CN113229050A - Ecological protection construction method for long-bag vegetation zone - Google Patents
Ecological protection construction method for long-bag vegetation zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229050A CN113229050A CN202110496597.3A CN202110496597A CN113229050A CN 113229050 A CN113229050 A CN 113229050A CN 202110496597 A CN202110496597 A CN 202110496597A CN 113229050 A CN113229050 A CN 113229050A
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/08—Devices for filling-up flower-pots or pots for seedlings; Devices for setting plants or seeds in pots
- A01G9/081—Devices for filling-up pots
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection and discloses a construction method for ecological protection of a long-bag vegetation zone. The method comprises the steps of slope cleaning, scaffold building, measurement and setting-out, drilling, long-bag vegetation zone laying, nutrient soil pouring, grass seed spraying and irrigating on the surface of the long-bag vegetation zone, non-woven fabric covering and maintenance management. The long-bag plant growth belt is made of polyethylene artificial fiber material and is made by needling the polyethylene artificial fiber material into a net-shaped high-strength plane stable material, pouring nutrient soil into the long-bag plant growth belt, then driving an L-shaped anchor rod, spraying grass on the surface of the plant growth belt to irrigate seeds, after the spraying grass planting construction is completed, covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface of a side slope, and spraying in mist to keep the soil moist. The construction method has the advantages of relatively simple construction, wide construction application range, strong foundation breaking stability, rain erosion resistance, wind erosion resistance, oxidation resistance, water retention and fertilizer retention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, in particular to a construction method for ecological protection of a long-bag vegetation zone.
Background
With the continuous development of economy, the construction of the basic road network extends to mountainous areas along with the coming of the road network, and particularly with the pursuit of the national people on ecological tourism in recent years, a large number of tourist attractions in the mountainous areas are developed, so that a large number of unstable slopes are generated in the road construction of the phoenix-landscape tourist areas. In order to ensure the safety and stability of various slopes, the actual use effect and environmental benefit are greatly reduced in the traditional engineering protection forms such as concrete spraying and paving because of high manufacturing cost, great damage to the ecological environment, difficulty in recovering vegetation, incapability of effectively eliminating surface runoff and the like.
With the increasing of the environmental awareness of people and the continuous development of various road slope stabilizing technologies, various ecological restoration technologies have been replaced in recent years, such as direct grass planting protection, skeleton grid grass planting protection, spray seeding grass planting protection (including TBS and three-dimensional geotechnical net protection), artificial corrosion-resistant biomembranes, even waste tire soil stabilization protection by soil method, and the like, and especially ecological protection slope of a vegetation zone can show self characteristics and advantages on the surface of a stone slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for ecological protection of a long-bag vegetation zone, which has the advantages of relatively simple construction, wide construction application range, strong foundation breaking stability, rain erosion resistance, wind erosion resistance, oxidation resistance, water retention and fertilizer retention and the like.
The invention provides a construction method for ecological protection of a long-bag plant growth zone, which comprises the following steps:
1) slope cleaning
Cleaning up impurities on the protective rock surface, removing pumice and loose rocks, washing the slope surface by using high-pressure water, keeping the rock surface at a certain humidity, and leveling and roughening the slope surface to form a natural rough surface;
2) building scaffold
A scaffold with the same height as the slope surface is built on the slope surface, so that the subsequent construction work is facilitated;
3) measuring line
Determining the positions of an anchor rod and a preformed hole according to a drawing, wherein the preformed hole is arrayed on the slope surface in a mode of vertical 1000 mm multiplied by horizontal 400mm, and the anchor rod adopts an L-shaped anchor rod and is used for fixing a long-bag plant growth belt;
4) drilling holes
Drilling at the pre-hole-forming hole position determined on the slope in the step 3) by adopting a drill bit with the outer diameter corresponding to that of the anchor rod;
5) laying long bag plant growing belt and pouring nutrient soil
5.1 laying a whole long-bag plant growth belt with the length 1-2 m longer than the slope surface on the slope surface, and fixing the top end of the long-bag plant growth belt;
5.2 transporting the prepared nutrient soil to the top of the slope, and pouring the nutrient soil into the paved long-bag plant growth belt from top to bottom of the slope, wherein when the length of the paved long-bag plant growth belt is more than 1m, an L-shaped anchor rod prepared in advance penetrates through the long-bag plant growth belt filled with the nutrient soil and is inserted into a corresponding prefabricated hole, and the like, the L-shaped anchor rods are inserted in sequence from bottom to top of the slope, and finally the L-shaped anchor rods are fixed on the top of the slope to finish the paving of the long-bag plant growth belt of the whole slope and the pouring of the nutrient soil;
6) grass seeds for spraying and sowing on surface of long-bag plant growth zone
