CN113308949A

CN113308949A - High stability singly opens switch

Info

Publication number: CN113308949A
Application number: CN202110525945.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王树国; 王璞; 赵振华; 李伟; 葛晶; 王猛; 司道林; 杨东升; 钱坤; 杨亮; 王钟苑
Original assignee: China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS; Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS; China State Railway Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS; Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS; China State Railway Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-14
Filing date: 2021-05-14
Publication date: 2021-08-27

Abstract

The invention provides a high-stability single turnout, comprising sleepers, a fastener system group, a straight basic rail, a curved basic rail, a straight connecting rail, a curved tip rail, a guard rail and a switch movement, the straight basic rail and the straight connecting rail The connecting rails are arranged in parallel, the curved basic rail is arranged on the outside of the straight connecting rail, the curved tip rail is arranged between the straight basic rail and the straight connecting rail, and the curved tip rail intersects with the straight basic track and the straight connecting track. The turnout movement is set at the intersection of the track type and the straight connection track type. The turnout movement is connected to the end of the curved tip rail and the end of the straight connection rail. Both sides of the turnout movement and the inner side of the straight basic rail corresponding to the turnout movement are connected with the turnout. The inner side of the curved basic rail at the corresponding position of the movement is respectively provided with guard rails, the front end of the curved tip rail is closely attached to the straight basic rail, and the fastener system group adopts elastic clips to connect the guard rail and the curved basic rail. The service life of the curved tip rail of the invention will be significantly improved; the stability of the fastener system will be greatly improved, and the maintenance and repair workload will be greatly reduced.

Description

High stability singly opens switch

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of rails, in particular to a high-stability single turnout.

Background

No. 9 single turnout of 60kg/m steel rail is used in China in general speed railway in large quantity, and during the actual use process, the turnout mainly has the following problems: the switch curved switch rail is easy to have side grinding, fish scale damage and other diseases, and the service life of the switch rail is short; the length of the switch point is 12.4m, the length from a second traction point of the switch to the heel end of the switch point is 7.85m, and the second traction point to the heel end of the switch point has insufficient displacement; by using the embedded sleeve type fastener system, the sleeve is frequently damaged and difficult to replace in the using process, so that huge maintenance workload is caused; the sliding bed bedplate adopts rigid buckling and pressing basic rails, and the anti-tipping capability of the steel rails is weaker.

The existing No. 9 single turnout of the 60kg/m steel rail is designed in 2007, and more problems are gradually exposed in the actual use process, so that the service life is short, and the maintenance workload is large. Most of the problems can be solved through structure optimization, but at present, no structure optimization scheme aiming at the turnout exists, and no replaceable new generation turnout exists.

Therefore, the structure optimization design is needed to be carried out aiming at the problems of the No. 9 single turnout of the 60kg/m steel rail in the operation process, the service performance of the turnout is improved, and the service life of the turnout is prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a high-stability single-opening turnout, aiming at solving the problems that in the prior art, the number 9 single-opening turnout of a 60kg/m steel rail is gradually exposed more and more in the actual use process, so that the service life is short, and the maintenance workload is large.

The invention provides a high-stability single turnout, which comprises a plurality of sleepers, a fastener system group, a straight stock rail, a curved stock rail, a straight connecting rail, a curved switch rail, a guard rail and a turnout machine core, wherein the sleepers are arranged in parallel, the straight stock rail, the curved stock rail, the straight connecting rail, the curved switch rail, the curved guard rail and the turnout machine core are arranged above the sleepers through the fastener system group, the straight stock rail and the straight connecting rail are arranged in parallel, the curved stock rail is arranged at the outer side of the straight connecting rail, the curved switch rail is arranged between the straight stock rail and the straight connecting rail, the trend directions of the curved stock rail and the curved switch rail are the same, the curved stock rail is crossed with the straight stock rail and the straight connecting rail, the curved switch rail is crossed with the straight connecting rail, the turnout machine core is arranged at the crossed position of the curved switch rail and the straight connecting rail, the turnout machine core is connected with the tail end of the curved stock rail and the turnout machine core, two sides of the straight stock rail at the position corresponding to the machine core, the inner sides of the curved stock rails at the positions corresponding to the turnout movement are respectively provided with a guard rail, the front ends of the direct connection rails are movably and closely attached to the curved stock rails, and the front ends of the curved switch rails are movably and closely attached to the straight stock rails; the linear type of the curve switch rail is a separated semi-tangent type, the working surface of the straight stock rail at the position where the straight stock rail is closely attached to the curve switch rail is inwards recessed, the working surface of the curved stock rail at the position where the straight stock rail is closely attached to the curve switch rail is matched with the working surface at the recessed position of the straight stock rail closely attached surface, and the fastener system group adopts an elastic fastener and the internal and external fastening pressures of the straight stock rail are consistent.

The turnout lateral line type adopts a separated half tangent line type, and compared with the existing compound curve line type, the adjustment and the maintenance of the on-site line type are easier, in addition, the length of the straight line section at the front end of the switch rail can be effectively increased, and the abrasion of the weak area at the front end of the switch rail is reduced. The technology of planing and cutting the stock rails to thicken the switch rails is adopted, and the quick thickening of the switch rails is realized in the area where the front ends of the switch rails are closely attached to the stock rails by planing and cutting the stock rails, so that the bearing capacity and the wear resistance of the switch rails are improved, and the service life of the switch rails is prolonged.

Through half tangent line type technique that leaves mutually, can increase switch rail front end straightway length, avoid the excessive wearing and tearing of switch rail front end, but can cause the increase of switch rail point-end attack angle, the impact effect when the train reverse gets into the switch can improve to some extent, through the technique of planing the thickening switch rail of stock rail, can realize the quick thickening of switch rail, improve the thickness and the intensity of switch rail front end, guarantee to cause the attack angle increase, impact effect improves back switch rail intensity and can satisfy the demands adopting half tangent line type technique that leaves mutually.

The invention relates to a high-stability single-opening turnout, which is characterized in that a fastener system group comprises a plurality of connecting section fastener systems, a plurality of switch section fastener systems and a plurality of frog rail protection section fastener systems, wherein the connecting section fastener systems are used for connecting sleepers and straight stock rail connecting sections, the switch section fastener systems are used for connecting the sleepers and straight stock rail switch sections, the sleepers and curved point rail switch sections, and the frog rail protection section fastener systems are used for connecting frog rail protection sections of the sleepers and the straight stock rails and frog rail protection sections of the sleepers and the rail protection rails.

The invention relates to a high-stability single-opening turnout, as a preferred mode, a connecting section fastener system comprises a connecting section pre-buried group, a connecting section cushion layer, a first connecting section cushion layer track gauge block, a second connecting section cushion layer track gauge block, a first connecting section track gauge block and a second connecting section track gauge block, wherein the connecting section pre-buried group is pre-buried on the upper surfaces of two sides of a sleeper relatively, the connecting section cushion layer is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper between the connecting section pre-buried group and is elastically connected with the second connecting section cushion layer track gauge block through the first connecting section cushion layer track gauge block, and the connecting section cushion layer elastically arranges a straight basic rail on the upper surface of the connecting section cushion layer through the first connecting section track gauge block and the second connecting section track gauge block;

the connection section pre-buried group comprises a first connection section pre-buried iron seat, a second connection section pre-buried iron seat, a first connection section bolt, a second connection section bolt, a first connection section elastic strip and a second connection section elastic strip, and the lower parts of the first connection section pre-buried iron seat and the second connection section pre-buried iron seat are relatively pre-buried on the upper surfaces of the two sides of the sleeper;

the upper parts of the embedded iron bases of the first connecting section and the second connecting section are of block-shaped or plate-shaped structures with radial fixing grooves, the fixing grooves are axially vertical to the sleeper, the elastic strips of the first connecting section and the second connecting section are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper bows, the highest point of the elastic strip of the first connecting section is fastened through a first connecting section bolt, the lowest point of the outer side end of the elastic strip of the first connecting section is matched with the fixing groove of the embedded iron base of the first connecting section, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the elastic strip of the first connecting section is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the embedded iron base of the first connecting section to the inner side edge of the embedded iron base of the first connecting section, the edge opposite to the edge of the embedded iron base of the first connecting section is arranged above the track gauge block of the cushion layer of the first connecting section, the elastic strip of the second connecting section and the elastic strip of the second connecting section are of arc-shaped elastic structures with the upper bows, and the highest point of the elastic strip of the second connecting section is fastened through a second connecting section bolt, the lowest point of the outer side end of the second connecting section elastic strip is matched with a fixing groove of a second connecting section embedded iron base, the width of a working edge of the lower side of the second connecting section elastic strip is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the second connecting section embedded iron base to the inner side edge of the second connecting section embedded iron base, and the opposite edge of the second connecting section elastic strip, which is contacted with the second connecting section embedded iron base, is arranged above a second connecting section cushion layer track gauge block;

