CN105123212B - A kind of method that slope vegetation protection is carried out using vegetable fiber blanket - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for protecting slope vegetation by using plant fiber blankets, which is suitable for filling roadbed slope protection during construction. For unformed slopes, the roadbed is filled layer by layer and the plant fiber is fixed layer by layer. After all the roadbed filling and plant fiber blanket covering are completed, plant seeds are sown on the surface of the plant fiber blanket, covered with thin soil, watered and maintained to form vegetation; for formed slopes, grass seeds are sown on the entire slope, and then covered with plants Fiber blankets and maintenance to build vegetation, through the above methods, can achieve the effect of greening the slope as soon as possible, effectively controlling water and soil loss during the construction period, and enhancing the protection of the slope during the construction period.

Description

A method for protecting slope vegetation by using plant fiber blanket

technical field

The invention relates to a biological protection method for road slopes in the field of road slope protection, in particular to a method for using plant fiber blankets to protect slope vegetation.

Background technique

Water and soil erosion control of road embankment slopes has always been the focus and difficulty of environmental protection during highway construction. The soil disturbance range is large and the soil is loose during the construction period. In many places in my country, the construction period is in the same period as rain and heat. This objectively causes The soil erosion modulus during the construction period is very large, which often leads to huge damage to the surrounding farmland water conservancy facilities, causing rivers, lakes and reservoirs to be silted up by the lost soil in a short period of time, seriously affecting the functions of various water conservancy facilities. play. Therefore, management departments such as the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Water Resources, and the Ministry of Transport all attach great importance to environmental protection and water conservation during the construction period. However, how to promote environmental protection and water conservation often faces many practical difficulties during the highway construction period.

Taking the construction of water and soil conservation measures for roadbed fill slopes as an example, in order to avoid the waste of vegetation restoration projects and reduce the cross-interference between civil engineering and environmental protection engineering construction, the slope water and soil protection is often carried out after the completion of roadbed construction. Maintain the construction of engineering measures and plant measures. These measures can only play a role after the construction is completed. Environmental and water protection measures during the construction period are often faced with a vacuum. Especially in the construction of roads in my country's vast plains, such problems are faced.

Foreign countries started earlier in this aspect, paid more attention to it, and were supported by relevant administrative measures, legal systems, and procedural norms. They mainly emphasized strict control of the exposed time of slopes, and adopted various rainstorm management measures, such as roadside Sedimentation tanks, infiltration tanks, volatilization tanks, etc., intercept the runoff in the road area and settle the sediment. However, there are not many technologies advanced in this area in China, mainly through the installation of slag-retaining walls, and the removal of silt in the affected reservoir area after the completion of road construction, and dredging of river courses. There are no standardized methods and paradigms for reference.

For a long time, highway vegetation restoration and restoration construction is often carried out after the slope is fully formed. The vegetation constructed during the construction period is often only temporary vegetation to prevent water and soil erosion, and it needs to be cleaned after the construction is completed, which also causes great waste.

In recent years, some enterprises in my country have introduced related equipment from abroad and started to produce plant fiber blankets, thus beginning to use plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation greening. Plant fiber blankets use natural plant fiber materials such as coconut shreds and straw, and can be used as needed Plant seeds, fertilizers, soil and other materials are mixed, and these materials are pressed into blankets at one time through specific mechanical equipment to form blanket rolls of specific thickness wrapped by double-layer rope nets. It has the advantages of rapid construction, prevention and control of water and soil erosion, rapid greening, dust prevention, and ecological degradability. It has many outstanding functions in slope vegetation restoration. After realizing factory production in China, it was quickly promoted in Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places in my country, and was widely used in abandoned mine treatment and highway slope protection vegetation restoration. . In engineering practice, the required plant combination is sown on the slope first, and then the blanket is covered on the slope to prevent soil erosion and provide shelter for plant emergence and growth. But the use of plant fiber blankets still has the following problems:

1. The test results show that the coverage of plant fiber blankets will hinder the emergence of herbaceous and woody plants to a certain extent. Plant fiber blankets have a stronger hindering effect on the emergence and growth of dicotyledonous shrubs than on needle-like grasses.

2. After the vegetation on the side slope of the road is built, the vegetation on the upper side of the slope often interferes with the driving line of sight and affects the safety of driving on the road due to its high growth. For this reason, more energy is often invested in the maintenance of tall plants on the uphill Pruning and cleaning work.

3. In the construction process of road subgrade engineering, heavy rain or even rainstorm is often faced, which not only causes huge soil erosion and damage on the slope, but also often further increases the erosion of the slope due to the large amount of rainwater formed on the slope. The workload of filling and repairing the slope is relatively large.

4. During the maintenance of roadbed vegetation, it is often faced with the contradiction between maximizing the water and soil conservation benefits of vegetation and preventing vegetation from interfering with driving sight, especially under the uniform greening of the entire slope, the uniformity of vegetation It is better, but the distribution of taller shrub vegetation in the upper layer will undoubtedly cause greater interference to driving; the fierce competition of herbs in the grass-shrub mixed community often leads to the failure of the establishment of shrubs, which affects the sustainable effect of vegetation.

