CN113231621B - Piston liquid die forging casting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a piston liquid die forging casting machine, comprising: a bed, the bed includes a first workbench; a top mold mechanism, connected to the bed through a guide column, the top mold mechanism is located above the bed; an outer mold mechanism , installed above the first workbench; the matched outer mold and pin hole indenter are arranged above the first workbench, respectively connected with the outer mold mechanism; the chassis is installed above the first workbench, on the left and right sides Between the outer molds; the ejector mechanism is installed under the first workbench; the mold clamping mechanism, including the upper mold clamping mechanism and the lower mold clamping mechanism, are respectively distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first workbench. Through the technical solution of the present invention, the problem that the aluminum piston liquid die forging die cannot be divided left and right and each casting must be installed with a die is solved, the work efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced at the same time, and the multi-directional aluminum piston casting is realized Pressurization not only makes the structure of each part of the casting compact, but also reduces the pressure of the main cylinder.

Description

A piston liquid die forging casting machine

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical equipment, in particular to a piston liquid die forging and casting machine.

Background technique

As the core component of the engine, the piston is subjected to harsh working conditions such as high temperature and high pressure in the engine. As vehicles, construction machinery, and military equipment have higher and higher requirements for power systems, the performance indicators such as engine power density and explosion pressure continue to increase, and the operating conditions of pistons are becoming more and more harsh. It is necessary to continuously develop new processes, New equipment and other technologies are used to improve the thermal load and mechanical load capacity of the piston. At the same time, in order to meet the lightweight requirements, the aluminum piston is the first choice. The liquid die forging process combines the advantages of casting and forging. Applying this process to aluminum pistons can eliminate casting defects such as internal pores, shrinkage cavities, and shrinkage porosity. Through pressure forming, aluminum with dense structure and fine microstructure can be obtained. Piston castings can significantly improve various performance indicators of aluminum pistons. In particular, the liquid die forging process can be used to cast an integrated aluminum piston casting with inner cooling aluminum oxide fiber reinforced aluminum piston, which further improves the strengthening degree of the aluminum piston and meets the increasingly severe requirements of the engine working condition. Compared with the ordinary aluminum piston, the aluminum oxide fiber-reinforced integrated aluminum piston with internal cooling in the ring is 30℃ higher than the limit temperature, and the burst pressure is increased by more than 4MPa. It can replace some forged steel products, which is the future development trend of aluminum pistons.

Casting aluminum pistons by liquid die forging technology is an important application direction. However, the existing liquid die forging equipment is generally a four-column hydraulic press. The equipment structure limits the mold design to the method of inserting a die inside the overall outer mold. Each product Both need to repeatedly install the die, the labor intensity of workers is high, and the efficiency is low. Only the main cylinder can be used to pressurize, and the use pressure is high, resulting in low mold life.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

For this reason, an object of the present invention is to provide a piston liquid die forging casting machine, which is suitable for mass casting of aluminum pistons with internal cooling and aluminum oxide fiber reinforced integrated aluminum pistons in the ring, and the mold can be divided into left and right sides and can be multi-directional Pressurization, no need to repeatedly install the die, low labor intensity, convenient operation, high efficiency, low cost, multi-directional pressurization can reduce the pressure of the main cylinder to a certain extent, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the mold. The liquid forging casting The castings in the machine can bear pressure up to 50MPa~400MPa.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention provides a piston liquid die forging casting machine, including: a bed, the bed includes a first workbench; a top mold mechanism, connected to the bed through a guide column, The top mold mechanism is located above the bed; the external mold mechanism is installed above the first workbench; The outer mold mechanisms are connected; the chassis is installed above the first workbench, between the left and right outer molds; the ejector mechanism is installed below the first workbench; the mold locking mechanism includes an upper The mold locking mechanism and the lower mold locking mechanism are respectively distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first workbench.

