CN113145829A - Preparation method of composite wear-resistant element - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite wear-resistant element Download PDFInfo
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- CN113145829A CN113145829A CN202110126496.7A CN202110126496A CN113145829A CN 113145829 A CN113145829 A CN 113145829A CN 202110126496 A CN202110126496 A CN 202110126496A CN 113145829 A CN113145829 A CN 113145829A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
- B22D19/085—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal of anti-frictional metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite wear-resistant element, which comprises the following steps: using thermite to melt a steel body to obtain molten steel, adding the molten steel into a die preheated to 200-500 ℃, placing hard alloy at the bottom, and taking out after complete compounding; the thermite comprises Al and iron oxide, the steel body comprises Fe and alloy, and the ratio of Al: iron oxide: fe: the mass ratio of the alloy is 4-5: 10-13: 5-6: 1; the steel body comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.5%, Si is less than or equal to 2%, Mn is less than or equal to 2%, Cr is less than or equal to 2%, Ni is less than or equal to 2%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance is Fe; the hard alloy particles comprise WC-Co alloy particles with the mass fraction of Co of 4-30%, and one or more of carbides of Ti, Cr, Nb, Ta and V with the weight percent of up to 5% can exist. The method can enhance the wear resistance of the composite wear-resistant metal element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a preparation method of a composite wear-resistant element.
Background
In the operation process, the abrasion of industrial equipment such as a shovel tooth of an excavator, a roller end wall of a coal mining machine and the like can cause the great waste and consumption of materials and energy, and in order to prolong the service life of the industrial equipment, the local surface of the equipment material is often required to have higher wear resistance. The wear-resistant material is a special material, and is mainly used for occasions with wear, such as mechanical parts interacting with materials such as soil, sand, ore, rock, cement and the like in mining machinery, engineering machinery and powder equipment; agricultural machinery for grain and oil processing, farming, harvesting and the like; many mechanical parts in water conservancy and thermal power plants; the teeth, the soles, the pen points and various living goods of the human body. It can be said that wear-resistant materials are ubiquitous in various industrial fields such as metallurgy, building materials, mines, harbors, petroleum, electric power, coal, chemical industry, and military, and are closely related to the lives of everyone.
The working environment of the wear-resistant material is very complex, some wear-resistant materials need to work under severe working conditions such as heavy load, impact, corrosion, dust, steam and slag, and are often used in occasions such as mines, machinery, hydropower, coal, ports and metallurgy, and the environment can cause huge loss and energy waste of the wear-resistant material, so that the wear-resistant material occupies the main body of the wear-resistant material. Statistically, about 30% of the world's energy in industrially developed countries is consumed in different forms on the wear of materials, and the losses due to the wear of materials in germany are about 400 giga mark per year and about 300 billion pounds in the uk. The United states bureau of Opinion (OTA) reports data showing that aircraft in the United states lose $ 134 billion due to wear, ships $ 64 billion, and automobiles $ 400 billion. According to statistics of relevant departments, the annual loss of China caused by abrasion reaches more than 1000 billion yuan, more than 300 ten thousand tons of precious metal wear-resistant materials are consumed annually, and the annual rate of the material is increased by 15%. If the equipment workpiece is made of integral wear-resistant alloy, the cost is high, energy is wasted, and the requirements on the aspects of integral mechanical property and the like cannot be met. In order to improve the wear resistance of the surface of the material, various metal surface strengthening methods are developed, wherein the methods comprise surface chemical heat treatment, surface thermal spraying, surface overlaying, plasma treatment, laser treatment and the like, but the manufacturing cost of the methods is higher, and some hardened layers have the defects of too thin depth, weak combination with a matrix and the like, so that the effect of the hardened layers applied to castings is not obvious.
