CN113355306A - 具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药技术领域,提供了具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶的制备方法及应用,热变性溶菌酶的制备方法包括如下步骤:A、溶液配制:配制质量体积比至少为2%的溶菌酶溶液,并调节pH在4~8的范围内;B、加热变性:将溶菌酶溶液过滤除菌后在75~100℃的条件下加热2~3小时后,立即取出置于冰上降温,并低温密封保存。进一步,提供了热变性溶菌酶在制备抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物中的用途,以及以该热变性溶菌酶为活性组分的抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物。结果显示,根据本发明方法对溶菌酶进行热变性后明显具备抗甲型流感病毒活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZ)又称N-乙酰胞壁质聚糖水解酶(N-acetylmuramideglycanohydrase)或胞壁质酶(Muramidase),由英国细菌学家弗莱明1922年在人体分泌物中首次发现(Fleming,A.,Lysozyme:President's Address.Proc R Soc Med,1932.26(2):p.71-84.),它作用于细菌细胞壁肽聚糖层的N-乙酰胞壁酸和N-乙酰氨基葡糖之间的β-1,4-糖苷键,导致细菌细胞壁破裂,最终导致细菌溶解死亡(Phillips,D.C.,The three-dimensional structure of an enzyme molecule.Sci Am,1966.215(5):p.78-90.)。
早有文献报道了溶菌酶的抗病毒活性(Lee-Huang,S.,et al.,Lysozyme andRNases as anti-HIV components in beta-core preparations of human chorionicgonadotropin.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1999.96(6):p.2678-81.Jin,Q.,et al.,TheEffects of the Recombinant CCR5 T4 Lysozyme Fusion Protein on HIV-1Infection.PLoS One,2015.10(7):p.e0131894.),并有研究提出溶菌酶是碱性蛋白,在中性溶液带正电,可以与带负电荷的病毒蛋白、RNA和DNA形成复盐,使病毒失活(Ferrari,R.,C.Callerio,and G.Podio,Antiviral activity of lysozyme.Nature,1959.183(4660):p.548.Jolles,P.and J.Jolles,What's new in lysozyme research?Always a modelsystem,today as yesterday.Mol Cell Biochem,1984.63(2):p.165-89.)。
近年,通过研究热变性溶菌酶的抗菌活性,发现溶菌酶经过热变性后,不仅抗菌活性增强,还拓宽了其抗菌谱(Carrillo,W.,et al.,Antibacterial activity of hen eggwhite lysozyme modified by heat and enzymatic treatments against oenologicallactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria.J Food Prot,2014.77(10):p.1732-9.Fukamizo,T.,T.Hatta,and S.Goto,Hen-egg-white lysozyme modified withhistamine.State of the imidazolylethyl group covalently attached to thebinding site and its effect on the sugar-binding ability.Eur J Biochem,1995.231(1):p.56-64.Cegielska-Radziejewska,R.,Lesnierowski,G.,Szablewski,T.,&Kijowski,J.(2010).Physico-chemical properties and antibacterial activity ofmodified egg white—lysozyme.European Food Research and Technology,231(6):p.959–964.Cegielska-Radziejewska,R.,Lesnierowski,G.,&Kijowski,J.