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CN113137564A - 用于灌注一个或多个储罐的站和方法 - Google Patents

用于灌注一个或多个储罐的站和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113137564A
CN113137564A CN202110065475.9A CN202110065475A CN113137564A CN 113137564 A CN113137564 A CN 113137564A CN 202110065475 A CN202110065475 A CN 202110065475A CN 113137564 A CN113137564 A CN 113137564A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
transfer
temperature
source
source reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202110065475.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A·劳伦特
W·马蒂尔德
W·艾蒂安
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of CN113137564A publication Critical patent/CN113137564A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0673—Polymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0107—Frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0157—Details of mounting arrangements for transport
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于为一个或多个储罐灌注加压气体的站，加压气体特别是加压氢气，该站包括至少两个加压气体的源储器和具有并行连接至源储器的上游端和旨在连接至待灌注的储罐的下游端的转移管，站包括：用于控制源储器与待灌注的储罐之间的气体转移的阀组件；和连接至阀组件并配置成控制阀组件的电子控制器，电子控制器配置为通过连续的压力平衡程序实现源储器与待灌注的储罐之间的连续气体转移，电子控制器配置为确定在气体转移期间由源储器中的气体或由源储器达到的温度，和当达到的温度低于确定的阈值时，阻止或中断气体转移或减小在转移期间转移的气体流量。本发明还涉及一种借助站来为一个或多个储罐灌注加压气体的方法。

Description

用于灌注一个或多个储罐的站和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于灌注一个或多个储罐的站和方法。
更具体地，本发明涉及一种用于为一个或多个储罐灌注加压气体，特别是加压氢气的站，该站包括至少两个加压气体源储器、具有并行地连接至这些源储器的上游端和旨在连接至待灌注的储罐的下游端的转移管，该站包括：用于控制所述源与待灌注的储罐之间的气体转移的阀组件；和电子控制器，其连接至该阀组件并配置成控制该阀组件，电子控制器配置为通过相继/连续的压力平衡程序来实现源储器与要灌注的储罐之间的连续的气体转移。
背景技术
车载燃料电池动力车辆上的高压气体储罐的快速灌注(通常少于15分钟)基本上是通过高压源容量或储器(例如200巴、300巴、450巴、700巴、850巴或1000巴)与车载储罐之间的连续压力平衡程序执行的。称为“级联”灌注方法的这些方法已在文献中进行了广泛描述。
当源储器降压时，它们会经历温度下降(由于其中包含的气体的等熵膨胀)。在连续灌注储罐的情况下，这些气体储罐的连续降压会导致温度下降到低于储罐的最低安全温度。这会削弱气体储罐并可能导致氢气泄漏。
这种现象在复合材料源储器中特别敏感。所述源特别用于无压缩机的站中，在这些站中，这些储罐被集成在半拖车或MEGC(多元素气体容器)类型的可移动底盘上的框架中。此外，在压力过快和过慢地降低的情况下，这些复合材料储器的塑料内部密封衬里可能在减压的作用下变形(“衬里塌陷”)。过度变形会导致泄漏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的所有或一些上述缺点。
为此，根据本发明的站，其也根据上述前序部分提供的一般定义，其基本特征在于，电子控制器配置为确定在气体转移期间由源储器中的气体或由源储器达到的温度，并且当所述达到的温度低于确定的阈值时阻止或中断该气体转移或减小在所述转移期间转移的气体的流量。
此外，本发明的实施例可包括以下一个或多个特征：
-该站包括用于测量所述源储器中的气体的温度的一组传感器，该电子控制器配置为基于由所述温度测量传感器测量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度；
