CN113271893A - 髋臼整形外科假体和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于髋关节成形术的整形外科部件、假体和方法。髋臼假体部件(22)包括外边沿(82)和由内壁(112)限定的腔体(16)。该腔体被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头(14)。该内壁包括从该外边沿向内延伸到内端(116)的弯曲表面(114)和连接到该弯曲表面的该内端的半球形表面(118)。该内壁被成形为抵抗该股骨头部件从该腔体位错并且允许该股骨头部件在运动范围内进行关节运动。
Description
技术领域
本公开整体涉及整形外科假体部件,并且更具体地涉及髋臼假体部件。
背景技术
关节成形术是一种熟知的外科手术,可通过关节成形术来用假体关节置换患病和/或损坏的自然关节。例如,在髋关节成形术外科手术中,患者的自然髋关节球窝接合部由假体髋关节接合部部分地或完全地替换。典型的假体髋关节接合部包括髋臼假体部件和股骨头假体部件。髋臼假体部件通常包括外部壳体和内承载件或内插入件,该外部壳体被构造成接合患者的髋臼,该内承载件或内插入件联接到该壳体并且被构造成接合股骨头。股骨头假体部件和髋臼部件的内插入件形成接近自然髋关节的球窝接合部。
发明内容
根据本公开的一个方面,公开了用于髋关节成形术外科手术中的整形外科假体。整形外科假体包括髋臼假体部件,该髋臼假体部件具有被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头的腔体。腔体由被成形为抵抗股骨假体部件的股骨头位错的内壁限定。在一些实施方案中,髋臼假体部件的内壁可包括从该髋臼假体部件的外边沿向内延伸到内端的柱形表面和连接到该柱形表面的该内端的半球形表面。在一些实施方案中,腔体可被定尺寸,使得当股骨假体部件被接纳在该腔体中时,该股骨假体部件的几何中心定位在髋臼假体部件的外边沿的侧向。
根据另一个方面,公开了一种整形外科假体构件。整形外科假体部件包括髋臼假体部件,该髋臼假体部件包括外边沿、从该外边沿向内延伸的内壁和由该内壁限定的腔体。腔体被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头。内壁包括从外边沿向内延伸到内端的柱形表面和连接到该柱形表面的该内端的半球形表面。当以横截面观察髋臼假体部件时,柱形表面在该髋臼假体部件的下侧上从外边沿向内端延伸第一距离,并且该柱形表面在该髋臼假体部件的上侧上从该外边沿向该内端延伸第二距离。第二距离小于第一距离。
在一些实施方案中,外边沿可包括下边沿区段和相对于该下边沿区段以非正交角度延伸的上边沿区段。在一些实施方案中,非正交角度可等于约15度。
在一些实施方案中,下边沿区段可定位在假想平面中,并且髋臼假体部件的上侧上的柱形表面的内端可定位在该假想平面的侧向,使得半球形表面的一部分延伸穿过该假想平面。半球形表面的该部分可限定抵抗股骨头部件从腔体内位错的杯状区域。
在一些实施方案中,髋臼假体部件可包括定位成与内壁相对的外壁。外壁可包括定位在假想平面的侧向的侧向边缘。
在一些实施方案中,髋臼假体部件可包括正交于下边沿区段延伸的部件轴线,并且半球形表面可包括相对于该部件轴线以非正交角度延伸的中心轴线。另外,在一些实施方案中,非正交角度可等于约15度。
在一些实施方案中,柱形表面可包括与半球形表面的中心轴线重合的第二中心轴线。
另外,在一些实施方案中,整形外科假体部件还可包括假体壳体,该假体壳体包括被成形为定位在患者骨盆的经外科准备的髋臼中的外表面和接纳髋臼假体部件的内腔。
在一些实施方案中,假体壳体可包括与髋臼假体部件的部件轴线重合的第二中心轴线。
根据另一个方面,公开了一种整形外科假体。整形外科假体包括髋臼壳体部件,该髋臼壳体部件具有远侧边沿和从该远侧边沿延伸以限定内腔的凹形弯曲表面。远侧边沿定位在假想平面中。整形外科假体还包括被构造成接纳在内腔中的插入件部件。插入件部件包括外边沿、从该外边沿向内延伸的内壁和由该内壁限定并且被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头的腔体。内壁包括柱形表面和半球形表面,并且该半球形表面延伸穿过假想平面至定位在该假想平面的侧向的上边缘。上边缘可限定被成形为抵抗股骨假体部件的股骨头与插入件部件位错和分离的区域。