(2009).Antibacterial activity of hen egg white lysozyme modified by thermocheicaltechnique.European Food Research and Technology,228(5):p.841–845.),甚至还具备了抗炎及抗组织损伤的药理作用(Carrillo,W.,et al.,Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Native and Modified Hen Egg White Lysozyme.J MedFood,2016.19(10):p.978-982.)。日本学者Takahashi等发现按照一定步骤加热变性后的蛋清溶菌酶对人诺如病毒及小鼠诺如病毒均有杀灭作用(Takahashi,H.,et al.,Heat-Denatured Lysozyme Inactivates Murine Norovirus as a Surrogate HumanNorovirus.Sci Rep,2015.5:p.11819.),并且进一步研究证实了其对浆果表面的HAV具有杀灭作用,并提出可将加热变性溶菌酶用作食品消毒剂(Takahashi,M.,et al.,Heat-denatured lysozyme could be a novel disinfectant for reducing hepatitis Avirus and murine norovirus on berry fruit.Int J Food Microbiol,2018.266:p.104-108.)。
甲型流感病毒(Influenza A virus)为常见流感病毒,变异率以及对人类致病性均极高高,曾多次引起世界性大流行。甲型流感病毒的亚型则被人们称为“禽流感”,禽流感(Bird Flu)是由禽流感病毒引起的一种急性传染病,病毒基因变异后能够感染人类,感染后的症状主要表现为高热、咳嗽、流涕、肌痛等,多数伴有严重的肺炎,严重者心、肾等多种脏器衰竭导致死亡,病死率很高。
目前尚未见热变性溶菌酶抗甲型流感病毒的相关研究报道。
发明内容
本发明依托上述研究进行,目的在于提供一种具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶(heating-denatured lysozyme,HDL)的制备方法及其在制备抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物中的用途。
本发明第一方面,提供了具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
A、溶液配置:配置质量体积比至少为2%的溶菌酶溶液,并调节pH在4~8的范围内;
B、加热变性:将溶菌酶溶液过滤除菌后在75~100℃的条件下加热2~3小时后,立即取出置于冰上降温,并低温密封保存。
本发明中,溶菌酶优选天然蛋清溶菌酶。
优选的,步骤A中,溶菌酶溶液的浓度为2%~5%,溶剂为水。
步骤B中,采用孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行过滤;进行热变性时,采用水浴或金属浴的方式进行加热;热变性温度为90~100℃,热变性降温后在0~4℃环境下密封保存。
本发明中,“加热变性”是指通过加热的方式使溶菌酶蛋白质结构发生变化。
热变性溶菌酶可非特异结合病毒。“非特异性”用来描述本发明所述的热变性溶菌酶能够非特异结合流感病毒;“结合”一词是指热变性溶菌酶蛋白与病毒颗粒间的物理相互作用,具体指带正电的热变性溶菌酶与带负电的病毒颗粒通过电荷的作用结合,进而抑制病毒活性,降低病毒感染活力。
以甲型流感病毒H1N1为例,根据病毒嗜斑实验,浓度为2%的溶菌酶的抗病毒活性明显优于浓度为1.5%的溶菌酶(图6);当pH小于4时,溶菌酶的溶解结构不利于和病毒进行非特异性结合,当pH大于8时,溶菌酶难以溶解于溶剂中而析出,当pH为7.5时,抗病毒活性最优(图5)。
根据实验,当热变性温度为75℃时,热变性效果开始显现,溶菌酶呈现抗病毒活性,并随着热变性温度的增加,抗病毒活性缓慢提升,加热温度越高,提升越慢(图3);热变性时间上,以加热2~3小时最佳(图4)。
本发明的第二方面,提供了热变性溶菌酶在制备抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物中的用途,溶菌酶通过上述任一项所述的方法进行热变性。
优选的,该药物组合物以热变性溶菌酶作为唯一活性组分,并且能够和其他抗甲型流感病毒药物联合使用。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物,其特征在于:该药物组合物以上述热变性溶菌酶为活性组分,还包括药学上可接受的药物载体。
药物组合物形式上,可为溶液剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
