CN113315025B - Live overhaul operation method for helicopter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a live-line maintenance operation method for a helicopter, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing in an early stage; s2, work permission is carried out; s3, checking before taking off; s4, installing a lead and ground wire connecting device; s5, checking before lifting off; s6, flying to an operation place; s7, enabling the helicopter hanging guide and ground wire connecting equipment to enter a working position; s8, developing maintenance projects; s9, returning the helicopter; and S10, finishing the work. The invention promotes live working personnel to deeply know live working technology, safety risk points and control measures of a helicopter lead and ground wire connection equipment method, and provides a working method and a matched tool suitable for live overhaul of a helicopter; the maintenance personnel are promoted to further absorb the current extra-high voltage live working maintenance technology and experience, the helicopter live working maintenance operation flow is standardized, the safety and the overall operation capacity of the operation are improved, and the reference significance is provided for the establishment of helicopter live working maintenance line measures.

Description

A method for helicopter live maintenance

technical field

The invention relates to a live maintenance operation method, which belongs to the technical field of power transmission road repair and maintenance.

Background technique

Helicopter live maintenance technology is a method that uses helicopters to directly or indirectly transport maintenance personnel to the work site through slings to complete line maintenance tasks. The UHV power grid is at the core of the entire national grid. The operation and maintenance of the UHV power grid is of great significance to ensure the safe, stable and reliable operation of the UHV power grid and even the entire national grid transmission line. Due to the particularity of the UHV line, the line is high and the routine maintenance method is inconvenient, so it is necessary to carry out live maintenance work by helicopter.

At present, according to the development trend of foreign helicopter live working technology, it is mainly divided into two types of working methods: platform live work and suspension live work. Among them, the suspension method is divided into two processes: the sling method and the guide and ground wire connection equipment method according to the different hanging objects.

The sling method live work of the helicopter is that the helicopter uses the working hook and insulating rope suspended under the belly of the helicopter to put the operators and tools and materials on the power line for live maintenance, and then withdraw the personnel and the remaining tools and materials after completion.

The guide and ground wire connection equipment method of the helicopter is live work. The helicopter uses the working hook, the sling system and the guide and ground wire connection equipment (sling) suspended under the belly of the helicopter to load the wires on the guide and ground wire connection equipment. The operating personnel and tools and materials, together with the guide and ground wire connection equipment, are put on the power line for live maintenance, and then the guide and ground wire connection equipment together with personnel and remaining tools and materials are withdrawn after completion.

At present, there is no reasonable, efficient, and suitable operation method for UHV lines for helicopter live maintenance; and there is a lack of helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment for domestic UHV AC and DC transmission lines. Tools and appliances, the existing conductor and ground wire connection equipment is not based on various factors such as the wire splitting form of the UHV line, the operation of the maintenance operator, the space occupied by the tool, the connection method of the conductor and ground wire connection equipment and the sling, etc. Overall consideration should be given to the functional modules of the conductor and ground connection equipment.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a live maintenance operation method, to promote the in-depth understanding of live operation personnel for helicopter guides, ground wire connection equipment method live work technology, safety risk points and control measures, and to provide operation guides, Ground wire connection equipment and supporting tools and equipment; promote maintenance personnel to further absorb the current UHV live-line maintenance technology and experience, standardize the helicopter live-line maintenance operation process, improve the safety of the operation and the overall operation ability, and have great significance for the formulation of helicopter live-line maintenance line measures in the future Reference meaning.

In order to solve the problems referred to above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A live maintenance operation method, the operation process includes the following steps:

S1, preliminary preparation; S2, work permit; S3, inspection before take-off; S4, hanging of guide and ground wire connecting equipment; S5, inspection before lift-off; S6, flying to the work site; S7, helicopter hanging guide and ground wire Connect the equipment and enter the working position; S8, carry out maintenance subjects; S9, return the helicopter; S10, end the work.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the preliminary preparations include the following:

Check the take-off and landing site and alternate landing site, tower structure, defective parts and the surrounding environment of the operation point, and judge whether live work can be carried out by using the method of connecting equipment with conductors and ground wires;

Calculate the lead, ground wire spacing, arrangement form, phase-to-phase distance, phase sequence and tower structure, check the specifications of tools and materials, and check the relevant product certificates and test reports;

According to the inspection results of the guide and ground wire spacing, phase distance and tower structure, check whether the flight path of the helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment method can meet the safety distance requirements;

Compile the technical documents of the work instructions, determine the operators, and prepare the corresponding materials and tools;

For ground line maintenance operations, the pilot in charge should clarify with the on-line operators the planned hovering time of the helicopter during ground line maintenance operations.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the work permit includes the following:

After the work licensor issues the work permit order, the person in charge of the work checks the double title of the line and the color code of the line;

Apply for deactivation of line reclosing, and at the same time make it clear that if the line trips, it must not be forced to send without contact;

The person in charge of the work reads out the work ticket and the dangerous point analysis and control sheet on the spot, and conducts safety and technical disclosure to all operators, so that all operators can understand the work content and task division, master the operation procedures, operation methods and technical requirements of the operation project, and clarify the safety requirements. Measures and safety precautions, all staff will sign and confirm after confirming, and the person in charge of the work will issue an order to start work.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the pre-flight inspection includes the following:

