CN113402543A - 丁苯酞开环衍生物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
丁苯酞开环衍生物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113402543A CN113402543A CN202010184045.4A CN202010184045A CN113402543A CN 113402543 A CN113402543 A CN 113402543A CN 202010184045 A CN202010184045 A CN 202010184045A CN 113402543 A CN113402543 A CN 113402543A
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Abstract
本发明涉及丁苯酞开环衍生物及其制备方法和用途。所述丁苯酞开环衍生物能够显著改善脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠的缺血症状,该类化合物在制备预防和治疗心脑缺血性疾病及改善心脑循环障碍、抗血栓等药物中有着广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,具体涉及丁苯酞开环衍生物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
急性缺血性脑卒中、冠心病以及心肌梗死,均为由各种因素诱发血栓形成所导致的缺血性损伤疾病,给患者带来极大的痛苦甚至生命危险。目前,该类药物的研究一直是药物研究开发的热点和前沿。急性缺血性脑卒中是由缺血导致的脑部供血受阻而引发的脑功能损伤。伴随着人口快速老龄化,脑缺血的发病率呈持续增长趋势,已成为当今全球第一致残和第二致死的重大疾病,亦加剧了社会及家庭的负担。
脑缺血的发病机制非常复杂,是一个多因素、多机制、多环节的恶性级联过程。多年来,围绕着脑缺血及再灌注损伤的相关机制研究包括兴奋性毒性、离子失衡、氧化应激、皮层扩散性去极化以及炎症反应等。目前,临床常用的抗脑缺血药物主要有抗血小板聚集药、溶栓药、神经保护剂、自由基清除剂等。这些药物虽然可以通过不同机制发挥一定的治疗作用,但单独使用难以达到非常满意的疗效。尽管国内外专家学者对脑缺血的发病机制和防治进行了广泛的研究并取得了长足进展,但至今仍然缺乏切实有效的临床防治措施。
现有治疗药物中,丁苯酞,又称3-丁基-1(3H)-异苯并咲喃酮(3-n-Butylphthalide,NBP)是应用较为广泛的治疗药物之一。值得关注的是,尽管NBP能作用于脑缺血的多个病理环节,但其总体疗效并不高,常与其它药物联合使用以达到疗效。此外,丁苯酞的水溶性很差,这也在一定程度上限制了其治疗急性脑缺血的广泛应用。
因此,如何采取新的策略,研究和开发具有多重作用的新型高效防治脑缺血药物是一项当前全世界医药学家普遍关注的重要课题。
发明内容
为改善上述问题,本发明提供了一种如式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物:
其中:
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、NO2,无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的下列基团:C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11;
n选自0、1、2、3或4;
R2选自卤素、CN、OH、NO2,无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rb取代的下列基团:C1-40烷基、C3-40环烷基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11;
R3选自-(O)P(OR12)(OR13)或-C(O)R14;
每一个R4相同或不同,彼此独立地选自C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
每一个R5相同或不同,彼此独立地选自C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
每一个R6相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-C(O)R8、-S(O)2R10;
每一个R7相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-C(O)R8、-S(O)2R10;
或者,R6和R7与所连的N原子一起形成5-20元杂芳基或3-20元杂环基;
每一个R8相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、NR6R7;
每一个R9相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
每一个R10相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、NR6R7;
每一个R11相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
R12、R13相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
R14选自无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rc取代的-C1-40亚烷基-NR6R7;
每一个Ra、Rb相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、SH、氧代(=O)、NO2、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11;
每一个Rc相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、SH、氧代(=O)、NO2、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11、天然或非天然氨基酸的侧链基团;
X1和X2相同或不同,彼此独立地选自O、S、-O[(CHR15)pO]q-;
R15选自H、卤素、CN、OH、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、NR6R7;
p、q相同或不同,彼此独立地选自1、2或3。
根据本发明的实施方案,式(I)所示化合物中的H可以任选地替换为其同位素,如D。
根据本发明的实施方案,式(I)所示化合物可以包含手性中心,每一个手性中心的构型可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自R构型、S构型或消旋体。
根据本发明示例性的实施方案,式(I)化合物具有以下式(I-1)或式(I-2)所示的结构:
其中:
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的下列基团:C1-6烷基、-OR4、-NR6R7;
n选自0、1或2;
R2选自无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rb取代的C1-6烷基;
每一个R4相同或不同,彼此独立地选自C1-6烷基;
R6、R7相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-6烷基;
每一个Ra、Rb相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、SH、氧代(=O)、NO2、C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、C6-10芳基、5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环基、-OR4、-NR6R7;