Preferably, the upper clamping mechanism includes: two small oil cylinders, the small oil cylinders are fastened to the upper table, and the upper table is fastened to the middle and upper part of the guide column; the upper template is fixedly connected to the On the small oil cylinder, and the upper template is sleeved on the guide column; the upper pressing sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper template, and the position of the upper pressing sleeve is locked with the top of the outer mold Correspondingly, the small oil cylinder pushes the upper press sleeve to lock the top of the outer mold,

The lower clamping mechanism includes: a lower press sleeve, connected to the lower formwork through a press sleeve guide column, the position of the lower press sleeve corresponds to the locked position of the bottom of the outer mold; the lower formwork, through the formwork The guide column is connected to the lower plate, and the lower plate is fixed on the bottom oil cylinder, and the bottom oil cylinder pushes the lower pressure sleeve to lock the bottom of the outer mold, and the upper pressure sleeve and the lower pressure sleeve are connected with the outer mold. The mold fits tightly.

Preferably, four guide pillars are installed above the bed, and the four guide pillars are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the two small oil cylinders are respectively arranged between the two guide pillars on the left and right sides. The lower press sleeve is connected to the lower template through the four guide posts of the press sleeve, and the lower template is connected to the lower plate through the four guide posts of the template.

Preferably, the outer mold mechanism includes: two side oil cylinders, respectively fixed on the first workbench by bolts, and the two side oil cylinders are arranged opposite to each other; the outer mold and the pin hole indenter are respectively It is connected with the side oil cylinder through the first connection structure and the second connection structure, and the side oil cylinder is a sleeve cylinder, which pushes the outer mold to open and close, and pushes the pin hole pressure head to pressurize the piston pin hole; cooperatively set The outer mold slide table and the outer mold guide rail are fixedly installed on the first workbench in the position area between the two side cylinders, and the outer mold slides on the outer mold through the outer mold guide rail. Slide open and close on the table.

Preferably, the first connecting structure is a formwork, one side of the formwork is connected to the side cylinder, and the other side of the formwork is firmly connected to the outer mold; the second connection The structure is a connection block, and the connection block is located in the mold frame, and the connection block is designed with a lifting structure to adjust the height of the pin hole pressure head.

Preferably, the top mold mechanism includes: a main oil cylinder fastened on the upper table; a second worktable fixedly connected to the main oil cylinder, and the four corners of the second workbench are sleeved On the guide post; the top mold is fastened to the bottom surface of the second workbench through the flange, and the main oil cylinder pushes the second workbench and the top mold to open and close the mold and add castings pressure.

Preferably, the ejection mechanism includes: the bottom oil cylinder, which is fastened to the bottom of the bed; the ejector rod, which is fixedly connected to the bottom oil cylinder, pushes out the casting under the push of the bottom oil cylinder, The bottom oil cylinder is a sleeve cylinder, which pushes the lower press sleeve to lock the bottom of the outer mold, and pushes the ejector rod to eject the casting.

Preferably, the bed further includes: a bottom protective cover, fixedly connected to the surrounding sides of the first workbench, and protecting the lower space of the first workbench; base brackets, distributed and installed on the bed The bottom has four corners, and the base support is perpendicular to the ground.

Preferably, a height adjustment structure is designed on the base bracket.

A piston liquid die forging casting machine proposed by the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) The clamping mechanism adopts the original small oil cylinder and upper and lower pressure sleeve clamping system, without the need for die design, which solves the problem that the aluminum piston liquid forging die cannot be divided left and right and each casting must be equipped with a die. The production staff Reduced from 3 people to 2 people, increased the work efficiency by more than 2 times, and reduced the labor intensity at the same time, it can realize the batch casting of aluminum pistons with inner cooling aluminum oxide fiber reinforced integrated aluminum pistons, and the upper and lower pressure sleeves are connected with the outer The molds are tightly matched, and the molds are locked mechanically, which is safe and reliable. The small oil cylinder and the bottom oil cylinder only play the role of pushing up and down, with small bore and low cost.

(2) A small oil cylinder is used for mold clamping, and the price is relatively low, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the liquid die forging casting machine, and the body is compact and takes up less space.

(3) Both the side oil cylinder and the bottom oil cylinder are designed as sleeve cylinders. The side oil cylinder has the functions of opening and closing the mold and lateral pressurization. The bottom oil cylinder also has the functions of ejecting the casting, pressurizing the bottom surface and clamping the mold. Press to realize multi-directional pressurization of aluminum piston castings, which not only makes the structure of each part of the casting dense, but also reduces the pressure of the main cylinder and increases the life of the mold by more than 2 times.