Spread the tarpaulin in a suitable position, arrange the tools in turn, check whether the tools are complete, and conduct visual inspections; the live working personnel conduct visual inspections of the hanging equipment, insulating ropes, etc., and the pilots and live workers wear shielding clothing. Measure the resistance of insulating ropes and shielding suits to confirm that the insulation performance meets the requirements; pilots and maintenance personnel conduct pre-flight inspections of helicopters and disassemble the helicopter cockpit door; ground operators check wind speed, wind direction, and air humidity;

Ground operators check the connections of the helicopter manned hooks, ropes, guides, and ground wire connection equipment, confirm that the personnel safety belt connection rope, work guide, and ground wire connection equipment are reliably connected to the rope system, measure the resistance of the shielding suit, and check Appearance, confirm that all parts are well connected and reliable;

The live working personnel should fix the working tools and potential transfer rods in the conductor and ground wire connection equipment, and confirm that the communication equipment is in normal working condition.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the hanging operation of the guide and ground wire connection equipment is as follows:

The ground operator connects the suspension system and the live operator, and checks again that the connection ring of the personnel safety belt is reliably connected with the insulating rope, and the connection between the potential transfer rod and the conductor and ground wire connection equipment is firm; after there is no problem, command the helicopter to raise the height to 1.5 meters above the ground. Hover at a distance of 10 meters and wait for the hook. After the ground operator hooks, slowly spread out the insulating rope to prevent the insulating rope from touching the ground.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the pre-launch inspection includes the following:

When the helicopter hanging operation guide and ground wire connection equipment take off 0.5m from the ground, hover for inspection, and the ground operators further confirm that the hooks, ropes, guides, and ground wire connection equipment are connected reliably;

The person in charge of the work observes the flight status of the helicopter's hoisting guide and ground wire connection equipment. If the operation guide and ground wire connection equipment rotate seriously, the flight personnel should be notified to further adjust the flight attitude and flight speed.

As a further improvement of the present invention, when flying to the work site, the helicopter hanger flies to the work line, the pilot and the live operator verify the work line and the tower, and at the same time carry out navigation obstacle identification, and visually verify the position of the work site; Select the path according to the wind direction, and approach the operating point slowly and at a constant speed.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the helicopter hanging guide and the ground wire connection equipment entering the working position include the operation of entering the wire operation position and the operation of entering the ground wire operation position;

The operation of the wire work position is as follows:

The pilot needs to control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, select the nearest spacer at the operating point as a visual reference, and send the guide and ground wire connection equipment to the reference spacer in a straight line along the specified angle; Notify the height information from the line, adjust the flight attitude and descent speed, and the pilot observes the position of the personnel and the distance from the surrounding electrified objects at any time;

After the guide and ground wire connection equipment enters the position of the working wire, the maintenance personnel firstly connect their own safety belt protection rope to the wire firmly, then untie the connection between the safety belt and the sling, and then pass the guide and ground wire connection equipment through the brake device and After the anti-twist device is firmly connected to the wire, untie the connection between the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the sling, and finally confirm that the personnel, the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the wire are reliably connected and disconnected from the sling, and then command the helicopter to fly away from the operating position ;

To enter the ground work position, the operation is as follows:

The pilot needs to control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, and the hanging guide and ground wire connection equipment descend slowly. During the descent, the maintenance personnel communicate with the pilot through the communication device and operation gestures, adjust the flight attitude and descent speed, and the pilot observes the guide and ground wire connection at the same time. The location of the equipment and its distance from surrounding charged objects;

When the equipment to be connected to the guide and ground wire is lowered to a place parallel to the ground wire, the maintenance personnel will inform the pilot to hover stably and assist the pulley of the guide and ground wire connection equipment to enter the ground wire.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the maintenance subject is carried out in accordance with the maintenance subject instruction book; after the completion of the maintenance subject operation, the helicopter hanging guide and the ground wire connection equipment exit the wire working position and the ground wire working position. The specific operation process is as follows: the pilot After receiving the notification from the operator that the operation is over, drive the helicopter back to the sky above the operation position, and control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind. The operator communicates with the flight personnel through the communication device and gestures to determine the relative position of the end of the sling from the operation site; After reaching the sling, notify the pilot to control the helicopter to hover. First, the maintenance personnel will reliably connect the guide and ground wire connection equipment to the sling, release the brake device and anti-twist device of the guide and ground wire connection equipment, and then put the safety Connect the protective rope with the sling, remove the connection between the protective rope and the wire, confirm that the potential transfer rod is well connected with the wire, and notify the helicopter to slowly rise in height; Whether the wire connection equipment and ropes are completely disconnected, and maintain communication with the pilot, and notify the pilot to continue to ascend after confirming safety; after the maintenance personnel complete the maintenance subjects, release the brake device of the wire and ground wire connection equipment, and check the fixation of the tools in the basket , confirm that the connecting device of the guide and ground wire has been disconnected from the ground wire, notify the pilot to slowly raise the altitude, and assist the connecting device of the guide and ground wire to get out of the ground wire smoothly.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the helicopter return operation is as follows: the helicopter hangs the operation guide and the ground wire connection equipment returns to the top of the takeoff and landing field and slowly descends, the maintenance personnel in the basket communicate with the pilot through operation gestures and communication equipment, and confirm that the guide , the height of the ground wire connection equipment from the ground; when the work guide and the ground wire connection equipment are close to the ground, the ground cooperating personnel use the ground wire to discharge the guide, ground wire connection equipment, helicopter and hook, and the guide and ground wire connection equipment are on the ground After the contact is stable, the maintenance personnel in the basket will release the connection between the sling and the guide, ground wire connection equipment and safety belt, and the ground personnel will arrange the sling and put it into the tool box to prevent it from being damp;