Rc选自卤素、CN、OH、C1-6烷基;
每一个X1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自O、-O[(CHR15)pO]q-;
每一个X2相同或不同,彼此独立地选自O、-O[(CHR15)pO]q-;
R15选自H、卤素、OH、C1-6烷基、-OR4、NR6R7;
p、q相同或不同,彼此独立地选自1或2。
根据本发明的实施方案,式(I)所示的化合物选自下列化合物:
本发明还提供式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,包括以化合物M1为起始物进行反应,得到式(I)化合物:
其中:
PG为保护基团;
R1、R2、X1、X2、n具有上文所述的定义;
r选自0,R31选自H;或
r选自1或2,R31选自R3去掉1个或2个H后的基团。
根据本发明的实施方案,PG可以选自磷酸保护基或氨基保护基。其中,适宜的PG可以选自C1-40烷基、C6-20芳基C1-40烷基-,例如叔丁基、异丙基、苄基、叔丁氧基羰基(Boc)、2-联苯基-2-丙氧羰基、苄氧基羰基、芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)、三氟乙酰基。
根据本发明的实施方案,当r为0时,化合物M1与能够提供R3基团的化合物进行反应,得到式(I)化合物。
根据本发明的实施方案,能够提供R3基团的化合物可以选自三氯氧磷、天然或非天然氨基酸。
根据本发明的实施方案,能够提供R3基团的化合物可以选自R3-L1,其中L1选自离去基团如卤素、卤代C1-40烷基。
根据本发明的实施方案,当r为1或2时,化合物M1在脱去保护基团PG的条件下进行反应,得到式(I)化合物。所述脱去保护基团PG的条件是本领域技术人员已知的。
本发明还提供化合物M1的制备方法,包括使化合物M2先后与化合物M3和化合物M4反应,或先后与化合物M4和化合物M3反应,得到化合物M1:
其中,L2、L3相同或不同,彼此独立地选自上文所述的离去基团;
R1、R2、R3、X1、X2、R31、PG、n、r独立地具有上文所述的定义。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述制备方法可以在溶剂如有机溶剂的存在下进行。例如,所述的有机溶剂可以选自下列的至少一种:醚类,如乙基丙基醚、正丁基醚、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、环己基甲基醚、二甲基醚、二乙基醚、二甲基乙二醇、联苯醚、二丙基醚、二异丙基醚、二正丁基醚、二异丁基醚、二异戊基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、异丙基乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、二氯二乙基醚、以及环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的聚醚;脂肪族、环脂肪族或芳香族烃类,如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷,以及可能被氟和氯原子取代的类,如亚甲基氯化物、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、氟苯、氯苯或二氯苯;环己烷、甲基环己烷、石油醚、辛烷、苯、甲苯、氯苯、溴苯、二甲苯;酯类如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯及碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丁酯或碳酸乙烯酯。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述制备方法可以例如在酸或碱的存在下进行,或者在氢化条件下进行。
所述的酸可以为有机酸或无机酸,例如选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、HCl、硫酸中的至少一种。
所述的碱可以为有机碱或无机碱。例如,所述无机碱可以选自下列的至少一种:碱金属或碱土金属的氢化物、氢氧化物、醇盐、醋酸盐、氟化物、磷酸盐、碳酸盐及碳酸氢盐。优选的碱是氨基钠、氢化钠、二异丙基氨基锂、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、醋酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、氟化钾、氟化铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠及碳酸铯;所述有机碱可以选自下列的至少一种:叔胺、被取代或未被取代的吡啶类及被取代或未被取代的三乙胺、三甲胺、N,N-二异丙基乙基胺、三正丙胺、三正丁胺、三正己胺、三环己胺、N-甲基环己胺、N-甲基吡咯烷、N-甲基哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基吗啉、吡啶、2,3-或4-甲基吡啶、2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、喹啉、甲基喹啉、N,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,4-二氮杂环己烷,、N,N-二乙基-1,4-二氮杂环己烷、1,8-双(二甲氨基)萘、二氮杂二环辛烷(DABCO)、二氮杂二环壬烷(DBN)、二氮杂二环十一烷(DBU)、丁基咪唑及甲基咪唑。
所述氢化可以在催化剂和氢气的存在下进行。所述催化剂可以选自钯碳或氢氧化钯。
本发明还提供作为原料或中间体的化合物M1、M2、M3或M4。
本发明还提供化合物M1、M2、M3或M4在制备式(I)所示化合物中的用途。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述药物组合物还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述药物组合物还可以进一步含有一种或多种额外的治疗剂。
本发明还提供预防或治疗心脑缺血性疾病、心脑循环障碍、脑血栓的方法,包括给予患者预防或治疗有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种。
本发明还提供改善脑缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积或神经缺陷的方法,包括给予患者预防或治疗有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种。
在一些实施方案中,所述患者是人。
本发明还提供用于预防或治疗心脑缺血性疾病、心脑循环障碍、脑血栓的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种,或其药物组合物。
本发明还提供用于改善脑缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积或神经缺陷的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种,或其药物组合物。
本发明还提供式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种在制备药物中的用途。
所述药物可以用于预防或治疗心脑缺血性疾病、心脑循环障碍、脑血栓的药物,或者用于改善脑缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积或神经缺陷。