5. In the maintenance process of roadbed vegetation, it is often faced with the contradiction between maximizing the water and soil conservation benefits of vegetation and preventing vegetation from interfering with driving sight. It is better, but the distribution of taller shrub vegetation in the upper layer will undoubtedly cause greater interference to driving; the fierce competition of herbs in the grass-shrub mixed community often leads to the failure of the establishment of shrubs, which affects the sustainable effect of vegetation.

6. Plant fiber blankets are generally used as a covering material when greening slope vegetation, that is, after the slope is formed, it is leveled, seeds are planted, and plant fiber blankets are spread to cover the slope until the vegetation is fully grown. lawn. The disadvantages of this construction process are:

(1) The plant fiber blanket is covered after the slope is fully formed, and there is a lack of protection measures for the slope during the filling process, so that the slope is greatly affected by rainfall erosion and wind erosion during the construction period, and the slope soil loss is more , affect the stability of the slope; at the same time, it is also prone to dust on the construction site, affecting the air quality of the surrounding environment.

(2) Since it is necessary to sow seeds on the slope first, and then cover the fiber blanket, and the seed sowing needs to be carried out in the adaptation season of plant growth, this makes the covering of the plant fiber blanket only in the season suitable for greening, so that the greening project The progress of the construction work is concentrated in the growing season suitable for plants, resulting in rush work and reduced construction efficiency, and it is also not conducive to quality management and control.

(3) Since the dense fibers formed by the plant fiber blanket from shredded coconut and rice straw have a certain hindering effect on the emergence and growth of shrub seeds, when the seeds are only spread under the plant fiber blanket, the fiber blanket will have a certain impact on the establishment of the shrub. influences.

(4) The plant fiber blanket slope protection greening operation is out of touch with the design of drainage, soil retention, and water retention of the main project construction, causing the road construction water and operating materials to easily roll down to the slope, affecting the growth of slope vegetation; at the same time, In the rainy season, there will be pavement drainage directly discharged to scour the slope, and the soil under the plant fiber blanket will be emptied, affecting the effect of vegetation slope protection. In view of this situation, the designer of the present invention is based on rich practical experience and professional knowledge engaged in the design and manufacture of this type of product for many years, and cooperates with the application of academic theory, actively researches and innovates, seeks a kind of environment-friendly roadbed filling construction method, maximizes the Reduce soil and water loss during the construction period, build the most ideal vegetation community structure type, and continue to study, design, improve, and repeatedly improve and improve in practice, and finally propose a perfect roadbed construction using plant fiber blankets for slopes Methods of vegetation protection.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the existing plant fiber blanket slope protection and greening method, and provide a new method of using plant fiber blanket for slope vegetation protection. The technical problem to be solved is to make the edge The slope is stable and the soil and water conservation is good, which is very suitable for practical use.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection. The technical problem to be solved is to make it possible to carry out construction in all seasons of the year on the one hand. During the non-growing season of plants, the method of covering the plant fiber blanket first is used to provide real-time protection for the slope, so as to truly achieve "the loess does not face the sky"; in the season when the rainy and hot conditions are suitable for plant growth, the surface of the plant fiber blanket is covered. Spraying or spreading operations, so that the progress of the project can be effectively distributed in various seasons, which is conducive to construction quality and progress management control, so it is more suitable for practical use.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, which can fill a layer of roadbed, cover and green a layer of slope, the technical problem to be solved is to make It can also build vegetation in real time during the subgrade filling process, and set up a water retaining wall on the side of the subgrade above the slope, and set up a longitudinal temporary rapid flow trough on the slope surface to effectively remove rainwater from the road surface and prevent runoff from the road surface. The erosion caused by the surface, while avoiding the pollution of the road surface construction water and operating materials to the slope surface, to achieve effective greening and beautification of the slope surface, so as to provide all-round and whole-process slope protection during the roadbed filling process, so as to be more suitable practical.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, which can choose to sow grass seeds under the plant fiber blankets, and sow shrubs above the laid plant fiber blankets. It is also possible to sow herbs and shrubs separately on different subgrade filling layers. The technical problem to be solved is to prevent the shrub seeds sown above from being hindered by the fiber layer of the plant fiber blanket, or to avoid the occurrence of herb and shrub seeding in the same layer. Intense competition is conducive to the establishment of shrubs, and the unity of short-term and long-term effects of vegetation is realized, which is more suitable for practical use and has industrial utilization value.