在一些实施方案中,髋臼壳体部件可包括正交于假想平面延伸的壳体轴线,并且柱形表面可包括第一中心轴线,并且半球形表面包括重合于该第一中心轴线延伸的第二中心轴线。当以横截面观察整形外科假体时,可在重合的第一中心轴线和第二中心轴线与壳体轴线之间限定非正交角度。在一些实施方案中,非正交角度可等于约15度。
在一些实施方案中,插入件部件的外边沿可包括下边沿区段和相对于该下边沿区段以非正交角度延伸的上边沿区段。另外,在一些实施方案中,插入件部件的下边沿区段可平行于髋臼壳体部件的远侧边沿延伸。
在一些实施方案中,插入件部件可包括定位成与内壁相对的外壁。外壁可包括定位在假想平面的侧向的侧向边缘。
在一些实施方案中,整形外科假体还可包括股骨假体部件,该股骨假体部件包括细长柄和固定到该细长柄的股骨头。另外,在一些实施方案中,股骨头可包括定位在壳体部件的假想平面的侧向的几何中心。
在一些实施方案中,当以横截面观察整形外科假体时,柱形表面在插入件部件的下侧上可从外边沿向内端延伸第一距离,并且该柱形表面在该插入件部件的上侧上可从该外边沿向该内端延伸第二距离。第二距离可小于第一距离。柱形表面可限定具有上侧的孔洞,该孔洞的上侧深度小于其下侧深度。
根据另一个方面,整形外科假体包括股骨假体部件和髋臼壳体部件,该股骨假体部件包括细长柄和固定到该细长柄的股骨头,该髋臼壳体部件具有远侧边沿和从该远侧边沿延伸以限定内腔的凹形弯曲表面。远侧边沿定位在假想平面中。整形外科假体还包括被构造成接纳在内腔中的插入件部件。插入件部件包括外边沿、从该外边沿向内延伸的内壁和由该内壁限定的腔体。腔体被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头。内壁包括从外边沿向内延伸到内端的柱形表面和连接到该柱形表面的该内端的半球形表面。半球形表面延伸穿过假想平面以限定被成形为抵抗股骨头位错的区域,并且该股骨头包括定位在壳体部件的该假想平面的侧向的几何中心。
根据另一个方面,公开了一种方法。该方法包括将插入件部件与髋臼壳体部件的远侧腔体对齐,旋转该插入件部件以将该插入件部件的第一边沿区段定位在该插入件部件的第二边沿区段上方,以及将该插入件部件固定到该髋臼壳体部件。插入件部件的第二边沿区段平行于髋臼壳体部件的远侧边沿延伸。插入件部件包括具有上边缘的半球形内表面,当插入件部件固定到髋臼壳体部件时,该上边缘延伸穿过由该髋臼壳体部件的远侧边沿限定的假想平面。
在一些实施方案中,该方法还可包括推进股骨头部件与插入件部件的半球形内表面接合,以将该股骨头部件安置在该插入件部件中。当股骨头部件被安置在插入件部件中时,股骨头部件的几何中心定位在髋臼壳体部件的假想平面的侧向。
在一些实施方案中,将插入件部件固定到髋臼壳体部件的步骤可包括将被形成在该插入件部件和该髋臼壳体部件中的一者上的肋推进到该插入件部件和该髋臼壳体部件中的另一者的沟槽中。
附图说明
具体实施方式具体是指以下附图,其中:
图1为用于髋关节成形术的整形外科假体的透视图;
图2为整形外科假体的髋臼假体和股骨头部件的分解透视图;
图3为图2的髋臼假体的插入件部件的侧正视图;
图4为沿图2中的线4-4截取的插入件部件的横截面正视图;并且
图5为类似于图4的横截面正视图,其中插入件部件联接到图2的髋臼假体的假体壳体部件。
具体实施方式
虽然本公开的概念易于具有各种修改形式和替代形式,但其具体示例性实施方案已在附图中以举例的方式示出,并且将在本文中进行详细描述。然而应当理解,无意将本公开的概念限制为所公开的特定形式,而是相反,意图在于涵盖所附权利要求限定的本发明的实质和范围内的所有修改型式、等同型式和替代型式。
在整篇说明书中,当提及整形植入物或假体和本文所述的外科器械以及患者的自然解剖结构时,可使用表示解剖学参考的术语,诸如前、后、内、外、上、下等等。这些术语在解剖学研究和矫形外科领域都具有公知的含义。除非另外说明,否则在书面具体实施方式和权利要求中使用的这些解剖参考术语旨在与其熟知的含义一致。