作为药物时,可按药物组合物的形式给予本发明化合物。可按药剂领域中熟知的方式制备这些组合物,可通过多种途径给予它们,这取决于是否需要局部或全身治疗和所治疗的区域。可局部(例如,透皮、皮肤、眼和粘膜包括鼻内、阴道和直肠递药)、肺(例如,通过吸入或吹入粉末或气雾剂,包括通过喷雾器;气管内、鼻内)、口服或肠胃外给药。肠胃外给药包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、腹膜内或肌内注射或输注;或颅内例如鞘内或脑室内给药。可按单次大剂量形式肠胃外给药,或可通过例如连续灌注泵给药。局部给予的药用组合物和制剂可包括透皮贴剂、软膏、洗剂、霜剂、凝胶剂、滴剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、液体剂和散剂。常规药物载体、水、粉末或油性基质、增稠剂等可能是必须的或需要的。
在制备本发明的组合物时,通常将活性成分与赋形剂混合,通过赋形剂稀释或装入例如胶囊、小药囊、纸或其它容器形式的这种载体内。当赋形剂用作稀释剂时,它可以是固体、半固体或液体物质,用作溶媒、载体或活性成分的介质。因此,组合物可以是以下形式:片剂、丸剂、散剂、锭剂、小药囊、扁囊剂、酏剂、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂、气雾剂(固体或溶于液体溶媒);含例如高达10%重量活性化合物的软膏剂、软和硬明胶胶囊、栓剂、无菌注射溶液和无菌包装粉末。
适宜的赋形剂的某些实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆和甲基纤维素。制剂还可含有:润滑剂例如滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和矿物油;湿润剂;乳化剂和悬浮剂;防腐剂例如苯甲酸甲酯和苯甲酸羟基丙酯;甜味剂和矫味剂。可通过使用本领域中已知的方法配制本发明组合物,以便在给予患者后提供速释、缓释或延迟释放活性成分的作用。
可按单位剂型配制组合物,每一剂量含约5~1000mg,更通常约100~500mg活性成分。术语“单位剂型”是指物理上分离的适宜作为用于人患者和其它哺乳动物的单一剂量单位,各单位含有与适宜的药物赋形剂混合的经计算可产生所需疗效的预定量的活性物质。
活性化合物的有效剂量的范围可很大,通常按药用有效量给药。但是,可以理解实际给予的化合物的量通常由医师根据相关情况决定,它们包括所治疗的病症、所选择的给药途径、所给予的实际化合物;患者个体的年龄、重量和反应;患者症状的严重程度等。
对于制备固体组合物例如片剂,将主要的活性成分与药物赋形剂混合,形成含本发明化合物的均匀混合物的固体预制剂组合物。当称这些预制剂组合物为均匀时,是指活性成分通常均匀地分布在整个组合物中,致使该组合物可容易地划分为同等有效的单位剂型例如片剂、丸剂和胶囊剂。然后将该固体预制剂划分为上述类型的含例如约0.1~1000mg本发明活性成分的单位剂型。
可将本发明片剂或丸剂包衣或复合,得到提供长效作用优点的剂型。例如,片剂或丸剂含内剂量和外剂量组分,后者是前者的被膜形式。可通过肠溶层将两种组分隔离,肠溶层用于在胃中阻止崩解,以使内组分完整通过十二指肠或延迟释放。多种物质可用于此类肠溶层或包衣剂,此类物质包括多种高分子酸和高分子酸与此类物质如虫胶、鲸蜡醇和醋酸纤维素的混合物。
其中可掺入本发明化合物和组合物,用于口服或注射给药的液体形式包括水溶液、适当矫味的糖浆剂、水或油混悬液;和用食用油例如棉子油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油矫味的乳剂;以及酏剂和类似的药用溶媒。
用于吸入或吹入的组合物包括溶于药学上可接受的水或有机溶剂或其混合物的溶液剂和混悬液、散剂。液体或固体组合物可含有如上所述适宜的药学上可接受的赋形剂。在某些实施方案中,通过口服或鼻呼吸途径给予组合物,实现局部或全身作用。可通过使用惰性气体,使组合物成雾化。可直接由雾化装置吸入雾化溶液,或雾化装置可与面罩帷或间歇正压呼吸机连接。可通过口服或由按适当方式递送制剂的装置通过鼻给予溶液、混悬液或粉末组合物。
给予患者的化合物或组合物的量不固定,取决于给予的药物、给药的目的例如预防或治疗;患者的状态、给药的方式等。在治疗应用时,可给予已患疾病的患者足够治愈或至少部分抑制疾病及其并发症症状的量的组合物。有效剂量应取决于所治疗的疾病状态和主治临床医师的判断,该判断取决于例如疾病的严重程度、患者的年龄、体重和一般状况等因素。
给予患者的组合物可以是上述药用组合物形式。可通过常规灭菌技术或可过滤灭菌,将这些组合物灭菌。可将水溶液包装原样使用,或冻干,给药前,将冻干制剂与无菌水性载体混合。化合物制剂的pH通常为3~11,更优选5~9,最优选7~8。可以理解,使用某些前述赋形剂、载体或稳定剂会导致形成药物盐。
本发明化合物的治疗剂量可根据例如以下而定:治疗的具体用途、给予化合物的方式、患者的健康和状态,以及签处方医师的判断。本发明化合物在药用组合物中的比例或浓度可不固定,取决于多种因素,它们包括剂量、化学特性(例如疏水性)和给药途径。例如可通过含约0.1~10%w/v该化合物的生理缓冲水溶液提供本发明化合物,用于肠胃外给药。某些典型剂量范围为约1μg/kg~约1g/kg体重/日。在某些实施方案中,剂量范围为约0.01mg/kg~约100mg/kg体重/日。剂量很可能取决于此类变量,如疾病或病症的种类和发展程度、具体患者的一般健康状态、所选择的化合物的相对生物学效力、赋形剂制剂及其给药途径。可通过由体外或动物模型试验系统导出的剂量-反应曲线外推,得到有效剂量。
有益效果
本发明提供的丁苯酞开环衍生物具有良好的脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,可用于制备治疗心脑缺血性疾病及改善心脑循环障碍、抗血栓等药物。
本发明化合物的制备方法便捷,易于规模化生产。
术语定义与说明
除非另有说明,本申请说明书和权利要求书中记载的基团和术语定义,包括其作为实例的定义、示例性的定义、优选的定义、表格中记载的定义、实施例中具体化合物的定义等,可以彼此之间任意组合和结合。这样的组合和结合后的基团定义及化合物结构,应当属于本申请说明书记载的范围内。
除非另有说明,本说明书和权利要求书记载的数值范围相当于至少记载了其中每一个具体的整数数值。例如,数值范围“1-40”相当于记载了数值范围“1-10”中的每一个整数数值即1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10,以及数值范围“11-40”中的每一个整数数值即11、12、13、14、15、......、35、36、37、38、39、40。应当理解,本文在描述取代基时使用的一个、两个或更多个中,“更多个”应当是指≥3的整数,例如3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10。此外,当某些数值范围被定义为“数”时,应当理解为记载了该范围的两个端点、该范围内的每一个整数以及该范围内的每一个小数。例如,“0~10的数”应当理解为不仅记载了0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的每一个整数,还至少记载了其中每一个整数分别与0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9的和。
术语“卤素”表示氟、氯、溴和碘。
术语“C1-40烷基”应理解为表示具有1~40个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。例如,“C1-10烷基”表示具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子的直链和支链烷基,“C1-6烷基”表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的直链和支链烷基。所述烷基是例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、新戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、2-乙基丁基、1-乙基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基或1,2-二甲基丁基等或它们的异构体。
