200m/s以上，与钢弹壳相比较整体质量降低20%以上，各项参数达到军方使用标准，可成功替代目前使用的铜质、钢质弹壳，减轻武器重量。
The invention discloses a high-strength and tough aluminum alloy material and its application in preparing bullet casings. The composition of the aluminum alloy material includes copper 3.0~5.0wt.%, magnesium 2.0~4.0wt.%, titanium 0.01~0.03wt.%, chromium 0.01~0.03wt.%, zirconium 0.01~0.03wt.%, manganese 0.5 ~1.5wt.% and aluminum. The bullet case made of the material in the present invention has the remarkable advantages of light weight and strong toughness, can withstand the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated in the bullet cavity, undergoes elastic deformation without rupture, and can withstand a chamber pressure of 400MPa and temperatures above 1000°C The instantaneous high temperature can effectively avoid the cracking and ablation of the shell case, especially suitable for individual light weapon bullets. The initial velocity of the warhead is above 1200m/s, and the overall quality is reduced by more than 20% compared with the steel shell case. Successfully replace the currently used copper and steel shells and reduce the weight of weapons.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bullet technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of high tough aluminum alloy materials and its are preparing
Application in terms of shell case.
Background technique
On battlefield, large caliber weapon carries compacting enemy firepower as weapons of mass destruction, destroys the weight of enemy's defence
Weapon is wanted, strike range, strike reaction speed, Beating Strength are in the continuous improvement.Currently, used large caliber weapon is
The high steel material of intensity is shell case, and weight is big, inconvenient to carry, limits the mobility of heavy weapons, especially automatic chemical weapons
Device, onboard ammunition, the vehicle of equal-wattage, the mitigation of loading capacity can effectively improve mobility.The light weight of heavy caliber ammunition
Change, is the effective way for improving large caliber weapon mobility.
Currently, obtaining efficient and light weight energy shell case using Lightweight Technology, oneself becomes the realization light-weighted main way of weapon system
Diameter and research emphasis.All the time, aluminium alloy is used as substituting the main material of copper steel manufacture shell case.The original of aluminium alloy
Expect it is rich and easy to get arrive, as lightweight cartridge casing material, shell case weight can be greatly lowered.As it can be seen that weight can be mitigated using aluminium, and
And it can make it possible big carrying amount.
It solves aluminium alloy shell case technical problem to be, finds the aluminum alloy materials haveing excellent performance, improve aluminum alloy materials
Intensity, hardness guarantee it with good toughness and heat resistanceheat resistant corrosion.Large caliber weapon gun pressure in shooting is big, such as tank
Cannon gun pressure is more than 550MPa, the gun pressure of longrange artillery is higher, shooting when temperature it is high；To shell case intensity, deflection, heat-resisting quantity
It can require high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the technical deficiencies of existing aluminum alloy materials, especially as shell case material
The deficiency of material provides a kind of high tough aluminum alloy materials.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the application of the aluminum alloy materials is provided, especially in cartridge casing material
The application of aspect.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of high tough aluminum alloy materials are provided, ingredient contains:
3.0~5.0wt.% of copper,
2.0~4.0wt.% of magnesium,
0.01~0.03wt.% of titanium,
0.01~0.03wt.% of chromium,
0.01~0.03wt.% of zirconium,
Rest part includes aluminium and impurity Si, Fe element.
Further, the aluminum alloy materials contain manganese, wherein 0.5~1.5wt.% of manganese.
Preferably, the tough aluminum alloy materials of the height, ingredient include: copper 4.0wt.%, magnesium 2.2wt.%, manganese
0.6wt.%, titanium 0.02wt.%, chromium 0.02wt.%, zirconium 0.01wt.%, rest part are aluminium.
Using aluminium as substrate, addition copper, magnesium are that main component and micro chromium, titanium, zr element design novel aluminum alloy material
Material.The density of main body aluminium element is low, and plasticity is good, can reduce the shell case weight of production, but the intensity of fine aluminium is lower, is unsatisfactory for conduct
The intensity requirement of shell case.
Further, the solution strengthening and ageing strengthening effect of copper increases copper content, improves the mobility of alloy, tension
Intensity and hardness, are improved mechanical performance, and machinability improves.
Further, magnesium improves tensile strength and yield limit, improves the machinability of alloy.