the connecting section cushion layer comprises a connecting section plate lower rubber mat, a connecting section iron cushion plate, a connecting section rail lower cushion plate, a first connecting section cushion plate elastic strip, a second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip, a first connecting section cushion plate bolt and a second connecting section cushion plate bolt, wherein the connecting section plate lower rubber mat is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper between the first connecting section pre-buried iron seat and the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat, the connecting section iron cushion plate is arranged on the upper surface of the connecting section plate lower rubber mat, the connecting section rail lower cushion plate is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the connecting section iron cushion plate, a first connecting section cushion layer track gauge block and a second connecting section cushion layer track gauge block are respectively arranged at the two opposite side positions of the connecting section iron cushion plate, the connecting section iron cushion plate is provided with two opposite block-shaped or plate-shaped fixing structures with radial fixing grooves at the two sides of the connecting section rail lower cushion plate position, the direction of the fixing grooves is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper, the first connecting section cushion plate elastic strip and the first connecting section cushion plate elastic strip are of an arc-shaped elastic structure with an upper bow, the highest point of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip is fastened through a first connecting section backing plate bolt, the lowest point of the outer side end of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip is matched with a fixing groove of a fixing structure at the same side, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip is greater than the length from the fixing groove of the upper surface of the fixing structure at the same side to the inner side end of the fixing structure, the opposite edge of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip, which is contacted with the fixing structure at the same side, is arranged above a first connecting section track gauge block, the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip and the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip are of an arc elastic structure with an upper bow, the highest point of the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip is fastened through a second connecting section backing plate bolt, the lowest point of the outer side end of the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip is matched with the fixing groove of the fixing structure at the same side, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip is greater than the length from the fixing groove of the upper surface of the fixing structure at the same side to the inner side of the fixing structure, the opposite side of the second connecting section base plate elastic strip, which is contacted with the fixing structure at the same side, is arranged above the second connecting section gauge block; the upper surface of the connecting section iron base plate is a non-horizontal plane.

By adopting the pre-buried iron seat type fastener system, the reliable connection between an iron base plate and a concrete sleeper can be realized, the stability and the fatigue load resistance of the fastener system are enhanced, and the damage occurrence frequency and the maintenance workload of the fastener system are greatly reduced. And a rail bottom slope is arranged in the fork area, so that the wheel-rail contact relation when the wheels pass is improved.

The invention relates to a high-stability single turnout, which is characterized in that a curved switch rail top profile and a rail top profile of a switch rail area of a direct connection rail are provided with 1/40 rail top slopes as an optimal mode.

Through the setting of rail base slope of stock rail 1/40, will realize the slope matching of the different rail spares in switch district. If only adopt pre-buried iron seat formula fastener system or only adopt 1/40 rail base slopes, though can exert respective technical advantage, but will cause the mismatching of rail spare slope, when the vehicle passes through the switch, will appear that one rail has 1/40 slopes, and the condition of another strand of rail no slope produces adverse effect to wheel rail contact relation and vehicle passing performance. Therefore, the combined use of the pre-buried iron seat type fastener system and the 1/40 rail bottom slope can better exert the advantages and effects.

The invention relates to a high-stability single-opening turnout, as a preferred mode, a switch section fastener system comprises switch section pre-embedded groups, a switch section cushion layer, a switch section point rail cushion layer, a first switch section cushion layer gauge block, a second switch section cushion layer gauge block and a first switch section gauge block, wherein the switch section pre-embedded groups are relatively pre-embedded on the upper surfaces of two sides of a sleeper, the switch section cushion layer is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper between the switch section pre-embedded groups, the straight stock rail is elastically arranged on the upper surface of the switch section cushion layer through the first switch section cushion layer gauge block and the vertical bulge on the upper surface of the switch section cushion layer, the switch section cushion layer is elastically arranged above the switch cushion layer on one side of the straight stock rail, and the upper surface of the switch section cushion layer is provided with the curve stock rail; the switch section pre-buried group comprises a first switch section pre-buried iron seat, a second switch section pre-buried iron seat, a first switch section bolt, a second switch section bolt, a first switch section elastic strip and a second switch section elastic strip, and the lower parts of the first switch section pre-buried iron seat and the second switch section pre-buried iron seat are relatively pre-buried on the upper surfaces of the two sides of the sleeper;

the upper parts of the embedded iron bases of the first switch section and the second switch section are of block-shaped or plate-shaped structures with radial fixing grooves, the direction of the fixing grooves is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper, the elastic strips of the first switch section and the elastic strips of the second switch section are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper bows, the highest point of the elastic strips of the first switch section is fastened through bolts of the first switch section, the lowest point of the outer side end of the elastic strips of the first switch section is matched with the fixing grooves of the embedded iron bases of the first switch section, the width of the working edge of the elastic strips of the first switch section is larger than the length from the fixing grooves of the embedded iron bases of the first switch section to the inner side end of the embedded iron bases of the first switch section, the edge opposite to the edge of the elastic strips of the first switch section, which is contacted with the embedded iron bases of the first switch section, is arranged above the spacer gauge block of the first switch section, and the elastic strips of the second switch section and the second switch section are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper bows, the highest point of the elastic strip of the second switch section is fastened through a bolt of the second switch section, the lowest point of the outer side end of the elastic strip of the second switch section is matched with a fixed groove of a pre-buried iron seat of the second switch section, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the elastic strip of the second switch section is larger than the length from the fixed groove of the pre-buried iron seat of the second switch section to the inner side edge of the pre-buried iron seat of the second switch section, and the opposite edge of the elastic strip of the second switch section, which is contacted with the pre-buried iron seat of the second switch section, is arranged above a cushion layer gauge block of the second switch section;

the switch section pad layer comprises a switch section plate lower rubber mat, a switch section iron pad layer, a switch section rail lower pad layer, a first switch section pad layer elastic strip and a first switch section pad layer bolt, the switch section plate lower rubber mat is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper between a first switch section pre-embedded iron base and a second switch section pre-embedded iron base, the switch section iron pad layer is arranged on the upper surface of the switch section plate lower rubber mat, the switch section rail lower pad layer is arranged on one side of the central line of the upper surface of the switch section iron pad layer, the first switch section pad layer gauge block and the second switch section pad layer gauge block are respectively arranged on two opposite side positions of the switch section iron pad layer, the switch section iron pad layer is provided with a block-shaped central line or a plate-shaped fixing structure with a radial fixing groove on one side away from the switch section rail lower pad layer position, the direction is vertical to the axial direction, and the switch section iron pad layer is provided with a vertical bulge on one side close to the central line, the straight stock rail is arranged between the fixed structure and the vertical bulge, the first switch section base plate elastic strip is of an upper-arched elastic structure, the highest point of the first switch section base plate elastic strip is fastened through a first switch section base plate bolt, the lowest point of the outer side end of the first switch section base plate elastic strip is matched with the fixed groove of the fixed structure on the same side, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the first switch section base plate elastic strip is larger than the length from the fixed groove on the upper surface of the fixed structure on the same side to the inner side end of the fixed structure, and the opposite edges of the first switch section base plate elastic strip, which are contacted with the fixed structure on the same side, are arranged above the first switch section gauge block;

the switch point cushion layer of the switch point section comprises a switch point base plate, a switch point pressing tongue and a switch point elastic clamp, wherein the switch point pressing tongue is arranged on one side of the switch point base plate, the switch point elastic clamp is arranged below the switch point base plate, one side of the elastic clamp close to a central line and a switch point pressing tongue functional area are arranged above a straight basic rail on the inner side of a vertical protrusion, and a curved switch point is arranged above the switch point base plate.

The movable section of the switch rail adopts the elastic clamp to press the stock rail, so that the consistent buckling pressure of the inner side and the outer side of the stock rail can be realized, the stock rail is prevented from turning outwards, meanwhile, the occurrence of rigid contact can be avoided, and the occurrence rate of damage of the slide plate is reduced.