术语“C2-40烯基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个双键并且具有2~40个碳原子,优选“C2-10烯基”。“C2-10烯基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个双键并且具有2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子,例如,具有2、3、4、5或6个碳原子(即,C2-6烯基),具有2或3个碳原子(即,C2-3烯基)。应理解,在所述烯基包含多于一个双键的情况下,所述双键可相互分离或者共轭。所述烯基是例如乙烯基、烯丙基、(E)-2-甲基乙烯基、(Z)-2-甲基乙烯基、(E)-丁-2-烯基、(Z)-丁-2-烯基、(E)-丁-1-烯基、(Z)-丁-1-烯基、戊-4-烯基、(E)-戊-3-烯基、(Z)-戊-3-烯基、(E)-戊-2-烯基、(Z)-戊-2-烯基、(E)-戊-1-烯基、(Z)-戊-1-烯基、己-5-烯基、(E)-己-4-烯基、(Z)-己-4-烯基、(E)-己-3-烯基、(Z)-己-3-烯基、(E)-己-2-烯基、(Z)-己-2-烯基、(E)-己-1-烯基、(Z)-己-1-烯基、异丙烯基、2-甲基丙-2-烯基、1-甲基丙-2-烯基、2-甲基丙-1-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丙-1-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丙-1-烯基、3-甲基丁-3-烯基、2-甲基丁-3-烯基、1-甲基丁-3-烯基、3-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-2-甲基丁-2-烯基、(Z)-2-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丁-2-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-3-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-3-甲基丁-1-烯基、(E)-2-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-2-甲基丁-1-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丁-1-烯基、1,1-二甲基丙-2-烯基、1-乙基丙-1-烯基、1-丙基乙烯基、1-异丙基乙烯基。
术语“C2-40炔基”应理解为表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个三键并且具有2~40个碳原子,优选“C2-10炔基”。术语“C2-10炔基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基,其包含一个或多个三键并且具有2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子,,例如,具有2、3、4、5或6个碳原子(即,“C2-6炔基”),具有2或3个碳原子(“C2-3炔基”)。所述炔基是例如乙炔基、丙-1-炔基、丙-2-炔基、丁-1-炔基、丁-2-炔基、丁-3-炔基、戊-1-炔基、戊-2-炔基、戊-3-炔基、戊-4-炔基、己-1-炔基、己-2-炔基、己-3-炔基、己-4-炔基、己-5-炔基、1-甲基丙-2-炔基、2-甲基丁-3-炔基、1-甲基丁-3-炔基、1-甲基丁-2-炔基、3-甲基丁-1-炔基、1-乙基丙-2-炔基、3-甲基戊-4-炔基、2-甲基戊-4-炔基、1-甲基戊-4-炔基、2-甲基戊-3-炔基、1-甲基戊-3-炔基、4-甲基戊-2-炔基、1-甲基戊-2-炔基、4-甲基戊-1-炔基、3-甲基戊-1-炔基、2-乙基丁-3-炔基、1-乙基丁-3-炔基、1-乙基丁-2-炔基、1-丙基丙-2-炔基、1-异丙基丙-2-炔基、2,2-二甲基丁-3-炔基、1,1-二甲基丁-3-炔基、1,1-二甲基丁-2-炔基或3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔基。特别地,所述炔基是乙炔基、丙-1-炔基或丙-2-炔基。
术语“C3-40环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃,其具有3~40个碳原子,优选“C3-10环烷基”。术语“C3-10环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃,其具有3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子。所述C3-10环烷基可以是单环烃基,如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基或环癸基,或者是双环烃基如十氢化萘环。
术语“3-20元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃,其包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子的总成环原子数为3-20(如原子数为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10等)的非芳族环状基团,优选“3-10元杂环基”。术语“3-10元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃,其包含1-5个,优选1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子。所述杂环基可以通过所述碳原子中的任一个或氮原子(如果存在的话)与分子的其余部分连接。特别地,所述杂环基可以包括但不限于:4元环,如氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基;5元环,如四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环戊烯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、吡咯啉基;或6元环,如四氢吡喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基或三噻烷基;或7元环,如二氮杂环庚烷基。任选地,所述杂环基可以是苯并稠合的。所述杂环基可以是双环的,例如但不限于5,5元环,如六氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基环,或者5,6元双环,如六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2(1H)-基环。含氮原子的环可以是部分不饱和的,即它可以包含一个或多个双键,例如但不限于2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯基、4H-[1,3,4]噻二嗪基、4,5-二氢恶唑基或4H-[1,4]噻嗪基,或者,它可以是苯并稠合的,例如但不限于二氢异喹啉基。根据本发明,所述杂环基是无芳香性的。所述3-20元杂环基与其它基团相连构成本发明的化合物时,可以为3-20元杂环基上的碳原子与其它基团相连,也可以为3-20元杂环基环上杂环原子与其它基团相连。例如当3-20元杂环基选自哌嗪基时,可以为哌嗪基上的氮原子与其它基团相连。或当3-20元杂环基选自哌啶基时,可以为哌啶基环上的氮原子和其对位上的碳原子与其它基团相连。