(4) The pressure of the main cylinder, side cylinder, bottom cylinder and small cylinder can be adjusted independently without interfering with each other, ensuring fast mold clamping and balanced pressure in all directions.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and comprehensible from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a piston liquid forging casting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the longitudinal sectional structure schematic diagram of the piston liquid die forging casting machine in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows the structure schematic diagram of the integrated aluminum piston casting with internal cooling of Al2O3 fiber reinforced integrated aluminum piston castings manufactured by the piston liquid die forging casting machine proposed by the present invention,

Wherein, the corresponding relationship between reference numerals and components in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is:

102 Bed, 1021 First Worktable, 1022 Bottom Shield, 1023 Base Bracket, 104 Top Mold Mechanism, 1041 Main Oil Cylinder, 1042 Upper Table, 1043 Second Worktable, 1044 Top Mold, 1045 Flange, 106 Guide Column , 108 outer mold mechanism, 1081 side cylinder, 1082 first connection structure, 1083 second connection structure, 1084 outer mold slide table, 1085 outer mold guide rail, 110 outer mold, 112 pin hole pressure head, 114 chassis, 116 ejection mechanism , 1161 bottom oil cylinder, 1162 ejector rod, 118 clamping mechanism, 1181 small oil cylinder, 1182 upper formwork, 1183 upper pressure sleeve, 1184 lower pressure sleeve, 1185 pressure sleeve guide post, 1186 lower formwork, 1187 formwork guide post, 1188 lower plate , 202 ring inner cooling aluminum oxide fiber reinforced integrated aluminum piston castings, 2021 aluminum oxide fiber parts, 2022 cast iron ring, 2023 inner cooling oil chamber.

detailed description

In order to understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described here. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific details disclosed below. EXAMPLE LIMITATIONS.

The piston liquid forging casting machine according to the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the piston liquid die forging casting machine according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a bed 102, a top mold mechanism 104, an outer mold mechanism 108, an ejector mechanism 116, a mold clamping mechanism 118, a hydraulic pressure The hydraulic station supplies oil to each cylinder of the piston liquid die forging casting machine. The hydraulic station is connected to the bed 102 through oil delivery steel pipes to ensure stable pressure. The clamping mechanism 118 is distributed on the upper and lower sides of the bed 102. 106 is connected with the bed 102, and the outer mold mechanism 108 is installed above the workbench under the bed 102, and the ejector mechanism 116 is connected under the workbench under the bed 102. Coordinated outer mold 110 and pin hole indenter 112 are arranged above the first workbench 1021 and connected to the outer mold mechanism 108 respectively; the chassis 114 is installed above the first workbench 1021 and is located on the left and right sides of the outer mold 110 between.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the bed 102 includes a base bracket 1023, a bottom shield 1022, a first workbench 1021, and a bottom shield 1022, which are fixedly connected to the sides of the first workbench 1021 to protect the first The lower space of the workbench 1021; the base brackets 1023 are distributed and installed at the four corners of the bottom of the bed 102, and the base brackets 1023 are perpendicular to the ground. The top of the first workbench 1021 is equipped with a side oil cylinder 1081 and an outer mold slide 1084. The outer mold slide 1084 is designed to reinforce the lower workbench, and the bottom of the first workbench 1021 is equipped with a bottom oil cylinder 1161.

Further, a height adjustment structure is designed on the base support 1023 so that the base support 1023 can be adjusted horizontally. The bottom protective cover 1022 uses a steel plate to protect the bottom oil cylinder 1161 and the lower clamping mechanism 118 .