After the work is over, the person in charge of the work shall issue an order to the work licensor, go through the formalities of completion, and evacuate from the site.

The beneficial effects produced by adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme are:

The invention provides a method of live maintenance operation, which promotes the in-depth understanding of live work personnel on helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment method live work technology, safety risk points and control measures, and provides work guide and ground wire connection equipment suitable for helicopter live maintenance. Supporting tools and equipment; promote the maintenance personnel to further absorb the current UHV liveline maintenance technology and experience, standardize the helicopter liveline maintenance operation process, improve the safety of the operation and the overall operation ability, and have reference significance for the formulation of helicopter liveline maintenance line measures in the future.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only of the present invention. For some embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the test state of the leakage current test wiring system of the upper section arrester in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wiring position of the clamp ammeter for measuring ionization current in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the saddle type hanging basket of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the lifting state of the saddle-type hanging basket of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Type I ground hanging basket of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the Type II ground hanging basket of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the helicopter lifting ring of the present invention.

in:

1-triangular cone, 2-rope, 3-U-shaped hanging ring, 4-saddle-type guide, ground wire connected to the main body of the equipment.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and in no way serves as any limitation of the application, its application or uses. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific implementations, and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.

The relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. At the same time, it should be understood that, for the convenience of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. Techniques, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods and devices should be considered part of the Authorized Specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as illustrative only, and not as limiting.

Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiment may have different values. It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" etc. indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description. In the absence of a contrary statement, these orientation words do not indicate or imply the device or element referred to It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application; the orientation words "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the outline of each component itself.

As shown in Figure 1,

A live maintenance operation method, the operation process includes the following steps:

S1, preliminary preparation; S2, work permit; S3, inspection before take-off; S4, hanging of guide and ground wire connecting equipment; S5, inspection before lift-off; S6, flying to the work site; S7, helicopter hanging guide and ground wire Connect the equipment and enter the working position; S8, carry out maintenance subjects; S9, return the helicopter; S10, end the work.

Specifically, the preliminary preparations include the following:

Check the take-off and landing site and alternate landing site, tower structure, defective parts and the surrounding environment of the operation point, and judge whether live work can be carried out by using the method of connecting equipment with conductors and ground wires;

Calculate the lead, ground wire spacing, arrangement form, phase-to-phase distance, phase sequence and tower structure, check the specifications of tools and materials, and check the relevant product certificates and test reports;

According to the inspection results of the guide and ground wire spacing, phase distance and tower structure, check whether the flight path of the helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment method can meet the safety distance requirements;

Compile the technical documents of the work instructions, determine the operators, and prepare the corresponding materials and tools;

For ground line maintenance operations, the pilot in charge should clarify with the on-line operators the planned hovering time of the helicopter during ground line maintenance operations.

Specifically, the work permit includes the following:

After the work licensor issues the work permit order, the person in charge of the work checks the double title of the line and the color code of the line;

Apply for deactivation of line reclosing, and at the same time make it clear that if the line trips, it must not be forced to send without contact;

The person in charge of the work reads out the work ticket and the dangerous point analysis and control sheet on the spot, and conducts safety and technical disclosure to all operators, so that all operators can understand the work content and task division, master the operation procedures, operation methods and technical requirements of the operation project, and clarify the safety requirements. Measures and safety precautions, all staff will sign and confirm after confirming, and the person in charge of the work will issue an order to start work.

Specifically, the pre-flight inspection includes the following:

Spread the tarpaulin in a suitable position, arrange the tools in turn, check whether the tools are complete, and conduct visual inspections; the live working personnel conduct visual inspections of the hanging equipment, insulating ropes, etc., and the pilots and live workers wear shielding clothing. Measure the resistance of insulating ropes and shielding suits to confirm that the insulation performance meets the requirements; pilots and maintenance personnel conduct pre-flight inspections of helicopters and disassemble the helicopter cockpit door; ground operators check wind speed, wind direction, and air humidity;

Ground operators check the connections of the helicopter manned hooks, ropes, guides, and ground wire connection equipment, confirm that the personnel safety belt connection rope, work guide, and ground wire connection equipment are reliably connected to the rope system, measure the resistance of the shielding suit, and check Appearance, confirm that all parts are well connected and reliable;

The live working personnel should fix the working tools and potential transfer rods in the conductor and ground wire connection equipment, and confirm that the communication equipment is in normal working condition.