现在参见图1,髋关节整形外科假体组件10包括多个部件,所述多个部件包括被定尺寸成植入患者骨盆的经外科准备的髋臼中的髋臼假体12。组件10还包括接纳在限定于髋臼假体12中的腔体16中的股骨头部件14。假体组件10还包括被构造成固定到股骨头部件14以形成股骨假体部件的股骨柄部件20。如下文更详细地描述,髋臼假体12包括被成形为在假体组件10的运动范围内支撑和稳定股骨头14的插入件部件22。
在例示性实施方案中,股骨柄部件20包括从远侧末端32延伸的细长主体30。柄部件20的尺寸和形状被设定成植入患者股骨的经外科准备的近侧端部中。柄部件20还包括从细长主体30向上地并且立即地延伸到锥形凸耳36的颈部34。锥形凸耳36被定尺寸成定位在限定于股骨头部件14中的远侧孔洞38中。孔洞38由被构造成接合锥形凸耳36以将头部件14固定到柄部件20的锥形内表面40限定。股骨头部件14和股骨柄部件20各自由植入级金属材料形成,诸如钛。
现在参见图2,股骨头部件14的孔洞38限定于远侧表面42中。头部件14还包括连接到远侧表面42并且从该远侧表面延伸的凸形弯曲表面44。在例示性实施方案中,凸形弯曲表面44为被成形为接纳在髋臼假体12的腔体16中的半球形表面。
如上所述,髋臼假体12包括被构造成联接到髋臼假体12的壳体部件50的插入件部件22。插入件部件22例示性地由聚合物材料形成,诸如聚乙烯。壳体部件50由植入级金属材料单独形成,诸如钛。壳体部件50还包括允许骨在植入后生物附连到壳体部件50的外涂层52。应当理解,在其他实施方案中,可省略外涂层。
外壳部件50具有远侧边沿54和从远侧边沿54延伸的外壁56。外壁56包括凸形弯曲外表面和从远侧边沿54延伸到该弯曲外表面的环形外表面60。在例示性实施方案中,凸形弯曲外表面为半球形的并且被成形为匹配患者的经外科准备的髋臼的形状。外涂层52覆盖外表面并且沿循该外表面的几何形状。
内壁62从远侧边沿54向内延伸以在壳体部件50中限定腔体64,该腔体被定尺寸成接纳插入件部件22。内壁62包括定位成与环形外表面60相对的环形内表面66和连接到环形内表面66的凹形弯曲内表面68。从远侧边沿54向内延伸的多个狭槽70限定于内壁62中。狭槽70围绕远侧边沿54的圆周间隔开并且被成形为接纳插入件部件22的对应键72,如下文更详细地描述。
插入件部件22包括被成形为接纳在壳体部件50的腔体64中的主体80。主体80包括外边沿82和从外边沿82延伸的外壁84。外壁84包括凸形弯曲外表面86和从外边沿82延伸到弯曲外表面86的环形外表面88。键72从环形外表面88向外延伸,并且定位成围绕该环形外表面的外圆周。插入件部件22还包括被形成在凸形弯曲外表面86上并且被定尺寸成接纳在对应的环形狭槽92(参见图5)中的环形肋90,该环形狭槽被形成在壳体部件50的凹形弯曲内表面68中。肋90接合壳体部件50以将插入件部件22固定到壳体部件50。应当理解,在其他实施方案中,肋可包括在壳体部件上,并且狭槽可包括在插入件部件上。
现在参见图3,插入件部件22具有当髋臼假体12以适当取向放置在患者的髋臼中时向下定位的侧面100和向上定位的另一个侧面102。外边沿82包括定位在插入件部件22的下侧100上的边沿区段104和连接到边沿区段104并且延伸到插入件部件22的上侧102的另一个边沿区段106。如图3所示,上边沿区段106连接到插入件部件22的外壁84的侧向边缘108。
当插入件部件22联接到壳体部件50时,下边沿区段104平行于壳体部件50的远侧边沿54延伸。上边沿区段106相对于下边沿区段104倾斜,使得在区段104、106之间限定角度α。角度α为大于90度的非正交角度。在例示性实施方案中,角度α等于约15度。应当理解,如本文所用,术语“约”代表基数的±2%或更小的范围。因此,“约15度”可被理解为包括15度的±2%的范围。还应当理解,在其他实施方案中,角度α可在约15度至约30度的范围内。
如上所述,髋臼假体12包括被定尺寸成接纳股骨头部件14的腔体16。腔体16具有由插入件部件22的外边沿82限定的开口110。如图4所示,插入件部件22包括从外边沿82向内延伸以限定腔体16的内壁112。内壁112包括从外边沿82延伸到内端116(在图4中由虚线部分地指示)的弯曲表面114。内壁112还包括连接到弯曲表面114的内端116的半球形表面118。半球形表面118为被成形为匹配股骨头部件14的半球形凸形表面44的凹形弯曲表面。在使用时,股骨头部件14在插入件部件22的半球形表面118上进行关节运动。