The invention relates to a high-stability single-opening turnout, which is characterized in that a frog rail guard fastener system comprises a frog rail guard pre-embedded group, a frog rail guard rail cushion layer, a first frog rail guard rail cushion gauge block, a second frog rail guard rail cushion gauge block and a first frog rail guard rail gauge block, wherein the frog rail guard pre-embedded group is relatively pre-embedded on the upper surfaces of two sides of a sleeper, the frog rail guard rail cushion layer is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper between the frog rail guard pre-embedded groups and is elastically connected with the second frog rail guard rail cushion gauge block through the first frog rail guard rail cushion gauge block, the straight basic rail is elastically arranged on the upper surface of the frog rail guard rail cushion layer through a vertical bulge on the upper surfaces of the first frog rail guard rail gauge block and the frog rail guard rail cushion layer, and the frog rail guard rail cushion layer is arranged above a rail guard rail cushion layer on one side of the straight basic rail, the upper surface of the rail protection cushion layer of the rail protection section of the frog is provided with a rail, and the width of the gauge block of the rail protection section of the first frog is more than 14 mm;

the rail protection bedplate adopts the elastic clamp to press the stock rail, realizes the consistency of the buckling pressure of the inner side and the outer side of the stock rail, prevents the stock rail from turning outwards, and can avoid the rigid contact. The length of the guard rail supporting plate is increased to more than 160mm, and the transverse stability of the guard rail is improved. The width of the gauge block on the non-working side of the stock rail is increased to be more than 14mm, and the length of the tongue of the guard rail bedplate is reduced to be less than 18mm, so that the stock rail is convenient to disassemble, assemble and replace.

The frog rail protection section pre-buried group comprises a first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat, a second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat, a first frog rail protection section bolt, a second frog rail protection section bolt, a first frog rail protection section elastic strip and a second frog rail protection section elastic strip, wherein the lower part of the first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat and the lower part of the second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat are relatively pre-buried on the upper surfaces of two sides of a sleeper, the upper parts of the first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat and the second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat are of block or plate structures with radial fixing grooves, the direction of the fixing grooves is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper, the first frog rail protection section elastic strip and the second frog rail protection section elastic strip are of arc elastic structures with upper bows, the first frog rail protection section elastic strip is fastened through the first frog rail protection section bolt, the first outer side rail protection section elastic strip is matched with the lowest point of the first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat, the width of a working edge of a lower edge of a first frog rail protection section elastic strip is greater than the length from a fixing groove of a first frog rail protection section embedded iron seat to the inner side edge of the first frog rail protection section embedded iron seat, the opposite edge of the first frog rail protection section elastic strip and the edge of the first frog rail protection section embedded iron seat in contact is arranged above a first frog rail protection section cushion gauge block, a second frog rail protection section elastic strip and a second frog rail protection section elastic strip are of an arc elastic structure of an upper bow, the highest point of the second frog rail protection section elastic strip is fastened through a second frog rail protection section bolt, the lowest point of the outer side end of the second frog rail protection section elastic strip is matched with the fixing groove of the second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat, the width of the working edge of the lower edge of the second frog rail protection section elastic strip is greater than the length from the fixing groove of the second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat to the inner side edge of the second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat in contact, and the second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat in contact is arranged above the second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat in contact;

the frog rail protection section cushion layer comprises a frog rail protection section plate lower rubber pad, a frog rail protection section iron pad, a frog rail protection section rail lower pad, a first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip and a first frog rail protection section pad bolt, the frog rail protection section plate lower rubber pad is arranged on the upper surface of a sleeper between a first frog rail protection section embedded iron seat and a second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat, the frog rail protection section iron pad is arranged on the upper surface of the frog rail protection section plate lower rubber pad, the frog rail protection section rail lower pad is arranged on one side of the central line of the upper surface of the frog rail protection section iron pad, a first frog rail protection section cushion layer gauge block and a second frog rail protection section cushion layer gauge block are respectively arranged on two opposite side edges of the frog rail protection section iron pad, the frog rail protection section pad is provided with a fixing groove or a plate-shaped fixing structure with a radial fixing groove on one side far from the central line, and the direction is vertical to the axial direction, the bottom working edge width of the first frog rail protection section base plate elastic strip is greater than the length from the fixed groove on the upper surface of the fixed structure to the inner side edge of the fixed structure on the same side, and the opposite edge of the first frog rail protection section base plate elastic strip contacted with the fixed structure on the same side is arranged above the first frog rail protection section gauge block;

the protective rail cushion layer of the frog protective rail section comprises a protective rail base plate, a protective rail pressing tongue, a protective rail support, a protective rail bolt and a protective rail elastic clamp, wherein the protective rail pressing tongue is arranged on one side of the protective rail base plate, the elastic clamp is arranged below the elastic base plate, one end, close to a neutral line, of the protective rail elastic clamp and a protective rail pressing tongue functional area press the lower side end of a straight basic rail on the inner side of the vertical protrusion, the protective rail bolt sequentially penetrates through the protective rail and the protective rail support and is fixed by a nut, the length of the protective rail support is larger than 160mm, and the length of the protective rail pressing tongue is smaller than 18 mm.

According to the high-stability single-opening turnout disclosed by the invention, as a preferred mode, the length of the lateral guard rail is greater than 5000 mm.

The length of the lateral guard rail is increased to more than 5000mm, the attack angle of the buffer section of the guard rail is reduced, the dynamic performance of a vehicle passing through a frog area is improved, and the service life of the guard rail and related components is prolonged.

The guard rail and the backing plate are rigidly restrained, the transverse stability of the guard rail is obviously improved by singly increasing the length of the guard rail supporting plate, and the normal play of the function of the guard rail is better ensured. However, if the length of the lateral guard rail is not increased, the attack angle of the buffer section of the guard rail is larger, and when the wheel impacts the guard rail, the vehicle dynamic performance is greatly influenced due to the fact that the transverse constraint of the guard rail is enhanced. Therefore, the impact effect of the wheels on the guard rails is weakened by increasing the length of the lateral guard rails and reducing the attack angle, and the counter force of the guard rails on the wheels is not too large under the strong constraint provided by the novel guard rail supporting plates.

As an optimal mode, the switch blade length of the curved switch blade is smaller than 12m and larger than 11.4m, the fastener system at the root end of the curved switch blade and the fastener system directly connected with the root end of the switch blade are both fastener systems with independent elastic strips for fastening, and the distance between the second traction point of the curved switch blade and the heel end of the switch blade is smaller than 6.5 m.

After the line shape of the turnout is determined, the shorter the length of the switch rail is, the smaller the support distance of the heel end of the switch rail is, when the length of the switch rail is shorter than a specific value, the space between the heel end of the switch rail and the stock rail is not enough for installing 2 independent elastic strips to buckle and press the steel rail, and a specially designed support distance buckle plate is needed to buckle and press the stock rail and the switch rail; the buckling and pressing by adopting the offset buckle plate mainly has the following defects: due to the existence of the rail bottom slope, the supporting distance buckle plate has an asymmetric structure; the straight and lateral switch rails have different support distance buckle structures and need to be designed independently; in the actual installation process, the support distance buckle is difficult to install and often cannot be installed in place, so that the support distance buckle cannot normally play a role; the standoff clips do not guarantee sufficient clip pressure on the stock rail and the switch rail. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid the need for a standoff clip at the heel of the point as much as possible, thereby requiring sufficient space at the heel of the point. The invention adopts a separated half tangent line type, in order to reduce insufficient displacement, the length of the heel end of the switch rail is reduced to be less than 12m, but in order to avoid the arrangement of a supporting distance buckle plate, the length of the switch rail is controlled to be more than 11.4 m.

On the basis of adopting the half tangent line shape of phase separation, the length of the switch rail is controlled to be more than 11.4m, the supporting distance of the heel end of the switch rail is effectively increased, the buckling mode of the heel end of the switch rail is optimized, the supporting distance buckling plate structure is cancelled, and independent elastic strips are adopted for buckling. The turnout junction structure can reduce the variety of turnout parts, reduce the difficulty of on-site laying, maintenance and repair, and effectively improve the buckling stability and the supporting distance holding capacity of the switch rail heel end.

The length of the switch rail is properly shortened to be less than 12m, the distance from the second traction point to the heel end of the switch rail is shortened to be less than 6.5m, and insufficient displacement can be effectively reduced and eliminated.

Although the elastic clip type slide plate has a series of technical advantages, the main disadvantages are large volume and large occupied space. The 60AT1 steel rail commonly used by the ordinary speed railway can not be used or the 60AT1 steel rail needs to be cut in a large area, and the elastic clamp type slide plate can be successfully applied only by adopting the 60AT2 steel rail, so that the advantages of the elastic clamp type slide plate are exerted.

Insufficient displacement can be effectively reduced and eliminated by shortening the distance between the second traction point and the heel end of the switch rail, but correspondingly, the traction force of the second traction point is greatly increased, the bending rigidity of the switch rail can be reduced by adopting the 60AT2 steel rail, and the excessive increase of the traction force of the second traction point is effectively avoided. On the contrary, if only adopt 60AT2 rail, do not shorten the length of switch rail second traction point apart from the stiff end, will cause not enough displacement to increase than existing switch further, only through shortening the length of second traction point apart from the stiff end, can ensure to exert 60AT2 rail technological advantage when, also realize reducing and eliminating not enough displacement.

