CN113207771A - Multiple amino acid calcium culture solution for culturing pearls - Google Patents
Multiple amino acid calcium culture solution for culturing pearls Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207771A CN113207771A CN202110498282.2A CN202110498282A CN113207771A CN 113207771 A CN113207771 A CN 113207771A CN 202110498282 A CN202110498282 A CN 202110498282A CN 113207771 A CN113207771 A CN 113207771A
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
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- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- TTWYZDPBDWHJOR-IDIVVRGQSA-L adenosine triphosphate disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O TTWYZDPBDWHJOR-IDIVVRGQSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YVBGRQLITPHVOP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;[hydroxy-[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxyphosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)([O-])=O YVBGRQLITPHVOP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylphosphoric acid Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
- A01K61/57—Pearl seeds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-amino acid calcium cultivating liquid for cultivating pearls, which comprises the steps of preparing pearl calcium; preparing various amino acids; preparing disodium adenosine triphosphate; preparing various amino acid calcium culture solutions and the like. The multiple amino acid calcium cultivating liquid is prepared from pearl calcium fine powder, multiple amino acid powder, adenosine disodium triphosphate powder and clean seawater, wherein calcium and amino acid in the raw materials can generate chelation reaction under a weak acid condition to generate amino acid calcium chelate so as to improve the solubility of calcium in water. In the process of culturing pearls, the invention utilizes the life law of pearl shells, naturally combines various amino acid calcium culture solutions with the pearl shells in a harmonious environment, and after the pearl shells are cultured in a natural culture environment, the pearls grow along with the growth of the pearl shells to form a plurality of seedless pearls and reach the medicinal standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-amino acid calcium culture solution for culturing pearls, belonging to the technical field of pearl culture.
Background
The traditional artificial cultured pearl is mainly cultured in a suitable culture farm after nucleus insertion, so that the pearl shell secretes a pearl layer to wrap the pearl nucleus to form the pearl, and the longer the growth time is, the thicker the pearl layer is. However, the artificial cultivation method for nucleus insertion has many disadvantages, firstly, the upper and lower shells of the pearl oyster need to be manually separated during nucleus insertion, and then the pearl nucleus is inserted into the nucleus position in the pearl oyster body, which can certainly cause the injury of the pearl oyster, the injured pearl oyster needs to be recovered to grow, a foreign matter is inserted into one pearl oyster, which can certainly generate rejection reaction, and pearl spitting is the specific behavior of the rejection reaction of the pearl oyster, therefore, the artificial cultivation method for pearl by the traditional nucleus insertion method has low survival rate, high pearl spitting rate and low pearl containing rate. In addition, the pearl nucleus inserted artificial cultured pearl cannot meet the requirement of medicinal pearls because of the pearl nucleus. In recent years, a method for cultivating a seedless pearl by injecting cellular fluid prepared from cell tissues of a pearl oyster into an outer permeable membrane in the pearl oyster is disclosed, but the method also needs to artificially separate an upper shell and a lower shell of the pearl oyster to inject the cellular fluid into the pearl oyster, so that the pearl oyster is injured, the survival rate is only as low as 60-70% and the pearl content is only as low as 75-80% during cultivation in a normal farm. In addition, this breeding method is considered to be one of surgical operations. How to cultivate pearls suitable for being used as medicines and avoiding the insurmountable problem existing at present is an important subject in the pearl cultivation industry, and the technical problem can be well solved by providing a plurality of amino acid calcium culture solutions for cultivating pearls, which are used for cultivating pearls to enable pearl shells to naturally accumulate nacre crystals secreted by the pearl shells to form seedless pearls in a harmonious state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-amino acid calcium culture solution for culturing pearls, which is used as a growth promoting substance for culturing natural medicinal pearls and is used for culturing pearls, so that pearl shells naturally grow into nucleus-free pearls which do not contain pearl nuclei and meet medicinal standards under the condition of no injury.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical measures: a multi-amino acid calcium cultivating liquid for cultivating pearls is prepared from the following raw materials and methods:
the formula of raw materials comprises:
7-10 parts of pearl calcium fine powder, 06-1 parts of various amino acid powder, 0.1-0.3 part of disodium adenosine triphosphate powder and 200 parts of clean seawater;
(II) preparation methods of various amino acid calcium culture solutions:
(1) the preparation method of the pearl calcium fine powder comprises the following steps:
grinding the rough shell of the pearl shell to remove, only taking a shell attaching layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm on the inner layer of the pearl shell, crushing the shell attaching layer into fine powder of 80-100 meshes, calcining the fine powder for 3-5 hours in an electric heating calcining furnace at the temperature of 450-500 ℃, taking out the calcined fine powder, drying the calcined fine powder to 25-30 ℃, and crushing the dried fine powder for the second time into fine powder of 200-300 meshes to obtain fine powder of pearl calcium for later use;
(2) preparing various amino acid powders:
taking methionine, tryptophan, leucine, threonine, lysine and cysteine according to the ratio of 2: 1.5: 3: 1: 2.5: 3, uniformly mixing and stirring the multiple kinds of amino acid powder to obtain multiple kinds of amino acid powder for later use;
(3) preparing disodium adenosine triphosphate:
taking the disodium adenosine triphosphate tablets, and crushing into fine powder of 200 meshes and 300 meshes to obtain disodium adenosine triphosphate powder for later use;
(4) preparing various amino acid calcium culture solutions:
according to the proportion of the raw materials, firstly, a plurality of amino acid powders and adenosine disodium triphosphate powder are uniformly mixed, 1/2 clean seawater is added to dissolve the plurality of amino acid powders, the adenosine disodium triphosphate powder and the mixture in the clean seawater, then pearl calcium fine powder is added, the mixture is stirred uniformly and then stands for 1 hour, then 1/2 clean seawater is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a plurality of amino acid calcium culture solutions.