The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions. According to the method proposed by the present invention, which is applicable to the protection of filling roadbed slopes, a method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection is to divide the filling roadbed slopes into two categories, one of which is the completed roadbed filling The other type is the unformed slope with unfinished subgrade filling. The vegetation protection method for the unformed slope slope is to fill the subgrade layer by layer and spread and fix the plant fiber blanket layer by layer. After filling all roadbeds and covering with plant fiber blankets, sow plant seeds on the surface of the plant fiber blankets, cover with thin soil, water and maintain vegetation; the method for vegetation protection on the formed side slope adopts the method of planting grass seeds on the whole slope, and then Cover with plant fiber blanket and maintain established vegetation. Through the above method, the effect of greening the slope surface as soon as possible, effectively controlling the water and soil loss during the construction period, and enhancing the protection of the slope during the construction period can be achieved.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, wherein in the slope vegetation protection method for unformed slopes, a plurality of Rapid troughs, the layout spacing and position of these rapid troughs refer to the spacing and position of permanent rapid troughs on the subgrade. These rapid troughs are covered with plastic cloth or film to prevent the water in the troughs from infiltrating and soaking the underlying soil. The upper sides of these rapid troughs are directly connected The filled roadbed surface is used to concentrate road runoff and construction water, and discharge it from the roadbed to prevent pollution and erosion on the slope; in areas with little rainfall, plant fiber blankets are directly laid in the rapid flow trough, and the forming edge In the slope vegetation protection method, the slope rapid flow trough is also set.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, wherein in the slope vegetation protection method for unformed slopes, when filling each layer of roadbed, one or both sides of the layer of roadbed should be filled. Temporary water-retaining barriers are set up on the subgrade to prevent the rainstorm runoff on the road surface from scouring the under-blanket, empty the soil under the blanket, and prevent the soil from sliding down to cover the slope during the construction of the upper-layer subgrade. The water-retaining barrier is a filled soil ridge. The soil ridge is 30cm high, the top width is 30cm, and the slope is 1:1.5. The soil ridge is poured and rolled on the inside of the soil ridge to reduce water penetration into the soil ridge. At the same time, the side of the soil ridge close to the roadbed side slope is also covered with plastic cloth to reduce water flow. seepage, and at the same time, the soil ridge can also play the role of guiding water flow, leading the water flow to the rapid flow groove provided on the slope surface; in the method for protecting vegetation on the slope surface of the formed slope, a water retaining wall is also set.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, wherein in the unformed slope slope vegetation protection method, the layer-by-layer paving roadbed is spread on the slope to fix the plant fiber blanket The paving is based on the design length of the slope to determine the cutting length of the plant fiber blanket roll, and considering that the covering length of the slope foot and the slope top platform is not less than 20cm, the slope should be leveled before spreading the plant fiber blanket, and the slope must be ensured. The soil has a certain degree of compactness. Unroll the plant fiber blanket from bottom to top and ensure that it fits closely with the soil on the slope; The plant fiber blanket roll is fixed on the top of the slope with wooden stakes, and the rolled plant fiber blanket is fixed with U-shaped iron nails. In order to expand the force-bearing surface, U-shaped iron nails are used to press two crossed wooden sticks or wooden Chopsticks, firmly fixed on the compact soil; the plant fiber blanket at the bottom of the slope should be laid on the plane extending to the bottom of the slope, so that the entire plant fiber blanket is close to the soil surface and in a semi-tight state to avoid suspension. The surface of the plant fiber blanket is kept flat without any wrinkles; the joints of the two plant fiber blankets should be overlapped and overlapped. Surface vegetation protection method, but only needs to be spread and fixed once.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, wherein the length of the U-shaped iron nail depends on the soil structure of the slope surface, the diameter of the U-shaped iron nail is Φ≥2.5mm, and the U-shaped iron nail The nails can be of round head, square head, etc., the wire diameter is greater than 2.2mm; the length of a single leg is greater than 6cm; the distance between the two legs of the U-shaped iron nail is greater than 5cm, and the surface is galvanized; Not less than 3 per square meter, and at least 10cm of superimposition is required at the overlap of the plant fiber blankets, and densely arranged if necessary; for the fully formed slope, when laying the top of the slope, the top Roll it up and bury it about 20cm underground, and fix it firmly with anchors.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets to protect slope vegetation, wherein the plant fiber blanket rolls and water retaining walls should use plastic cloth or film to cover the unexpanded plant fiber blanket rolls and the water retaining walls. The water-retaining wall is covered to prevent rainwater from wetting the blanket roll or scouring the water-retaining wall.

The aforementioned method for protecting slope vegetation by using a plant fiber blanket, wherein the sowing of plant seeds on the surface of the plant fiber blanket can be carried out by sowing and spraying; Spread the soil from the ridge to the entire slope, so that the surface of the fiber blanket is covered with a layer of 1-2cm soil to prevent the seeds from being eaten by birds and to make the seeds fully contact with the soil. Make the surface soil, plant fiber blanket, and subsoil closely together.

