CN113181143B - 一种2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物口溶膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物口溶膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种2‑氧代‑1‑吡咯烷衍生物口溶膜及其制备方法和应用,涉及药物制剂领域。所述口溶膜剂包括2‑氧代‑1‑吡咯烷衍生物、成膜剂和增塑剂,该药物膜剂可以在口腔中迅速溶解和吸收,避免了肝脏的首过效应,服用安全;对于吞咽不便的患者,此药物膜剂可以直接服用,不需要额外的温水送服,服用方便;另外本发明口腔膜剂也没有常规口服制剂堵塞口腔或窒息的风险,提高了特殊患者例如儿童、老人、精神病和一些卧床患者的用药安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物口溶膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
癫痫是一种表现为反复癫痫发作的慢性脑部疾病,患者的发作形式不一,会突然间毫无缘由的发作,可表现为抽搐、痉挛、昏厥、两眼发直、凝视等临床症状,具有发作性、短暂性、重复性和刻板性的特征。脑电图是诊断癫痫最重要的辅助检查方法,1/3左右的癫痫患者经过治疗,可获得长期的缓解;另有1/3的患者单药或者是合理的多药联合治疗,能够控制发作,剩余1/3患者病情迁延不愈,发展成难治性癫痫,必要时需手术治疗。
2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物为比利时优时比(UCB)公司的新一代的抗癫痫药物布瓦西坦((S)-2-((R)-2-氧代-4-丙基吡咯烷-1-基)丁酰胺),可选择性的结合突触囊泡蛋白2A,其和作用位点亲和力是左乙拉西坦的15-30倍,高度亲和力使其起效剂量相较于左乙拉西坦降低约10倍,布瓦西坦易溶于水,具有高度渗透性,口服给药后几乎完全被迅速地吸收。与第二代抗癫痫药左乙拉西坦相比,布瓦西坦具有更高的药效和安全性。目前的原研片剂仍存在很多问题,例如吞咽困难的患者的服用问题、首过效应、溶出数率较差等。
中国专利申请201410407641.9公开了一种含有2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物的延长释放制剂,该颗粒含有惰性核心,所述惰性核心被含有活性成分和至少一种赋形剂的第一层包被,该第一层被控释层包被,且所述活性成分是2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物。
但是癫痫发作的患者大多表现为突然神志丧失并全身抽搐发作,或表现为突然意识障碍和肌张力消失,或表现为头部及上肢肌肉为主的双侧节律性肌阵挛抽动,或呈癫痫持续状态(表现为持续性发作或反复发作伴间歇期意识功能不恢复),如果将布瓦西坦制备为需要吞咽的普通片或缓释片,患者服用的顺应性很差,甚至可能堵塞气管,具有潜在的危险性。
有鉴于此,本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,通过大量筛选和试验,提供一种布瓦西坦的口溶膜剂,该药物膜剂可以在口腔中迅速溶解和吸收,避免了肝脏的首过效应,服用安全;该药物的适应症为癫痫患者,对于吞咽不便的患者(例如老年及儿童),此药物膜剂可以直接服用,不需要额外的温水送服,服用方便,尤其适用于4岁及以上的儿童。目前还没有布瓦西坦的口服膜剂相关研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物口溶膜及其制备方法、应用和一种治疗癫痫的药物,溶出数率更优、起效更快、适用性广、工艺简单、含量稳定、安全性高,具有良好的应用前景。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
在本发明中,
术语“约”为对数量的修饰词,指包括该经修饰的量的+或-5%以内。
所述口溶膜剂可以在口腔中快速分散,通过口腔黏膜或舌下组织吸收进入血液循环;
所述矫味剂和着色剂为医学可接受的辅料,用量符合相关规定,矫味剂的目的是用以改善或屏蔽药物不良气味和味道,着色剂的目的是区分本发明口溶膜剂的不同规格。
所述((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺即为布瓦西坦。
首先,本发明提供一种口溶膜剂,所述口溶膜剂包括2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物、成膜剂和增塑剂。
优选的,所述2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物为式I所示((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐,
进一步优选式I所示((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺。
优选的,所述2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物占口溶膜剂总重的2-80%,进一步优选5-60%。
优选的,所述成膜剂占口溶膜剂总重的10%以上。
优选的,所述增塑剂占口溶膜剂总重的10%以上。
优选的,所述成膜剂包括但不限于羟丙基甲基纤维素类(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素类(HPC)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚维酮、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、共聚维酮、海藻酸钠、聚丙烯酸类、明胶中的至少一种,进一步优选为羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、共聚维酮、聚维酮类中的至少一种。
优选的,所述增塑剂包括但不限于甘油、聚乙二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、山梨醇、聚山梨酯中的至少一种。
优选的,所述口溶膜剂还包括矫味剂,进一步优选的,所述矫味剂包括但不限于蔗糖、水果香精、葡萄糖、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖、麦芽糖、甜蜜素、甜菊苷中的至少一种。