Further, the addition of titanium can be improved the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy materials, also, titanium can be used as crystal grain refinement
Agent forms traditional Al-Ti grain refiner with Al, and Ti peritectic reaction in Al generates TiAl3, TiAl3With liquid metal contacts
Effective forming core basal plane when face is solidified aluminum, increases nucleation rate, so that crystalline structure be made to refine, improves the strong of aluminum alloy materials
Toughness.
Further, chromium forms CrMnAl in aluminium12(CrFe) Al7Equal intermetallic compounds, hinder the shape of recrystallization
Core and growth process have certain invigoration effect to alloy, moreover it is possible to improve alloy ductility, reduce stress corrosion and cracking susceptible
Property.Meanwhile (CrFe) Al7Impurity ferro element can be reduced to the adverse effect of aluminum alloy materials.
Further, zirconium is added to aluminum alloy materials, can significantly improve resistance to ablation, the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy materials
Can, and improve the room temperature and high-temperature mechanical property of aluminum alloy materials.
Further, the purity of the raw material of the shell case of the tough aluminum alloy materials of the described height is miscellaneous 99.9% or more
Matter iron and silicone content are less than 0.2wt.%, and impurity silicon can reduce the ductility of aluminum alloy materials, and iron can form FeAl with aluminium3Chemical combination
Object causes aluminum alloy materials to become fragile, and machinability is deteriorated, and damages surface flatness.Silicon and magnesium form Mg2Si can be enabled aluminum alloy to
Become fragile.
Further, the heat resistance of aluminum alloy materials can be improved in the addition of manganese, enhances the elevated temperature strength of aluminium alloy, and manganese is logical
The recrystallization process for preventing aluminium alloy is crossed, recrystallization temperature, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE that can be resistance to 1000 DEG C or more are improved, manganese can simultaneously lead to
It crosses to form MnAl6Compound disperses particle has grown up inhibition to recrystal grain, and significant refinement recrystallization particle improves aluminium
Alloy material intensity.MnAl6Another effect be can dissolved impurity iron (Fe), formed (Fe, Mn) Al6Reduce the adverse effect of iron.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials, the specific steps are that:
S1. smelting apparatus is added in aluminium, is heated to melting, sequentially add copper, manganese, titanium, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, melting is passed through guarantor
Protect gas, refining；
S2. by the material injection molding of melting, heat treatment is cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials.
Preferably, gas described in step S1 is dry nitrogen, dry argon, anhydrous helium, anhydrous Krypton, anhydrous xenon
Gas, anhydrous radon gas it is one or more.
Preferably, warming temperature described in step S1 is 760~800 DEG C, smelting time described in step S1 is 30~
60min, refining time are 20~30min.
Preferably, heat treatment temperature described in step S2 is 450~470 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1~2h.
Aluminum alloy materials made from the preparation method can be applied to prepare shell case；It is preferably applied to prepare cannon, smooth
The shell case of the bullet of gram big gun or airborne heavy firearms.
The preparation method of the shell case the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in punch forming aluminium alloy shell case in stamping die, made annealing treatment；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Preferably, it is 5~8 times that aluminum alloy materials described in step S3, which impact molding number of shocks,；It is moved back described in step S3
Fiery temperature is 430~470 DEG C, keeps the temperature 5~15min.
In fusion process, molten aluminium alloy is easy to produce the field trashes such as hydrogen and aluminium oxide, forms stomata, folder in the material
The defect of slag reduces the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy materials.Inert gas is passed through in melt, inert gas and hydrogen generate partial pressure
Difference, hydrogen, which just enters, is discharged melt in bubble, and can adsorb some impurity discharge aluminum alloy materials.Meanwhile it preventing in high melt
In the process, the oxidation of aluminum alloy materials.It is further preferred that gas described in step S1 is dry nitrogen.
Aluminium alloy smelting temperature is excessively high, will increase oxidation, the air-breathing, alloy infiltration iron of molten aluminum, reduces the performance of aluminium alloy；Temperature
Spend low, the grain refining effect of aluminium alloy is slow, and effect is poor.Molten aluminum is added in the copper manganese magnesium chromium titanium zr element of aluminum alloy materials, needs
Certain time is stood, keeps its diffusion uniform.It is further preferred that heating melting temperature described in step S1 is 780 DEG C, it is described molten
The refining time is 45min, and the time of refining is 25min.