Aforesaid method of using plant fiber blanket to protect slope vegetation, wherein the plant fiber blanket used in the method of forming slope vegetation protection is to combine seeds or seeds with soil, organic substrate materials Mix them together completely and process them into the interlayer of plant fiber blankets, then spread and fix the plant fiber blankets with seeds or seeds and soil and organic substrate materials directly on the slope at one time, and then carry out normal maintenance Work until the grass and shrubs are fully grown and cover the ground. During the laying and fixing process, it should be laid from top to bottom.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, wherein the plant fiber blankets with seeds or seeds, soil, and organic substrate materials are directly spread and fixed on the slope at one time, and then cutting shrubs or planting shrubs Seedling.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, wherein in the slope vegetation protection method for shaped slopes, plant seeds are planted first, and then the sequence of covering and fixing the plant fiber blankets is exchanged, that is, covering first And fix the plant fiber blanket, and then plant the plant seeds.

The aforementioned method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, in the process of spreading and fixing plant fiber blankets on the subgrade slope, using the time and space differences of different filling layers of the subgrade, nesting at different time nodes , different slope positions, the herb and shrub seeds that need to be planted under the plant fiber blanket and on the blanket design, to achieve the purpose of adjusting the vegetation community structure built by the plant fiber blanket, the specific methods are as follows:

In the described unformed side slope slope vegetation protection method, after the water retaining wall of each layer of roadbed is completed, grass seeds are sown on the filled roadbed side slope, and after the previous layer of roadbed is completed Sow grass seeds layer by layer. After the plant fiber blanket is spread and fixed, sow shrub seeds or grass-shrub mixed seeds on the plant fiber blanket, so that the emergence of shrub seeds will not be affected by the plant fiber blanket. The competition of herbaceous plants finally achieves the purpose of achieving the smooth construction of shrubs; or sow shrubs on the slope of the subgrade that has been filled in the lower part, and sow grass seeds after the completion of the upper embankment close to the design height, so that the shrubs are more concentrated in the The middle and lower part of the slope, while the upper layer is distributed with low herbaceous vegetation, so that the planted vegetation has good water and soil conservation performance, and some plants on the slope grow too high, which will not affect the driving sight of the road.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. It has at least the following advantages:

(1) the present invention adopts to sow vegetation after first covering the fiber blanket and suitably cover with soil, the overall coverage degree of the plant and the vegetation coverage degree of first sowing the plant and then covering the fiber blanket have no significant difference in the quality of building a flat, so the present invention first according to The construction progress uses fiber blankets to fully cover the slope. After the subgrade filling and civil engineering construction is completed, the plant fiber blanket covering on the slope surface is completely completed, and then all grass seeds are uniformly sown to ensure the building effect of the vegetation.

(2) Since the plant fiber blanket has a stronger hindrance to the emergence and growth of dicotyledonous shrubs than for the grasses of the needle-like leaves, the present invention makes full use of this growth difference of plant seeds. Only sow herb seeds before covering, and then sow shrub seeds after covering with plant fiber blanket; or sow herb and shrub seeds before covering, and add some shrub seeds after covering, so as to promote the establishment of shrubs.

(3) The present invention utilizes the characteristics of roadbed layered filling, plant fiber blanket layered coverage, and plant seed layered sowing. In the arrangement of slope vegetation, the taller shrub seeds that grow are mainly sown in the bottom of the slope. Only the lower growing grass species are sown on the upper slope to establish a stratified community, which can achieve a minimum degree of maintenance.

(4) The present invention is effective by building a temporary water-retaining wall in the construction of each layer of roadbed, or by directly fixing the plant fiber blanket roll that is not fully spread out on the slope top, and wrapping it with an impermeable plastic cloth. Diversion, reducing infiltration, and directing the rainwater on the top of the slope to the temporary drainage ditch can greatly enhance the protective effect of the slope and reduce the erosion of the slope during the construction period.

(5) The present inventor makes full use of the technical characteristics of layered roadbed construction and the influence characteristics of plant fiber blanket covering on the emergence of vegetation, and proposes the phases of lower slope shrub+upper slope grass seed, herb under the plant fiber blanket+shrub under the plant fiber blanket The combined community planting technology makes up for the shortcomings of the previous vegetation community planting and achieves the greatest degree of ecological benefits.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable , the following special preferred embodiments are described in detail as follows.

Detailed ways

In order to further elaborate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the specific implementation steps of a method for using plant fiber blankets to protect slope vegetation according to the present invention will be described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments. , features and their effects are described in detail below.

A method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection in a preferred embodiment of the present invention divides the filled embankment slope into two types, one is the formed slope that has completed the embankment filling, and the other is the unfinished embankment slope. For unformed slopes filled with subgrades, the vegetation protection method for unformed slopes is to fill the subgrade layer by layer and spread plant fiber blankets layer by layer. Sow grass seeds on the surface, cover with thin soil, water and maintain the built vegetation; for the vegetation protection method on the formed slope, sow grass seeds on the whole slope, then cover the plant fiber blanket and maintain the built vegetation. Through this method, the effects of greening the slope surface as soon as possible, effectively controlling soil erosion during the construction period, and enhancing the protection of the slope during the construction period are achieved.

