CN113394816A - Compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system and virtual synchronous control method thereof - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system and virtual synchronous control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/006—Systems for storing electric energy in the form of pneumatic energy, e.g. compressed air energy storage [CAES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/81—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal arranged for operation in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种压缩空气储能风电混合系统及其虚拟同步控制方法，混合系统包括风电系统和空气储能发电系统，所述风电系统和空气储能发电系统均汇流于直流母线，并依次通过双向网侧变流器、升压变压器接入电网；当电网无法消纳风电系统输出功率时，电能存入空气储能发电系统中，当风机输出功率较低时，经空气储能发电系统发电反馈给电网。小型压缩空气储能搭配风力发电机组，有效的提高了风能的利用效率，当风电大发时，压缩空气储能通过压缩空气的方式将多余风能储存起来，风电出力不足时再释放，增强了分散式风力发电的出力稳定性和可调度性。
The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system and a virtual synchronization control method thereof. The hybrid system includes a wind power system and an air energy storage power generation system. It is connected to the power grid through the bidirectional grid-side converter and step-up transformer; when the power grid cannot absorb the output power of the wind power system, the electric energy is stored in the air energy storage power generation system. The power generation is fed back to the grid. Small compressed air energy storage combined with wind turbines effectively improves the utilization efficiency of wind energy. When the wind power is large, the compressed air energy storage stores the excess wind energy by means of compressed air, and releases it when the wind power output is insufficient, enhancing the dispersion. output stability and dispatchability of wind power generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wind power generation and energy storage, and particularly relates to a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system and a virtual synchronous control method thereof.
Background
At present, distributed wind power projects are developed in various regions in China according to local conditions. The distributed access wind power project is a wind power project which is located near a load center and aims at large-scale long-distance power transmission, and generated power is accessed to a local power grid nearby for consumption. The distributed access wind power project has the following characteristics:
(1) the existing transformer substation and the existing transmission line of the power grid are utilized, and no new transmission line and power transmission and transformation facilities are built;
(2) a step-down transformer connected to a local power system at 110 kV or below 66 kV;
(3) the installed capacity of the project unit is not more than the minimum load of the existing substation of the accessed power grid in principle, and multipoint access is encouraged;
(4) the total installed capacity of the project is lower than 5 ten thousand kilowatts.
With the connection of distributed wind power and small wind power in various regions to a power grid in large batch, the disadvantages that the peak load regulation and frequency modulation capabilities are weak, the inertia of the power grid matched with the capacity cannot be provided are gradually amplified, and even the stability of the regional power grid is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system and a virtual synchronous control method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of poor distributed wind power, small wind power peak shaving and frequency modulation capability in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system comprises a wind power system and an air energy storage power generation system, wherein the wind power system and the air energy storage power generation system are converged on a direct current bus and are connected to a power grid through a bidirectional grid side converter and a step-up transformer in sequence; when the output power of the wind power system can not be absorbed by the power grid, the electric energy is stored in the air energy storage power generation system, and when the output power of the fan is lower, the electric energy is fed back to the power grid through the air energy storage power generation system.
Specifically, the air energy storage power generation system comprises an air compression system and an expansion power generation system, wherein the air compression system and the expansion power generation system are connected to a direct current bus through a bidirectional energy storage side converter.
Specifically, the air compression system comprises a compressor system and a compressed air energy storage device, wherein the compressor system is used for compressing air into the compressed air energy storage device by using electric energy which cannot be absorbed by a power grid.
Specifically, the expansion power generation system comprises an air expansion power generator, and the air expansion power generator is communicated with the compressed air energy storage device and is used for generating power by utilizing compressed air in the compressed air energy storage device.
Specifically, the wind power system comprises a wind turbine generator and a rectifier, and the wind turbine generator is connected to a direct current bus through the rectifier.
Specifically, the direct current bus is a 1200V direct current bus.
The invention provides another technical scheme that:
a virtual synchronous control method of a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system comprises the following steps:
setting the current frequency f of the power grid and the target nominal frequency f of the power grid as f0Generating a frequency deviation signal delta f by taking the difference;
the frequency deviation signal delta f is used as an input signal to a primary frequency modulation controller with a built-in droop curve to obtain an output power command signal Pref；
Will output the power command signal PrefInputting the signal into a virtual synchronous simulation module with a built-in inertia link to simulate the inertia response characteristic of a common synchronous generator to obtain an output power instruction signal P after the virtual synchronous simulation linkref2；
Will output the power command signal Pref2And inputting a control system power reference value input end of the hybrid system to complete the virtual synchronization control function of the converter.