The casting and infiltration is also called coating casting or infiltration, is a new technology developed in recent years for preparing metal-based composite materials, is a unified combination of a casting technology and a metallurgy strengthening technology, and is used for melting, decomposing and diffusing elements to be infiltrated by utilizing casting solidification waste heat. The prepared powder is added with a certain amount of binder to be mixed into paste or paste according to the use requirements of the material, the paste or paste is coated on the designated position of the inner wall of a cavity of a casting mold, or the powder is directly pressed into a paste block to be fixed in the cavity, then the paste block is cast, and under the action of high-temperature molten metal, the powder coating or pressed blank realizes the fusion with base metal through the comprehensive actions of heat transfer, permeation, diffusion, sintering and the like with the molten metal, and finally the required metal-based composite material is prepared. For the casting and infiltration technology, the quality of an infiltration layer is key to obtain excellent surface properties (wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like), and the infiltration layer consists of three parts according to the energy transfer and metallurgical principles: the outer layer is the place where the poured liquid metal is infiltrated into the infiltration agent farthest away from the infiltration layer/metal interface, and the non-infiltration agent alloy particles of the layer account for most parts; the inner layer, namely the coating/metal interface, where the thermal action is strongest, the penetrating agent generates decomposition reaction to generate a large amount of active atoms which are diffused to the inside of the metal matrix, and the diffusion resistance is small and the diffusion process is long due to the diffusion in the liquid, and the inner layer is a diffusion layer; and thirdly, a part between the outer layer and the inner layer is penetrated, the cast-penetrated inner layer and the outer layer penetrating agent form a larger concentration difference, mother liquor penetrates into gaps of alloy particles due to capillary action and surrounds the alloy particles to dissolve and melt the surface, the penetrating agent alloy with the surface in a liquid phase and the mother liquor are penetrated mutually, and then cooling and crystallization are carried out, the layer is not fused with less gold particles than the outer layer, and the layer is a transition layer. The phase composition of each part depends on the phase diagram of the alloy system, and the chemical compositions of the outer layer and the transition layer mainly depend on the chemical composition of the infiltrant alloy; the inner layer is a base metal saturated with atoms of the element of the penetrant, so the specific situation can be analyzed according to a binary phase diagram of the base metal/the penetrant depending on the chemical composition of the base metal. The quality of the permeable layer is mainly determined by the thickness, hardness, density and the like of the permeable layer, and generally, the inner layer has the best quality, the transition layer has the lowest quality and the outer layer has the poorer quality.
The existing casting infiltration technology needs to be carried out under the condition that the temperature of metal liquid is relatively high when the metal-based composite material is prepared, the hard alloy particles are seriously burnt and damaged due to overhigh temperature when mother liquid is infiltrated into gaps of the alloy particles, and a transition region is easy to crack under the action of stress, so that the crack phenomenon is obvious, and the process cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention improves the traditional cast-infiltration technology and provides a preparation method of a composite wear-resistant metal element, wherein the reaction temperature is low, the transition region between materials shows good combination without gaps and cracks basically, and the obtained composite wear-resistant metal element has strong wear resistance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts a technical scheme that:
a preparation method of the composite wear-resistant element is provided, which comprises the following steps: using thermite to melt a steel body to obtain molten steel, adding the molten steel into a die preheated to 200-500 ℃, placing hard alloy at the bottom, and taking out after complete compounding;
the thermite comprises Al and iron oxide, the steel body comprises Fe and alloy, and the ratio of Al: iron oxide: fe: the mass ratio of the alloy is 4-5: 10-13: 5-6: 1; the steel body comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.5%, Si is less than or equal to 2%, Mn is less than or equal to 2%, Cr is less than or equal to 2%, Ni is less than or equal to 2%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance is Fe;
further, the steel body comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.30-0.40% of C, 2.8-3.5% of Si, 3.3-4.0% of Mn, 1.8-2.5% of Cr, 2.8-3.5% of Ni, 0.50-0.55% of Mo, and the balance of Fe, and preferably comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.35% C, 3.1% Si, 3.6% Mn, 2.1% Cr, 3.2% Ni, 0.53% Mo, the remainder being Fe.
The pure thermite refers to aluminum powder and ferric oxide powder, and the inventor finds that although the pure thermite can generate high temperature of more than 3000 ℃ in a short time, the high temperature easily causes serious burning loss of hard alloy particles, and the amount of molten iron reduced by the pure thermite is small, the temperature of the thermite is high, the hard alloy particles are dissolved, and the compounding is influenced, so how to effectively reduce the heat release temperature of the thermite and better compound a steel body and hard alloy particles is a technical problem to be improved in the field.