Specifically, the hanging operation of the guide and ground wire connection equipment is as follows:

The ground operator connects the suspension system and the live operator, and checks again that the connection ring of the personnel safety belt is reliably connected with the insulating rope, and the connection between the potential transfer rod and the conductor and ground wire connection equipment is firm; after there is no problem, command the helicopter to raise the height to 1.5 meters above the ground. Hover at a distance of 10 meters and wait for the hook. After the ground operator hooks, slowly spread out the insulating rope to prevent the insulating rope from touching the ground.

Specifically, the pre-launch inspection includes the following:

When the helicopter hanging operation guide and ground wire connection equipment take off 0.5m from the ground, hover for inspection, and the ground operators further confirm that the hooks, ropes, guides, and ground wire connection equipment are connected reliably;

The person in charge of the work observes the flight status of the helicopter's hoisting guide and ground wire connection equipment. If the operation guide and ground wire connection equipment rotate seriously, the flight personnel should be notified to further adjust the flight attitude and flight speed.

Specifically, when flying to the operation site, the helicopter hanger flies to the operation line, the pilot and the live operator verify the operation line and the tower, and at the same time carry out navigation obstacle identification, and visually verify the position of the operation site; the pilot selects according to the wind direction. path, approaching the operating point slowly and at a constant speed.

Specifically, the entry of the helicopter suspension guide and the ground wire connection equipment into the working position includes the operation of entering the wire operation position and the operation of entering the ground wire operation position;

The operation of the wire work position is as follows:

The pilot needs to control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, select the nearest spacer at the operating point as a visual reference, and send the guide and ground wire connection equipment to the reference spacer in a straight line along the specified angle; Notify the height information from the line, adjust the flight attitude and descent speed, and the pilot observes the position of the personnel and the distance from the surrounding electrified objects at any time;

After the guide and ground wire connection equipment enters the position of the working wire, the maintenance personnel firstly connect their own safety belt protection rope to the wire firmly, then untie the connection between the safety belt and the sling, and then pass the guide and ground wire connection equipment through the brake device and After the anti-twist device is firmly connected to the wire, untie the connection between the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the sling, and finally confirm that the personnel, the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the wire are reliably connected and disconnected from the sling, and then command the helicopter to fly away from the operating position ;

To enter the ground work position, the operation is as follows:

The pilot needs to control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, and the hanging guide and ground wire connection equipment descend slowly. During the descent, the maintenance personnel communicate with the pilot through the communication device and operation gestures, adjust the flight attitude and descent speed, and the pilot observes the guide and ground wire connection at the same time. The location of the equipment and its distance from surrounding charged objects;

When the equipment to be connected to the guide and ground wire is lowered to a place parallel to the ground wire, the maintenance personnel will inform the pilot to hover stably and assist the pulley of the guide and ground wire connection equipment to enter the ground wire.

Specifically, the maintenance subjects are carried out in accordance with the maintenance subject instructions; after the maintenance subjects are completed, the helicopter suspension guide and the ground wire connection equipment exit the wire working position and the ground wire working position. The specific operation process is as follows: the pilot receives the operator After the notification of the end of the operation, drive the helicopter back to the sky above the operation position, control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, and the operator communicates with the flight personnel through the communication device and gestures to determine the relative position of the end of the sling from the operation site; after the maintenance personnel touch the sling , inform the pilot to control the helicopter to hover. First, the maintenance personnel will reliably connect the guide and ground wire connection equipment with the sling, release the brake device and anti-twist device of the guide and ground wire connection equipment, and then connect their own safety belt protection rope with the sling. Connect the sling, remove the connection between the protective rope and the wire, confirm that the potential transfer rod is well connected with the wire, and notify the helicopter to slowly rise in height; Whether the rope is completely detached, and maintain communication with the pilot, and notify the pilot to continue to ascend after confirming safety; after the maintenance personnel complete the maintenance subjects, release the guide and ground wires to connect the brake device of the equipment, check the fixing of the tools in the basket, confirm the guide, The ground wire connection equipment has been disconnected from the ground wire. The pilot is notified to slowly increase the altitude, and the auxiliary guide and the ground wire connection equipment are smoothly separated from the ground wire.

Specifically, the helicopter return operation is as follows: the helicopter hangs the guide and ground wire connection equipment back to the top of the landing field and slowly descends, and the maintenance personnel in the basket communicate with the pilot through operation gestures and communication equipment to confirm the connection between the guide and the ground wire. The height of the equipment from the ground; when the work guide and the ground wire connection equipment are close to the ground, the ground cooperating personnel use the ground wire to discharge the guide and ground wire connection equipment, the helicopter and the hook. After the guide and ground wire connection equipment are in stable contact with the ground, The maintenance personnel in the basket release the connection between the sling and the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the safety belt, and the ground personnel organize the sling and put it into the tool box to prevent it from being damp;

After the work is over, the person in charge of the work shall issue an order to the work licensor, go through the formalities of completion, and evacuate from the site.