发明的作用与效果
将未进行热变性的溶菌酶作对照,未进行热变性的溶菌酶不具备任何甲型流感病毒活性,根据本发明方法对溶菌酶进行热变性后明显具备抗甲型流感病毒活性。
本发明中溶菌酶的热变性条件温和,浓度仅需2%、pH在4~8的范围内、热变性温度75~100℃、加热时间2~3小时即可完成变性,并具备了抗甲型流感病毒活性,易进行实验室验证和工业化扩大生产。
此外,溶菌酶的毒副作用小,药物安全性已得到临床认可,本发明提供的溶菌酶的新适应症可较快实现临床转化或市场推广。因此,热变性溶菌酶临床甲型流感的治疗应用上具有巨大潜力,本发明也为缓解和治疗甲型流感提供了新的临床药物。
附图说明
图1为热变性溶菌酶的荧光强度变化。
图2为加热变性溶菌酶的抗病毒效果。
图3为热变性温度对加热变性溶菌酶抗病毒效果的影响。
图4为热变性时间对加热变性溶菌酶抗病毒效果的影响。
图5为热变性时溶菌酶溶液的pH对加热变性溶菌酶抗病毒效果的影响。
图6为浓度对加热变形溶菌酶抗病毒效果的影响。
图7为不同浓度未加热的溶菌酶溶液的抗病毒效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细描述。但下列实施例不应看作对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1:热变性溶菌酶制备
1、溶菌酶来源
天然蛋清溶菌酶购买自索莱宝生物科技有限公司,货号:L8120。
2、变性溶菌酶制备
A、溶液配置:配置质量体积比为0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、4%、5%的热变性溶菌酶,溶剂为水;
B、pH调节:使用NaOH,KOH,HCl或H3PO4等无机酸调节溶菌酶溶液pH值至所需值,通常为4~8,pH值大于8后,蛋清溶菌酶会难以溶解于溶剂而析出;
C、加热变性:将溶菌酶溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌后,置于水浴或金属浴中,于75~100℃(优选90~100℃)的条件下加热2~3小时后,立即取出置于冰上降温,并0~4℃密封保存。
实施例2:热变性溶菌酶(HDL)的疏水性测试
1、材料
孔板:96孔不可拆酶标板(Corning,3590)
荧光剂:8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸(ANS,Solarbio,A9470)
缓冲液:0.1M PB(pH7.0)
0.2M PB(pH7.0)
酶标仪:Tecan infinite 200Pro
2、具体步骤:
(1)荧光剂ANS使用0.1M PB溶解,使终浓度为8mM,ANS需避光保存,现配现用;
(2)热变性溶菌酶使用0.2M PB稀释至浓度为0.05%,即0.5mg/mL;
(3)每2mL稀释后的热变性溶菌酶溶液中加入10μL ANS溶液,并使用0.2M PB溶液作为对照组,同样2mL溶液中加入10μL ANS溶液,混匀后室温下反应30min;
(4)每孔加入200uL混合溶液,使用酶标仪检测荧光强度,激发波长为280nm,带宽5nm,发射波长为330nm,带宽20nm。
选取未进行热变性操作的溶菌酶(naive lysozyme,LZ)作为对照,与HDL-1(2%,80℃,120min,pH5.5)以及HDL-2(2%,80℃,180min,pH6.5)一同进行测试,结果如图1所示。
根据图1结果表明:溶菌酶在经过热变性处理后荧光强度增强,因ANS主要与蛋白质的疏水集团结合,经过热处理后,溶菌酶的蛋白结构发生改变,暴露出隐藏在内部的疏水基团。
实施例3:体外抗流感病毒嗜斑实验
1、材料:
DMEM basic培养基(gibco,C11995500BT);
胎牛血清(FBS gibco,10270-106);
TPCK-trypsin(sigma,T1426-100MG);
PBS(Corning,21-040-CV);
Penicillin/Streptomycin(p/s);
孔板:24孔板(Nest,702001);
靶细胞:MDCK(Madin-Darby canine kidney)细胞系;
流感病毒:H1N1;
2、病毒嗜斑实验方法:
(1)H1N1病毒所属基因型为Influenza A/WSN/33 virus(H1N1)。
(2)37℃,5%CO2培养MDCK细胞,培养基为含有10%胎牛血清(FBS),1%青霉素/链霉素(P/S)的DMEM培养基,实验前一天接种于细胞培养微孔板中,要求为恰好铺满孔板的单层细胞。
(3)将所使用的病毒感染滴度稀释至104~8之间,将病毒液与热变性溶菌酶溶液按1:1混合,以DMEM做为空白对照,室温孵育3分钟。
(4)使用DMEM对病毒混合溶液进行十倍稀释后,分别加入一定体积混合液v至用PBS清洗过的单层细胞孔中,于摇床上感染1小时(rpm 15~18/min)。
(5)于45℃的DMEM溶液中加入琼脂糖与TPCK-Trypsin,使终浓度为琼脂糖0.3%(m/v),TPCK-Trypsin 2μg/ml(因琼脂糖在室温下为固体,故溶解后在45℃水浴锅中保温)。