The invention adopting the measures is characterized in that the multiple amino acid calcium culture solution is prepared from pearl calcium fine powder, multiple amino acid powder, adenosine disodium triphosphate powder and clean seawater, calcium and amino acid in the raw materials can generate chelation reaction under weak acid condition to generate amino acid calcium chelate so as to improve the solubility of calcium in water, and although the chelation reaction in the invention is slight, the amino acid calcium chelate is enough to promote the formation and growth of pearls in pearl shells. In various amino acid calcium culture solutions, the raw material methionine can participate in protein synthesis, promote the growth of pearl shells and the growth of pearls, and resist the damage of synthetic proteins caused by insufficient methionine. Tryptophan is auxin in animals and plants, an important precursor substance for biosynthesis and also participates in the growth process of the pearl oyster. Threonine can adjust the amino acid balance of the pearl growth environment and promote the growth of pearl shells. Lysine is one of essential amino acids in pearl oyster, and can promote the development of pearl oyster. Lysine is a basic essential amino acid. Can promote growth of pearl oyster and enhance disease resistance of pearl oyster. Cysteine is an amino acid existing in organism, contains sulfur, has good antioxidation effect, and also has effects of promoting growth of pearl oyster and promoting growth of pearl. The disodium adenosine triphosphate in the raw material is a coenzyme, is a nucleotide derivative and participates in the metabolism of fat, protein, sugar, nucleic acid and nucleotide in the pearl oyster body, and the adenosine triphosphate is decomposed into adenosine diphosphate and phosphate in the process, and simultaneously releases energy, so that the growth of the pearl oyster and the growth of the pearl can be promoted.
In the process of cultivating the pearl, the shell of the pearl shell does not need to be separated, the life law of the pearl shell is only utilized, a plurality of amino acid calcium cultivating solutions and the pearl shell are naturally combined in a harmonious environment, after the pearl shell combined by the amino acid calcium cultivating solutions and the pearl shell is cultivated in a natural cultivation environment, the tissues in the pearl shell are inoculated and secrete nacreous crystals, the crystals are accumulated to grow into the pearl without the pearl nucleus, the pearl grows along with the growth of the pearl shell, a plurality of non-nucleus pearls are formed in the pearl shell, and the pharmaceutical standard without impurities can be achieved.
Detailed Description
Preparation of pearl calcium in examples of the invention:
grinding the coarse shell of the pearl shell by a grinding machine to remove the coarse shell of the pearl shell, only taking a shell attaching layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm on the inner layer of the pearl shell, crushing the shell attaching layer into 80-100 meshes of fine powder, calcining the fine powder on the inner layer of the pearl shell in an electric heating calcining furnace at the temperature of 450-500 ℃ for 3-5 hours, taking out, airing, and carrying out secondary crushing at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ into 200-mesh 300-mesh fine powder to obtain pearl calcium fine powder for later use;
preparation of various amino acid powders in the examples of the present invention:
methionine, tryptophan, leucine, threonine, lysine and cysteine in a ratio of 2: 1.5: 3: 1: 2.5: 3, uniformly mixing and stirring the multiple kinds of amino acid powder to obtain multiple kinds of amino acid powder for later use;
the preparation of clean seawater in the embodiment of the invention:
taking seawater from sea 2000-5000 m away from coast, filtering the seawater with sand filter to obtain seawater with salinity specific gravity of 1.022-1.025, and collecting clean seawater.