In view of domestic UHV AC/DC transmission lines, carry out the live work of helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment, and carry out the research and development of work guide and ground wire connection equipment and supporting tools. The functional module design scheme of the conductor and ground connection equipment shall be considered in consideration of various factors such as the splitting form of the conductor, the operation of maintenance operators and the space occupied by tools and equipment, the connection method of the conductor and ground connection equipment and the sling, etc. Helicopters are used to transport people and wire guides and ground wire connection equipment to the wire operation point to carry out operations such as replacement of wire spacers, replacement of wire anti-vibration hammers, and pre-twisted wire repairs. Referring to the experience of the State Grid General Aviation 500kV conductor and ground wire connection equipment (plug-in conductor and ground wire connection equipment), combined with the 1000kV, ±800kV UHV line conductor parameters and the characteristics of helicopter flight operations, check the general power transmission and transformation projects. According to the design manual, the relevant wire parameters of UHV lines are as follows:

Conductor model of ±800kV DC transmission line: ACSR-720/50 (1250/xxx), the distribution of six split conductors is shown in Figure 2;

The wire model of 1000kV AC transmission line is LGJ-630/50, and the distribution of eight-split wires is shown in Figure 3.

Through the comparative analysis and demonstration of plug-in guide, ground wire connection equipment, C-type guide, ground wire connection equipment, saddle type guide, ground wire connection equipment, the design scheme of saddle type guide and ground wire connection equipment is finally determined. The saddle-type conductor and ground wire connection equipment not only avoids the narrow internal space of the conductor and ground wire connection equipment when inserted, but also avoids the disadvantage of the C-type conductor and ground wire connection equipment that is difficult to hang on the wire, and has a simple structure. , large space, less difficulty in flight suspension and other advantages, so it became the final structure of the guide and ground wire connection equipment.

The structure design of the saddle type guide and ground wire connection equipment is as follows:

Conductor and ground wire connection equipment material

According to the working mode of the saddle-type conductor and ground wire connection equipment, the distribution size of the eight-split wire directly determines the overall size of the conductor and ground wire connection equipment. The external dimensions of the conductor and ground wire connection equipment are relatively large. If the weight of the conductor and ground wire connection equipment itself is small, it must be high in strength and light in weight in terms of material selection.

In accordance with the requirements of live working tools, the main body of the design conductor and ground connection equipment is made of LY12 aluminum alloy pipe, the joint material is made of LC4 superhard aluminum alloy, and the other parts of the conductor and ground connection equipment are made of steel. In this way, under the premise of ensuring the strength of the equipment connected to the conductor and ground wire, the self-weight is lighter.

The overall structure of the conductor and ground connection equipment

Referring to the "Steel Structure Design Handbook (Second Edition)", the platform structure is usually composed of planks, beams, columns, inter-column supports, ladders, railings, etc. According to the functional module design of the guide and ground wire connection equipment, before assembling its functional modules, a skeleton base support module is required. The parts of the skeleton base are the main force-bearing components of the guide and ground wire connection equipment. , It is also necessary to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity to improve the safety and reliability of the conductor and ground connection equipment. The overall dimensions of the frame of the saddle-type conductor and ground wire connection equipment are: 2300×900×1420mm. The overall dimension is the width according to the division of the eight-split conductor. In the space where the largest eight-split wire spacer can be placed vertically, a size of 900mm is selected.

There is a hanging frame on both sides of the guide and ground wire connection equipment, which can accommodate an adult male maintenance work activity space. The size of the hanging frame is designed to be 900mm (length) × 500mm (width) to meet the necessary space size for the operation. Helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment method live overhaul operation is high-altitude operation, and railings must be designed. Refer to the first volume of "Mechanical Design Manual". The height of the railing should be slightly higher than the height of the center of gravity of the human body. The height of the railing is designed to be 1000mm (high).

The overall frame is equipped with guides at two positions, one is the guide under the pulley block, and the other is a guide foot under the hanging frame on both sides. The guide foot can directly play the role of guide and ground wire to connect the equipment support feet, and place it directly ground. The structure of the conductor and ground connection equipment is shown in Figure 4.

The saddle-type guide and ground connection equipment are helicopter, sling system, guide and ground connection equipment from top to bottom. The two lifting methods of the saddle-type guide and ground wire connection equipment are to use the lifting ring, as shown in 5, the U-shaped hanging ring 3 is fixedly installed on the upper beam of the saddle-type guide and ground wire connection equipment main body 4, and the position is locked by the rope 2. The two opposite U-shaped hanging rings 3 pull 2 or more ropes 2 through the triangular cone 1, and the triangular cone 1 is fixedly installed on the sling system below the helicopter. The design and strength check of wire guide and ground wire connection equipment are as follows:

Rated design load and failure load of wire guide and ground wire connection equipment

According to GB/T 18037-2008 "Basic Technical Requirements and Design Guidelines for Live Working Tools", the rated design weight Qrs of manned tools is calculated as follows.

The formula for calculating the rated design load of the manned tool: Q _rs = K _c × Q _r

In the formula: Kc—impact coefficient. It is stipulated in Table 21 Impact Coefficient of Manned Vehicles that the dynamic lift impact coefficient of manned tools shall be 2.5.