Example 1:

According to a preferred first embodiment of the present invention, a method of using plant fiber blankets for slope vegetation protection, the method for the slope vegetation protection of unformed slopes is to carry out the filling construction of each layer of roadbed at the same time, and cover the vegetation with plant fibers at the same time. Blanket, that is to complete a layer of roadbed filling construction, complete a section of plant fiber blanket spreading and fixing construction, and supporting temporary drainage facility extension work, after all the roadbed filling construction and drainage facility construction are completed, then sow seeds on the surface of the plant fiber blanket, In order to achieve the purpose of building an ecological protection foundation on the roadbed slope during the roadbed filling process, the specific steps include:

Step 1: Set up a temporary rapid trough and cover it with film

A number of temporary rapid troughs are vertically arranged on the slope of the bottom subgrade that has been filled. The layout spacing and position of the temporary rapid troughs refer to the standard setting of the permanent rapid troughs of the subgrade. The temporary rapid troughs are covered The plastic sheet or film prevents the water in the tank from seeping down and soaking the underlying soil. The temporary torrent tank goes straight to the filled roadbed surface to concentrate the road surface runoff and construction water, and discharge it out of the roadbed to prevent pollution and erosion of the slope. . In areas with little rainfall, plant fiber blankets can also be directly laid in the rapid flow trough.

Step 2: Set up temporary water retaining walls for the subgrade

In order to prevent the rainstorm runoff on the road surface from scouring under the plant fiber blanket, the soil under the plant fiber blanket is hollowed out, and at the same time, it also prevents the soil from sliding down and covering the slope during the construction of the upper roadbed. One or both sides of the roadbed shall be provided with a temporary water-retaining wall. The temporary water-retaining wall is a soil ridge with a height of 30cm, a top width of 30cm, and a slope of 1:1.5. Construction, to reduce water infiltration soil ridge, at the same time, the side of the soil ridge close to the roadbed slope is also covered with plastic cloth to reduce water infiltration, and the soil ridge can also play a role in guiding water flow, guiding the water flow to the rapid flow tank set on the slope surface .

Step 3: Level the slope

Trim the slope, level the slope, and ensure that the soil on the slope has a certain degree of compactness.

Step 4: Spread the plant fiber blanket on the fixed slope

According to the design length of the slope, determine the cutting length of the plant fiber blanket roll, and properly consider that the covering length of the slope foot and the slope top platform is not less than 20cm, and transport it to the construction site in rolls, and do a good job of preventing rain during storage. Unroll the plant fiber blanket roll from bottom to top, and ensure that it fits closely with the soil on the slope, and spread and fix it layer by layer. When laying the plant fiber blanket at the bottom of the subgrade, the plant fiber blanket should be extended to the bottom plane, so that the whole plant fiber blanket is close to the soil surface and in a semi-tight state to avoid suspension, and the plant fiber blanket surface should be kept flat and No wrinkles. The joints of the two blankets are overlapped and overlapped. The length of the U-shaped nails depends on the soil structure of the slope. The recommended diameter is Φ≥2.5mm. The plant fiber blanket is spread and fixed to the outer side of the upper soil ridge of the subgrade. The unexpanded plant fiber blanket roll is fixed on the top of the slope with wooden stakes, and the expanded plant fiber blanket is fixed with U-shaped iron nails. In order to expand the force-bearing surface , U-shaped iron nails can be used to press the two intersecting wooden sticks or wooden chopsticks, and firmly fix them on the compact soil.

U-shaped iron nails adopt round head and square head type, and the wire diameter is greater than 2.2mm. The length of one leg is greater than 6cm, and the distance between the two legs is greater than 5cm, which is galvanized surface.

The U-shaped nails are arranged in the shape of a square, and there are no less than 3 per square meter. There must be at least 10cm of superimposition at the overlap of fiber blankets, and the arrangement should be dense if necessary. For the slope that has been fully formed, it is required to roll back the top of the slope and bury it about 20 cm underground when laying the top of the slope, and fix it firmly with anchors.

Step 5: Vegetable fiber blanket roll and water-retaining membrane

The unexpanded plant fiber blanket rolls and water-retaining walls are covered with plastic cloth or film to prevent rainwater from wetting the blanket rolls or scouring the water-retaining walls.

Step 6: Raise the road base

After the bottom subgrade and the temporary torrent trough, temporary water retaining wall and plant fiber blanket of the subgrade are spread and fixed, the subgrade of the upper layer is paved. In the construction of the upper subgrade after ridging, in order to prevent the upper soil from rolling down and burying the built vegetation during the subgrade filling process and affecting the growth of vegetation, it is necessary to strictly implement the designed side slope slope and side slope width during the subgrade filling process to reduce the filling Soil roll-off caused by insufficient slope width

Step 7: Set up temporary rapids for the upper embankment

After the subgrade construction of the bottom layer is completed, build a temporary rapids trough extending from the subbase layer to the slope of the upper layer of the road base. The construction method is the same as step 1.