如图4所示,下边沿区段104定位在延伸穿过内壁112的假想平面120中。半球形表面118延伸穿过插入件部件22的上侧102上的假想平面120以限定杯状上区域122,该杯状上区域抵抗股骨头部件14从腔体16位错,从而有助于股骨头部件14保持在腔体16中。半球形表面118沿着假想平面120的侧向的线连接到上侧102上的内端116。
在例示性实施方案中,弯曲表面114为柱形表面以限定远侧孔洞。当以横截面观察时,如图4所示,柱形表面114在插入件部件22的下侧100上延伸距离130,并且在插入件部件22的上侧102上延伸距离132。距离132小于距离130,使得远侧孔洞的上侧深度小于该孔洞的下侧深度。柱形表面114具有重合于半球形表面118的中心轴线142延伸的中心轴线140。
现在参见图5,壳体部件50具有中心轴线144。当插入件部件22联接到壳体部件50时,中心轴线144相对于轴线140、142以角度θ延伸。在例示性实施方案中,角度θ等于约15度。应当理解,在其他实施方案中,角度θ可在约15度至约30度的范围内。
壳体部件50的远侧边沿54定位在假想平面150中,该假想平面平行于插入件部件22的下区段104定位在其中的假象平面120延伸。如图5所示,插入件部件22的上侧102延伸穿过假想平面150,使得插入件部件22的该侧面上的外壁84的侧向边缘108定位在假想平面150的侧向。
在例示性实施方案中,股骨头部件14具有几何中心160。如图5所示,腔体16被定尺寸,使得当将股骨头部件14适当地安置在腔体16中时,几何中心160定位在假想平面150的侧向。这样,股骨头部件14的位置被侧向化,以允许股骨部件14、20相对于髋臼假体12进行更大范围的运动。
在使用时,外科医生可外科准备患者的天然髋臼以接纳髋臼假体12。为此,外科医生可利用外科扩孔钻准备患者的骨以接纳假体12。外科医生还可利用一个或多个外科试验部件来确定哪个假体适合患者。例如,应当理解,外科医生可从多个不同尺寸的壳体部件和插入件部件中选择合适尺寸的壳体部件50和插入件部件22。外科医生可将壳体部件50插入患者的经外科准备的髋臼中,从而推进壳体部件50与限定髋臼的凹形骨表面接合。当壳体部件50以期望的前倾和倾斜的角度取向时,外科医生可将壳体部件50固定到患者的骨。
为了组装假体12,外科医生可将所选择的插入件部件22与限定于壳体部件50中的腔体64对齐,并且沿轴线144推进插入件部件22以将插入件部件22的凸形弯曲外表面86定位在腔体64中。外科医生可围绕轴线144旋转插入件部件22以将键72与限定于壳体部件50中的狭槽70对齐,并且将插入件部件22的边沿区段106放置在边沿区段104上方。一旦正确对齐,外科医生就可将键72推进到狭槽70中并使插入件部件22的肋90与壳体部件50的狭槽92接合,以将插入件部件22联接到壳体部件50。
虽然在附图和前述描述中已经详细地举例说明和描述了本公开,但此类举例说明和描述在特征上应被视为是例示性的而不是限制性的,应当理解,仅示出和描述了例示性的实施方案,并且本公开的实质内进行的所有改变和变型都应受到保护。
本文所述方法、设备和系统的多个特征使本公开具有多个优点。应当注意的是,本公开的方法、设备和系统的另选的实施方案可以不包括所有所述特征,但仍然可以受益于此类特征的优点中的至少一些。对于上述方法、设备和系统,本领域的普通技术人员可容易地设想出其自己的实施方式,该实施方式可结合本发明特征中的一个或多个特征,并且落在由所附权利要求限定的本公开的实质和范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种整形外科假体部件,包括:
髋臼假体部件,所述髋臼假体部件包括外边沿、从所述外边沿向内延伸的内壁和由所述内壁限定的腔体,所述腔体被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头,
其中所述内壁包括从所述外边沿向内延伸到内端的柱形表面和连接到所述柱形表面的内端的半球形表面,并且