Aluminium has preferable ductility as a kind of light metal, but its hardness is unsatisfactory for production shell case requirement.By adding it
His metallic element improves the mechanical property of aluminum material.Other alloying elements are added in fine aluminium, forms aluminium base solid solution, causes lattice
Distortion hinders dislocation motion, plays solution strengthening effect, and the intensity for enabling aluminum alloy to material improves.Alloying element is to the another of aluminium
Kind invigoration effect is realized by heat treatment, and aluminium element does not have the transformation of ppolymorphism, and alloying element has larger in aluminium alloy
Solid solubility, and reduce and reduce with temperature.After aluminum alloy materials are heated to a certain temperature, oversaturated aluminium base solid solution can be obtained
The extension at any time of body, intensity and hardness and increase, the time it is too long, agglomeration, intensity decline is precipitated in alloying element.Into
Preferably, heat treatment temperature described in step S2 is 460 DEG C to one step, keeps the temperature 1.5h.
The shell case for the aluminum alloy materials that the height is tough uses punch forming.The forming method can be obtained light weight,
Thickness is thin, high rigidity product, is suitable for shell case requirement, and productivity is good, is suitble to produce in enormous quantities, at low cost.Product can be obtained
The dimensional tolerance of the uniform product of matter, shell case depends on mold, and not needing machine cuts can be used, and stock utilization is high and returns
The property received is good.
Aluminum alloy materials by 5~8 passage punch forming aluminium alloy shell cases, by aluminium alloy small column ingot be placed in mold into
The 1st passage punching press of row molds cartridge case base shape, and intermediate several passages are mainly cylinder part of extending, and last 1 passage is to receive
Mouthful, final molding goes out aluminium alloy shell case.
Annealing can eliminate aluminum alloy materials shell case in stamping forming residual stress, and stable dimensions reduce deformation and split
Line tendency, refines crystal grain, eliminates tissue defects.It is further preferred that annealing temperature described in step S3 is 450 DEG C, heat preservation
10min。
The shell case of the aluminum alloy materials further increases the table of aluminium alloy shell case using hard anodizing treatment process
Surface hardness and modulate required appearance color.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is:
The most heavy caliber ammunition in China uses steel ammunition casing, compared to present steel ammunition casing, this hair
The shell case for the aluminum alloy materials that the bright height is tough can mitigate the abrasion to weapon part significantly, improve the longevity that weapon uses
Life.The springback capacity of the shell case for the aluminum alloy materials that the height is tough is small, is not easy to get stuck.Using stamping forming method, technique
Upper easy processing, can be mass-produced.The obdurability that aluminium alloy is improved by being added to the metallic elements such as titanium, chromium makes its satisfaction
Shell case rupture, fire in a stove before fuel is added gas leakage etc. will not occur during the launch process in the high-strength of large caliber weapon ammunition, high-ductility, chemical stability
Situation.Meanwhile the shell case of aluminum alloy materials is to realize one of light-weighted important channel of weaponry, such as certain large-bore machine gun,
Steel shell case is 90g, when the shell case made from the tough aluminum alloy materials of height of the invention instead after, weight is only the left side 30g
The right side reduces almost 2/3rds, when carrying the ammunition of identical weight, takes bullet amount and greatly improves, and enhances my army
Striking capabilities.In air weapon ammunition, car body weight is mitigated using the shell case of aluminum alloy materials, it is anti-to be conducive to army's fast reserve
Should be able to power, the lightweight of ammunition can increase ammunition range, expand strike range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the ODF sectional view of high tough aluminum alloy plate materials under the conditions of different distortion；
Fig. 2 is orientated the variation diagram of orientation density on line for tough aluminum alloy plate materials β high under the conditions of different distortion；
Fig. 3 is the micro-organization chart of aluminum alloy materials；
Fig. 4 is the micro-organization chart of aluminum alloy materials shell case preshot；
Fig. 5 is the micro-organization chart after the shooting of aluminum alloy materials shell case.
Specific embodiment
It is explained further and illustrates below with reference to embodiment, but specific embodiment does not have any type of limit to the present invention
It is fixed.Unless otherwise specified, method and apparatus used in embodiment is conventional method in that art and equipment, raw materials used is normal
Advise marketable material.