Step 8: Set up a temporary water retaining wall for the upper layer of roadbed

After the subgrade construction is completed, carry out temporary water retaining construction on one or both sides of the upper subgrade, and the construction method is the same as step 2.

Step 9: Repair the slope of the upper layer of roadbed. The trimming of the subgrade slope of the previous layer is the same as step 3

Step 10: Spread and fix the plant fiber blanket on the slope of the previous layer of roadbed

The method of spreading and fixing the plant fiber blanket on the slope of the subgrade on the previous layer is the same as step 4.

Step 11: Complete the covering of the upper layer of roadbed and water retaining wall

Same as step 5.

Step 12: Complete the construction of subgrade drainage facilities and plant fiber blankets for each layer

Repeat the above steps until all subgrades are filled, the temporary rapids trough extension of all subgrades is completed, the temporary water retaining walls of all subgrades are extended, and the plant fiber blankets on the slopes of all subgrades are spread and fixed. The blanket roll is fully rolled out. In order to prevent the pollution of the road surface to the slope surface, a temporary water barrier still needs to be set up on the uppermost roadbed. It can be combined with the covering of plant seeds in the later stage, and the planting soil suitable for plant growth can be selected to cover the uppermost layer. Temporary water block.

Step 13: Completion of Permanent Drainage Construction

After the pavement construction is completed, a permanent water retaining curb will be built on the pavement, and the temporary intercepting ditch will be replaced with a permanent rapids trough.

Step 14: Sow Seed on Fiber Blanket Table

After step 12 is completed, sow the seeds immediately, and then sow the seeds on the whole slope. In this project, sowing and spraying operations are adopted to achieve uniformity in the sowing to the greatest extent.

According to the climate and soil characteristics along the line, shrubs and herbaceous plants suitable for local growth are used. The shrubs include amorpha, seabuckthorn, wattle, and two-colored sage. The herbs include alfalfa, sandawang, tall fescue, and wheat grass Planted in the form of grass-shrub mixed sowing.

Step 15: Cover the fiber blanket with thin soil

After the seeds are sown, spread the soil formed by the upper layer of planting soil to the whole slope to cover the surface of the fiber blanket with a layer of 1-2cm soil to prevent the seeds from being pecked by birds and make the plants The purpose of sufficient contact between the seed and the soil. After covering the soil, use a shovel to tap it firmly, so that the surface soil, plant fiber blanket, and lower soil are closely combined, and the vegetation planting construction is completed so far.

Step 16: Watering and maintenance.

Construction in the season of lack of rain, watering operations.

After the water retaining wall of each layer of roadbed is completed, grass seeds are sown on the slope of this layer of roadbed that has been filled. When the previous layer of roadbed is paved, grass seeds are sown layer by layer, and the plant fiber blanket is spread and fixed. Finally, sow shrub seeds or grass-shrub mixed seeds on the plant fiber blanket, so that the emergence of shrub seeds will not be affected by the coverage of plant fiber blankets, and at the same time avoid its competition with herbaceous plants, and finally achieve the purpose of successfully building shrubs; Or sow shrubs on the filled subgrade slope at the lower part, and sow grass seeds after the upper subgrade near the design height is completed, so that the shrubs are more concentrated in the middle and lower parts of the slope, while the upper layer is distributed with low grass vegetation , so that the vegetation to be planted has good water and soil conservation performance, and some plants on the slope grow too high, which will not affect the driving sight of the road.

In the implementation of the above steps, this embodiment is aimed at the area with a high slope length of 5m. In order to promote the establishment of shrubs, after the completion of step 2, grass seeds are sown on the filled roadbed slope, and the plant configuration adopts high Fescue 10g/m ² + brome awnless 5g/m ² + alfalfa 3g/m 2 + corolla 4g/m ² ; and sow the seeds of this herb combination layer by layer in step 11, and in the upper layer in step 14 Sow shrub seeds 5g/m ² of Echinacea dicolor, 5g/m ² of Amorpha fragrans on some slopes, and 10g/m 2 of Elymus 10g/m ² + 3g/m ² of small crown flower + 8g/ m ² + Vitex 5g/m ² + Caragana 5g/m ² mixed grass and shrub seeds, and then sowed shrub seeds, and the grass and shrub mixed community was successfully established. According to subsequent observations, the total vegetation coverage has reached 60%-80%, and in grass-shrub mixed-sowing areas, the shrub density has reached 10-30 plants/m ² , realizing the benefits of soil erosion on the slope.

Example 2

A kind of method that utilizes plant fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection of preferred second embodiment of the present invention, the described method for forming side slope slope vegetation protection is:

Step 1: Land Leveling and Improvement

First trim the side slope, remove construction waste, cut heights and fill in recesses, and remove weeds, so as to achieve the purpose of smooth and not smooth surface, dense soil foundation and proper slope.