Example 1
Firstly, raw material formula:
70 kg of pearl calcium fine powder, 6 kg of various amino acid powder, 1 kg of disodium adenosine triphosphate powder and 1500 kg of clean seawater;
according to the raw material proportion, a plurality of amino acid culture solutions with larger amount can be prepared according to requirements;
secondly, the preparation method of the multiple amino acid culture solution comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing a plurality of amino acid powders and adenosine disodium triphosphate powder, adding 1/2 clean seawater to dissolve the plurality of amino acid powders, the adenosine disodium triphosphate powder and the mixture in the clean seawater, then adding pearl calcium fine powder, uniformly stirring, standing for 1 hour, adding 1/2 clean seawater, and uniformly stirring to obtain a plurality of amino acid culture solutions;
the invention is used as follows:
taking 1000 kg of mature healthy pearl oyster, cutting off touch wires of shells of the pearl oyster, placing the pearl oyster in a room temperature of 25-30 ℃ for drying for 60 minutes, keeping body fluid in the pearl oyster in order to avoid dehydration by the pearl oyster, closing the upper and lower shells tightly, which is the self-protection behavior of the pearl oyster, then placing the pearl oyster in 3000-5000 kg of calcium amino acid culture solution for soaking for 30-40 minutes, when the pearl oyster is placed in the calcium amino acid culture solution, naturally opening the upper and lower shells by the pearl oyster in order to supplement water lost in a dry state, manually or mechanically stirring the calcium amino acid culture solution soaked with the pearl oyster every 3-5 minutes to form a state similar to sea tide surge, and enabling the calcium amino acid culture solution to enter tissues of the pearl oyster from gaps of the opened shells, combining with cell tissue of pearl shell, taking out pearl shell, drying at 25-30 deg.C for 60 min, soaking in amino acid calcium culture solution for 30-40 min, repeating the above steps for three times, taking out and drying for 1 hr, placing in a field, and culturing for 1-3 years.
Example 2
Firstly, raw material formula:
90 kg of pearl calcium fine powder, 10 kg of various amino acid powder, 2 kg of adenosine disodium triphosphate powder and 2000 kg of clean seawater;
secondly, the preparation method of the multiple amino acid culture solution comprises the following steps:
same as example 1;
the method of use of this example is the same as example 1.
Example 3
Firstly, raw material formula:
80 kg of pearl calcium fine powder, 8 kg of various amino acid powder, 1.5 kg of disodium adenosine triphosphate powder and 1800 kg of clean seawater;
secondly, the preparation method of the multiple amino acid culture solution comprises the following steps:
same as example 1;
the method of use of this example is the same as example 1.
Example 4
This example is an application example of the present invention, and in this example, the present invention obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 is used as the pre-treatment for artificial cultivation of pearl oyster and cultivation of seedless pearl, specifically, 1000 kg of each of the pearl oyster obtained by absorbing various kinds of calcium amino acid culture solutions with the in vivo tissue obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 are respectively placed in a conventional pearl farm in the same sea area for conventional cultivation, and the pearl oyster cultivated by conventional nucleus insertion is also placed in a farm in the same environment for cultivation under the same conditions, and comparison is performed. The pearl oyster cultured by inserting the nucleus conventionally refers to pearl nucleus which is formed by processing shells of fresh water pearl oysters, the upper shells and the lower shells of the pearl oysters are separated by a pearl oyster shell separating device, then the pearl nucleus is inserted into a nucleus position of the pearl oysters, and then the pearl oysters cultured in a seawater culture farm are placed after the wounds of the pearl oysters are recovered. The throwing time is 4 months and 3 days in 2018, the throwing sea area is the sea area of northern gulf close to the northern sea of Guangxi, the tidal ranges of the farms are 3000 meters away from the coast when the tides of the farms are in the ebb, the first harvesting time is 5 months and 10 days in 2019, and the second harvesting time is 4 months and 6 days in 2021. In the whole breeding process, the feed is not needed to be fed, and only typhoon and pest attack are needed to be prevented, which belong to a link in the traditional breeding method and belong to the rare aspect of the prior art. The area of the pearl oyster shells of example 1 was marked as area No. 1, the area of the pearl oyster shells of example 2 was marked as area No. 2, the area of the pearl oyster shells of example 1 was marked as area No. 3, and the area of the pearl oyster shells with nucleus inserted therein was marked as area No. 0. In the pearl shells harvested in 2019, 5, 10 and 10 days, 200 pearl shells are randomly extracted from each area to detect the survival rate, pearl content, average hundred-particle weight and average number of the pearls, and the following data are obtained:
region 0: the survival rate of pearl oyster is 23%, the pearl content is 75%, the average weight of hundred beads (not shown in the figure because of the weight of the pearl nucleus contained therein) and the average number of beads per pearl oyster is 0.75.