The invention discloses a kind of method of high tough aluminium alloy, aluminium alloy by following mass percent alloying component
Composition:
3.0~5.0wt.% of copper,
2.0~4.0wt.% of magnesium,
0.01~0.03wt.% of titanium,
0.01~0.03wt.% of chromium,
0.01~0.03wt.% of zirconium,
Rest part includes aluminium and impurity Si, Fe element.
Further, the aluminum alloy materials contain manganese, and wherein manganese content is 0.5-1.5wt.%.
Further, the purity of the raw material of the shell case of the tough aluminum alloy materials of the described height is miscellaneous 99.9% or more
Matter iron and silicone content are less than 0.2wt.%.
The preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials that the height is tough, comprising the following steps:
S1. it is heated to melting, sequentially adds copper, manganese, titanium, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, melting is passed through protective gas, refining；
S2. by the material injection molding of melting, heat treatment is cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium at 780 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially add copper, manganese,
Titanium, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, melting 45min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 25min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 460 DEG C of heat treatment 1.5h by the material injection molding of melting.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium alloy at 800 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially adds
Copper, manganese, titanium, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, melting 60min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 20min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 470 DEG C of heat treatment 1.0h by the material injection molding of melting.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium alloy at 780 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially adds
Copper, manganese, titanium, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, melting 45min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 25min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 460 DEG C of heat treatment 2.0h by the material injection molding of melting.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides the method for the high tough aluminum alloy materials of preparation, the purity of all raw material 99.9% with
On, the component content of aluminum alloy materials is as shown in table 1, specific preparation step are as follows:
S1. smelting furnace is added in the aluminium of purity 99.99%, is heated to aluminium alloy at 780 DEG C and melts completely, sequentially adds
Copper, manganese, titanium, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, melting 30min are passed through dry nitrogen, refine 30min；
S2. cooling up to the aluminum alloy materials in 460 DEG C of heat treatment 1.5h by the material injection molding of melting.
Aluminum alloy materials component content is as shown in table 1:
1 aluminum alloy materials component content of table
Characterization test is carried out to the aluminum alloy materials of above embodiments preparation.
1. tensile property is tested
The room temperature tensile properties test of sample, tensile speed 1.0mm/min are carried out in 3369 stretching-machine of Instron.Root
According to Examples 1 to 44 test tensile property, result such as table 2:
Table 2
According to table 2, prepared aluminum alloy materials tensile strength properties get a promotion, ductility enhancing, wherein real
It applies intensity in example 1 and toughness is best.The resulting aluminum alloy materials of embodiment 1 are subjected to texture test, and by prepared aluminium
Shell case is made in alloy material.
2. texture is tested
The aluminum alloy materials of embodiment 1 carry out electrobrightening after No. 1500 sand paper are polished, and the ingredient of polishing fluid is nitre
Acid+methanol (volume ratio 1:3), operating temperature are -25 DEG C, operating voltage 20V, electric current 0.5A, and polishing time is about
40s.Alcohol repeated flushing, drying are used after sample polishing immediately, and puts in drying basin and saves.Texture determination is in Bruker
It is carried out on D8Discover X-ray diffractometer, tube voltage 40kV, tube current 40mA.It is radiated using CuK α, pole figure measurement
Range: α is 5 °~85 °, and β is 0 °~360 °.
Shell case aluminium alloy is tested into its texture characteristic using unidirection rolling (AAA) and tandem rolling (CBA), and with extruding
State material compares.The ODF sectional view of high tough aluminum alloy plate materials is as shown in Figure 1, different distortion item under the conditions of different distortion
The variation of orientation density is as shown in Figure 2 on shell case aluminum alloy plate materials β orientation line under part.
As seen from Figure 1, the texture characteristic of As-extruded alloy shows as typical Brass texture { 110 }<112>and S texture
{ 123 }<634>roll the texture characteristic of state alloy mainly with Brass { 110 }<112>, Copper { 112 }<111>and S { 123 }
<634>based on texture, but can develop into during intermediate annealing with Cube { 001 }<100>, Goss { 011 }<100>and R
{ 124 }<211>texture is the texture characteristic of main component；Compared with AAA rolling state alloy, CBA rolling state alloy does not have allusion quotation
The texture characteristic of type, texture intensity are substantially reduced.