Through the adoption of the separated semi-tangent shape, the supporting distance of the rear end of the switch rail can be effectively increased under the condition of the same length of the switch rail, the possibility is provided for shortening the length of the switch rail and reducing the optimization of insufficient displacement, meanwhile, the enough supporting distance of the heel end of the switch rail can be ensured by controlling the length of the switch rail to be more than 11.4m, the buckling and pressing mode of the heel end of the switch rail is optimized on the basis, a supporting distance buckle is cancelled, and the switch rail and a stock rail are buckled and pressed by adopting independent elastic strips. Through the combined action of the technical characteristics, the invention can reduce the insufficient displacement of the switch rail and improve the buckling stability and the supporting distance holding capacity of the heel end of the switch rail.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the service life of the curved switch rail is obviously prolonged;

(2) the stability of the fastener system is greatly improved, and the maintenance workload is greatly reduced;

(3) the contact relation of the wheel and the rail is improved when the vehicle passes through the turnout;

(4) the tipping resistance of the stock rail is improved, and the stock rail does not generate rigid collision contact with the sliding bed bedplate, so that the damage of the sliding bed bedplate is reduced;

(5) the insufficient displacement of the switch rail can be effectively reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high stability single turnout;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high stability single switch fastener system set;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a high stability single switch connection clip system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high-stability single-turnout junction embedded group;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a high-stability single turnout junction segment cushion;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a high stability single turnout switch segment fastener system;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high-stability single-turnout switch segment pre-buried group;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a high stability single turnout switch segment pad;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a high stability single switch point rail pad assembly;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a high stability single switch frog guard rail section fastener system;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a high-stability single-turnout frog guard rail segment embedded group;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a high stability single switch frog rail guard segment pad layer;

figure 13 is a schematic view of a high stability single switch frog guard rail section guard rail pad.

Reference numerals:

1. a sleeper; 2. a fastener system set; 21. a connecting segment fastener system; 211. connecting section pre-embedding groups; 2111. embedding an iron seat in the first connecting section; 2112. embedding an iron seat in the second connecting section; 2113. a first connecting section bolt; 2114. a second connecting section bolt; 2115. a first connecting section spring bar; 2116. a second connecting section elastic strip; 212. a connecting section pad layer; 2121. connecting the lower rubber mat of the section plate; 2122. connecting the section iron backing plates; 2123. connecting the lower tie plate of the section rail; 2124. a first connecting section backing plate elastic strip; 2125. a second connecting section backing plate elastic strip; 2126. a first connecting section backing plate bolt; 2127. a second connecting section backing plate bolt; 213. a first connecting section cushion layer gauge block; 214. a second connecting section cushion layer gauge block; 215. a first connecting section gauge block; 216. a second connecting section gauge block; 22. a switch section fastener system; 221. pre-embedding groups of switch sections; 2211. pre-embedding an iron seat in the first switch section; 2212. embedding an iron seat in the second switch section; 2213. a first diverter segment bolt; 2214. a second switch section bolt; 2215. a first switch section spring bar; 2216. a second switch section spring bar; 222. a switch segment pad layer; 2221. a rubber mat under the switch section plate; 2222. a switch section iron backing plate; 2223. a switch section rail lower backing plate; 2224. a first switch segment tie plate spring bar; 2225. a first switch segment tie plate bolt; 223. a switch section point rail cushion layer; 2231. a point rail pad; 2232. tongue depressing of the switch rail; 2233. a point rail elastic clamp; 224. a first switch segment cushion gauge block; 225. a second switch segment cushion gauge block; 226. a first switch segment gage block; 23. a frog guard rail section fastener system; 231. a rail protecting section pre-embedding group of the frog; 2311. the first frog rail protecting section is embedded with an iron seat; 2312. pre-embedding an iron seat in a second frog rail protecting section; 2313. a first frog guard rail section bolt; 2314. a second frog guard rail section bolt; 2315. a first frog guard rail section spring bar; 2316. a second frog guard rail section spring bar; 232. a frog guard rail section cushion layer; 2321. a rubber pad under the rail protecting section plate of the frog; 2322. a frog guard rail section iron base plate; 2323. a lower rail base plate of a rail protecting section of the frog; 2324. a first frog rail guard section base plate elastic strip; 2325. a first frog rail guard section tie plate bolt; 233. a rail protection cushion layer of a rail protection section of the frog; 2331. a guard rail backing plate; 2332. protecting the rail and pressing the tongue; 2333. a guard rail support; 2334. a guard rail bolt; 2335. a guard rail elastic clamp; 234. a first frog guard rail section cushion layer gauge block; 235. a second frog rail guard segment cushion layer gauge block; 236. a first frog rail guard gauge block; 3. a straight stock rail; 4. a curved stock rail; 5. directly connecting the rails; 6. a curved switch rail; 7. protecting the rail; 8. switch core.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be made clear below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in figure 1, a high-stability single turnout comprises a plurality of sleepers 1, a fastener system group 2, a straight stock rail 3, a curved stock rail 4, a straight connecting rail 5, a curved switch rail 6, a guard rail 7 and a turnout machine core 8, wherein the sleepers 1 are arranged in parallel, the straight stock rail 3, the curved stock rail 4, the straight connecting rail 5, the curved switch rail 6, the guard rail 7 and the turnout machine core 8 are arranged above the sleepers 1 through the fastener system group 2, the straight stock rail 3 and the straight connecting rail 5 are arranged in parallel, the curved stock rail 4 is arranged outside the straight connecting rail 5, the curved switch rail 6 is arranged between the straight stock rail 3 and the straight connecting rail 5, the curved stock rail 4 and the curved switch rail 6 have the same trend direction, the linear shape of the curved switch rail 6 is crossed with the linear shape of the stock rail 3 and the linear shape of the straight connecting rail 5, the linear shape of the curved switch rail 6 is crossed with the linear shape of the connecting rail 5, the turnout machine core 8 is arranged at the crossed position of the linear shape of the curved switch rail 6 and the tail end of the straight connecting rail 5, guard rails 7 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the turnout machine core 8, on the inner sides of the straight stock rails 3 at the positions corresponding to the turnout machine core 8 and on the inner sides of the curved stock rails 4 at the positions corresponding to the turnout machine core 8, the front ends of the straight connecting rails 5 are movably and closely attached to the curved stock rails 4, and the front ends of the curved switch rails 6 are movably and closely attached to the straight stock rails 3; the linear type of the curve switch rail 6 is a separated semi-tangent type, the working surface of the straight stock rail 3 at the position where the straight stock rail 3 is closely attached to the curve switch rail 6 is inwards concave, the working surface of the concave position of the straight stock rail 3 at the position where the straight stock rail 3 is closely attached to the curve switch rail 6 is matched with the working surface of the concave position of the straight stock rail 3 closely attached to the surface, and the fastener system group 2 adopts an elastic fastener and has consistent internal and external fastening pressure on the straight stock rail 3.

As shown in fig. 2, the fastener system set 2 includes a plurality of connecting section fastener systems 21, a plurality of switch section fastener systems 22, and a plurality of frog rail guard section fastener systems 23, the connecting section fastener systems 21 are used to connect tie 1 and straight stock rail 3 connecting sections, the switch section fastener systems 22 are used to connect tie 1 and straight stock rail 3 switch sections, tie 1 and curved point 6 switch sections, and the frog rail guard section fastener systems 23 are used to connect frog rail guard sections of tie 1 and straight stock rail 3, tie 1 and rail guard 7.

As shown in fig. 3, the connecting section fastener system 21 includes a connecting section pre-buried group 211, a connecting section cushion layer 212, a first connecting section cushion layer gauge block 213, a second connecting section cushion layer gauge block 214, a first connecting section gauge block 215 and a second connecting section gauge block 216, the connecting section pre-buried group 211 is pre-buried on the upper surface of two sides of the sleeper 1 relatively, the connecting section cushion layer 212 is disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 between the connecting section pre-buried groups 211, and is elastically connected by the first connecting section cushion layer gauge block 213 and the second connecting section cushion layer gauge block 214, and the connecting section cushion layer 212 elastically disposes the straight stock rail 3 on the upper surface of the connecting section cushion layer 212 by the first connecting section gauge block 215 and the second connecting section gauge block 216;

as shown in fig. 4, the connection section pre-buried group 211 includes a first connection section pre-buried iron seat 2111, a second connection section pre-buried iron seat 2112, a first connection section bolt 2113, a second connection section bolt 2114, a first connection section elastic strip 2115 and a second connection section elastic strip 2116, and the lower portions of the first connection section pre-buried iron seat 2111 and the second connection section pre-buried iron seat 2112 are pre-buried on the upper surfaces of both sides of the sleeper 1 relatively;