The survival rate of the pearl oyster in the No. 1 area is 62.6%, the pearl content is 100%, the average weight of hundred beads is 2.62 g, and the average number of beads in each pearl oyster is 2.84.
Region 2: the survival rate of pearl oyster is 68%, the pearl content is 100%, the average hundred-bead weight is 2.76 g, and the average number of beads in each pearl oyster is 3.17.
Region 3: the survival rate of the pearl oyster is 73 percent, the pearl content is 100 percent, the average hundred-bead weight is 2.7 grams, and the average number of beads in each pearl oyster is 3.6.
In the pearl shells harvested at 6/4/2021, 200 pearl shells are randomly selected from each area to detect the survival rate, pearl content, average pearl weight and average pearl number of the pearl shells, and the following data are obtained:
region 0: the survival rate of pearl oyster is 41%, pearl content is 69%, average weight of hundred beads (not shown in the figure because of the weight of the pearl nucleus contained therein), and average number of beads per pearl oyster is 0.69.
Region 1: the survival rate of the pearl oyster is 68.6 percent, the pearl content is 100 percent, the average weight of hundred beads is 3.53 g, and the average number of beads in each pearl oyster is 4.06.
Region 2: the survival rate of pearl oyster is 83.7%, the pearl content is 100%, the average weight of hundred beads is 3.72 g, and the average number of beads in each pearl oyster is 4.72.
Region 3: the survival rate of pearl oyster is 87%, the pearl content is 100%, the average weight of hundred beads is 3.86 g, and the average number of beads in each pearl oyster is 4.88.
The data show that the indexes of the pearl oyster cultured for one year are greatly different from those of the pearl oyster cultured for three years, and the indexes are different from the Japanese; compared with the pearl oyster cultured by the method, the survival rate, the pearl content and the average bead number XX in each pearl oyster have great differences, which illustrates the technical advantages of the method. Compared with the implementation processes of the embodiments 1 to 3, the implementation method of the embodiment 3 has better effect, so that the method of the invention has wide prospect and is worthy of popularization.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-amino acid calcium culture solution for culturing pearls is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials by the following method:
the formula of raw materials comprises:
7-10 parts of pearl calcium fine powder, 06-1 parts of various amino acid powder, 0.1-0.3 part of disodium adenosine triphosphate powder and 200 parts of clean seawater;
(II) preparation methods of various amino acid calcium culture solutions:
(1) the preparation method of the pearl calcium fine powder comprises the following steps:
grinding the rough shell of the pearl shell to remove, only taking a shell attaching layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm on the inner layer of the pearl shell, crushing the shell attaching layer into fine powder of 80-100 meshes, calcining the fine powder for 3-5 hours in an electric heating calcining furnace at the temperature of 450-500 ℃, taking out the calcined fine powder, drying the calcined fine powder to 25-30 ℃, and crushing the dried fine powder for the second time into fine powder of 200-300 meshes to obtain fine powder of pearl calcium for later use;
(2) preparing various amino acid powders:
taking methionine, tryptophan, leucine, threonine, lysine and cysteine according to the ratio of 2: 1.5: 3: 1: 2.5: 3, uniformly mixing and stirring the multiple kinds of amino acid powder to obtain multiple kinds of amino acid powder for later use;
(3) preparing disodium adenosine triphosphate:
taking the disodium adenosine triphosphate tablets, and crushing into fine powder of 200 meshes and 300 meshes to obtain disodium adenosine triphosphate powder for later use;
(4) preparing various amino acid calcium culture solutions:
according to the proportion of the raw materials, firstly, a plurality of amino acid powders and adenosine disodium triphosphate powder are uniformly mixed, 1/2 clean seawater is added to dissolve the plurality of amino acid powders, the adenosine disodium triphosphate powder and the mixture in the clean seawater, then pearl calcium fine powder is added, the mixture is stirred uniformly and then stands for 1 hour, then 1/2 clean seawater is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a plurality of amino acid calcium culture solutions.
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