Specifically, the power command signal P is outputref2The calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formula: t is P from the last momentref2The time elapsed since the instruction was issued; h is a first-order inertia link coefficient; k is a first order inertia ratio coefficient; j is a virtual rotational inertia value.
Specifically, the power output command signal PrefThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formula: pmaxThe maximum power output capacity of the hybrid system; pminIs the minimum power output capability of the hybrid system; f. ofmaxThe maximum operation power of the system; f is the current frequency of the power grid; f. of0Is the target nominal frequency.
Specifically, the control system of the hybrid system is a master controller of the wind power system and the compressed air energy storage power generation system, and is used for sending instructions to the wind power system controller and the compressed air energy storage power generation system controller respectively to realize the control of the whole power output.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the hybrid system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the small compressed air energy storage is matched with the wind generating set, so that the utilization efficiency of wind energy is effectively improved, when wind power is generated greatly, the compressed air energy storage stores redundant wind energy in a compressed air mode, and the wind power is released when the wind power output is insufficient, so that the output stability and the schedulability of distributed wind power generation are enhanced.
2. The virtual synchronous control method of the hybrid system provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the bidirectional network side converter of the wind power-compressed air energy storage hybrid system, can effectively control the bidirectional power output of the hybrid system, reduces the cost for the grid connection of the compression system and the expansion system, and improves the energy utilization efficiency.
3. The virtual synchronous reference power generation method and the virtual synchronous reference power generation logic effectively simulate the primary frequency modulation response characteristic of a synchronous machine with any rotational inertia within the range of energy storage response capacity, thereby improving the rotational inertia of the whole system in a power grid and providing inertial support for the operation of the power grid.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a structure diagram of a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a virtual synchronization algorithm of the hybrid system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the primary frequency modulation curve of the hybrid system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall controller control of the hybrid system in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system and a virtual synchronous control method thereof, which are used for matching wind power with energy storage and introducing a virtual synchronous inertia control method, so that peak clipping and valley filling can be effectively performed on wind power output. Meanwhile, the output of the large synchronous motor can be accurately simulated by adjusting the inertia parameters of the virtual system, so that the stability of the synchronous power grid is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 1, a compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system includes a wind power system and an air energy storage power generation system, both the wind power system and the air energy storage power generation system converge on a 1200V DC bus, and are sequentially connected to a grid bus through a DC/AC bidirectional grid-side converter and a step-up transformer.
In this embodiment, the wind power system includes a wind turbine and a rectifier, and the wind turbine is connected to the dc bus through the rectifier. The air energy storage power generation system comprises an air compression system and an expansion power generation system, wherein the air compression system and the expansion power generation system are connected to a direct current bus through an AC/DC bidirectional energy storage side converter. The air compression system comprises a compressor system and a compressed air energy storage device, wherein the compressor system is used for compressing air into the compressed air energy storage device by utilizing electric energy which cannot be absorbed by a power grid. The expansion power generation system comprises an air expansion power generator which is communicated with the compressed air energy storage device and used for generating power by utilizing compressed air in the compressed air energy storage device.
When the output power of the wind power system is higher, the electric energy can be stored in the compressed air energy storage device through the compressor system, and when the output power of the wind power system is lower, the air expansion generator utilizes the compressed air in the compressed air energy storage device to generate electricity and feed back to the power grid, so that the purpose of stabilizing the wind power output fluctuation is achieved.
The virtual synchronous control method of the compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system in the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 2 and 3, and comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the target nominal frequency f required to be achieved by grid connection of the alternating current power grid0The bidirectional network side converter collects the current frequency f of the grid-connected point power grid, and the current frequency f of the power grid and the target nominal frequency of the power grid are set as f0A frequency deviation signal Deltaf is generated by subtracting.
