CN113318795A - Device and method for preparing liquid metal catalyst by using plasma - Google Patents
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- CN113318795A CN113318795A CN202110707566.8A CN202110707566A CN113318795A CN 113318795 A CN113318795 A CN 113318795A CN 202110707566 A CN202110707566 A CN 202110707566A CN 113318795 A CN113318795 A CN 113318795A
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/349—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of flames, plasmas or lasers
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- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种等离子体制备液体金属催化剂的装置及方法，包括反应室和密封盖，所述反应室和密封盖构成容纳腔；所述容纳腔内设有曝气头、曝气管以及第一电极，所述曝气管内设有绝缘套管，所述绝缘套管内设有第二电极；所述曝气管一端设有曝气头，另一端设有密封塞，所述第二电极通过所述密封塞与所述曝气管密封。本发明能形成均匀、高密度的等离子体，在气相中产生大量活性粒子并通入液相形成活化水，且可通过活性物质种类及反应温度调控，有效增加液体金属催化剂催化成型速率，提高液体金属催化剂的制备效率。
The invention discloses a device and method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by plasma, comprising a reaction chamber and a sealing cover, wherein the reaction chamber and the sealing cover constitute a accommodating cavity; the accommodating cavity is provided with an aeration head, an aeration pipe and a The first electrode, the aeration pipe is provided with an insulating sleeve, and the insulating sleeve is provided with a second electrode; one end of the aeration pipe is provided with an aeration head, and the other end is provided with a sealing plug, the second electrode It is sealed with the aeration tube by the sealing plug. The invention can form uniform and high-density plasma, generate a large number of active particles in the gas phase and pass into the liquid phase to form activated water, and can effectively increase the catalytic molding rate of the liquid metal catalyst and improve the liquid metal catalyst by regulating the type of active material and the reaction temperature. Preparation efficiency of metal catalysts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of catalyst preparation, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by using plasma.
Background
The metal catalyst is an important part of catalyst types, and affects industrial production and human life in many aspects, such as hydrogen production industry, chemical industry, electroplating industry and the like. The traditional method for preparing the metal catalyst mainly comprises an impregnation method, an atomic deposition method, a reduction method, a solid-phase melting method and the like, the method is complex and time-consuming in the preparation process, most of raw materials contain toxic and harmful reagents, and certain harm is caused to the environment in the production process. In view of the above problems, a plasma technique developed at a high speed in recent years is a good solution. At present, the technology for preparing the catalyst by the plasma mainly adopts jet discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, glow discharge and the like to prepare the solid catalyst, and the research on the preparation of liquid catalysts, particularly liquid two-phase catalysts, is less. When preparing a liquid metal catalyst, the low gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency is always the bottleneck of preparing the catalyst by gas-phase discharge. Therefore, the development of efficient plasma catalyst preparation technology is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by using plasma, which aim to solve the problem of low gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency in the process of preparing the liquid metal catalyst.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an apparatus for plasma-producing a liquid metal catalyst, comprising: the reaction chamber and the sealing cover form an accommodating cavity; an aeration head, an aeration pipe, a first electrode and a target metal salt solution are arranged in the accommodating cavity, an insulating sleeve is arranged in the aeration pipe, and a second electrode is arranged in the insulating sleeve;
and one end of the aeration pipe is provided with an aeration head, the other end of the aeration pipe is provided with a sealing plug, and the second electrode is fixed in the aeration pipe through the sealing plug. Further, the aeration pipe is provided with an air guide port.
Furthermore, a plurality of micropores are formed in the aeration pipe, and the inner diameter of each micropore is 0.2-2 mm.
Furthermore, a fastening piece is arranged at one end of the first electrode, and the first electrode is fixed with the sealing cover through the fastening piece and is placed in the target metal salt solution.
Further, the first and second electrodes are made of stainless steel or other conductive material.
Further, the power supply is one of a pulse power supply, a direct current power supply and an alternating current power supply.
A method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst using an apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst using plasma, comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparing a target metal salt solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-10, and placing the prepared target metal salt solution in a reaction chamber;
step 2: and introducing carrier gas into the aeration pipe and sealing the device, applying voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to form plasma, and gradually generating the target metal catalyst in the solution by controlling one or more of discharge voltage, frequency and pulse width parameters.
Further, the concentration of the target metal salt solution in the step 1 is 0.1-1 mol/L.