术语“C6-20芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6~20个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环,优选“C6-14芳基”。术语“C6-14芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环(“C6-14芳基”),特别是具有6个碳原子的环(“C6芳基”),例如苯基;或联苯基,或者是具有9个碳原子的环(“C9芳基”),例如茚满基或茚基,或者是具有10个碳原子的环(“C10芳基”),例如四氢化萘基、二氢萘基或萘基,或者是具有13个碳原子的环(“C13芳基”),例如芴基,或者是具有14个碳原子的环(“C14芳基”),例如蒽基。当所述C6-20芳基被取代时,其可以为单取代或者多取代。并且,对其取代位点没有限制,例如可以为邻位、对位或间位取代。
术语“5-20元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系:其具有5~20个环原子且包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子,例如“5-14元杂芳基”。术语“5-14元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系:其具有5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个环原子,特别是5或6或9或10个碳原子,且其包含1-5个,优选1-3各独立选自N、O和S的杂原子并且,另外在每一种情况下可为苯并稠合的。特别地,杂芳基选自噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、恶唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异恶唑基、异噻唑基、恶二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻-4H-吡唑基等以及它们的苯并衍生物,例如苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并恶唑基、苯并异恶唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基等;或吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基等,以及它们的苯并衍生物,例如喹啉基、喹唑啉基、异喹啉基等;或吖辛因基、吲嗪基、嘌呤基等以及它们的苯并衍生物;或噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩恶嗪基等。当所述5-20元杂芳基与其它基团相连构成本发明的化合物时,可以为5-20元杂芳基环上的碳原子与其它基团相连,也可以为5-20元杂芳基环上的杂原子与其它基团相连。当所述5-20元杂芳基被取代时,其可以为单取代或者多取代。并且,对其取代位点没有限制,例如可以为杂芳基环上与碳原子相连的氢被取代,或者杂芳基环上与杂原子相连的氢被取代。
除非另有说明,杂环基、杂芳基或亚杂芳基包括其所有可能的异构形式,例如其位置异构体。因此,对于一些说明性的非限制性实例,可以包括在其1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-、9-、10-、11-、12-位等(如果存在)中的一个、两个或更多个位置上取代或与其他基团键合的形式,包括吡啶-2-基、亚吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、亚吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基和亚吡啶-4-基;噻吩基或亚噻吩基包括噻吩-2-基、亚噻吩-2-基、噻吩-3-基和亚噻吩-3-基;吡唑-1-基、吡唑-3-基、吡唑-4-基、吡唑-5-基。
术语“氧代”是指取代基中的碳原子、氮原子或硫原子被氧化后形成的氧基取代(=O)。
术语“氨基酸的侧链基团”指氨基酸分子中α碳或β碳直接连接的非氨基和羧基的基团。其中,所述氨基酸可以为天然氨基酸和非天然氨基酸。例如,所述天然氨基酸可以选自甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸)、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸或组氨酸。
除非另有说明,本文中术语的定义同样适用于包含该术语的基团,例如C1-6烷基的定义也适用于C1-6烷基氧基、-N(C1-6烷基)2、-NHC1-6烷基或-S(O)2-C1-6烷基等。
本领域技术人员可以理解,式(I)所示化合物可以以各种药学上可接受的盐的形式存在。如果这些化合物具有碱性中心,则其可以形成酸加成盐;如果这些化合物具有酸性中心,则其可以形成碱加成盐;如果这些化合物既包含酸性中心(例如羧基)又包含碱性中心(例如氨基),则其还可以形成内盐。酸加成盐包括但不限于:盐酸盐、氢氟酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、氨基磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酰乙酸、丙酮酸、月硅酸酯、肉桂酸酯、苯甲酸盐、醋酸盐、二羟乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、三甲基乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、十一酸盐、硬脂酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基马来酸盐、草酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、奎尼酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、甘醇酸盐、酒石酸盐、乳酸盐、2-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐、烟酸盐、扑酸盐、果胶酯酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、特戊酸盐、衣康酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、萘二磺酸盐、丙二酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、半硫酸或硫氰酸盐、天冬氨酸盐等;碱加成盐例如碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐等,具体包括但不限于:钠盐、锂盐、钾盐、铵盐、铝盐、镁盐、钙盐、钡盐、铁盐、亚铁盐、锰盐、亚锰盐、锌盐、铵盐(包括与NH3和有机胺形成的盐(NH4盐)、甲铵盐、三甲铵盐、二乙铵盐、三乙铵盐、丙铵盐、三丙铵盐、异丙铵盐、叔丁铵盐、N,N'-二苄基乙二铵盐、二环己铵盐、1,6-己二铵盐、苄铵盐、乙醇铵盐、N,N-二甲基乙醇铵盐、N,N-二乙基乙醇铵盐、三乙醇铵盐、氨丁三醇盐、赖氨酸盐、精氨酸盐、组氨酸盐、葡糖铵盐、N-甲基葡糖铵盐、二甲基葡糖铵盐、乙基葡糖铵盐、葡甲铵盐、甜菜碱盐、咖啡因盐、氯普鲁卡因盐、普鲁卡因盐、利多卡因盐、吡啶盐、甲基吡啶盐、哌啶盐、吗啉盐、哌嗪盐、嘌呤盐、可可碱盐、胆碱盐)等。
本发明的化合物可以溶剂合物(如水合物)的形式存在,其中本发明的化合物包含作为所述化合物晶格的结构要素的极性溶剂,特别是例如水、甲醇或乙醇。极性溶剂特别是水的量可以化学计量比或非化学计量比存在。