Spraying the uniformly stirred greening matrix onto the fixed long-bag plant growth belt from top to bottom until the designed thickness reaches 10 mm;
7) covering non-woven fabric
Covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the slope surface on which the spray seeding greening matrix is finished;
8) maintenance management
Periodically carrying out sprinkling irrigation on the slope in the step 7);
further, in the step 3), the L-shaped anchor rod is subjected to straightening, rust removal and oil removal pretreatment before use;
further, in the step 4), after drilling is finished, the rock powder in the hole is blown clean;
further, in the step 5.1, the length of the long-bag plant growth belt is decided at one time according to the length of the slope surface;
further, in the step 5.2, shrub seeds are added into the poured nutrient soil in advance;
further, in the step 6), the greening substrate comprises organic matters, paper pulp, a pH value regulator, a long-acting slow-release fertilizer, an adhesive, a water-retaining agent, water and grass seeds;
further, the Chinese herbal seeds in the grass shrub seeds are bermudagrass, and the shrub seeds are selected from the locust tree, the magnolia multiflora and the alfalfa;
further, in the step 7), the non-woven fabric is uncovered when the grass seeds in the slope greening matrix grow to 4cm-6 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone has the advantages of relatively simple construction, wide construction application range, strong foundation breaking stability, rain erosion resistance, wind erosion resistance, oxidation resistance, water retention and fertilizer retention.
Detailed Description
The invention is adopted to carry out ecological greening protection on the following geological environments:
the slope geology is mainly formed by limestone development, the total length of the slope is 487m, the average height is 20m, the maximum height is 30.4m, and the total area of the side is 11740m2And is a first-grade cutting slope, the slope ratio of the whole slope is 1/0.3-1/01, and the slope is extremely steep and irregular;
gully and reverse hanging slope in partial region, leakage in partial region, PVC pipe water drain holes (with a spacing of 5 × 5m) with diameter of 30mm on slope;
in order to avoid the sliding of larger hillstones, plain concrete spraying is carried out on the whole slope surface, the average thickness of the concrete upper layer is 5cm, and in order to prevent rainwater from rushing to the slope surface, a catch drain with the length of about 500m is arranged at the top of the slope;
a green belt with the width of 8m is arranged at the bottom of the side slope, climbing plants are planted at the position close to the slope toe, the height of the branches touching the side slope is only about 1.5m, and the requirements of green coverage are completely met.
According to the geological environment and the natural conditions, the ecological protection construction method of the long-bag vegetation zone is adopted for greening construction, and the steps are as follows:
1) slope cleaning
Cleaning up impurities on the protective rock surface, removing pumice and loose rocks, washing the slope surface by using high-pressure water, keeping the rock surface at a certain humidity, and spraying a layer of plain concrete on the whole slope surface to form a natural rough surface;
2) building scaffold
A full scaffold with the same height as the slope is built on the slope, so that the subsequent construction work is facilitated;
3) measuring line
Determining the positions of an anchor rod and a preformed hole according to a drawing, wherein the preformed hole is arranged on the slope surface in an array mode of vertical 1000 mm multiplied by horizontal 400mm, the anchor rod adopts an L-shaped anchor rod for fixing a long-bag plant growth belt, and the L-shaped anchor rod preferably adopts deformed steel with the length of 120cm and the specification of HRB phi 340018 mm;
in order to ensure the stability of the L-shaped anchor rod fixing long-bag plant growth belt, the depth of the L-shaped anchor rod drilled into the rock stratum is not less than 70cm, and the length of the L-shaped anchor rod reserved outside the fixing long-bag plant growth belt is not less than 30 cm;
it should be noted that the L-shaped anchor rod is subjected to straightening, rust removal and oil removal pretreatment before use;
4) drilling holes
After the measurement and the paying-off are finished, the hole is dug in a mode of manually matching with an electric drill, and the aperture of the pre-formed hole is 20 mm. After the hole is formed, the hole diameter and the depth of the drilled hole are measured again, and rock powder in the hole is blown clean, so that the L-shaped anchor rod can be used for fixing the long-bag vegetation belt according to the design requirement;
5) laying long bag plant growing belt and pouring nutrient soil
5.1 the long bag plant growth belt adopted by the project is a black high-strength, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and oxidation-resistant non-woven fabric bag, and is mainly a net-shaped high-strength plane stable material formed by needling polyethylene artificial fiber material. The quality of the plant growth belt is 146.1g/m detected by the national professional inspection department2The thickness is 1.2mm, the breaking strength is 13.27KN/M (longitudinal direction), the trapezoidal tearing strength is 317N (longitudinal direction), the piercing strength is 328N, the adopted material of the plant growth bag belt contains carbon ink and other UV resistant components, the service life of the plant growth bag belt can reach 20 years according to conservative estimation, and after 5 to 8 years of ordinary shrub seeds, strong root systems of the plant growth bag belt can completely cover a nutrition space with the plant growth bandwidth of 400mm and the thickness of 300mm and can be rooted to the deep part of a rock stratum.