For the situation where the soil measurement results are not suitable for plant growth, and the slope with a lot of construction waste and lack of soil needs to be improved, the improvement mainly includes the improvement of soil acidity and alkalinity and the improvement of organic matter content. The soil acidity and alkalinity of each bid section The nature and organic matter content will be different, and the appropriate treatment method should be selected respectively;

The acidity and alkalinity of the soil should be determined by experiments, and different measures should be taken for neutralization and correction for the acidic soil and alkaline soil bid sections. For alkaline soil, the method of acidic fertilizer and gypsum (CaSO ₄ ) should be selected according to the test results Improve soil fertility; for acidic soils, improve by sowing lime;

For soil whose organic matter content does not meet the standard, soil improvement should be carried out. The materials used for soil improvement are peat soil, cultivated soil, disinfectant, nutrient, pH regulator, mycorrhizal agent, water retention agent, organic fertilizer and moisture retention agent; organic matter content Good soil can be slightly adjusted according to the specific situation, evenly spread high-efficiency pesticides on the slope surface to disinfect the soil, and add organic fertilizer at the same time;

Step 2: Plant the Seeds

According to the designed seed ratio, divide the area according to the following sowing methods to control the sowing amount;

The sowing method is to spread the seeds evenly on the slope. The seed sowing is completed with a hand-operated seeder, or by hand, and then covered with iron rakes; for small seeds that are not easy to spread evenly, they can be mixed with sand evenly Then sow, or replace by evenly covering 0.5-1cm thick sand or fine soil after sowing the grass seeds;

The shrubs are sown in holes, that is, hole holes are inserted at a certain density on the slope, the seeds are put in, and buried with soil and sand;

The spraying method is suitable for mixed seeding with many types and a large construction area. This spraying method fully mixes the treated seeds with water retaining agent, fertilizer, water, etc., and adds them to the spraying machine. The order of adding materials is generally: water, Water-retaining agent and binder, fiber, fertilizer, seeds, spray the mixture of seeds and auxiliary materials evenly on the slope, swing the spray gun left and right when spraying, and prevent surface runoff from the sprayed materials.

Step 3: Set up a temporary water barrier

Before laying the plant fiber blanket, a water retaining wall should be added above the slope, so that the water catchment on the road surface can be guided by the water retaining wall and discharged from the rapid flow trough on the slope surface to the outside of the slope. The height is 15cm. After the soil is built, the setting method is the same as in Example 1. The temporary water retaining wall is replaced by setting the water retaining curb after the pavement layer is paved.

Step 4: Cover and Secure the Vegetable Fiber Blanket

The construction process of covering and fixing the plant fiber blanket is the same as that of the unformed slope. When covering and fixing the plant fiber blanket, it is carried out from low to high, or from high to low.

Step 5: Watering and maintenance

After the covering is completed, watering and maintenance are carried out, and the slope constructed in the rainy season may not be watered and maintained.

In the vegetation construction on the slope, four basic vegetation constructions were adopted: planting first and then covering carpet greening, covering first and then sowing carpet greening, interlayer fiber blanket greening, cutting Amorpha fruticosa and sowing grass seeds. vegetation and combinations of many of these vegetation establishment patterns.

1. Sowing first and then covering carpet greening adopts the method of sowing seeds on the flat land first, and then covering the plant fiber blanket after sowing, and then carry out normal maintenance operations until the grass shrubs are fully grown and cover the ground surface. It is used in the method of slope vegetation protection.

2. Covering first and then sowing carpet greening adopts plant fiber blankets on the flat land first, and then sows on the blanket surface and covers a thin layer of soil, and then carries out normal maintenance operations until the grass The shrubs are fully grown and cover the ground.

3. Interlayer carpet greening is to completely mix seeds or seeds with soil, organic substrate and other materials, and process them into the interlayer of plant fiber blankets, and then lay this type of plant fiber blankets directly on the ground at one time. Then carry out normal maintenance operations until the grass and shrubs are fully grown and cover the ground.