根据其分子结构,本发明的化合物可以是手性的,因此可能存在各种对映异构体形式。因而这些化合物可以以消旋体形式或光学活性形式存在。本发明的化合物或其中间体可以通过本领域技术人员公知的化学或物理方法分离为对映异构体化合物,或者以此形式用于合成。在外消旋的胺的情况中,通过与光学活性的拆分试剂反应,从混合物制得非对映异构体。适当的拆分试剂的示例是光学活性的酸,例如R和S形式的酒石酸、二乙酰酒石酸、二苯甲酰酒石酸、扁桃酸、苹果酸、乳酸、适当的N-保护的氨基酸(例如N-苯甲酰脯氨酸或N-苯磺酰基脯氨酸)或各种光学活性的樟脑磺酸。借助光学活性的拆分试剂(例如固定在硅胶上的二硝基苯甲酰基苯基甘氨酸、三乙酸纤维素或其它碳水化合物的衍生物或手性衍生化的异丁烯酸酯聚合物),也可有利地进行色谱对映体拆分。用于此目的的适当的洗脱剂是含水或含醇的溶剂混合物,例如,己烷/异丙醇/乙腈。
可以根据已知的方法,例如通过萃取、过滤或柱层析来分离相应的稳定异构体。
术语“离去基团”是指在化学反应中被代替成为稳定物质,携带结合电子离去的原子或原子团。优选地,离去基团选自:卤素(如氯、溴或碘)、羟基、卤代C1-40烷基、甲磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基、三氟甲磺酰氧基、九氟丁磺酰氧基、(4-溴苯)磺酰氧基、(4-硝基苯)磺酰氧基、(2-硝基苯)磺酰氧基、(4-异丙基苯)磺酰氧基、(2,4,6-三异丙基苯)磺酰氧基、(2,4,6-三甲基苯)磺酰氧基、(4-叔丁基苯)磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基和(4-甲氧基苯)磺酰氧基。
术语“患者”是指包括哺乳动物在内的任何动物,优选小鼠、大鼠、其它啮齿类动物、兔、狗、猫、猪、牛、羊、马或灵长类动物,最优选人。
术语“治疗有效量”是指研究人员、兽医、医师或其它临床医师正在组织、系统、动物、个体或人中寻找的引起生物学或医学反应的活性化合物或药物的量,它包括以下一项或多项:(1)预防疾病:例如在易感染疾病、紊乱或病症但尚未经历或出现疾病病理或症状的个体中预防疾病、紊乱或病症。(2)抑制疾病:例如在正经历或出现疾病、紊乱或病症的病理或症状的个体中抑制疾病、紊乱或病症(即阻止病理和/或症状的进一步发展)。(3)缓解疾病:例如在正经历或出现疾病、紊乱或病症的病理或症状的个体中缓解疾病、紊乱或病症(即逆转病理和/或症状)。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明,以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品,或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1:化合物S1的合成
合成路线:
合成过程:
中间体(A1):称取丁苯酞(NBP,5.0g,26.3mmol)用甲醇20mL溶解,向其中加入2M氢氧化钠水溶液20mL,50℃搅拌1h,蒸出甲醇,用水稀释,酸化调节pH到2-3析出固体,粗品固体用二氯甲烷溶解,直接用于下一步。
中间体A2:向A1粗品的二氯甲烷溶液中,加入三乙胺(3.03g,30mmol),冰浴下向其中加入乙酰氯(2.05g,26.3mmol),室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全后,加入水10mL,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品直接进行下一步反应。
中间体A3:将上一步粗品溶解于二氯甲烷50mL中,加入2-莰醇(8.0g,52mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,10.7g,52mmol)和二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,3.2g,26.3mmol),室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测待反应完全后,加入水40mL,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1)得到5.75g中间体A3,为淡黄色固体,三步收率56%。ESI-MS:387.2[M+H]+。
中间体A4:称取中间体A3(5.0g,12.9mmol)用甲醇20mL溶解,向其中加入碳酸钾(3.6g,25.8mmol),室温搅拌,TLC监测待反应完全后,蒸出甲醇,加入水20mL和乙酸乙酯30mL,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,减压浓缩,粗品经乙酸乙酯正庚烷结晶后,过滤得到3.77g中间体A4,为类白色固体,收率85%。ESI-MS:345.2[M+H]+。
化合物S1的合成:称取中间体A4(1.0g,2.9mmol)用二氯甲烷10mL溶解,加入三乙胺(585mg,5.8mmol),降温至0℃,搅拌,向其中加入三氯氧磷(444mg,2.9mmol),0-5℃进行反应1h,TLC监测待反应完全后,加入水10mL,搅拌1h,稀盐酸调节pH至2-3,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,减压浓缩,粗品经乙酸乙酯正庚烷结晶后,过滤得到960mg目标物S1,为类白色固体,收率78%。
ESI-MS:425.2[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.79(1H,m),7.57(1H,m),7.46(1H,m),7.21(1H,m),6.38(1H,m),5.51(2H,br s),4.97(1H,d,J=7.4),2.35(1H,m),2.05(3H,m),1.74(2H,m),1.59(2H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.37(1H,m),1.27(1H,m),1.04(1H,dd,J=10.9,J=2.7),0.91(3H,s),0.87(3H,s),0.86(3H,m),0.84(3H,s).
实施例2:化合物S2的合成
合成路线:
其中,Boc表示叔丁氧羰基。
化合物S2的合成:称取中间体A4(344mg,1mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,412mg,2mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,122mg,1mmol)置于50mL反应瓶中,用二氯甲烷10mL溶解,向其中加入Boc-L-丙氨酸(189mg,1mmol),室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测反应完全,加水10mL,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1)得到463.5mg中间体A5,为淡黄色固体,收率90%。
称取A5(463mg,0.9mmol)置于反应瓶中,室温下加入二氯甲烷10mL溶解,向其中加入三氟乙酸4mL,室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全,用氨水调节pH至7-8,二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品用乙酸乙酯正庚烷体系结晶得到329mg目标物S2,为类白色固体,收率88%。
ESI-MS:416.3[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.82(1H,m),7.41(1H,m),7.37(1H,m),7.30(1H,m),6.61(1H,m),4.98(1H,d,J=7.4),3.55(1H,m),2.72(2H,m),2.36(1H,m),2.07(1H,m),1.92(2H,m),1.74(2H,m),1.51(2H,m),1.37(3H,m),1.27(1H,m),1.16(3H,m),1.05(1H,dd,J=10.9,J=2.7),0.93(3H,m),0.91(3H,s),0.88(3H,s),0.85(3H,s).