Through long-term research, the inventor unexpectedly finds that the addition of iron and alloy powder into the thermite can increase the amount of molten steel, reduce the thermite reaction temperature, solve the problem of serious burning loss of hard alloy particles and improve the product performance.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the steel body is in powder form.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the preheating temperature is 250-350 ℃, and preferably 320 ℃.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the iron oxide is selected from FeO, Fe2O3、Fe3O4Preferably Fe2O3。
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the hardness of the cemented carbide is 1200 to 1250HV3Preferably 1230HV3；
Further, the hard alloy is WC-Co alloy particles with Co mass percent of 2-40%;
further, the hard alloy is WC-Co alloy particles with Co mass percent of 4-30%;
furthermore, in the WC-Co alloy particles, the mass fraction of Co is 5-10%, and the preference is 8%.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the cemented carbide further comprises an additive;
further, the additive comprises one or more of carbides of Ti, Cr, Ni, V, Ta and Nb, namely one or more of titanium (Ti) carbide, chromium (Cr) carbide, nickel (Ni) carbide, vanadium (V) carbide, tantalum (Ta) carbide and niobium (Nb) carbide;
furthermore, the mass fraction of the additive is 0-5%.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the cemented carbide is a particle;
furthermore, the particle size of the particles is 0.1-10 mm, and the grain size of WC in the hard alloy particles is 2-10 μm, preferably 4 μm.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the thermite is used in an amount such that the reduced molten steel has the following composition of 0.28-0.35% of C, 1-1.6% of Si, 1.45-1.50% of Mn, 0.70-1.0% of Cr, 1.1-1.5% of Ni, 0.15-0.30% of Mo, and the balance of Fe;
preferably 0.31% C, 1.3% Si, 1.49% Mn, 0.88% Cr, 1.32% Ni, 0.22% Mo, the balance being Fe.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the hard alloy is used in an amount such that the thickness of the hard alloy surface layer of the prepared wear-resistant element is 5-7 mm.
The invention also provides a composite wear-resistant element prepared by the preparation method;
furthermore, a transition zone exists between the hard alloy layer and the steel body of the composite wear-resistant element, and the transition zone is an eta-phase zone with the thickness of 50-200 mu m;
furthermore, an iron-containing transition zone with the width of 0.5-2 mm is arranged on one side of the hard alloy layer, which is attached to the eta-phase zone; in a side of the steel body adjacent to the eta phase region where the eta phase region is bonded, there is a region having an enriched carbon content with a width of 10 to 100 μm.
The iron-containing transition zone is defined as a region near the side of the cemented carbide in the η phase zone containing Fe (caused by diffusion of Fe into the cemented carbide particles).
The zone enriched with carbon content means that supersaturated precipitated solid solution (Fe, W) exists at the interface of the hard alloy particles and the steel bodyxC, wherein X ═ 3,6 and the like, (Fe, W)xC may be (Fe, W)3C，(Fe,W)6C and the like.
In the present invention, all percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the composite wear-resistant element prepared by the invention has high wear resistance, shows good combination basically without gaps and cracks in a transition region between materials, and does not influence the product performance even if a few cracks appear.
(2) The method has the advantages of simple process, low reaction temperature and energy conservation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a composite wear resistant metal component;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic interface view of particles and steel bodies.
Wherein, a — cemented carbide particles; b-hard alloy particle and steel body interface; c-steel body.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments, which can be obtained by one skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all techniques used in the present invention are the same as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
(1) Preparing thermite comprising 446.49gAl powder, 1317gFe2O3Powder, 560g iron powder, alloy powder: 28.42g ferrosilicon powder (containing silicon 73.88%), 20.104g ferrochromium powder (containing chromium 69.62%), 28g ferromanganese powder (containing manganese 84.68%), 5.8g ferromolybdenum powder (containing molybdenum 60.29%), 21g nickel, 2.6 pure carbon powder, and the fruit is prepared from the following raw materialsThe iron powder, ferrosilicon powder, ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, ferromolybdenum powder used in the examples also contained 2.3g of carbon, and the molten steel reduced by melting the steel bulk powder by the heat generated by the thermite reaction had the following composition: 0.31% of C, 1.3% of Si, 1.49% of Mn, 0.88% of Cr, 1.32% of Ni, 0.22% of Mo and the balance of Fe.