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the mold clamping mechanism 118 includes an upper mold clamping mechanism 118 and a lower mold clamping mechanism 118, the upper mold clamping mechanism 118 is distributed on the upper side of the first workbench 1021, and the lower mold clamping mechanism 118 is distributed on the second The lower side of a workbench 1021, the clamping mechanism 118 includes two small oil cylinders 1181, an upper template 1182, an upper pressing sleeve 1183, a lower pressing sleeve 1184, a pressing sleeve guide post 1185, a lower template 1186, and a template guide post 1187. Among them, the upper clamping mechanism 118 mechanism includes: two small oil cylinders 1181, the small oil cylinders 1181 are fastened on the upper table 1042, the upper table 1042 is fastened on the middle and upper part of the guide pillar 106, and four guide pillars are installed above the bed 102 106, the four guide pillars 106 are distributed in a rectangular shape with four corners, and two small oil cylinders 1181 are respectively arranged between the two guide pillars 106 on the left and right sides; On the guide post 106; the upper pressing sleeve 1183 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper template 1182, the position of the upper pressing sleeve 1183 is corresponding to the locked position of the top of the outer mold 110, and the small oil cylinder 1181 pushes the upper pressing sleeve 1183 to lock the outer Die 110 top. The lower clamping mechanism 118 includes: the lower pressing sleeve 1184, which is connected to the lower template 1186 through four pressing sleeve guide posts 1185, and the position of the lower pressing sleeve 1184 is corresponding to the locked position at the bottom of the outer mold 110; the lower template 1186, through Four formwork guide pillars 1187 are connected to the lower plate 1188, and the lower plate 1188 is fixed on the bottom oil cylinder 1161, and the bottom oil cylinder 1161 pushes the lower pressing sleeve 1184 to lock the bottom of the outer mold 110. The upper pressure sleeve 1183 and the lower pressure sleeve 1184 are closely matched with the outer mold 110, and are locked mechanically, which is safe and reliable. The small oil cylinder 1181 and the bottom oil cylinder 1161 only play the role of pushing up and down, and the cylinder diameter is small and the cost is low. The clamping mechanism 118 adopts the original small oil cylinder 1181 and the upper and lower pressure sleeves 1184 clamping system, without the need for die design, which solves the problem that the aluminum piston liquid forging die cannot be divided left and right and each casting must be equipped with a die. The reduction from 3 people to 2 people improves the work efficiency by more than 2 times, reduces the labor intensity at the same time, and realizes the batch blank casting of aluminum pistons reinforced with Al2O3 fiber-reinforced inner rings. Using the small oil cylinder 1181 to lock the mold, the price is lower, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the liquid forging casting machine, and the body is compact and occupies less space.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the top mold mechanism 104 includes: a main oil cylinder 1041, an upper table 1042, and a second workbench 1043. The upper table 1042 is fastened above the four guide posts 106, and the main oil cylinder 1041 is fixed with fastening bolts. On the upper table 1042, the second workbench 1043 is fixedly connected to the main oil cylinder 1041, the four corners of the second workbench 1043 are sleeved on the guide post 106, and the top mold 1044 is fastened to the second workbench 1043 through the flange 1045 , the main oil cylinder 1041 pushes the second workbench 1043 and the top mold 1044 to realize casting pressurization and mold opening and closing.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the outer mold mechanism 108 includes: two side oil cylinders 1081, a first connection structure 1082, a second connection structure 1083, an outer mold slide table 1084, and an outer mold guide rail 1085, and the side oil cylinders 1081 are tightened by bolts. Fixed on the first workbench 1021, two side oil cylinders 1081 are arranged opposite; the outer mold 110 and the pin hole indenter 112 are respectively connected to the side oil cylinder 1081 through the first connection structure 1082 and the second connection structure 1083, and the side oil cylinder 1081 is The cylinder sleeve can not only push the outer mold 110 to open and close, but also push the pin hole pressure head 112 to pressurize the piston pin hole; the outer mold slide table 1084 and outer mold guide rail 1085 are fixedly installed on the first workbench 1021 In the area between the two side cylinders 1081, the outer mold 110 slides to open and close on the outer mold slide 1084 through the outer mold guide rail 1085. The design of the outer mold slide 1084 plays the role of reinforcing the first workbench 1021 At the same time, the opening and closing of the outer mold 110 is made more stable. The side oil cylinder 1081 has the function of opening and closing the mold and lateral pressure at the same time, realizing the multi-directional pressure of the aluminum piston casting, which not only makes the structure of each part of the casting dense, but also reduces the pressure of the main cylinder and improves the life of the mold.