实施例3:化合物S3的合成
合成路线:
中间体A6的合成:用5mL DMF溶解中间体A4(307mg,0.89mmol),室温下依次向其中加入三乙胺(182mg,1.8mmol),二叔丁基氯甲基磷酸酯(258mg,1mmol),60℃搅拌4h,TLC监测待反应完全后,倒入20mL冰水中,搅拌0.5h,大量固体析出,过滤,真空干燥后得到380mg中间体A6,为类白色固体,收率75%。
化合物S3的合成:称取A6(380mg,0.67mmol)置于反应瓶中,室温下加入二氯甲烷10mL溶解,向其中加入三氟乙酸4mL,室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全,水洗3次,有机相用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品用制备液相分离(C18柱)10mM乙酸铵的乙腈(20%-80%)水溶液分离纯化,得到250mg目标物S3,为类白色固体,收率82%。
ESI-MS:455.2[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.81(1H,m),7.51(1H,m),7.35(1H,m),7.29(1H,m),5.45(2H,m),5.09(1H,d,J=7.4),4.91(1H,m),2.35(1H,m),2.05(1H,m),1.81(4H,m),1.47(5H,m),1.27(1H,m),1.08(1H,dd,J=10.8,J=2.7),0.95(3H,m),0.90(3H,s),0.86(3H,s),0.84(3H,s).
实施例4:化合物S4的合成
合成路线:
中间体A7:称取中间体A4(822mg,2.38mmol),碳酸钾(550mg,4mmol)置于50mL反应瓶中,加入10mL DMF,室温搅拌下,向其中依次加入氯甲基甲硫醚(230mg,2.4mmol),碘化钾(38mg,0.23mmol),室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测反应完全,倒入水30mL中,析出固体,固体经乙酸乙酯和正庚烷结晶后得到693mg中间体A7,为淡黄色固体,收率72%。ESI-MS:405.2[M+H]+。
中间体A8的合成:称取A7(693mg,1.72mmol)置于反应瓶中,室温下加入二氯甲烷10mL溶解,向其中加入磺酰氯2mL,室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比10:1)得到目标物546mg,收率81%。
化合物S4的合成:称取中间体A8(546mg,1.39mmol),碳酸钾(550mg,4mmol)置于反应瓶中,加入10mL DMF,室温搅拌下,向其中依次加入L-丙氨酸(120mg,1.4mmol),碘化钾(16mg,0.13mmol),室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测反应完全,倒入水30mL中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经乙醇水重结晶后得到310mg目标物S4,为类白色固体,收率50%。
ESI-MS:446.3[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.89(1H,m),7.43(1H,m),7.37(2H,m),5.41(1H,m),5.31(2H,m),4.99(1H,d,J=7.3),3.59(1H,m),2.92(2H,m),2.33(1H,m),2.05(1H,m),1.92(2H,m),1.74(2H,m),1.41(5H,m),1.31(1H,m),1.16(3H,m),1.04(1H,dd,J=10.9,J=2.7),0.93(3H,m),0.91(3H,s),0.88(3H,s),0.85(3H,s).
实施例5:化合物S5的合成
合成路线:
其中,Fmoc为芴甲氧羰基。
中间体A9的合成:称取冰片(422mg,2.74mmol),置于50mL反应瓶中,加入10mL DMF溶解,室温下加入氢化钠(110mg,2.74mmol),室温搅拌1h,向其中加入氯甲基甲硫醚(260mg,2.74mmol)和碘化钾40mg的3mL DMF混合溶液,室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测反应完全,倒入30mL水中,析出固体,固体直接进行下一步反应,固体置于反应瓶中,室温下加入二氯甲烷10mL溶解,向其中加入磺酰氯2mL,室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全,减压浓缩,粗品经乙醇和水结晶后得到282mg目标物A9,为类白色固体,收率51%。
中间体A10:向A1(452mg,2.17mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液中,加入三乙胺(404mg,4mmol),冰浴下向其中加入Fmoc-L-丙氨酰氯(716mg,2.17mmol),室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全后,加入水10mL,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比3:1)得到763mg中间体A10,为淡黄色固体,收率70%。ESI-MS:502.2[M+H]+。
化合物S5的合成:称取中间体A10(763mg,1.52mmol),碳酸钾(550mg,4mmol)置于反应瓶中,加入10mL DMF,室温搅拌下,向其中依次加入A9(282mg,1.4mmol),碘化钾(16mg,0.13mmol),室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测反应完全,倒入30mL水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比9:1)得到304mg目标物S5,为类白色固体,收率45%。
ESI-MS:446.3[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.89(1H,m),7.42(1H,m),7.38(1H,m),7.30(1H,m),6.63(1H,m),5.45(2H,m),3.97(1H,m),3.55(1H,m),2.70(2H,m),2.28(1H,m),1.91(3H,m),1.54(4H,m),1.37(2H,m),1.23(2H,m),1.16(3H,m),0.95(1H,dd,J=10.8,J=2.7),0.90(3H,m),0.87(3H,s),0.86(3H,s),0.85(3H,s).
实施例6:化合物S6的合成
合成路线:
其中,Bn表示苄基。
中间体A11的合成:向A1(542mg,2.6mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液中,加入三乙胺(404mg,4mmol),冰浴下向其中加入二苄基磷酰基氯(770mg,2.6mmol),室温搅拌,TLC检测反应完全后,加入水10mL,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比4:1)得到892mg中间体A11,为淡黄色固体,收率73%。ESI-MS:467.2[M-H]-。
中间体A12的合成:称取中间体A11(891mg,1.9mmol),碳酸钾(550mg,4mmol)置于反应瓶中,加入10mL DMF,室温搅拌下,向其中依次加入A9(382mg,1.9mmol),碘化钾(32mg,0.2mmol),室温搅拌过夜,TLC监测反应完全,倒入30mL水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯体积比9:1)得到629mg目标物A12,为类白色固体,收率52%。ESI-MS:635.3[M+H]+。
化合物S6的合成:称取中间体A12(629mg,0.99mmol),甲醇10mL置于反应瓶中,室温搅拌下,加入10%钯碳100mg,通入氢气,室温常压反应,TLC监测反应完全,倒入30mL水中,固体析出,过滤,粗品经乙醇和水结晶后得到410mg目标物S6,为类白色固体,收率91%。
ESI-MS:455.2[M+H]+;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.85(1H,m),7.57(1H,m),7.47(1H,m),7.27(1H,m),6.41(1H,m),5.45(2H,m),4.00(1H,m),2.27(1H,m),2.01(2H,m),1.92(1H,m),1.61(2H,m),1.54(2H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.22(2H,m),0.96(1H,dd,J=10.7,J=2.7),0.89(3H,m),0.87(3H,s),0.86(3H,s),0.85(3H,s).