(6)移除孔中病毒液,使用PBS清洗一次后,快速加入一定体积5所描述的混合液,等待15~30min待其凝固,过程中切勿移动孔板。
(7)将孔板置于37℃,5%CO2细胞培养箱中孵育40~48小时后,加入4%PFA过夜固定,移除覆盖层后使用结晶紫染色,对空斑数n进行计数。
(8)计算病毒滴度pfu=空斑数n/(感染体积*稀释系数),抗病毒活性系数=空白对照的病毒滴度/与热变形溶菌酶混合孵育后的病毒滴度。
选取未进行热变性操作的溶菌酶(naive lysozyme,LZ)作为对照,与HDL一同进行测试,结果如图2所示,抗病毒活性差异明显。
实施例4:不同热变性条件的抗病毒活性对比
采用实施例3的实验方法,对不同热变性条件的抗病毒活性进行分析。
1、热变性温度影响
溶菌酶浓度:2%;热变性时间:180min;pH:5.5。热变性温度分别设定为60℃、70℃、75℃、80℃、85℃、90℃、95℃、100℃。
根据图3结果,当热变性温度设定为75℃时,溶菌酶的蛋白结构开始发生改变,热变性效果开始显现,溶菌酶呈现抗病毒活性;随着热变性温度的增加,抗病毒活性缓慢提升,加热温度越高,提升越慢,当加热温度为100℃时,抗病毒活性最佳。
2、热变性时间影响
溶菌酶浓度:2%;热变性温度:90℃;pH:5.5。热变性时间分别设定为10min、20min、30min、45min、60min、75min、90min、120min、180min。
根据图4,随着热变性时间的增加,抗病毒活性逐渐增加,当热变性时间达到120min时,抗病毒活性最佳。
3、pH影响
溶菌酶浓度:2%;热变性时间:180min;热变性温度:90℃;pH分别设定为3、4、4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5、8。
根据图5,当pH小于4时,溶菌酶的溶解结构不利于和病毒进行非特异性结合,抗病毒活性微弱;当pH为4时,抗病毒活性显著提升,但直至pH提升至7.5,抗病毒活性才再次显示出提升,当pH大于8时,溶菌酶难以溶解于溶剂中而析出。
4、浓度影响
热变性时间:180min;热变性温度:90℃;pH:5.5;溶菌酶浓度分别限定为0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、4%、5%。
根据图6,浓度为2%的溶菌酶的抗病毒活性明显优于浓度为1.5%的溶菌酶,但随着浓度的增加,抗病毒活性提升不明显。
5、对照组实验
选取pH为5.5的溶菌酶溶液,不进行任何热变性处理,结果如图7所示,非热变性溶菌酶不具备任何抗甲型流感病毒活性。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (9)
1.具备抗甲型流感病毒活性的热变性溶菌酶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
A、配制质量体积比至少为2%的溶菌酶溶液,并调节pH在4~8的范围内;
B、将溶菌酶溶液过滤除菌后在75~100℃的条件下加热2~3小时后,立即取出置于冰上降温,并低温密封保存。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
其中,步骤A中,所述溶菌酶为天然蛋清溶菌酶,所述溶菌酶溶液的浓度为2%~5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
其中,步骤B中,采用孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行过滤;进行热变性时,采用水浴或金属浴的方式进行加热。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
其中,步骤B中,热变性温度为90~100℃,热变性降温后在0~4℃环境下密封保存。
5.热变性溶菌酶在制备抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物中的用途,其特征在于,溶菌酶通过权利要求1~4任一项所述的方法进行热变性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于:
其中,所述药物组合物以热变性溶菌酶作为唯一活性组分。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于:
其中,所述热变性溶菌酶和其他抗甲型流感病毒药物联合使用。
8.一种抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物,其特征在于:该药物组合物以热变性溶菌酶为活性组分,还包括药学上可接受的药物载体,所述热变性溶菌酶的制备方法如权利要求1~4任一项所述。
9.根据权利要求8所述的抗甲型流感病毒药物组合物,其特征在于:
其中,所述药物组合物为溶液剂、片剂或胶囊剂。
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