-该站包括用于测量所述源储器中的气体的压力的一组传感器，所述电子控制器配置为基于由所述压力测量传感器测量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度；
-所述站包括用于测量环境温度的传感器，所述电子控制器配置为基于由所述环境温度测量传感器测量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度；
-所述电子控制器配置为确定在转移期间所转移的气体的流量，并且配置为基于所述流量值来确定在转移期间由源储器中的气体或由源储器达到的温度；
-所述电子控制器包括存储器，该存储器存储一组气体转移条件的参考表或图表，所述电子控制器配置为基于所述参考表和当前的气体转移条件来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由源储器达到的温度；
-所述电子控制器配置为基于计算模块来估计在转移期间由源储器中的气体或由源储器达到的温度，在转移之前和/或转移期间，该计算模块利用气体状态方程--理想气体或实际气体的方程--来计算源储器的壁中的能量交换平衡和应用于源储器中的气体的质量和焓平衡以及计算源储器的壁与源储器的外部之间的热交换平衡。
本发明还涉及一种借助站来为一个或多个储罐灌注加压气体特别是加压氢气的方法，该站包括至少两个加压气体源储器、具有并行地连接至这些源储器的上游端和旨在连接至待灌注的储罐的下游端的转移管，该方法包括连续的多个通过压力平衡程序来在源储器与储罐之间转移气体的步骤，该方法包括：确定在气体转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由源储器达到的温度的步骤；将所述达到的温度与确定的阈值进行比较的步骤；和在所述达到的温度低于所述阈值时，阻止或中断所述转移的步骤或减小所转移的气体的流量的步骤。
根据其他可能的功能：
-该方法包括以下步骤：在气体转移之前和/或期间测量源储器中的气体的温度和/或压力的步骤；以及基于相应的温度和/或压力的测量值计算在转移期间达到的温度的步骤；
-该方法包括：在气体转移之前测量环境温度的步骤；和基于环境温度的测量值计算在转移期间达到的温度的步骤；
-确定温度的步骤是在气体转移之前或开始时执行的，该确定步骤能预测性地确定所述温度达到所述阈值(如果有达到阈值的情况)所用的气体转移时间；
-在气体转移期间，由源储器中的气体或由源储器在转移期间达到的温度降低，该方法在该温度达到阈值之前包括以下步骤：中断从相关源储器的气体转移的步骤；以及从另一源储器转移气体的步骤；
-确定温度的步骤在从第一源储器转移气体之前执行，并且其中，该方法在确定温度的步骤完成之后包括确定在所述确定的温度达到阈值的时刻之前由第一源储器转移到待灌注的储罐的第一气体量的步骤，当该第一气体量低于确定的量时，该方法包括以下步骤：更换源储器以经由第二源储器转移气体，即不使用第一源储器来转移气体。本发明还可以涉及在权利要求的范围内的包括以上或以下提到的特征的任何组合的任何替代装置或方法。
附图说明
通过阅读以下参考附图的描述，其他特征和优点将变得显而易见，在附图中：
图1是示出根据本发明的灌注站的结构和操作的一个示例的局部示意图；
图2是示出根据本发明的灌注站的操作的一个示例的局部示意图。
具体实施方式
所示的站1包括转移管7，该转移管7的上游端平行地连接至四个加压气体源储器3、4、5、6。转移管7包括下游端，该下游端旨在连接到要灌注的储罐2。当然，可以设想用于同时灌注多个储罐2的多个平行/并列的下游端。类似地，源储器的数量可以更少或更多，并且如果适用，还可以由其他加压气体源补充。
站1包括阀组件，该阀组件用于控制所述源与所述要灌注的储罐2之间的气体转移。例如，可以在每个源储器的输出部处设置至少一个阀12(优选地是受控的)。在源储器由并行安装的多个单独的容器组成的情况下，每个容器可以配备有特定的隔离阀(例如，是受控的)。类似地，在下游端之前/上游，转移管7可包括至少一个阀13，特别是压力和/或流量调节阀。
该站还包括电子控制器8，该电子控制器连接到阀组件并配置为控制阀组件。电子控制器8可包括计算机和/或微处理器。电子控制器8配置成，即编程和/或控制成能通过连续/相继的压力平衡程序来实现气体源3、4、5、6与要灌注的储罐2之间的连续/相继的气体转移。换句话说，电子控制器8能够并且设计为通过级联平衡程序来实现灌注操作。当然，该站可包括其他附加源(例如，连接到蒸发器的液化气体源和/或压缩机)。
例如，气体可从低压源(机架/框架，200巴半挂车，电解装置等)压缩至高压源储器(通常在450巴至1000巴之间)。通过被动平衡而在源储器和要灌注的储罐2之间执行气体转移。
储罐2可直接由安装在半挂车上的容器灌注。级联式灌注涉及执行连续/相继的平衡程序，首先使用压力最低的源储器，然后再使用压力越来越高的源储器。当当前的源储器与储罐之间的压力相等或基本相等时(和/或当转移的气体的流量降至低于阈值时)，中断该转移，并使用压力更高的另一源储器。
根据一个有利的特征，电子控制器8配置为能确定在气体转移期间由源储器3、4、5、6中的气体达到的温度或由源储器3、4、5、6达到的温度并且在所述达到的温度低于确定的阈值时，阻止或中断该转移或减少在所述转移期间转移的气体的流量。
例如，电子控制器8使用预测模块来计算平衡程序结束时的压力和温度，从而允许对源储罐中的温度是否将低于源储器所允许的最小安全温度进行预测计算。