其中,当以横截面观察所述髋臼假体部件时,所述柱形表面在所述髋臼假体部件的下侧上从所述外边沿向所述内端延伸第一距离,并且所述柱形表面在所述髋臼假体部件的上侧上从所述外边沿向所述内端延伸第二距离,所述第二距离小于所述第一距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述外边沿包括下边沿区段和相对于所述下边沿区段以非正交角度延伸的上边沿区段。
3.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述非正交角度等于约15度。
4.根据权利要求2所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述下边沿区段定位在假想平面中,并且所述髋臼假体部件的上侧上的所述柱形表面的内端定位在所述假想平面的侧向,使得所述半球形表面的一部分延伸穿过所述假想平面。
5.根据权利要求4所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述髋臼假体部件包括定位成与所述内壁相对的外壁,所述外壁包括定位在所述假想平面的侧向的侧向边缘。
6. 根据权利要求2所述的整形外科假体部件,其中:
所述髋臼假体部件包括正交于所述下边沿区段延伸的部件轴线,并且
所述半球形表面包括相对于所述部件轴线以非正交角度延伸的中心轴线。
7.根据权利要求6所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述非正交角度等于约15度。
8.根据权利要求6所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述柱形表面包括与所述半球形表面的中心轴线重合的第二中心轴线。
9.根据权利要求6所述的整形外科假体部件,还包括假体壳体,所述假体壳体包括被成形为定位在患者骨盆的经外科准备的髋臼中的外表面和接纳所述髋臼假体部件的内腔。
10.根据权利要求9所述的整形外科假体部件,其中所述假体壳体包括与所述髋臼假体部件的所述部件轴线重合的第二中心轴线。
11. 一种整形外科假体,包括:
髋臼壳体部件,所述髋臼壳体部件具有远侧边沿和从所述远侧边沿延伸以限定内腔的凹形弯曲表面,所述远侧边沿定位在假想平面中,和
插入件部件,所述插入件部件被构造成接纳在所述内腔中,所述插入件部件包括外边沿、从所述外边沿向内延伸的内壁和由所述内壁限定并且被定尺寸成接纳股骨假体部件的股骨头的腔体,
其中所述内壁包括柱形表面和半球形表面,并且
其中所述半球形表面延伸穿过所述假想平面至定位在所述假想平面的侧向的上边缘。
12.根据权利要求11所述的整形外科假体,其中:
所述髋臼壳体部件包括正交于所述假想平面延伸的壳体轴线,
所述柱形表面包括第一中心轴线,并且所述半球形表面包括重合于所述第一中心轴线延伸的第二中心轴线,并且
当以横截面观察所述整形外科假体时,在所述壳体轴线与重合的所述第一中心轴线和所述第二中心轴线之间限定非正交角度。
13.根据权利要求12所述的整形外科假体,其中所述非正交角度等于约15度。
14.根据权利要求11所述的整形外科假体,其中所述插入件部件的外边沿包括下边沿区段和相对于所述下边沿区段以非正交角度延伸的上边沿区段。
15.根据权利要求14所述的整形外科假体,其中所述插入件部件的下边沿区段平行于所述髋臼壳体部件的远侧边沿延伸。
16.根据权利要求11所述的整形外科假体,其中所述插入件部件包括定位成与所述内壁相对的外壁,所述外壁包括定位在所述假想平面的侧向的侧向边缘。
17.根据权利要求11所述的整形外科假体,还包括所述股骨假体部件,所述股骨假体部件包括细长柄和固定到所述细长柄的所述股骨头。
18.根据权利要求17所述的整形外科假体,其中所述股骨头包括定位在所述壳体部件的假想平面的侧向的几何中心。
19.根据权利要求11所述的整形外科假体,其中,当以横截面观察所述整形外科假体时,所述柱形表面在所述插入件部件的下侧上从所述外边沿向内端延伸第一距离,并且所述柱形表面在所述插入件部件的上侧上从所述外边沿向所述内端延伸第二距离,所述第二距离小于所述第一距离。
20.一种整形外科假体,包括:
股骨假体部件,所述股骨假体部件包括细长柄和固定到所述细长柄的股骨头,
髋臼壳体部件,所述髋臼壳体部件具有远侧边沿和从所述远侧边沿延伸以限定内腔的凹形弯曲表面,所述远侧边沿定位在假想平面中,和