The rated load of the helicopter lead and ground connection equipment should also consider the self-weight of the lead and ground connection equipment, and the self-weight of the lead and ground connection equipment is calculated as 110kg. Aviation inspectors (2) weigh 160kg, helmets and shielding suits weigh 6kg, and live working tools (including potential transfer rods) weigh 25kg, so the rated load of the helicopter wire guide and ground wire connection equipment Q _rs = K _c × Q _r ( N)=2.5×301×9.8=7.37kN.

GB/T 18037-2008 "Basic Technical Requirements and Design Guidelines for Live Working Tools" stipulates that the safety factor of steel castings made of plastic materials should be 1.8 to 2.5. In addition, it is also stipulated that when the component bears the dynamic load, the value of the safety factor should be increased by 1.5 to 2.0 times. The safety factor of the flight training with people on the external suspension of the helicopter is high, so the safety factor is taken as 5.0 here. In addition, the unbalanced coefficient should also be considered. Generally, the unbalanced coefficient K _b = 1.1 is taken. When the stressed parts are distributed n times according to the total load, K _b = 1.1 ⁿ is taken. Therefore, the failure load of the helicopter wire guide and ground wire connection equipment is Q = K _c × Q _r (N) = 301 × 9.8 × 2.5 × 2 × 1.1 × 2.5 = 40.56kN.

Brake structure design Brake assembly of guide and ground wire connection equipment: due to the slope of the wire, in order to prevent the guide and ground wire connection equipment from sliding down on the wire, a brake is set in front of each pulley of the guide and ground wire connection equipment.

The brake design adopts the method of wire clips, and the brakes are set next to each group of guide wheels, a total of four groups, and the brake components are manually operated by the staff in the equipment connected to the guide and ground wires. According to different wire forms, the wire clip can be replaced in real time, which is convenient for installation and operation.

Anti-rotation device design

The anti-twist device adopts soft connection. Before hanging, the whole device can be placed in the conductor and ground connection equipment on both sides. When the conductor and ground connection equipment enter the conductor, the conductor will not be scratched. The whole device is composed of wire hook-tightening device-connector, totally four groups.

Structural design of ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment

Material of ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment

According to the requirements of live working tools, the main body of the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment is made of LY12 aluminum alloy pipe, the joint material is made of LC4 superhard aluminum alloy, and other components are the same as the wire guide and ground wire connection equipment. Under the premise of connecting the strength of the equipment, the self-weight should be light.

The overall structure of the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment

According to the operation mode of the helicopter guide and ground wire connection equipment method and the ground wire parameters of my country's UHV AC and DC transmission lines, the guide and ground wire connection equipment is developed. Referring to the development experience of the UHV AC/DC ground flying car and the parameters of 1000kV and ±800kV UHV lines (the specification of the ground wire is: LGJ-240, diameter: 22.4mm), according to the characteristics of the helicopter flight operation, the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment It only carries one person, and the tool takes up less space, so the design size of the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment is relatively small, and the main structure is a reference to the single-wire flying car commonly used on the line. Through comprehensive analysis, it is finally determined that the operation method is the same as that of the wire guide and ground wire connection equipment, which is basically similar to the soft ladder method, which is simple, safe and fast.

As shown in Figure 6, the overall dimensions of the frame of the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment are: 600×550×1200～1950mm. Type I ground conductor and ground connection equipment include:

Hanging frame: There is a hanging frame at the bottom of the guide and ground wire connection equipment, which can accommodate a maintenance personnel and portable tools. When the guide and ground wire connection equipment enters the ground wire, the staff needs to squat or sit in the hanging frame to When maintenance is required after the work site, the personnel start to work standing up; before operation, the height of the main girder of the equipment connected to the guide and ground wires can be adjusted according to the requirements of the maintenance subject, so as to facilitate the maintenance operation. A non-slip aluminum alloy plate is laid on the bottom of the hanging frame, and a protective net is set up around the hanging frame to prevent tools from falling. Guide rod: When the helicopter hangs the ground wire guide and the ground wire connection equipment to enter the ground wire, the maintenance personnel instructs the pilot to adjust the attitude, and the suspension guide and the ground wire connection equipment enter the ground wire along the guide rod. The contact parts between the guide rod and the ground wire are covered with rubber to avoid scratching the ground wire.

Pulley device: two pulleys arranged front and back on the top of the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment; it plays the role of supporting the guide and ground wire connection equipment on the ground wire, and is made of high-strength nylon.

As shown in Figure 7, the overall dimensions of Type II ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment are 500×800×1200mm.

Type II ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment ropes are connected to the guide and ground wire connection equipment through 4 hanging points. When the helicopter is hoisted, the staff should squat or sit in the guide and ground wire connection equipment, and when they arrive at the work site and need to be overhauled, the staff should stand in the hanging frame. The distance between the guide and ground wires is connected to the front struts of the equipment. The adjustable range is between 890mm and 1390mm. It can be installed in a suitable position according to the actual maintenance requirements. When adjusting the spacing, first remove the fixing bolts in the adjustment holes, and then adjust the struts to the proper position Insert the fixing bolt into the adjustment hole and tighten it.

Rated design load of ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment

According to GB/T 18037-2008 "Basic Technical Requirements and Design Guidelines for Live Working Tools", the rated design weight Qrs of manned tools is calculated as follows.