Further, the first connection structure 1082 is a formwork, one side of the formwork is connected to the side cylinder 1081, and the other side of the formwork is firmly connected with the outer mold 110; the second connection structure 1083 is a connection block, and the connection block is in the Inside the mold base, the connecting block is designed with a lifting structure to adjust the height of the pin hole pressure head 112 to meet the needs of mold connection with different center heights of piston pin holes of different sizes.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the ejector mechanism 116 includes a bottom cylinder 1161 and a push rod 1162 , the bottom cylinder 1161 is connected to the bottom of the bed 102 by fastening bolts, and the push rod 1162 is connected to the bottom cylinder 1161 . The bottom oil cylinder 1161 is a sleeve cylinder, which can not only eject the casting, but also pressurize the bottom of the casting. The bottom oil cylinder 1161 has the functions of ejecting the casting, pressing the bottom surface and clamping the mold. It cooperates with the main oil cylinder 1041 to pressurize the aluminum piston. The multi-directional pressure of the casting not only makes the structure of each part of the casting dense, but also reduces the pressure of the main cylinder and improves the life of the mold.

The working process of the piston liquid die forging casting machine proposed by the present invention is as follows. Taking the pressure casting of aluminum piston casting 202 with inner cooling aluminum oxide fiber reinforced integrated aluminum piston casting 202 as an example, the inner cooling aluminum oxide fiber reinforced integrated Aluminum piston casting 202, as shown in Figure 3, includes inlays such as aluminum oxide fiber prefabricated parts, ceramic salt cores, cast iron inserts, etc. The piston liquid die forging casting machine proposed by the present invention can also be used for other aluminum alloy castings with similar structures pressure casting.

(1) Start the piston liquid die forging casting machine, set the process parameters, the press is initially in the mold opening state, install the aluminum oxide fiber prefabricated part on the chassis 114, and install the ceramic salt core on the aluminum oxide fiber prefabricated part , the side oil cylinder 1081 pushes the outer mold 110 to quickly close the mold, slow down the mold closing when approaching, to prevent vibration and rapid collision, and then insert a cast iron ring 2022 in the outer mold 110;

(2) Pour quantitative aluminum liquid through the sprue of the outer mold 110, the small oil cylinder 1181 and the bottom oil cylinder 1161 simultaneously push the upper pressure sleeve 1183 and the lower pressure sleeve 1184 to lock the outer mold 110, and at the same time the safety door is closed, the displacement and pressure signal of the upper and lower mold clamping Only when the prompt is in place can the next step be taken to prevent the aluminum liquid from splashing and hurting people when the mold is not in place and pressurized.

(3) The main oil cylinder 1041 pushes the top die 1044 to go down quickly, close to the aluminum liquid to decelerate, then pressurize slowly, the pressure rises to the set value, and start timing. The side oil cylinder 1081 pushes the pin hole pressure head 112 to the position of the piston pin hole after a delay. Pressurization, the bottom oil cylinder 1161 pushes the ejector rod 1162 to pressurize the bottom of the piston with a delay, and the three directions are simultaneously pressurized until the pressure holding is completed.

(4) After the set pressure holding time is over, the side oil cylinder 1081 pulls the pin hole pressure head 112 to return to the position, the bottom oil cylinder 1161 releases the pressure, the main oil cylinder 1041 pulls the top die 1044 to return to the position, and the small oil cylinder 1181 and the bottom oil cylinder 1161 simultaneously pull the upper press The sleeve 1183 and the lower pressure sleeve 1184 return to the position, the side cylinder 1081 pulls the left and right outer molds 110 to open the mold, the bottom cylinder 1161 pushes the casting out of the mold, and one casting cycle is completed, and the integrated aluminum piston reinforced with aluminum oxide fiber reinforced with the inner ring is obtained. The casting 202 has a structure as shown in FIG. 3 , including an internal cooling oil cavity 2023 , an aluminum oxide fiber part 2021 , and a cast iron insert 2022 .