As shown in Figure 2, Brass texture { 110 }<112>orientation density is most strong in AAA rolling state plate, grade 11.3
Grade, As-extruded state plate take second place, and about 6 grades, CBA rolling state sheet alloy is weaker, and about 2.5 grades.In As-extruded alloy
Copper texture { 112 }<111>orientation density is most strong, and close to 5 grades, CBA rolling state plate takes second place, and about 1.5 grades, AAA rolling
State plate is smaller, and about 0.5 grade.Three kinds of modes of texturing are compared, CBA rolling state plate orientation density on β orientation line is lower,
There is no typical texture characteristic.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides application of the high tough aluminum alloy materials in terms of preparing shell case, select in above-described embodiment most
It is prepared by the aluminum alloy materials of good embodiment 1, prepare lightweight shell case method the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in stamping die, lubricating fluid is added, passes through 7 punch forming aluminium alloy bullets
Shell, it is cooling in 450 DEG C of annealing 10min, air；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment provides application of the high tough aluminum alloy materials in terms of preparing shell case, select in above-described embodiment most
It is prepared by the aluminum alloy materials of good embodiment 1, prepare lightweight shell case method the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in stamping die, lubricating fluid is added, passes through 8 punch forming aluminium alloy bullets
Shell, it is cooling in 430 DEG C of annealing 15min, air；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment provides application of the high tough aluminum alloy materials in terms of preparing shell case, select in above-described embodiment most
It is prepared by the aluminum alloy materials of good embodiment 1, prepare lightweight shell case method the following steps are included:
S3. the aluminum alloy materials are placed in stamping die, lubricating fluid is added, passes through 5 punch forming aluminium alloy bullets
Shell, it is cooling in 470 DEG C of annealing 5min, air；
S4. anodized is carried out to aluminium alloy shell case, surface colours.
Prepared shell case is subjected to ball firing experiment, shell case is tested after ball firing.
Physical and chemical performance measurement result shows: the quality of aluminium alloy shell case prepared by the present invention is about copper shell case, steel bomb
The 1/3 of shell is realized and mitigates 20% or more of entire bullet weight；The corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy shell case after anodized surface processing
It can be 10 times or more of steel shell case.
Live shell test after the result shows that: aluminium alloy shell case does not find ablation, deformation, cracking phenomena after ball firing.
Aluminium alloy shell case can bear the gun pressure and 1000 DEG C of TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE of 600MPa or more, and bullet initial velocity reaches 1200m/s or more.
By physico to being carried out after aluminum alloy materials, aluminum alloy materials shell case preshot, the shooting of aluminum alloy materials shell case
Performance detection and microstructure observation are learned, microstructure observation's result is as seen in figures 3-5.
Microstructure observation's test method is as follows:
Shell case after aluminum alloy materials, finished product shell case, shooting is ground, polishing after with mixed acid solution (volume proportion are as follows:
2ml HF+3ml HCl+5ml HNO3+250ml H2O) corrosion, it then dries, observes alloy sheets on MN6 type metallographic microscope
The microstructure of material.Using Titan G260-300 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Helios Nanolab 600i scanning electron microscope
(SEM) microstructure of electron backscattered imaging technique (EBSD) analysis sample, transmissive test use mechanical pre-thinning extremely
The rear carry out twin-jet electropolishing of 80um or so, electrolyte are nitric acid+methanol (volume ratio 1:3), and temperature is lower than -25 DEG C；EBSD sample
Using electrobrightening, the ingredient of electrolyte is+90% dehydrated alcohol of 10% perchloric acid, polishes voltage 20V, electric current 1.0A, polishing
Time 30s, temperature are lower than -25 DEG C；EBSD sample experiment data are analyzed and are handled using TSL OIM software, acceleration voltage
20kV, 70 ° of angle, scanning step 0.2um.
Microscopic structure test result is as seen in figures 3-5: the tissue of As-extruded raw material is to reply state tissue, still has one
There is dislocation tangle and dislocation born of the same parents in quantitative dislocation, regional area；The microstructure of finished product shell case is mainly highdensity position
Mistake, the dislocation density of shell case significantly reduces after shooting, and perfect recrystallization has occurred, organizes as uniform, equiaxial nanometer crystal microstructure.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, and comes for those skilled in the art
It says, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any modification, equivalent
Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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