The length of the long-bag plant growth belt is determined by the length of the slope surface at one time, and it should be noted that the length of the long-bag plant growth belt is determined by the length of the slope surface due to the unequal height of the slope surface, namely the unequal length of the slope surface, and the long-bag plant growth belt with the same length as the slope surface needs to be cut in advance. Because of the particularity of the polyethylene material, the splicing and sewing position is easy to crack, and secondary disasters are easily caused in the later period, the mode of splicing and sewing 2-3 long-bag plant growth belts with different lengths is avoided as much as possible, the length of the long-bag plant growth belt is slightly longer than the slope by 1-2 m in consideration of the irregular change of the slope, and the top end of the long-bag plant growth belt is fixed to prevent the long-bag plant growth belt from accidentally falling off;
5.2 the nutrient soil is prepared from yellow sandy soil, coarse sand, sawdust, coarse chaff (rice husk and cotton seed husk), light organic fertilizer (pig manure and chicken manure), phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer according to a certain proportion. And (3) transporting the prepared nutrient soil to the top of the slope, and pouring the nutrient soil into the paved long-bag plant growth belt from top to bottom from the top of the slope, wherein the hollowing phenomenon cannot occur, and the width of the long-bag plant growth belt after being filled with the nutrient soil is 400mm, and the thickness of the long-bag plant growth belt is 300 mm. And when the slope surface is filled with more than 1m, penetrating a prepared L-shaped anchor rod through the long-bag plant growth belt filled with nutrient soil and inserting the long-bag plant growth belt into a corresponding prefabricated hole, wherein the nutrient soil is poured from top to bottom, and the nutrient soil firstly falls on the slope bottom, so that the L-shaped anchor rod is inserted and fixed from the slope bottom filled with the nutrient soil, and the like, the L-shaped anchor rod is inserted from bottom to top to the slope top in sequence, and finally the L-shaped anchor rod is fixed on the slope top, and the laying of the long-bag plant growth belt on the whole slope surface and the filling of the nutrient soil are completed.
The laying of the long bag plant growth belt and the nutrient soil pouring can be simultaneously laid from top to bottom at the speed of 3-5 strips. Adding shrub seeds into the poured nutrient soil in advance. The shrub seeds are selected from Leguminosae shrub seeds such as Robinia Pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa, Sophora japonica, flos Magnoliae, and Murraya koenigii.
6) Grass seeds for spraying and sowing on surface of long-bag plant growth zone
In order to further improve the ecological protection effect, grass seeds are sprayed on the surface of the long-bag plant growth belt on the basis of completing the construction of the long-bag plant growth belt, and the grass seeds are mixed with a certain greening matrix.
The greening matrix comprises organic matters (pig manure, chicken manure and the like), paper pulp, a pH value regulator, a long-acting slow-release fertilizer, an adhesive, a water-retaining agent, water and grass seeds. It should be noted that, the 425# portland cement is selected as the adhesive of the matrix in a certain proportion, which can greatly enhance the strength and stability of the matrix, and the action time is long. However, since the portland cement is alkaline after meeting water, the portland cement has certain influence on the rooting and germination of plant seeds, and therefore a pH value regulator for balancing the pH value of the matrix is added into the matrix to ensure the normal growth of plants.
Grass irritates the seed and chooses for use the species such as bermuda grass, the perennial ryegrass of growing more, flos magnoliae and alfalfa, according to the domatic standard of inserting 15-20g of seed that spouts of per square meter, grass seed and bush seed quantity are allocated according to certain proportion, preferably adopt 8: 2, namely 12-16g of bermudagrass, perennial ryegrass and 3-4g of magnolia multiflora and alfalfa.
In the construction, the matrix is prepared according to the predetermined material mixing ratio, and the uniformly stirred greening matrix is sprayed onto the fixed long-bag plant growing belt from top to bottom by a wet spraying machine, wherein the thickness of the spraying matrix is 10 mm.
The spraying machine can adopt a high-power air compressor (15-17 m)3) Mechanical equipment such as an air compressor, a spraying machine, a 30KW generator set (if no three-phase alternating current power supply exists), a stirring machine and the like are determined through experiments, and the power and the spraying amount of the air compressor and the spraying machine are determined. The matching of the instrument is the conventional application of a spray seeding instrument, and is used for spray seeding of grass seeds.