优选的,所述的口溶膜剂还包括着色剂,进一步优选的,所述着色剂包括但不限于苋菜红、胭脂红、赤藓红、柠檬黄、日落黄、靛蓝、亮蓝中的至少一种。
其次,本发明还提供所述口溶膜剂在制备治疗癫痫药物中的应用。
其次,本发明还提供所述口溶膜剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将处方量的成膜剂溶于溶剂中得混合溶液,向所述混合溶液中加入处方量的增塑剂,溶解,然后依次加入处方量的2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物、矫味剂、着色剂溶液,溶解,除去溶液中气泡,然后均匀涂布在基材上,加热干燥成膜。
优选的,所述溶剂为水,温度为50-100℃,进一步优选为90℃。90℃以上的水利于羟丙甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素分散和溶胀;水温越低,羟丙甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素需要分散和溶胀的时间越长。
优选的,当成膜剂包含羟甲基纤维素钠且含有两种或以上成分时,羟甲基纤维素钠应在2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物加入后再加入。
最后,本发明提供一种治疗癫痫的药物,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为口溶膜剂,活性成分为2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物。
优选的,所述2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物为式I所示((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺及其药学上可接受的盐,优选式I所示((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺,
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的膜剂可以直接服用,给药无需饮水送服,服用方便,尤其适用于吞咽障碍患者,例如老人、4岁及以上的儿童。
(2)本发明制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜剂,在PH6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液,其溶出数率优于原研片剂;在PH1.2盐酸溶液条件下,其溶出数率优于原研片剂;在水溶液中,其溶出数率也优于原研片剂,自制膜剂在不同PH条件下可以达到快速释放(5分钟溶出量即可达到标示量的80%),该药物膜剂在口腔中快速分散,可通过口腔黏膜或舌下组织快速吸收进入血液循环,达到更快的起效作用,同时避免了常规口服制剂的首过效应,服用更加安全。
(3)本发明制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜剂,工艺简单,便于商业化生产。
(4)本发明制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜剂,在6个月的药物加速实验(摄氏40度及75%RH)中,性状、含量各项检查无明显变化;有关物质杂质增长均在限度之内,质量稳定,可控。
(5)本发明布瓦西坦口腔膜剂没有常规口服制剂堵塞口腔或窒息的风险,提高了特殊患者例如儿童、老人、精神病和一些卧床患者的用药安全性。
附图说明
图1为自制膜剂和原研片剂在PH6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中溶出曲线对比图;
图2为自制膜剂和原研片剂在水中溶出曲线对比图;
图3为自制膜剂和原研片剂在PH1.2盐酸溶液中溶出曲线对比图。
具体实施方式
以下非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。下述内容仅仅是对本申请要求保护的范围的示例性说明,本领域技术人员可以根据所公开的内容对本申请的发明作出多种改变和修饰,而其也应当属于本申请要求保护的范围之中。
下面以具体实施例的方式对本发明作进一步的说明。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
本文实施例中崩解时间测定,将口溶膜用回形针夹住,照中国药典2015年版四部通则0921(崩解时限检查法片剂项下方法)检查,记录口溶膜完全溶解并通过筛网的时间,记录6片口溶膜崩解时间的均值。
本文张力测定,将制备的口溶膜成品放在拉断力测定仪上,以一定的速度使试样断裂后,读取拉伸强度,记录6片口溶膜的拉伸强度。
本文溶出量(度)测试,如无特殊说明,按照中国药典(2015版四部通则0931)溶出度与释放度测定法第二法(桨法),溶出介质体积为900ml水溶液,溶出介质均需脱气处理,温度为37℃±0.5℃,转速为45转每分钟,取样品6片放入溶出杯进行溶出试验,计算6片口溶膜溶出量的均值。
实施例1-3
实施例1-3使用羟丙甲基纤维素和/或羧甲基纤维素钠作为成膜剂,考察不同的增塑剂,将布瓦西坦制备成膜剂,载药量(占比)约5%~25%(w/w%),用于口腔黏膜给药,实施例1-3处方如下表:
表1.
实施例1-3制备方法:将处方量的羟丙甲基纤维素分散到90℃的热水中,搅拌使之溶解,降温至室温后,向上述溶液中依次加入处方量的增塑剂,搅拌溶解,依次加入布瓦西坦、羧甲基纤维素钠(如有)、矫味剂,搅拌溶解,超声除去溶液中气泡,将药物均匀涂布在基材上,加热干燥成膜,裁剪成适合的形状和大小,包装。
实施例1-3所制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜,外观均完整光洁、色泽均匀,无气泡;含量溶出等符合要求,所制备的口溶膜均可以在1分钟内快速分散。对所制备口溶膜进行厚度、张力、崩解时间、溶出等参数测定,如下表:
表2.
实施例4-6
实施例4-6使用羟丙甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素,将布瓦西坦制备成膜剂,载药量约14%-60%(w/w%),用于口腔黏膜给药,实施处方如下表:
表3.