According to the device and the method for preparing the liquid metal catalyst by using the plasma, the preparation efficiency and the catalytic activity of the catalyst are improved by using the active substances, the temperature field and the strong electric field generated by the low-temperature plasma; meanwhile, the mode of aeration and the mode of opening holes of the aeration pipe are adopted, so that the gas-liquid two-phase mass transfer efficiency is improved, and the yield of the liquid catalyst is effectively improved. The device and the method overcome the defects of the existing plasma preparation liquid catalyst and can realize uniform, large-scale and rapid preparation of the catalyst under normal pressure.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by using plasma according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a target metal salt solution, wherein the first electrode comprises a sealing plug 2, a sealing plug 3, a gas guide port 4, an aeration pipe 5, an insulating sleeve 6, an aeration head 7, a fastening piece 8, a sealing cover 9, a reaction chamber 10, the second electrode 11 and the target metal salt solution.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is an apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by plasma, comprising: the reaction chamber 9 and the sealing cover 8 form an accommodating cavity; an aerator 6, an aerator pipe 4, a first electrode 1 and a target metal salt solution 11 are arranged in the accommodating cavity, an insulating sleeve 5 is arranged in the aerator pipe 4, and a second electrode 10 is arranged in the insulating sleeve 5; preferably, the aeration pipe 4 and the second electrode 10 are connected from inside to outside through an insulating sleeve 5 and a sealing plug 2 with a proper size according to the sequence of the second electrode 10, the insulating pipe 5 and the aeration pipe 4, the inner diameter of the insulating sleeve 5 is matched with the outer diameter of the second electrode 10, and the inner diameter of the aeration pipe 4 is about 1-20 mm larger than the outer diameter of the insulating sleeve 5; preferably, the distance between the inner wall of the aeration pipe and the outer wall of the insulating sleeve is 1-5 mm.
And one end of the aeration pipe 4 is provided with an aeration head 6, the other end of the aeration pipe is provided with a sealing plug 2, and the second electrode 10 is arranged in the insulating sleeve 5 and is fixed in the aeration pipe 4 through the sealing plug 2. It should be noted that when the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 10 are directly exposed to the reaction chamber 9, an electrolytic reaction is formed, and plasma cannot be initiated.
Further, the aeration pipe 4 is provided with an air guide port 3. Gas is introduced into the aeration pipe 4 through the gas guide port 3.
Furthermore, a plurality of micropores are formed in the aeration pipe 4, and the inner diameter of each micropore is 0.2-2 mm. Preferably, the number of the micropores is 4-20; when the device is used, firstly, gas is introduced into the aeration pipe 4, liquid is prevented from entering the insulating sleeve 5 through the micropores and contacting with the second metal electrode 10, and plasma is initiated in a gas phase and is aerated and blown into a liquid phase.
Further, a fastening member 7 is arranged at one end of the first electrode 1, and the first electrode 1 is fixed with the sealing cover 8 through the fastening member 7.
Further, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 10 are made of stainless steel or other conductive materials.
Further, the power supply is one of a pulse power supply, a direct current power supply and an alternating current power supply.
A method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst using an apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst using plasma, comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparing a target metal salt solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-10, and placing the prepared target metal salt solution in a reaction chamber 9;
step 2: and introducing carrier gas into the aeration pipe 4, sealing the device, applying voltage to the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 10 to form plasma, and gradually generating the target metal catalyst in the solution by controlling one or more of discharge voltage, frequency and pulse width parameters.
Further, the concentration of the target metal salt solution 11 in the step 1 is 0.1-1 mol/L. Preferably, the pH of the target metal salt solution is adjusted using a weak base solution or a strong base weak acid salt solution.
When the device is used for preparing the liquid metal catalyst, the electrodes are respectively connected with a high-voltage end and a grounding end of a power supply, when the first electrode 1 is grounded, the target metal salt solution can be directly grounded, so that the first electrode 1 outside the aerator pipe 4 is omitted, plasma is initiated between the insulating sleeve 5 and the aerator pipe 4, and when the insulating sleeve 5 is provided with micropores, the plasma can be directly contacted with liquid; active substances generated by discharging are blown into the reaction liquid through the aeration head 6 by introducing air through the air guide port 3, and the type and the flow rate of the gas can be regulated and controlled according to the reaction requirement. The control of the gas flow rate is controlled by a flowmeter, so that the liquid outside the air guide pipe cannot enter between the air guide pipe and the insulating sleeve through the aeration head or the micropores by the pressure generated by aeration so as to extinguish the plasma. Gas species change the target gas is selected by changing the target gas cylinder depending on whether the reaction process requires the participation of an oxidizing (selecting air, oxygen, etc.) or reducing (selecting hydrogen, ammonia, etc.) substance. The specific example conditions are as follows:
example one, the molar ratio of 1: 1, dissolving oxalic acid and nickel nitrate in water, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10 by using potassium carbonate as a reaction solution for preparing the catalyst, discharging by using an alternating current source, and introducing oxygen in the discharging process, wherein the flow rate of the oxygen is 200 mL/min. When the discharge voltage is 5kV, the discharge frequency is 3kHz and the discharge time is 20min, the solution layering can be obviously seen, and the oil-soluble nickel oxalate catalyst and the water-soluble catalyst rich in active oxygen components are respectively obtained. The obtained oil-soluble and water-soluble catalyst is mixed in a volume ratio of 3: 1 is used in the catalytic upgrading of thick oil, wherein the viscosity of the thick oil at 20 ℃ is 2016.66 mPas. Experimental results show that when the reaction temperature is 290 ℃, the reaction time is 24 hours, the viscosity of the thick oil is 403.33mPa & s, the viscosity reduction rate reaches 80%, and the contents of colloid and asphaltene are obviously reduced.