the upper part of the embedded iron seat 2111 of the first connecting section and the upper part of the embedded iron seat 2112 of the second connecting section are of block-shaped or plate-shaped structures with radial fixing grooves, the direction of the fixing grooves is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper 1, the elastic strips 2115 of the first connecting section and the elastic strips 2116 of the second connecting section are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper arches, the highest point of the elastic strip 2115 of the first connecting section is fastened through a bolt 2113 of the first connecting section, the lowest point of the outer side end of the elastic strip 2115 of the first connecting section is matched with the fixing groove of the embedded iron seat 2111 of the first connecting section, the width of the working edge of the elastic strip 2115 of the first connecting section is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the embedded iron seat 2111 of the first connecting section to the inner side end of the embedded iron seat 2111 of the first connecting section, the edge of the elastic strip 2115 of the first connecting section, which is opposite to the edge of the embedded iron seat 2111 of the first connecting section, is arranged above the cushion layer gauge block 213 of the first connecting section, and the elastic strips 2116 of the second connecting section and the second connecting section 2116 are of arc-shaped elastic structures with the upper arches, the highest point of a second connecting section elastic strip 2116 is fastened through a second connecting section bolt 2114, the lowest point of the outer side end of the second connecting section elastic strip 2116 is matched with a fixing groove of a second connecting section pre-buried iron seat 2112, the width of a working edge of the second connecting section elastic strip 2116 is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat 2112 to the inner side edge of the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat 2112, and the opposite edge of the second connecting section elastic strip 2116, which is in contact with the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat 2112, is arranged above a second connecting section cushion layer gauge block 214;

as shown in fig. 5, the connecting section pad 212 includes a connecting section plate lower rubber pad 2121, a connecting section iron pad 2122, a connecting section rail lower pad 2123, a first connecting section pad elastic strip 2124, a second connecting section pad elastic strip 2125, a first connecting section pad bolt 2126 and a second connecting section pad bolt 2127, the connecting section plate lower rubber pad 2121 is disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 between the first connecting section pre-embedded iron seat 2111 and the second connecting section pre-embedded iron seat 2112, the connecting section iron pad 2122 is disposed on the upper surface of the connecting section plate lower rubber pad 2121, the connecting section rail lower pad 2123 is disposed in the middle of the upper surface of the connecting section iron pad 2122, the first connecting section pad gauge block 213 and the second connecting section pad gauge block 214 are disposed on opposite sides of the connecting section iron pad 2122, two opposite sides of the connecting section rail lower pad 2123 are respectively disposed with two opposite block or plate fixing structures having radial fixing grooves, the direction of the fixing groove is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper 1, the first connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2124 and the first connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2124 are of an upper-bow arc elastic structure, the highest point of the first connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2124 is fastened through a first connecting section tie plate bolt 2126, the lowest point of the outer side end of the first connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2124 is matched with the fixing groove of the fixing structure at the same side, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the first connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2124 is larger than the length from the fixing groove on the upper surface of the fixing structure at the same side to the inner side of the fixing structure, the opposite edge of the first connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2124 contacted with the fixing structure at the same side is arranged above the first connecting section track gauge block 215, the second connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2125 and the second connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2125 are of an upper-bow arc elastic structure, the second connecting section tie plate elastic strip 2125 is fastened through a second connecting section tie plate bolt 2127, the lowest point of the outer side end of the, the width of the working edge of the lower edge of the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip 2125 is greater than the length from the fixing groove on the upper surface of the fixing structure on the same side to the inner side edge of the fixing structure, and the opposite edge of the second connecting section backing plate elastic strip 2125, which is in contact with the fixing structure on the same side, is arranged above the second connecting section gauge block 216; the upper surface of the connecting section iron backing plate 2122 is a non-horizontal plane.

The curved point 6 rail tip profile and the rail tip profile in the point region directly adjoining the rail 5 have a rail tip slope of 1/40.

As shown in fig. 6, the switch segment fastener system 22 includes a switch segment pre-buried group 221, a switch segment cushion layer 222, a switch segment point cushion layer 223, a first switch segment cushion layer gauge block 224, a second switch segment cushion layer gauge block 225 and a first switch segment gauge block 226, the switch segment pre-buried group 221 is pre-buried on the upper surface of both sides of the sleeper 1, the switch segment cushion layer 222 is disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 between the switch segment pre-buried groups 221, the straight stock rail 3 is elastically disposed on the upper surface of the switch segment cushion layer 222 by the first switch segment cushion layer gauge block 224 and the second switch segment cushion layer gauge block 225 being elastically connected, the switch segment cushion layer 222 elastically disposes the switch segment point cushion layer 223 above the switch segment cushion layer on the side where the straight stock rail 3 is mounted by the first switch segment gauge block 226 and the vertical projection of the upper surface of the switch segment cushion layer 222, the upper surface of the switch section point rail cushion 223 is provided with a curve point rail 6;

as shown in fig. 7, the switch segment pre-buried group 221 includes a first switch segment pre-buried iron seat 2211, a second switch segment pre-buried iron seat 2212, a first switch segment bolt 2213, a second switch segment bolt 2214, a first switch segment elastic strip 2215 and a second switch segment elastic strip 2216, and the lower portions of the first switch segment pre-buried iron seat 2211 and the lower portions of the second switch segment pre-buried iron seat 2212 are pre-buried in the upper surfaces of the two sides of the sleeper 1;

the upper part of the first switch section pre-buried iron seat 2211 and the upper part of the second switch section pre-buried iron seat 2212 are of block-shaped or plate-shaped structures with radial fixing grooves, the direction of the fixing grooves is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper 1, the first switch section elastic strip 2215 and the second switch section elastic strip 2216 are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper arches, the highest point of the first switch section elastic strip 2215 is fastened through a first switch section bolt 2213, the lowest point of the outer side end of the first switch section elastic strip 2215 is matched with the fixing groove of the first switch section pre-buried iron seat 2211, the working edge width of the lower edge of the first switch section elastic strip 2215 is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the first switch section pre-buried iron seat 2211 to the inner side edge of the first switch section pre-buried iron seat 2211, the opposite edge of the first switch section elastic strip 2215 in contact with the first switch section pre-buried iron seat 2211 is arranged above the first switch section track gauge block 224, the second switch section elastic strip 2216 and the arc-shaped elastic strip 2216 of the second switch section are of the switch section elastic strip 2216, the highest point of the second switch section elastic strip 2216 is fastened through a second switch section bolt 2214, the lowest point of the outer side end of the second switch section elastic strip 2216 is matched with a fixing groove of a second switch section pre-buried iron seat 2212, the width of a working edge of the lower side of the second switch section elastic strip 2216 is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the second switch section pre-buried iron seat 2212 to the inner side edge of the second switch section pre-buried iron seat 2212, and the opposite edges of the second switch section elastic strip 2216, which are in contact with the second switch section pre-buried iron seat 2212, are arranged above a second switch section cushion layer gauge block 225;

as shown in fig. 8, the switch section pad layer 222 includes a switch section plate lower rubber pad 2221, a switch section iron pad 2222, a switch section rail lower pad 2223, a first switch section pad elastic bar 2224 and a first switch section pad bolt 2225, the switch section plate lower rubber pad 2221 is disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 between the first switch section pre-embedded iron seat 2211 and the second switch section pre-embedded iron seat 2212, the switch section iron pad 2222 is disposed on the upper surface of the switch section plate lower rubber pad 2221, the switch section rail lower pad 2223 is disposed on the center line side of the upper surface of the switch section iron pad 2222, the first switch section pad gauge block 224 and the second switch section pad gauge block 225 are disposed on the opposite side positions of the switch section iron pad 2222, the switch section iron 2222 has a block-shaped or plate-shaped fixing structure with a radial fixing groove disposed on the side of the switch section rail lower pad 2223 away from the center line side, the direction of the fixing groove is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper 1, one side, close to a central line, of a switch section rail lower backing plate 2223 position, of a switch section rail lower backing plate 2222 is provided with a vertical protrusion, a straight basic rail 3 is arranged between a fixing structure and the vertical protrusion, a first switch section backing plate elastic strip 2224 is of an upper-arch arc elastic structure, the highest point of the first switch section backing plate elastic strip 2224 is fastened through a first switch section backing plate bolt 2225, the lowest point of the outer side end of the first switch section backing plate elastic strip 2224 is matched with the fixing groove of the fixing structure on the same side, the width of the working edge of the first switch section backing plate elastic strip 2224 is larger than the length from the fixing groove on the upper surface of the fixing structure on the same side to the inner side end of the fixing structure on the same side, and the opposite edge of the edge, which the first switch section backing plate elastic strip 2224 is in contact with the fixing structure on the same side, is arranged above a first switch section track distance block 226;

as shown in fig. 9, the switch point pad 223 of the switch machine section includes a point pad plate 2231, a point tongue 2232 and a point resilient clip 2233, the point tongue 2232 is disposed on one side of the point pad plate 2231, the point resilient clip 2233 is disposed below the point pad plate 2231, one side of the resilient clip near the center line and a functional area of the point tongue 2232 are disposed above the straight stock rail 3 inside the vertical protrusion, and the curved point 6 is disposed above the point pad plate 2231.