插入件部件,所述插入件部件被构造成接纳在所述内腔中,所述插入件部件包括外边沿、从所述外边沿向内延伸的内壁和由所述内壁限定的腔体,所述腔体被定尺寸成接纳所述股骨假体部件的股骨头,
其中所述股骨头包括定位在所述壳体部件的假想平面的侧向的几何中心,
其中所述内壁包括从所述外边沿向内延伸到内端的柱形表面和连接到所述柱形表面的内端的半球形表面,并且
其中所述半球形表面延伸穿过所述假想平面以限定被成形为抵抗所述股骨头从所述腔体位错的区域。
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US16/236,801 US11376128B2 (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2018-12-31 | Acetabular orthopaedic prosthesis and method |
US16/236801 | 2018-12-31 | ||
PCT/IB2019/060875 WO2020141383A1 (en) | 2018-12-31 | 2019-12-17 | Acetabular orthopaedic prosthesis and method |
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EP (1) | EP3905991A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2022515289A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN113271893A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2019418114A1 (zh) |
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- 2019-12-17 JP JP2021538252A patent/JP2022515289A/ja active Pending
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- 2019-12-17 WO PCT/IB2019/060875 patent/WO2020141383A1/en unknown
- 2019-12-17 BR BR112021012887A patent/BR112021012887A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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CA3125539A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
JP2022515289A (ja) | 2022-02-17 |
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AU2019418114A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
US20220331120A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
WO2020141383A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
EP3905991A1 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
US11376128B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
US20200205987A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
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