实施例7化合物S1、S2、S4、S5对局灶性脑缺血再灌损伤的作用
1.材料和方法
1.1实验动物
Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,雄性,体重:250-280g,SPF级
1.2实验方法
1.2.1局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型制备。主要步骤:10%水合氯醛(350mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,分离、结扎并切断右侧颈外动脉,由颈外动脉残端沿颈总和颈内动脉缓慢插人头端膨大的尼龙栓线约18mm,阻塞大脑中动脉入口造成缺血。缺血2h后拔除栓线进行24h再灌注;动物苏醒后出现Homer征和对侧体运动障碍即为模型制备成功。
1.2.2动物分组与给药实验动物随机分为6组,即模型组、阳性对照丁苯酞组(10mg/kg)、S1组(10mg/kg),S2组(10mg/kg),S4组(10mg/kg),S5组(10mg/kg),每组10-12只。受试物各组及阳性对照组于再灌注后立即尾静脉注射给药1次,共给药1次。
各组给药容积0.5mL/100g。
1.3.3神经缺陷评分和脑梗塞体积的测定
采用改良Bederson 5分制法进行神经缺陷症状评价。
脑梗死体积测定,动物经末次神经功能缺损评分后,断头取脑。剔除嗅脑、低位脑干及小脑,剩余部分立即称取湿重,在冰上将脑沿冠状面切成厚度基本相同的5片,于37℃红四氮唑染料中温浴30min,正常脑组织呈深红色,梗死区呈现苍白色。然后将脑片置10%的甲醛中固定,将白色组织仔细挖下称重,以梗死组织重量占总脑重量的百分比作为梗死体积判定指标。
2.结果
2.1对缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积和神经缺陷评分的影响
与模型组比较,药物组均可明显缩小脑缺血再灌注大鼠梗塞体积(P<0.05);对神经缺陷症状的影响,改善大鼠神经缺陷症状。结果见表1。
*P<0.05,**P<0.01,与模型组比较。
由上述实验结果可知,实施例化合物对于脑缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积和神经缺陷的改善优于丁苯酞组。
上文对本发明的具体实施方式进行了示例性的说明。但是,本发明的保护范围不应拘囿于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.如式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物:
其中:
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、NO2,无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的下列基团:C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11;
n选自0、1、2、3或4;
R2选自卤素、CN、OH、NO2,无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rb取代的下列基团:C1-40烷基、C3-40环烷基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11;
R3选自-(O)P(OR12)(OR13)或-C(O)R14;
每一个R4相同或不同,彼此独立地选自C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
每一个R5相同或不同,彼此独立地选自C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
每一个R6相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-C(O)R8、-S(O)2R10;
每一个R7相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-C(O)R8、-S(O)2R10;
或者,R6和R7与所连的N原子一起形成5-20元杂芳基或3-20元杂环基;
每一个R8相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、NR6R7;
每一个R9相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
每一个R10相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、NR6R7;
每一个R11相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
R12、R13相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基;
R14选自无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rc取代的-C1-40亚烷基-NR6R7;
每一个Ra、Rb相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、SH、氧代(=O)、NO2、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11;
每一个Rc相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、SH、氧代(=O)、NO2、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、-NR6R7、-C(O)R8、-OC(O)R9、-S(O)2R10、-OS(O)2R11、天然或非天然氨基酸的侧链基团;
X1和X2相同或不同,彼此独立地选自O、S、-O[(CHR15)pO]q-;
R15选自H、卤素、CN、OH、C1-40烷基、C2-40烯基、C2-40炔基、C3-40环烷基、C3-40环烯基、C3-40环炔基、C6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基、3-20元杂环基、-OR4、-SR5、NR6R7;
p、q相同或不同,彼此独立地选自1、2或3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,式(I)化合物具有以下式(I-1)或式(I-2)所示的结构:
其中:
每一个R1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的下列基团:C1-6烷基、-OR4、-NR6R7;
n选自0、1或2;
R2选自无取代或任选被一个、两个或更多个Rb取代的C1-6烷基;
每一个R4相同或不同,彼此独立地选自C1-6烷基;
R6、R7相同或不同,彼此独立地选自H、C1-6烷基;
每一个Ra、Rb相同或不同,彼此独立地选自卤素、CN、OH、SH、氧代(=O)、NO2、C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、C6-10芳基、5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环基、-OR4、-NR6R7;
Rc选自卤素、CN、OH、C1-6烷基;
每一个X1相同或不同,彼此独立地选自O、-O[(CHR15)pO]q-;
每一个X2相同或不同,彼此独立地选自O、-O[(CHR15)pO]q-;
R15选自H、卤素、OH、C1-6烷基、-OR4、NR6R7;
p、q相同或不同,彼此独立地选自1或2;
式(I)所示化合物中的H可以任选地替换为其同位素,如D。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其特征在于,式(I)所示化合物的每一个手性中心的构型相同或不同,彼此独立地选自R构型、S构型或消旋体。
7.化合物,其选自权利要求6所述的M1、M2、M3或M4。
8.根据权利要求7所述的化合物在制备权利要求1-4任一项所述式(I)所示化合物中的用途。
9.药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求1-4任一项所述的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种。
10.权利要求1-4任一项所述的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、氮氧化物、同位素替代物、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种在制备药物中的用途;
所述药物优选用于预防或治疗心脑缺血性疾病、心脑循环障碍、脑血栓的药物,或者用于改善脑缺血再灌注后脑梗塞体积或神经缺陷。
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