As shown in fig. 10, the frog rail guard fastener system 23 includes a frog rail guard pre-embedded set 231, a frog rail guard pad 232, a frog rail guard pad 233, a first frog rail guard pad gauge block 234, a second frog rail guard pad gauge block 235 and a first frog rail guard pad gauge block 236, the frog rail guard pre-embedded set 231 is pre-embedded on the upper surface of two sides of the sleeper 1 relatively, the frog rail guard pad 232 is disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 between the frog rail guard pre-embedded sets 231, the straight stock rail 3 is elastically disposed on the upper surface of the frog rail guard pad 232 by the first frog rail guard pad gauge block 234 and the second frog rail guard pad gauge block 235, the frog rail guard pad 232 is disposed on the upper surface of the frog rail guard pad 232 by the vertical protrusion of the first frog rail guard pad gauge block 236 and the upper surface of the frog rail guard pad 232, and the switch rail guard pad 233 is disposed on the upper side of the frog rail guard pad 232 where the straight stock rail guard pad 3 is mounted, the upper surface of the frog rail protection section rail protection cushion layer 233 is provided with a rail protection 7, and the width of the first frog rail protection section gauge block 236 is larger than 14 mm;

as shown in fig. 11, the frog rail protection segment pre-buried group 231 includes a first frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2311, a second frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2312, a first frog rail protection segment bolt 2313, a second frog rail protection segment bolt 2314, a first frog rail protection segment elastic strip 2315 and a second frog rail protection segment elastic strip 2316, wherein the lower portion of the first frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2311 and the lower portion of the second frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2312 are pre-buried on the upper surfaces of two sides of the sleeper 1, the upper portion of the first frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2311 and the upper portion of the second frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2312 are of a block or plate structure with a radial fixing groove, the fixing groove direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sleeper 1, the first frog rail protection segment elastic strip 2315 and the second frog rail protection segment elastic strip 2316 are of an arc elastic structure with an upper bow, the first frog rail protection segment elastic strip is fastened to the highest point of the first frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2311, the first frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2315 is matched with the highest point of the first frog rail protection segment pre-buried iron seat 2311, the width of the working edge of the first frog rail guard section elastic strip 2315 is greater than the length from the fixing groove of the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2311 to the inner side edge of the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2311, the opposite edge of the first frog rail guard section elastic strip 2315 and the edge of the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2311 in contact is arranged above the first frog rail guard section cushion gauge block 234, the second frog rail guard section elastic strip 2316 and the second frog rail guard section elastic strip 2316 are of an upper-bow arc elastic structure, the highest point of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip 2316 is fastened through a second frog rail guard section bolt 2314, the lowest point of the outer side edge of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip 2316 is matched with the fixing groove of the second frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2312, the width of the working edge of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip 2316 is greater than the length from the lower edge of the second frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2312 in contact with the second frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2312, and the length of the second frog rail guard section embedded iron seat 2312 in contact with the second frog rail guard section embedded iron seat Above the second frog rail guard segment pad gauge block 235;

as shown in fig. 12, the frog rail protection segment pad 232 includes a frog rail protection segment plate lower rubber pad 2321, a frog rail protection segment iron pad 2322, a frog rail protection segment lower pad 2323, a first frog rail protection segment pad elastic strip 2324 and a first frog rail protection segment pad bolt 2325, the frog rail protection segment plate lower rubber pad 2321 is disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper 1 between the first frog rail protection segment embedded iron seat 2311 and the second frog rail protection segment embedded iron seat 2312, the frog rail protection segment iron pad 2322 is disposed on the upper surface of the frog rail protection segment plate lower rubber pad 2321, the frog rail protection segment lower pad 2323 is disposed on one side of the center line of the upper surface of the frog rail protection segment pad 2322, the first frog rail protection segment pad gage block 234 and the second frog rail protection pad block 235 are disposed on one side of the frog rail protection segment pad 2322 opposite to the side of the frog rail protection segment pad 2322, and the frog rail protection segment pad 2322 is disposed on the other side of the frog rail protection segment pad 2323 with a radial direction away from the center line of the frog rail protection block structure of the frog rail protection segment pad 2323, the direction of the fixing groove is axially vertical to a sleeper 1, a vertical protrusion is arranged on one side, close to a central line, of a position, where a frog rail protection section rail lower pad 2323 is arranged, of a frog rail protection section rail pad 2322, a straight basic rail 3 is arranged between a fixing structure and the vertical protrusion, a first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip 2324 is of an arc-shaped elastic structure with an upper arch, the highest point of the first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip 2324 is fastened through a first frog rail protection section pad bolt 2325, the lowest point of the outer side end of the first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip 2324 is matched with the fixing groove of the fixing structure on the same side, the width of the working edge of the first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip 2324 is larger than the length from the fixing groove on the upper surface of the fixing structure on the same side to the inner side of the fixing structure on the same side, and the opposite edge of the edge, which is contacted with the fixing structure, of the first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip 2324, is arranged above a first frog rail protection section gauge block 236;

as shown in fig. 13, the frog rail protection segment rail protection pad layer 233 comprises a rail protection pad plate 2331, a rail protection pressing tongue 2332, a rail protection rail brace 2333, a rail protection bolt 2334 and a rail protection elastic clamp 2335, wherein the rail protection pressing tongue 2332 is arranged on one side of the rail protection pad plate 2331, the elastic clamp is arranged below the elastic pad plate, one end of the rail protection elastic clamp 2335 close to the central line and a functional area of the rail protection pressing tongue 2332 press the lower side end of the straight basic rail 3 at the inner side of the vertical projection, the rail protection bolt 2334 sequentially penetrates through the rail protection 7 and the rail protection rail brace 2333 and is fixed by a nut, the length of the rail protection rail brace 2333 is greater than 160mm, and the length of the rail protection pressing tongue 2332 is less than 18 mm.

The length of the lateral guard rail 7 is greater than 5000 mm.

The switch rail length of the curve switch rail 6 is less than 12m and more than 11.4m, the fastener system at the root end of the curve switch rail 6 and the fastener system at the root end of the direct connecting rail 5 are both independent elastic strip fastening fastener systems, and the distance from the second traction point of the curve switch rail 6 to the switch rail heel end is less than 6.5 m.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a high stability singly opens switch which characterized in that: comprises a plurality of sleepers (1), a fastener system group (2), a straight stock rail (3), a curved stock rail (4), a direct connection rail (5), a curved switch rail (6), a guard rail (7) and a turnout machine core (8), wherein the sleepers (1) are arranged in parallel, the straight stock rail (3), the curved stock rail (4), the direct connection rail (5), the curved switch rail (6), the guard rail (7) and the turnout machine core (8) are arranged above the sleepers (1) through the fastener system group (2), the straight stock rail (3) and the direct connection rail (5) are arranged in parallel, the curved stock rail (4) is arranged outside the direct connection rail (5), the curved switch rail (6) is arranged between the straight stock rail (3) and the connection rail (5), the curved stock rail (4) and the curved switch rail (6) have the same trend direction, the linear type of the curved switch rail (6) is crossed with the linear type of the straight stock rail (3) and the linear type of the straight connecting rail (5), the linear crossing position of the curved switch rail (6) and the linear crossing position of the straight connecting rail (5) is provided with the turnout machine core (8), the turnout machine core (8) is connected with the tail end of the curved switch rail (6) and the tail end of the straight connecting rail (5), the inner sides of the straight stock rail (3) at the positions corresponding to the turnout machine core (8) and the inner side of the curved stock rail (4) at the positions corresponding to the turnout machine core (8) are respectively provided with a guard rail (7), the front end of the straight connecting rail (5) is movably and closely attached to the curved stock rail (4), and the front end of the curved switch rail (6) is movably and closely attached to the straight stock rail (3); the linear type of the curve switch rail (6) is a separated semi-tangent type, the straight switch rail (3) and the curve switch rail (6) are closely attached to the position that the working surface of the straight switch rail (3) is inwards sunken, the straight switch rail (3) and the curve switch rail (6) are closely attached to the position that the working surface of the curve switch rail (6) is matched with the sunken position of the straight switch rail (3) close attachment surface, and the fastener system group (2) adopts elastic buckles and is right the internal and external buckling pressures of the straight switch rail (3) are consistent.

2. A high stability single switch according to claim 1, wherein: the fastener system set (2) comprises a plurality of connection section fastener systems (21), a plurality of switch section fastener systems (22) and a plurality of frog rail protection section fastener systems (23), the connection section fastener systems (21) are used for connecting the sleeper (1) and the straight stock rail (3) connection sections, the switch section fastener systems (22) are used for connecting the sleeper (1) and the straight stock rail (3) switch sections, the sleeper (1) and the curved point rail (6) switch sections, the frog rail protection section fastener systems (23) are used for connecting the sleeper (1) and the fork rail protection sections of the straight stock rail (3), the sleeper (1) and the frog rail protection sections of the guard rail (7).