实施例4-6制备方法:将处方量的羟丙甲基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素分散到90℃的热水中,搅拌使之溶解,降温至室温后,向上述溶液中依次加入处方量的增塑剂(聚乙二醇400、山梨醇、丙二醇),搅拌溶解,依次加入布瓦西坦、矫味剂,搅拌溶解;超声除去溶液中气泡,将药物均匀涂布在基材上,加热干燥成膜,裁剪成适合的形状和大小,包装。
根据实施例4-6所制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜,外观完整光洁、色泽均匀,无气泡;羟丙基纤维素的加入,是的载药量大大提高,但是口溶膜崩解时间大大延长,对所制备口溶膜进行厚度、张力、崩解时间、溶出等参数测定,如下表:
表4.
实施例7-9
实施例7-9使用共聚维酮/聚维酮,将布瓦西坦制备成膜剂,载药量约7%-50%(w/w%),用于口腔黏膜给药,实施处方如下表:
表5.
实施例7-9制备方法:将成膜剂分散到纯化水水中,搅拌使之溶解,向上述溶液中分别加入各处方量的增塑剂,搅拌溶解,加入主药布瓦西坦、矫味剂、色素(色素配成溶液加入,溶剂最终除去),搅拌溶解;超声除去气泡,将药物均匀涂布在基材上,加热干燥成膜,裁剪成适合的形状和大小,包装。
根据实施例7-9所制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜,外观完整光洁、色泽均匀,无气泡;含量溶出等符合要求,得到的膜在水中快速溶解,利于药物快速释放。对所制备口溶膜进行厚度、张力、崩解时间、溶出等参数测定,如下表:
表6.
稳定性试验
取实施例样品,参照ICH稳定性原则,设置温度和湿度为40℃/RH 75%,进行6个月加速稳定性试验,考察项目包括性状、含量、有关物质。将样品置于稳定性箱中,于试验开始时的第0、1、2、3、6个月取样检测。试制样品加速稳定性试验考察结果如下表。
表7.
结果:性状、含量各项检查无明显变化;6个月的有关物质单杂和总杂有所增长,均在限度之内,所制备的口溶膜质量稳定性良好。
实施例10-12
使用羟丙甲基纤维素/共聚维酮/聚维酮制备膜剂,实施处方如下:
表8.
实施例10-12制备方法:将处方量的羟丙甲基纤维素分散到90℃的热水中,搅拌使之溶解,降至室温后,向上述溶液中加入处方量的聚乙二醇400(或山梨醇)、布瓦西坦、矫味剂,搅拌溶解;超声除去溶液中气泡,将药物均匀涂布在基材上,加热干燥成膜,裁剪成适合的形状和大小,包装。
根据实施例10-12所制备的布瓦西坦口溶膜,外观完整光洁、色泽均匀,无气泡;含量溶出等符合要求,得到的膜在水中快速溶解,利于药物快速释放。对所制备口溶膜进行厚度、张力、崩解时间、溶出等参数测定,如下表:
表9.
可看出,实施例10-12所制口溶膜剂各项参数良好。
自制膜剂和原研片剂在不同溶出介质数据的对比
按照中国药典(2015版四部通则0931)溶出度与释放度测定法第二法(桨法),(分别配制PH1.2盐酸溶液、PH6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液、水的)900ml溶出介质,溶出介质均需脱气处理,温度为37℃±0.5℃,转速为45转每分钟,取样品6片放入溶出杯进行溶出试验,分别于5、10、15、30分钟取样,按照高效液相色谱法(药典2015版四部通则0512)测定,分别考察自制膜剂和原研片剂在不同溶出介质的溶出情况,结果如下表。
表10.自制膜剂和原研片剂在水中溶出曲线对比
表11.自制膜剂和原研片剂在PH1.2盐酸溶液中溶出曲线对比
表12.自制膜剂和原研片剂在PH6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中溶出曲线对比
可以看出,本发明的自制膜剂在不同溶出介质(PH1.2盐酸、PH6.0磷酸盐缓冲液、水溶液)中,其溶出速率5min可达到标示量的80%,远远高于原研片剂,所制备口溶膜剂药物的释放远远优于原研片剂。
由于本发明为口溶膜剂,且布瓦西坦易溶于水,具有高度渗透性,口服给药后几乎完全被迅速地吸收,为癫痫(尤其是有咀嚼和吞咽困难的儿童、老人和一些卧床)患者提供一种新的解决方案。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜剂,其特征在于,所述((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺或其药学上可接受的盐为((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-氧代-4-丙基-1-吡咯烷基]丁酰胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜剂,其特征在于,还包括矫味剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的口溶膜剂,其特征在于,所述矫味剂选自蔗糖、水果香精、葡萄糖、糖精钠、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖、麦芽糖、甜蜜素、甜菊苷中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜剂,其特征在于,还包括着色剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的口溶膜剂,其特征在于,所述着色剂选自苋菜红、胭脂红、赤藓红、柠檬黄、日落黄、靛蓝、亮蓝中的至少一种。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述口溶膜剂在制备治疗癫痫药物中的应用。
8.权利要求1-6任一项所述口溶膜剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将处方量的成膜剂溶于溶剂中得混合溶液,向所述混合溶液中加入处方量的增塑剂,溶解,然后依次加入处方量的2-氧代-1-吡咯烷衍生物、矫味剂、着色剂溶液,溶解,除去溶液中气泡,然后均匀涂布在基材上,加热干燥成膜。
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