7) Covering non-woven fabric
Covering a layer of non-woven fabrics (12 g/m) on the slope surface which finishes spraying grass and irrigating seeds2). The non-woven fabric is covered to keep the water content of the slope and reduce the washing of rainfall to the seeds, so that the seeds are evenly distributed, and when the grass seeds germinate and grow into the lawn and grow to about 5cm, the non-woven fabric is uncovered, so as to prevent the growth of seedlings.
8) Maintenance management
In order to ensure that the planting matrix contains enough moisture, a sprinkling irrigation system is installed and regularly sprays water, preferably the sprinkling irrigation system in Israel, the sprinkling irrigation amount is adjusted by paying attention to the sprinkling irrigation, and the phenomenon that the surface of the matrix is directly washed by large water amount is avoided by using vaporific sprinkling irrigation as much as possible, so that the matrix is prevented from being damaged. And a sunshade net is also needed to be properly arranged to reduce the water evaporation of the slope.
Because the surface layer of the long-bag vegetation zone is additionally provided with the procedure of spraying, sowing and grass planting, the nutrient contained in the matrix in the long-bag vegetation zone is not enough for the shrub seeds and the grass seeds at two positions of the long-bag vegetation zone and the surface of the long-bag vegetation zone to meet the nutrient requirement in the vigorous growing season, and therefore, the foliar fertilization can be properly carried out in the rainy season of the second year after the construction is finished.
The above examples are intended to illustrate the invention in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the practice of the invention be limited to these illustrations. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag plant growth zone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) slope cleaning
Cleaning up impurities on the protective rock surface, removing pumice and loose rocks, washing the slope surface by using high-pressure water, keeping the rock surface at a certain humidity, and leveling and roughening the slope surface to form a natural rough surface;
2) building scaffold
A scaffold with the same height as the slope surface is built on the slope surface, so that the subsequent construction work is facilitated;
3) measuring line
Determining the positions of an anchor rod and a preformed hole according to a drawing, wherein the preformed hole is arrayed on the slope surface in a mode of vertical 1000 mm multiplied by horizontal 400mm, and the anchor rod adopts an L-shaped anchor rod and is used for fixing a long-bag plant growth belt;
4) drilling holes
Drilling at the pre-hole-forming hole position determined on the slope in the step 3) by adopting a drill bit with the outer diameter corresponding to that of the anchor rod;
5) laying long bag plant growing belt and pouring nutrient soil
5.1 laying a whole long-bag plant growth belt with the length 1-2 m longer than the slope surface on the slope surface, and fixing the top end of the long-bag plant growth belt;
5.2 transporting the prepared nutrient soil to the top of the slope, and pouring the nutrient soil into the paved long-bag plant growth belt from top to bottom of the slope, wherein when the length of the paved long-bag plant growth belt is more than 1m, an L-shaped anchor rod prepared in advance penetrates through the long-bag plant growth belt filled with the nutrient soil and is inserted into a corresponding prefabricated hole, and the like, the L-shaped anchor rods are inserted in sequence from bottom to top of the slope, and finally the L-shaped anchor rods are fixed on the top of the slope to finish the paving of the long-bag plant growth belt of the whole slope and the pouring of the nutrient soil;
6) grass seeds for spraying and sowing on surface of long-bag plant growth zone
Spraying the uniformly stirred greening matrix onto the fixed long-bag plant growth belt from top to bottom until the designed thickness reaches 10 mm;
7) covering non-woven fabric
Covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the slope surface on which the spray seeding greening matrix is finished;
8) maintenance management
And (7) periodically carrying out sprinkling irrigation on the slope surface in the step 7).
2. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), the L-shaped anchor rod is subjected to straightening, rust removal and oil removal pretreatment before use.
3. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), after drilling is finished, the rock dust in the hole is blown clean.
4. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5.1, the length of the long-bag plant growth belt is decided at one time according to the length of the slope surface.
5. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5.2, shrub seeds are added into the poured nutrient soil in advance.
6. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 6), the greening matrix comprises organic matters, paper pulp, a pH value regulator, a long-acting slow-release fertilizer, an adhesive, a water-retaining agent, water and grass seeds.
7. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 6, characterized in that: the Chinese herbal seeds of the grass shrub seeds are bermudagrass, and the shrub seeds are robinia pseudoacacia, magnolia multiflora and alfalfa.
8. The ecological protection construction method for the long-bag vegetation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 7), uncovering the non-woven fabric when the grass seeds in the slope greening matrix grow to 4-6 cm.
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