The formula for calculating the rated design load of the manned tool: Q _rs = K _c × Q _r

In the formula: Kc—impact coefficient. It is stipulated in Table 21 Impact Coefficient of Manned Vehicles that the dynamic lift impact coefficient of manned tools shall be 2.5.

The helicopter ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment carry a person during operation, the weight is about 80kg, the helmet shielding suit weighs about 6kg, the operating tool weighs about 25kg, and the ground wire guide and ground wire connection equipment weigh 40kg. The equipment connected to the ground wire needs to bear a weight of about 150kg.

Therefore, the rated load Q _rs of the helicopter wire guide and ground wire connection equipment = K _c × Q _r (N) = 2.5 × 150 × 9.8 = 3.68 kN. GB/T 18037-2008 "Basic Technical Requirements and Design Guidelines for Live Working Tools" stipulates that the safety factor of steel castings made of plastic materials should be 1.8 to 2.5. In addition, it is also stipulated that when the component bears the dynamic load, the value of the safety factor should be increased by 1.5 to 2.0 times. The safety factor of the flight training with people on the external suspension of the helicopter is high, so the safety factor is taken as 5.0 here. In addition, the unbalanced coefficient should also be considered. Generally, the unbalanced coefficient K _b = 1.1 is taken. When the stressed parts are distributed n times according to the total load, K _b = 1.1 ⁿ is taken. Therefore, the failure load of the helicopter wire guide and ground wire connection equipment is Q = K _c × Q _r (N) = 150 × 9.8 × 2.5 × 1.1 × 2.5 × 2 = 20.21kN.

Strength check of hoisting closed ring

According to the allowable hoisting parameters of Bell429 helicopter's external hanging double hooks, the allowable hoisting weight of the main hook is 600kg, and the limited rated load of the closed ring is designed according to 600kg. The specific design dimensions of the sling ring used when the helicopter lifts the closed ring to cooperate with the helicopter to lift heavy objects are shown in Figure 8.

(1) The material of the helicopter lifting ring is 60si2Mn, and its tensile strength σ _b ≥ 1274MPa

The formula for calculating the rated design load of the manned tool: Q _rs = K _c × Q _r

Therefore, the rated load Q _rs of the helicopter lifting ring = K _c × Q _r = 3.5 × 600 × 9.8 = 20.58kN

(2) F＝Qrs× _ns ＝ _20.58kN ×5＝102.90kN

In the formula: the rated load of Qrs helicopter wire guide and ground wire connection equipment is taken as 20.58kN ns—the safety factor is taken as 5.