S2, using the frequency deviation signal delta f as input signal to the primary frequency modulation controller with built-in droop curve, obtaining the output power command signal P by the curve corresponding method of figure 3ref；
Power output command signal PrefThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formula: pmaxThe maximum power output capacity of the hybrid system; pminIs the minimum power output capability of the hybrid system; f. ofmaxThe maximum operation power of the system; f is the current frequency of the power grid; f. of0Is the target nominal frequency.
S3, outputting power command signal PrefInputting the signal into a virtual synchronous simulation module with a built-in inertia link to simulate the inertia response characteristic of a common synchronous generator to obtain an output power instruction signal P after the virtual synchronous simulation linkref2；
Output power command signal Pref2The calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formula: t is P from the last momentref2The time of the command sending start is second; h is a first-order inertia link coefficient; k is a first order inertia ratio coefficient; j is a virtual rotational inertia value with the unit of kg.m2。
S4, outputting power command signal Pref2And inputting a control system power reference value input end of the hybrid system to complete the virtual synchronization control function of the converter. As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the control system of the hybrid system is a master controller of the wind power system and the compressed air energy storage power generation system, such as a bidirectional grid-side converter, and is used for sending instructions to the wind power system controller, such as a rectifier, and the compressed air energy storage power generation system controller, such as the bidirectional energy storage-side converter, respectively, so as to control the overall power output.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system is characterized by comprising a wind power system and an air energy storage power generation system, wherein the wind power system and the air energy storage power generation system are converged on a direct current bus and are connected to a power grid through a bidirectional grid side converter and a step-up transformer in sequence; when the output power of the wind power system can not be absorbed by the power grid, the electric energy is stored in the air energy storage power generation system, and when the output power of the fan is lower, the electric energy is fed back to the power grid through the air energy storage power generation system.
2. The compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the air energy storage power generation system comprises an air compression system and an expansion power generation system, and the air compression system and the expansion power generation system are connected to a direct current bus through a bidirectional energy storage side converter.
3. The compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system according to claim 2, wherein the air compression system comprises a compressor system and a compressed air energy storage device, and the compressor system is used for compressing air into the compressed air energy storage device by using electric energy which cannot be consumed by a power grid.
4. The compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system according to claim 3, wherein the expansion power generation system comprises an air expansion generator in communication with the compressed air energy storage device for generating power from compressed air in the compressed air energy storage device.
5. The compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the wind power system comprises a wind power generator and a rectifier, and the wind power generator is connected to the direct current bus through the rectifier.
6. The compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the dc bus is a 1200V dc bus.
7. The virtual synchronous control method of the compressed air energy storage wind power hybrid system as recited in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting the current frequency f of the power grid and the target nominal frequency f of the power grid as f0Generating a frequency deviation signal delta f by taking the difference;
the frequency deviation signal delta f is used as an input signal to a primary frequency modulation controller with a built-in droop curve to obtain an output power command signal Pref；
Will output the power command signal PrefInputting the signal into a virtual synchronous simulation module with a built-in inertia link to simulate the inertia response characteristic of a common synchronous generator to obtain an output power instruction signal P after the virtual synchronous simulation linkref2；
Will output the power command signal Pref2And inputting a control system power reference value input end of the hybrid system to complete the virtual synchronization control function of the converter.
8. The virtual synchronous control method according to claim 7, wherein the output power command signal Pref2The calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formula: t is P from the last momentref2The time elapsed since the instruction was issued; h is a first-order inertia link coefficient; k is a first order inertia ratio coefficient; j is a virtual rotational inertia value.
9. The virtual synchronous control method according to claim 8, wherein the power output command signal PrefThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formula: pmaxThe maximum power output capacity of the hybrid system; pminIs the minimum power output capability of the hybrid system; f. ofmaxThe maximum operation power of the system; f is the current frequency of the power grid; f. of0Is the target nominal frequency.
10. The virtual synchronous control method according to claim 8, wherein the control system of the hybrid system is a master controller of the wind power system and the compressed air energy storage power generation system, and is configured to send instructions to the wind power system controller and the compressed air energy storage power generation system controller, respectively, to achieve control of the overall power output.
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| CN114421498A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 四川轻化工大学 | Method and system for smoothing fluctuating power of medium-voltage wind power system based on energy router |
| CN118040711A (en) * | 2023-12-25 | 2024-05-14 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Compressed air energy storage coupling wind power variable power tracking control method |
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