3. A high stability single switch according to claim 2, wherein: the connecting section fastener system (21) comprises a connecting section embedded group (211), a connecting section cushion layer (212), a first connecting section cushion layer track gauge block (213), a second connecting section cushion layer track gauge block (214), a first connecting section track gauge block (215) and a second connecting section track gauge block (216), the connecting section embedded group (211) is embedded in the upper surfaces of the two sides of the sleeper (1) relatively, the connecting section cushion layer (212) is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper (1) between the connecting section embedded groups (211), elastically connected by the first connecting section pad layer gauge block (213) and the second connecting section pad layer gauge block (214), the connecting section pad layer (212) elastically arranges the straight stock rail (3) on the upper surface of the connecting section pad layer (212) through the first connecting section gauge block (215) and the second connecting section gauge block (216);

the connecting section pre-buried group (211) comprises a first connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2111), a second connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2112), a first connecting section bolt (2113), a second connecting section bolt (2114), a first connecting section elastic strip (2115) and a second connecting section elastic strip (2116), and the lower parts of the first connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2111) and the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2112) are pre-buried on the upper surfaces of the two sides of the sleeper (1) relatively;

the embedded iron seat of the first connecting section (2111) and the embedded iron seat of the second connecting section (2112) are of block-shaped or plate-shaped structures with radial fixing grooves, the fixing groove direction is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper (1), the elastic strips of the first connecting section (2115) and the second connecting section (2116) are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper bows, the highest point of the elastic strip of the first connecting section (2115) is fastened through a first connecting section bolt (2113), the lowest point of the outer side end of the elastic strip of the first connecting section (2115) is matched with the fixing groove of the embedded iron seat of the first connecting section (2111), the width of the working edge of the elastic strip of the first connecting section (2115) is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the embedded iron seat of the first connecting section (2111) to the inner side end of the embedded iron seat of the first connecting section (2111), and the cushion layer of the elastic strip of the first connecting section (2115) and the embedded iron seat of the first connecting section (2111) are arranged on the opposite side of the embedded iron seat of the first connecting section Above the distance block (213), the second connecting section elastic strip (2116) and the second connecting section elastic strip (2116) are of an arc-shaped elastic structure which is arched upwards, the highest point of the second connecting section elastic strip (2116) is fastened through a second connecting section bolt (2114), the lowest point of the outer side end of the second connecting section elastic strip (2116) is matched with the fixing groove of the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2112), the width of the working edge of the lower side of the second connecting section elastic strip (2116) is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2112) to the inner side end of the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2112), and the opposite edge of the second connecting section elastic strip (2116) contacted with the second connecting section pre-buried iron seat (2112) is arranged above the second connecting section cushion layer track distance block (214);

the connecting section pad layer (212) comprises a connecting section plate lower rubber mat (2121), a connecting section iron pad plate (2122), a connecting section rail lower pad plate (2123), a first connecting section pad plate elastic strip (2124), a second connecting section pad plate elastic strip (2125), a first connecting section pad plate bolt (2126) and a second connecting section pad plate bolt (2127), wherein the connecting section plate lower rubber mat (2121) is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper (1) between the first connecting section pre-embedded iron seat (2111) and the second connecting section pre-embedded iron seat (2112), the connecting section iron pad plate (2122) is arranged on the upper surface of the connecting section plate lower rubber mat (2121), the connecting section rail lower pad plate (2123) is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the connecting section iron pad plate (2122), the first connecting section pad layer gauge block (213) and the second connecting section pad layer gauge block (214) are respectively arranged at the positions of two opposite side edges of the connecting section iron pad plate (2122), the connecting section iron backing plate (2122) is provided with two opposite block-shaped or plate-shaped fixing structures with radial fixing grooves on two sides of the position of a connecting section rail lower backing plate (2123), the fixing groove direction is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper (1), a first connecting section backing plate elastic strip (2124) and a first connecting section backing plate elastic strip (2124) are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper bows, the highest point of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip (2124) is fastened through a first connecting section backing plate bolt (2126), the lowest point of the outer side end of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip (2124) is matched with the fixing structure at the same side of the fixing structure, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip (2124) is larger than the length of the fixing structure upper surface at the same side to the inner side of the fixing structure, and the opposite edges of the first connecting section backing plate elastic strip (2124) and the fixing structure at the same side are arranged at the distance between the first connecting section rail and the rail Above the block (215), the second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip (2125) and the second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip (2125) are of an upper-bow arc elastic structure, the highest point of the second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip (2125) is fastened through a second connecting section cushion plate bolt (2127), the lowest point of the outer side end of the second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip (2125) is matched with the fixing groove of the fixing structure on the same side, the width of the working edge of the lower side of the second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip (2125) is greater than the length from the fixing groove on the upper surface of the fixing structure on the same side to the inner side of the fixing structure, and the opposite edge of the second connecting section cushion plate elastic strip (2125) contacted with the fixing structure on the same side is arranged above the second connecting section rail distance block (216); the upper surface of the connecting section iron base plate (2122) is a non-horizontal plane.

4. A high stability single switch according to claim 1, wherein: the curved switch rail (6) and the straight connecting rail (5) have a rail top profile with 1/40 rail top slopes.

5. A high stability single switch according to claim 1, wherein: the switch segment fastener system (22) comprising a switch segment pre-buried group (221), a switch segment cushion layer (222), a switch segment point rail cushion layer (223), a first switch segment cushion layer gauge block (224), a second switch segment cushion layer gauge block (225) and a first switch segment gauge block (226), the switch segment pre-buried group (221) being relatively pre-buried on both side upper surfaces of the sleeper (1), the switch segment cushion layer (222) being disposed on the upper surface of the sleeper (1) between the switch segment pre-buried groups (221), the straight stock rail (3) being elastically disposed on the upper surface of the switch segment cushion layer (222) by the first switch segment cushion layer gauge block (224) and the second switch segment cushion layer gauge block (225) being elastically connected by vertical protrusions of the first switch segment gauge block (226) and the upper surface of the switch segment cushion layer (222), the switch segment pad (222) is elastically arranged above the switch pad on the side where the straight stock rail (3) is installed, the switch segment point pad (223) is arranged, and the curved point rail (6) is arranged on the upper surface of the switch segment point pad (223); the switch section pre-buried group (221) comprises a first switch section pre-buried iron seat (2211), a second switch section pre-buried iron seat (2212), a first switch section bolt (2213), a second switch section bolt (2214), a first switch section elastic strip (2215) and a second switch section elastic strip (2216), and the lower parts of the first switch section pre-buried iron seat (2211) and the second switch section pre-buried iron seat (2212) are relatively pre-buried on the upper surfaces of the two sides of the sleeper (1);

the upper parts of the first switch section embedded iron seat (2211) and the second switch section embedded iron seat (2212) are of block-shaped or plate-shaped structures with radial fixing grooves, the fixing groove direction is axially vertical to the sleeper (1), the first switch section elastic strip (2215) and the second switch section elastic strip (2216) are of arc-shaped elastic structures with upper bows, the highest point of the first switch section elastic strip (2215) is fastened through a first switch section bolt (2213), the lowest point of the outer side end of the first switch section elastic strip (2215) is matched with the fixing groove of the first switch section embedded iron seat (2211), the width of the lower working edge of the first switch section elastic strip (2215) is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the first switch section embedded iron seat (2211) to the inner side edge of the first switch section embedded iron seat (2211), and the first switch section elastic strip (2215) is in contact with the switch section embedded iron seat (2211) at the opposite edge Disposed above the first switch segment pad gage block (224), the second switch segment gib (2216) and the second switch segment gib (2216) being of upwardly bowed arcuate resilient construction, the highest point of the second switch segment spring bar (2216) is fastened by a second switch segment bolt (2214), the lowest point of the outer side end of the second switch section elastic strip (2216) is matched with the fixing groove of the second switch section pre-buried iron seat (2212), the width of the working edge of the lower side of the second switch section elastic strip (2216) is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the second switch section pre-buried iron seat (2212) to the inner side edge of the second switch section pre-buried iron seat (2212), the opposite side of the second switch segment spring bar (2216) in contact with the second switch segment pre-buried iron seat (2212) is disposed above the second switch segment cushion gauge block (225);