(2) Preparing hard alloy WC-Co by a conventional powder metallurgy technology, crushing the hard alloy WC-Co into particles with the granularity of 5-9 mm, the composition of the particles is 8 wt% of Co, the balance of WC, the grain size of the WC is 4 mu m, the carbon content of the hard alloy particles is 5.2 wt%, and the hardness is 1230HV3The hard alloy particles in the step (1) are layered according to the bottom surface of the pavement, and the concentration is about 2 particles/cm2And the thickness is 5-7 mm, sand casting is carried out, the sand casting is preheated to 320 ℃, and molten steel is added into the sand mold.
(3) Taking out the mixture after the reaction is completed for 1 hour (the reaction temperature is about 2000-2500 ℃), cooling the mixture to room temperature in air, and obtaining the composite wear-resistant block as shown in figure 1, wherein the hard alloy particles and the steel body are preferably combined into a whole; the microscopic interface of the particles and the steel body is shown in figure 2, the transition zone between the hard alloy particles and the steel body exhibits good combination without gaps and cracks basically, a thin eta-phase zone (B) with the thickness of 50-200 μm exists in the transition zone, an iron-containing transition zone with the width of 0.5-2 mm exists in the hard alloy adjacent to the eta-phase zone, a zone with enriched carbon content with the width of 10-100 μm exists in the steel adjacent to the eta-phase zone, and the (Fe, W) -C solid solution appears in the interface (B) zone of the hard alloy particles and the steel body, and is hard and brittle.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a composite wear member, comprising: using thermite to melt a steel body to obtain molten steel, adding the molten steel into a die preheated to 200-500 ℃, placing hard alloy at the bottom, and taking out after complete compounding;
the thermite comprises Al and iron oxide, the steel body comprises Fe and alloy, and the ratio of Al: iron oxide: fe: the mass ratio of the alloy is 4-5: 10-13: 5-6: 1;
the steel body comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.5%, Si is less than or equal to 2%, Mn is less than or equal to 2%, Cr is less than or equal to 2%, Ni is less than or equal to 2%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance is Fe;
further, the steel body comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.30-0.40% of C, 2.8-3.5% of Si, 3.3-4.0% of Mn, 1.8-2.5% of Cr, 2.8-3.5% of Ni, 0.50-0.55% of Mo, and the balance of Fe, and preferably comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 0.35% C, 3.1% Si, 3.6% Mn, 2.1% Cr, 3.2% Ni, 0.53% Mo, the remainder being Fe.
2. Method for producing according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel body is in powder form.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature is 250 to 350 ℃, preferably 320 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the iron oxide is selected from FeO and Fe2O3、Fe3O4Preferably Fe2O3。
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the hardness of the cemented carbide is 1200 to 1250HV3Preferably 1230HV3；
Further, the hard alloy is WC-Co alloy particles with Co mass percent of 2-40%;
further, the hard alloy is WC-Co alloy particles with Co mass percent of 4-30%;
furthermore, in the WC-Co alloy particles, the mass fraction of Co is 5-10%, and the preference is 8%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide further comprises an additive;
further, the additive comprises one or more of carbides of Ti, Cr, Ni, V, Ta and Nb;
furthermore, the mass fraction of the additive is 0-5%.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide is in a granular form;
furthermore, the particle size of the hard alloy is 0.1-10 mm, and the grain size of WC in the hard alloy particles is 2-10 μm, preferably 4 μm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thermite is used in an amount such that the reduced steel has the following composition: 0.28-0.35% of C, 1-1.6% of Si, 1.45-1.50% of Mn, 0.70-1.0% of Cr, 1.1-1.5% of Ni, 0.15-0.30% of Mo, and the balance of Fe;
preferably 0.31% C, 1.3% Si, 1.49% Mn, 0.88% Cr, 1.32% Ni, 0.22% Mo, the balance being Fe.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the hard alloy is used in an amount such that the thickness of the hard alloy surface layer of the prepared wear-resistant element is 5-7 mm.
10. A composite wear-resistant element, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9;
furthermore, a transition zone exists between the hard alloy layer and the steel body of the composite wear-resistant element, and the transition zone is an eta-phase zone with the thickness of 50-200 mu m;
furthermore, an iron-containing transition zone with the width of 0.5-2 mm is arranged on one side of the hard alloy layer, which is attached to the eta-phase zone; in a side of the steel body adjacent to the eta phase region where the eta phase region is bonded, there is a region having an enriched carbon content with a width of 10 to 100 μm.
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