In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" refers to two or two above, unless expressly defined otherwise. The terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixed" and other terms should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, "connection" can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; "connection" can be directly or indirectly through an intermediary. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear" etc. is based on the orientation shown in the drawings Or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the referred device or unit must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In the description of this specification, descriptions of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments" and the like mean that specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in the present invention In at least one embodiment or example of . In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A piston liquid die forging casting machine, characterized in that, comprising: a bed, the bed includes a first workbench; The top mold mechanism is connected with the bed through guide columns, and the top mold mechanism is located above the bed; The outer mold mechanism is installed above the first workbench; The cooperating outer mold and pinhole indenter are arranged above the first workbench and are respectively connected with the outer mold mechanism; The outer mold mechanism includes two side oil cylinders, a first connection structure, a second connection structure, an outer mold slide table, an outer mold guide rail, and two side oil cylinders, which are respectively fixed on the first workbench by bolts, and two The side oil cylinders are arranged oppositely; the outer mold and the pinhole indenter are respectively connected to the side oil cylinders through the first connection structure and the second connection structure, and the side oil cylinders are sleeve cylinders, which push the outer mold Open and close and push the pin hole pressure head to pressurize the piston pin hole; the outer mold slide table and outer mold guide rail that are matched are fixedly installed on the first workbench, between the two side cylinders position area, the outer mold slides open and close on the outer mold slide table through the outer mold guide rail, The chassis is installed above the first workbench and between the outer molds on the left and right sides; The ejector mechanism is installed under the first workbench, and the ejector mechanism includes: a bottom oil cylinder, which is fastened to the bottom of the bed; a ejector rod, which is fixedly connected to the bottom oil cylinder, Push the bottom oil cylinder to eject the casting, the bottom oil cylinder is a sleeve cylinder, push the lower pressure sleeve to lock the bottom of the outer mold, push the ejector rod to eject the casting, The mold clamping mechanism includes an upper mold clamping mechanism and a lower mold clamping mechanism, which are respectively distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first workbench, The upper clamping mechanism includes: Two small oil cylinders, the small oil cylinders are fastened on the upper table, and the upper table is fastened on the middle and upper part of the guide column; The upper template is fixedly connected to the small oil cylinder, and the upper template is sleeved on the guide post; The upper pressing sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper formwork, the position of the upper pressing sleeve corresponds to the locked position of the top of the outer mold, and the small oil cylinder pushes the upper pressing sleeve to lock the outer mold. die top, The lower clamping mechanism includes: The lower pressing sleeve is connected to the lower template through the pressing sleeve guide column, and the position of the lower pressing sleeve corresponds to the locked position of the bottom of the outer mold; The lower template is connected to the lower plate through template guide posts, the lower plate is fixed on the bottom oil cylinder, and the bottom oil cylinder pushes the lower pressing sleeve to lock the bottom of the outer mold, The upper pressing sleeve and the lower pressing sleeve are closely matched with the outer mold, Quantitative aluminum liquid is poured through the sprue of the outer mold, and the small oil cylinder and the bottom oil cylinder simultaneously push the upper press sleeve and the lower press sleeve to lock the outer mold. The hydraulic decelerates, and then pressurizes at a slow speed. The side cylinder delays to push the pin hole pressure head to pressurize the piston pin hole, and the bottom cylinder delays to push the ejector rod to pressurize the bottom of the piston, and pressurizes in multiple directions at the same time. 2. The piston liquid forging casting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Four guide pillars are installed above the bed, and the four guide pillars are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the two small oil cylinders are respectively arranged between the two guide pillars on the left and right sides; The lower press sleeve is connected to the lower template through the four guide posts of the press sleeve, and the lower template is connected to the lower plate through the four guide posts of the template. 3. piston liquid forging casting machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, The first connection structure is a formwork, one side of the formwork is connected to the side cylinder, and the other side of the formwork is fastened to the outer mold; The second connection structure is a connection block, the connection block is located in the mold frame, and the connection block is designed with a lifting structure to adjust the height of the pin hole pressure head. 4. The piston liquid die forging casting machine according to claim 2, wherein the top mold mechanism comprises: a main oil cylinder, the main oil cylinder is fastened on the upper table; The second workbench is fixedly connected to the main oil cylinder, and the four corners of the second workbench are sleeved on the guide post; The top mold is fastened to the bottom surface of the second workbench through a flange, and the main oil cylinder pushes the second workbench and the top mold to open and close the mold and pressurizes the casting. 5. The piston liquid die forging casting machine according to claim 1, wherein the bed also includes: The bottom protective cover is fixedly connected with the surrounding sides of the first workbench, and protects the lower space of the first workbench; The base brackets are distributed and installed at the four corners of the bottom of the bed, and the base brackets are perpendicular to the ground. 6. The piston liquid die forging casting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, A height adjustment structure is designed on the base bracket.

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