the switch section pad layer (222) comprises a switch section plate lower rubber mat (2221), a switch section iron pad plate (2222), a switch section rail lower pad plate (2223), a first switch section pad plate spring strip (2224) and a first switch section pad plate bolt (2225), the switch section plate lower rubber mat (2221) is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper (1) between the first switch section pre-embedded iron base (2211) and the second switch section pre-embedded iron base (2212), the switch section iron pad plate (2222) is arranged on the upper surface of the switch section plate lower rubber mat (2221), the switch section rail lower pad plate (2223) is arranged on one side of the center line of the upper surface of the switch section iron pad plate (2222), the first switch section pad layer gauge block (224) and the second switch section pad layer gauge block (225) are respectively arranged at the positions of two opposite side edges of the switch section iron pad plate (2222), the switch section iron base plate (2222) is provided with a block-shaped or plate-shaped fixing structure with a radial fixing groove at one side, away from the center line, of the position of the switch section rail lower base plate (2223), the direction of the fixing groove is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper (1), the switch section iron base plate (2222) is provided with a vertical bulge at one side, close to the center line, of the position of the switch section rail lower base plate (2223), the straight basic rail (3) is arranged between the fixing structure and the vertical bulge, the first switch section base plate elastic strip (2224) is of an arc-shaped elastic structure with an upper bow, the highest point of the first switch section base plate elastic strip (2224) is fastened through a first switch section base plate bolt (2225), the lowest point of the outer side of the first switch section base plate elastic strip (2224) is matched with the fixing groove of the fixing structure at the same side, and the width of the lower working edge of the first switch section base plate elastic strip (2224) is larger than that of the fixing structure at the same side A length of the fixing groove of the upper surface to an inside edge of the fixing structure, an opposite edge of an edge of the first switch segment tie plate spring bar (2224) contacting the fixing structure on the same side being disposed above the first switch segment gauge block (226);

the switch point pad layer (223) of the switch machine section comprises a point rail base plate (2231), a point rail press tongue (2232) and a point rail elastic clip (2233), wherein the point rail press tongue (2232) is arranged on one side of the point rail base plate (2231), the point rail elastic clip (2233) is arranged below the point rail base plate (2231), the elastic clip is close to one side of the center line and a functional area of the point rail press tongue (2232) is arranged above the straight stock rail (3) on the inner side of the vertical protrusion, and the curved point rail (6) is arranged above the point rail base plate (2231).

6. A high stability single switch according to claim 2, wherein:

the frog rail protection section fastener system (23) comprises frog rail protection section embedded groups (231), frog rail protection section cushion layers (232), frog rail protection section cushion layers (233), a first frog rail protection section cushion layer gauge block (234), a second frog rail protection section cushion layer gauge block (235) and a first frog rail protection section gauge block (236), wherein the frog rail protection section embedded groups (231) are embedded in the upper surfaces of two sides of the sleeper (1) relatively, the frog rail protection section cushion layers (232) are arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper (1) between the frog rail protection section embedded groups (231), the frog rail protection section cushion layers (232) are elastically connected through the first frog rail protection section cushion gauge block (234) and the second frog rail protection section cushion layer gauge block (235), and the frog rail protection section cushion layers (232) are arranged on the upper surface of the frog rail protection section (3) through vertical protrusions of the frog rail protection section gauge block (236) and the frog rail protection section cushion layer (232) ) An upper surface, the frog rail guard segment pad layer (233) being resiliently disposed above the switch pad layer on the side of the straight stock rail (3) on which the frog rail guard segment pad layer (232) is mounted, the guard rail (7) being disposed on the upper surface of the frog rail guard segment pad layer (233), the first frog rail guard segment gauge block (236) having a width greater than 14 mm;

the frog rail protection section pre-buried group (231) comprises a first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2311), a second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2312), a first frog rail protection section bolt (2313), a second frog rail protection section bolt (2314), a first frog rail protection section elastic strip (2315) and a second frog rail protection section elastic strip (2316), wherein the lower parts of the first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2311) and the second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2312) are pre-buried on the upper surfaces of two sides of the sleeper (1) relatively, the upper parts of the first frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2311) and the second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2312) are of block or plate structures with radial fixing grooves, the direction of the fixing grooves is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper (1), and the elastic structures of the first frog rail protection section elastic strip (2315) and the second frog rail protection section pre-buried iron seat (2316) are of elastic bow structures, the highest point of the first frog rail guard section elastic strip (2315) is fastened through a first frog rail guard section bolt (2313), the lowest point of the outer side end of the first frog rail guard section elastic strip (2315) is matched with the fixing groove of the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat (2311), the width of the lower working edge of the first frog rail guard section elastic strip (2315) is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat (2311) to the inner side edge of the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat (2311), the edge opposite to the edge where the first frog rail guard section elastic strip (2315) is in contact with the first frog rail guard section embedded iron seat (2311) is arranged above the first frog rail guard section backing gauge block (234), the highest point of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip (2316) and the second frog rail guard section elastic strip (2316) are in an arc-shaped frog rail guard section fastening structure, and the second frog rail guard section elastic strip (2314) is fastened through a second frog rail guard section bolt (2314), the lowest point of the outer side end of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip (2316) is matched with the fixing groove of the second frog rail guard section pre-buried iron seat (2312), the width of the lower working edge of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip (2316) is larger than the length from the fixing groove of the second frog rail guard section pre-buried iron seat (2312) to the inner side end of the second frog rail guard section pre-buried iron seat (2312), and the opposite edges of the edge of the second frog rail guard section elastic strip (2316) contacted with the second frog rail guard section pre-buried iron seat (2312) are arranged above the second frog rail guard section cushion gauge block (235);

the frog rail protection section cushion layer (232) comprises a frog rail protection section plate lower rubber pad (2321), a frog rail protection section iron cushion plate (2322), a frog rail protection section rail lower cushion plate (2323), a first frog rail protection section cushion plate elastic strip (2324) and a first frog rail protection section cushion plate bolt (2325), the frog rail protection section plate lower rubber pad (2321) is arranged on the upper surface of the sleeper (1) between the first frog rail protection section embedded iron seat (2311) and the second frog rail protection section embedded iron seat (2312), the frog rail protection section iron cushion plate (2322) is arranged on the upper surface of the frog rail protection section plate lower rubber pad (2321), the frog rail protection section rail lower cushion plate (2323) is arranged on the central line side of the upper surface of the frog rail protection section iron cushion plate (2322), the first frog rail protection section cushion layer gauge block (234) and the second frog rail protection section cushion block (2322) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the frog rail protection section rail protection block (2322), the frog rail protection section iron base plate (2322) is provided with a block-shaped or plate-shaped fixing structure with a radial fixing groove at one side, away from the central line, of the position of the frog rail protection section lower base plate (2323), the direction of the fixing groove is vertical to the axial direction of the sleeper (1), the frog rail protection section iron base plate (2322) is provided with a vertical protrusion at one side, close to the central line, of the position of the frog rail protection section rail lower base plate (2323), the straight basic rail (3) is arranged between the fixing structure and the vertical protrusion, the first frog rail protection section base plate elastic strip (2324) is an arc-shaped elastic structure with an upper arch, the first frog rail protection section highest point base plate elastic strip (2324) is fastened through a first frog rail protection section base plate bolt (2325), the lowest point of the outer side end of the first frog rail protection section base plate elastic strip (2324) is matched with the fixing structure at the same side of the fixing groove, the width of the working edge of the lower edge of the first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip (2324) is greater than the length from the fixing groove on the upper surface of the fixing structure on the same side to the inner side edge of the fixing structure, and the opposite edge of the first frog rail protection section pad elastic strip (2324) contacted with the fixing structure on the same side is arranged above the first frog rail protection section gauge block (236);

the frog rail protection segment rail protection cushion layer (233) comprises a rail protection cushion plate (2331), a rail protection pressing tongue (2332), a rail protection rail brace (2333), a rail protection bolt (2334) and a rail protection elastic clamp (2335), wherein the rail protection pressing tongue (2332) is arranged on one side of the rail protection cushion plate (2331), the elastic clamp is arranged below the elastic cushion plate, one end, close to the center line, of the rail protection elastic clamp (2335) and a functional area of the rail protection pressing tongue (2332) press the lower side end of the straight basic rail (3) on the inner side of the vertical protrusion, the rail protection bolt (2334) sequentially penetrates through the rail protection (7) and the rail protection rail brace (2333) and is fixed by a nut, the length of the rail protection brace (2333) is greater than 160mm, and the length of the rail protection pressing tongue (2332) is less than 18 mm.

7. A high stability single switch according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the lateral guard rail (7) is larger than 5000 mm.

8. A high stability single switch according to claim 1, wherein: the switch blade section length of curve switch blade (6) is less than 12m and is greater than 11.4m, the fastener system of curve switch blade (6) root end with directly connect the fastener system of rail (5) root end and be the fastener system of independent bullet strip withholding, the distance of the second traction point distance switch blade heel end of curve switch blade (6) is less than 6.5 m.