Example two, the molar ratio of 1: 7, dissolving ammonium heptamolybdate and nickel nitrate in water, adding oleic acid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 8 by utilizing ammonium hydroxide to serve as reaction liquid for preparing the catalyst, discharging by using a pulse source, introducing air in the discharging process, and controlling the air flow rate to be 500 mL/min. When the peak voltage is 25kV, the discharge frequency is 5kHz, the pulse width is 10 mus, and the discharge time is 15min, the nickel molybdate bimetallic catalyst rich in active oxygen components can be obtained. The prepared catalyst is used in the catalytic modification of the thickened oil, and the experimental result shows that the reaction temperature is 290 ℃, the reaction time is 24 hours, the viscosity reduction rate reaches 90 percent, and the API (American petroleum institute) degree is increased by 5.2.
In the third embodiment, 1mol/L silver nitrate solution is adopted, the pH value is controlled to be 7, direct current source discharge is carried out, 8 micropores with the aperture of 0.5mm are formed in an aerator pipe, and hydrogen with the flow rate of 150mL/min is used as carrier gas to prepare the liquid nano-silver catalyst. When the discharge voltage is 2kV and the discharge time is 30min, the nano-silver catalyst with the particle size of 5-30 nm can be obtained.
Compared with the traditional catalyst preparation method, the method for preparing the liquid metal catalyst by adopting the plasma method is quicker, more uniform and more efficient, and can generate a large amount of catalyst in tens of minutes; in addition, the method can introduce active substances generated in the discharging process into the liquid catalyst, so that the activity of the catalyst is increased; in addition, the preparation temperature of the catalyst can be effectively controlled by regulating and controlling the discharge parameters. The catalyst prepared by the method has strong practical value and application prospect in the applications of thickened oil modification and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for plasma-producing a liquid metal catalyst, comprising: the reaction chamber (9) and the sealing cover (8) form an accommodating cavity; an aeration head (6), an aeration pipe (4), a first electrode (1) and a target metal salt solution (11) are arranged in the accommodating cavity, an insulating sleeve (5) is arranged in the aeration pipe (4), and a second electrode (10) is arranged in the insulating sleeve (5);
aeration pipe (4) one end is equipped with aeration head (6), and the other end is equipped with sealing plug (2), second electrode (10) pass through sealing plug (2) are fixed in aeration pipe (4).
2. An apparatus for plasma production of liquid metal catalysts according to claim 1, characterized in that the aeration tube (4) is provided with an air guide port (3).
3. The apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by using plasma according to claim 2, wherein the aeration pipe (4) is provided with a plurality of micropores, and the inner diameter of each micropore is 0.2-2 mm.
4. An apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by using plasma according to claim 1, wherein a fastening member (7) is provided at one end of the first electrode (1), and the first electrode (1) is fixed to the sealing cover (8) by the fastening member (7) and placed in a target metal salt solution (11).
5. A plasma-produced liquid metal catalyst apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (10) are made of stainless steel or other electrically conductive material.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power source is one of a pulsed, dc, and ac power source.
7. The method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst based on the apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst by plasma according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1: preparing a target metal salt solution (11), adjusting the pH value to 7-10, and placing the prepared target metal salt solution in a reaction chamber (9);
step 2: and introducing carrier gas into the aeration pipe (4) and sealing the device, applying voltage to the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (10) to form plasma, and gradually generating the target metal catalyst in the solution by controlling one or more of discharge voltage, frequency and pulse width parameters.
8. The method for preparing a liquid metal catalyst using an apparatus for preparing a liquid metal catalyst using plasma according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of the target metal salt solution (11) in the step 1 is 0.1 to 1 mol/L.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114345154A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-04-15 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Plasma activated water preparation device |
| CN114524499A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-24 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Plasma activated water preparation device |
| CN114632553A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-17 | 大连知微生物科技有限公司 | Catalyst prepared based on plasma method, preparation method and application |
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