(3) Conclusion: σ＝163.77MPa≤[σ]＝1274MPa, the tensile stress of the helicopter lifting ring is less than the allowable tensile stress, so the helicopter lifting ring is safe and reliable under this working condition.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalently replace some of the technical features; it is obvious for those skilled in the art to combine multiple technical solutions of the present invention. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A helicopter live maintenance operation method is characterized in that the operation process comprises the following steps: S1, preliminary preparation; S2, work permit; S3, pre-flight inspection; S4, installation guide, ground wire connection equipment; S5, pre-flight inspection; S6, flying to the work site; S7, helicopter hanging guide, ground wire connection The equipment enters the working position; S8, carry out the maintenance project; S9, the helicopter returns; S10, the work ends; The preliminary preparations include the following: Check the take-off and landing site and alternate landing site, tower structure, defective parts and the surrounding environment of the operation point, and judge whether the helicopter can be used for live work; Calculate the lead, ground wire spacing, arrangement form, phase-to-phase distance, phase sequence and tower structure, check the specifications of tools and materials, and check the relevant product certificates and test reports; According to the inspection results of the distance between the guide and ground wires, the distance between phases and the structure of the tower, check whether the flight path of the helicopter and the hanging guide and ground wire connection equipment can meet the safety distance requirements; Compile the technical documents of the work instructions, determine the operators, and prepare the corresponding materials and tools; For ground line maintenance operations, the pilot in charge should clarify with the on-line operators the planned hovering time of the helicopter during ground line maintenance operations; Said work permit includes the following: After the work licensor issues the work permit order, the person in charge of the work checks the double title of the line and the color code of the line; applies for deactivation of the line reclosing, and at the same time makes it clear that if the line trips, it must not be forced to send without contact; The person in charge of the work reads out the work ticket and the dangerous point analysis and control sheet on the spot, and conducts safety and technical disclosure to all operators, so that all operators can understand the work content and task division, master the operation procedures, operation methods and technical requirements of the operation project, and clarify the safety requirements. Measures and safety precautions, all staff will sign and confirm after confirming, and the person in charge of the work will issue an order to start work; Preflight inspections include the following: Spread the tarpaulin in a suitable position, arrange the tools in turn, check whether the tools are complete, and conduct visual inspections; live workers conduct visual inspections of hanging equipment, insulating ropes, etc., and pilots and live workers wear shielding clothing. Measure the resistance of insulating ropes and shielding suits to confirm that the insulation performance meets the requirements; pilots and maintenance personnel conduct helicopter pre-flight inspections and dismantle the helicopter cockpit door; ground operators check wind speed, wind direction, and air humidity; Ground operators check the connections of the helicopter manned hooks, ropes, guides, and ground wire connection equipment, confirm that the personnel safety belt connection rope, work guide, and ground wire connection equipment are reliably connected to the rope system, measure the resistance of the shielding suit, and check Appearance, confirm that all parts are well connected and reliable; The live working personnel should fix the working tools and potential transfer rods in the conductor and ground wire connection equipment, and confirm that the communication equipment is in normal working condition; The guide and ground wire connection equipment hanging operation is as follows: The ground operator connects the suspension system and the live operator, and checks again that the connection ring of the personnel safety belt is reliably connected with the insulating rope, and the connection between the potential transfer rod and the conductor and ground wire connection equipment is firm; after there is no problem, command the helicopter to raise the height to 1.5 meters above the ground. Hover at a distance of 10 meters and wait for the hook, and the ground operators slowly spread out the insulating rope after hooking to prevent the insulating rope from touching the ground; The pre-flight inspection includes the following: When the helicopter hanging operation guide and ground wire connection equipment take off 0.5m from the ground, hover for inspection, and the ground operators further confirm that the hooks, ropes, guides, and ground wire connection equipment are connected reliably; The person in charge of the work observes the flight status of the helicopter's hoisting guide and ground wire connection equipment. If the operation guide and ground wire connection equipment have serious rotation, notify the pilot to further adjust the flight attitude and flight speed; When flying to the operation site, the helicopter hanger will fly to the operation line, the pilot and the live operator will verify the operation line and the tower, and at the same time, carry out navigation obstacle identification, and visually verify the position of the operation site; close to the operating point; The helicopter hanging guide and ground wire connection equipment enter the working position, including the operation of entering the wire operation position and the operation of entering the ground wire operation position; The operation of the wire work position is as follows: The pilot needs to control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, select the nearest spacer at the operating point as a visual reference, and send the guide and ground wire connection equipment to the reference spacer in a straight line along the specified angle; Notify the height information from the line, adjust the flight attitude and descent speed, and the pilot observes the position of the personnel and the distance from the surrounding electrified objects at any time; After the guide and ground wire connection equipment enters the position of the working wire, the maintenance personnel firstly connect their own safety belt protection rope to the wire firmly, then untie the connection between the safety belt and the sling, and then pass the guide and ground wire connection equipment through the brake device and After the anti-twist device is firmly connected to the wire, untie the connection between the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the sling, and finally confirm that the personnel, the guide and ground wire connection equipment and the wire are reliably connected and disconnected from the sling, and then command the helicopter to fly away from the operating position ; To enter the ground work position, the operation is as follows: The pilot needs to control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, and the hanging guide and ground wire connection equipment descend slowly. During the descent, the maintenance personnel communicate with the pilot through the communication device and operation gestures, adjust the flight attitude and descent speed, and the pilot observes the guide and ground wire connection at the same time. The location of the equipment and its distance from surrounding charged objects; When the equipment to be connected to the guide and ground wire is lowered to the place parallel to the ground wire, the maintenance personnel will inform the pilot to hover stably, and assist the pulley of the guide and ground wire connection equipment to enter the ground wire; The maintenance subjects shall be carried out in accordance with the maintenance subject instructions; after the completion of the maintenance subjects, the helicopter hanging guide and the ground wire connection equipment shall withdraw from the wire working position and the ground wire working position. After the notification, drive the helicopter back to the sky above the working position, control the attitude of the helicopter against the wind, and the operator communicates with the pilot through the communication device and gestures to determine the relative position of the end of the sling from the working site; after the maintenance personnel touch the sling, notify the pilot To control the helicopter to hover, firstly, after the maintenance personnel reliably connect the guide and ground wire connection equipment with the sling, release the brake device and anti-twist device of the guide and ground wire connection equipment, and then connect the safety belt protection rope with the sling , remove the connection between the protective rope and the wire, confirm that the potential transfer rod is well connected with the wire, and notify the helicopter to slowly rise in height; Disengage, and maintain communication with the pilot, and notify the pilot to continue to ascend after confirming safety; after the maintenance personnel complete the maintenance subjects, release the lead and ground wires to connect the brake device of the equipment, check the fixation of the tools in the basket, and confirm the lead and ground wires are connected. The equipment has been disconnected from the ground wire, and the pilot is notified to slowly increase the altitude, and the auxiliary guide and the ground wire connection equipment are smoothly separated from the ground wire; The helicopter return operation is as follows: the helicopter hangs the guide and the ground wire connection equipment back to the top of the landing field and slowly descends, the maintenance personnel in the basket communicate with the pilot through operation gestures and communication equipment, and confirm that the guide and ground wire connection equipment are away from the ground. When the working guide and the ground wire connection equipment are close to the ground, the ground coordination personnel use the ground wire to discharge the guide and ground wire connection equipment, the helicopter and the hook. The personnel release the connection between the sling and the guide, the ground wire connection equipment and the safety belt, and the ground personnel arrange the sling and put it in the tool box to prevent it from being damp; After the work is over, the person in charge of the work shall issue an order to the work licensor, go through the formalities of completion, and evacuate from the site.

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