4. In the section with high requirements for shrub construction, the method of planting vegetation first sowing and then mulching combined with the method of covering first and then sowing carpet greening was implemented, and Amorpha fruticosa (or planting seedlings) and sowing grass seeds ( For example, the combination of tall fescue + alfalfa) has realized the ecological protection of the slope surface and achieved good ecological effects. Although no watering and maintenance have been carried out after planting, the total vegetation coverage has reached 60%-80%, and the shrub density reaches 10-30 plants/m ² , realizing the benefit of soil erosion on the slope.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field Those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but any content that does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, according to the present invention Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments by the technical essence still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method of using plant fiber blankets to protect slope vegetation, which is suitable for filling embankment slope protection, is characterized in that on the unformed slope surface, the roadbed is filled layer by layer and the plant fiber blanket is fixed layer by layer. After completing all the roadbed filling and plant fiber blanket covering, sow plant seeds on the surface of the plant fiber blanket, cover with thin soil, water and maintain the vegetation; Multiple jet troughs should be arranged longitudinally along the slope surface on the already filled subgrade slope. The layout spacing and position of the multiple jet troughs refer to the spacing and position of the permanent jet troughs on the subgrade. The multiple jet troughs are covered The plastic cloth or film prevents the flowing water in the groove from seeping down and soaking the soil in the lower layer. The upper side of the multiple rapid flow grooves directly leads to the filled roadbed surface to concentrate the road surface runoff and construction water, and discharge it from the roadbed to prevent pollution to the slope surface. and scouring; laying plant fiber blankets directly in the rapids trough in areas with little rainfall; When filling each layer of roadbed, temporary water retaining walls should be set up on one or both sides of the roadbed to prevent the rainstorm runoff on the road surface from scouring under the blanket, empty the soil under the blanket, and prevent the construction of the upper layer of roadbed The middle soil slides down to cover the slope. The water retaining wall is a filled soil ridge. The soil ridge is 30cm high, 30cm wide at the top, and the slope is 1:1.5. The soil is poured and rolled inside the soil ridge to reduce water penetration into the soil. At the same time, the side of the soil ridge close to the side slope of the subgrade is also covered with plastic cloth to reduce the infiltration of water flow. During the covering process of spreading and fixing the plant fiber blanket, the time and space differences of different filling layers of the subgrade are used to design the herbs and shrubs that need to be sown at different time nodes, different slope positions, under the plant fiber blanket and on the blanket. Seeds realize the purpose of regulating the vegetation community structure built by plant fiber blankets, and the specific methods are as follows: After the water retaining wall of each layer of roadbed is completed, grass seeds are sown on the slope of this layer of roadbed that has been filled. When the previous layer of roadbed is paved, grass seeds are sown layer by layer, and the plant fiber blanket is spread and fixed. Finally, sow shrub seeds or grass-shrub mixed seeds on the plant fiber blanket, so that the emergence of shrub seeds will not be affected by the coverage of plant fiber blankets, and at the same time avoid its competition with herbaceous plants, and finally achieve the purpose of successfully building shrubs; Or sow shrubs on the filled subgrade slope at the lower part, and sow grass seeds after the upper subgrade near the design height is completed, so that the shrubs are more concentrated in the middle and lower parts of the slope, while the upper layer is distributed with low grass vegetation , so that the vegetation to be planted has good water and soil conservation performance, and some plants on the slope grow too high, which will not affect the driving line of sight of the road; Through the above method, the effect of greening the slope surface as soon as possible, effectively controlling the water and soil loss during the construction period, and enhancing the protection of the slope during the construction period can be achieved. 2. A kind of method utilizing plant fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in wherein said unformed side slope slope vegetation protection method, described layer-by-layer paving roadbed Spreading the fixed plant fiber blanket on the slope is to determine the cutting length of the plant fiber blanket roll according to the design length of the slope, and considering that the pressing length of the slope foot and the slope top platform is not less than 20cm, before spreading the plant fiber blanket First level the slope and ensure that the soil on the slope has a certain degree of compactness, roll out the plant fiber blanket from bottom to top, and ensure that it fits closely with the soil on the slope; when the plant fiber blanket is rolled to the upper layer of the subgrade temporarily On the outside of the water-retaining wall, fix the unexpanded plant fiber blanket on the top of the slope with wooden stakes, and fix the expanded plant fiber blanket with U-shaped iron nails. In order to expand the force-bearing surface, use U-shaped iron nails to press Hold two intersecting wooden sticks and firmly fix them on the compact soil; the plant fiber blanket at the bottom of the slope should be laid on a plane extending to the bottom of the slope, so that the entire plant fiber blanket is close to the soil surface and half-stretched Tight state, to avoid suspension, the surface of the plant fiber blanket is kept flat, without wrinkles; the junction of the two plant fiber blankets should be overlapped and overlapped. 3. A kind of method utilizing plant fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described plant fiber blanket roll and water-retaining wall, should adopt plastic cloth or film to unstretched all The plant fiber blanket roll and the water retaining wall are covered to prevent rainwater from wetting the blanket roll or scouring the water retaining wall. 4. a kind of method utilizing plant fiber blanket to carry out slope vegetation protection according to claim 1, is characterized in that when planting plant seeds on the plant fiber blanket surface, sowing and spraying are adopted; after the plant seeds are sown, the The water-retaining fence formed by the upper layer of planting soil, that is, the soil of the soil ridge, is spread to the entire slope, so that the surface of the fiber blanket is covered with a layer of 1-2cm soil, which prevents the seeds from being pecked by birds and fully contacts the seeds with the soil. Purpose: After covering the soil, use a shovel to pat it firmly, so that the surface soil, plant fiber blanket, and lower soil are closely combined.