如果是这种情况，则可在平衡程序完成之前将其停止和/或可取消该平衡程序，而使用另一平衡程序(下一个计划的程序)。替代地或附加地，可修改即减小源储器和储罐2之间的气体转移的流量，以减少源储器内的冷却。这种减小的流量可以是例如由先前的测试确定的最大流量，从而允许降低或消除损坏储罐的风险。
例如，该预测性估计可以基于以不同的流量从供给装置提取气体的测试以及温度的测量结果，从而可以构造参考图或表格。这些测试可以与目视检查(特别是内部检查)源储器、层析成像或用于检查衬里(聚合物，衬里)损坏的任何其他方法相关联，从而可以确认损坏发生的条件(开裂、衬里的变形等)并建立图表。
替代地和/或累加地，该预测可以基于人工智能例程(例如，基于测试的机器学习)。
因此，通过知道当前条件(温度、和/或压力和/或流量)和源储器的类型，电子控制器8能预先确定在气体转移期间将达到的温度(例如，随时间变化的温度曲线)。
可替代地，可以通过文件化的计算模块来确定在气体转移期间的该温度。例如，源储器中的气体的温度和/或源储器壁中的温度可以基于以下出版物之一中描述的方法：
-“The temperature evolution in compressed gas filling processes:Areview”，国际氢能杂志，第1-25页，2017年(T.Bourgeois,F.Ammouri,D.Baraldi,P.Moretto)；
-“Optimization of hydrogen vehicle refuelling requirements”，国际氢能杂志，第1-21页，2017年(T.Bourgeois,T.Brachmann,F.Barth,F.Ammouri,D.Zaepffel,D.Baraldi,D.Melideo)；
-“Evaluating the temperature inside a tank during a fillingwithhighly-pressurized gas”，《国际氢能杂志》，第1-8页，2015年(T.Bourgeois,F.Ammouri,M.Weber,C.Knapik)。
特别地，对源储器中的气体的温度和/或源储器的壁的温度的估计的建模可以基于对所述气体的简化零维(0D)模型和对于储罐壁的一维(1D)模型，该模型考虑了质量和能量的保存以及源储器壁处的热交换，以估计储罐中的温度随压力变化的发展变化。
可以通过测量离开所考虑的源储器的气体的温度来校正和/或验证(冗余)该估计。
要注意的是，离开源储器的气体的温度的该值(或在源储器壁的局部位置处的温度测量值)并不总是代表在源储器内部达到的最低温度。实际上，由于温度分布可能不均匀，因此使用模型来提供更精确的结果。
图2描绘了可能的实施例。
当考虑从第一源储器Si转移气体时(步骤14)，该站可通过确定以下值而开始：源储器Si中的气体的压力PSi(t＝t0)和初始温度TSi(t＝0)、以及要灌注的储罐2中的初始压力P2(t＝0)(步骤15)，以及优选地还有环境温度Tamb。
在下一步骤(步骤16)中，如前所述，可以计算源储器Si中的转移(平衡程序)结束时的温度(Tsi(t＝tf))。此时，还可以计算出在平衡程序结束时的源储器Si中的压力PSi(t＝tf)，以及可选地可计算出在平衡程序结束时储罐2中的压力。
随后(步骤17)，将在转移结束时的源储器的温度Tsi(t＝tf)与确定的阈值Tm(例如，存储所允许的最低温度)进行比较。
如果在转移结束时源储器的温度Tsi(t＝tf)低于该确定的阈值Tm(Y)，则可以在后续步骤中确定源储器的压力或源储器的温度达到该确定的阈值Tm所经历的时间(步骤18)。该时间可以被定义为平衡程序的更新结束(即，平衡程序的结束可以在时间上提前以避免温度的过度下降)。
因此，平衡程序可以被激活直到这种预期的结束(步骤19)。作为替代方案(参见替代方案20)，步骤20可包括以压力顺序i＝i+1转换到下一个源储器。换句话说，取消了从所讨论的源储器中的气体转移，以采用下一个源储器。特别是在采用当前的储器的转移时间极其短并且将会导致过快地接近该阈值的情况下执行以下的后面的选择(步骤21)：通过“跳出”当前储器(未完成气体转移)以切换到下一个储器i＝i+1。因此，根据源储器的估计温度，系统可决定不使用温度过低且在达到允许的下限之前仅能转移非常少的量的源储器来启动转移。
每次都可以计算提取流量(转移气体的流量)，并将其与阈值流量进行比较。
可替代地，预测模型可以基于仪表数据特别是环境温度来实时运行。类似地，在提供带有源储器的新半挂车的输送时，可在环境温度的基础上，在模型中启动缓冲储器的压力。以此方式，控制系统连续地考虑这些源储器的历史以确定这些源储器中的温度的估计。
因此，如果在任何时候，特别是在气体转移期间，所估计的温度接近该确定的阈值(优选具有安全裕度)，则系统可以自动切换到另一个源储器。
因此，站1可利用计算源储器中的温度的预测系统而使用高压力的加压源储器来对车辆的油箱进行级联灌注，同时避免削弱这些储器。
因此，在提取期间要控制连续的温度，以防止源储器达到低于其最低工作温度的温度。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于为一个或多个储罐(2)灌注加压气体的站，所述加压气体特别是加压氢气，该站包括至少两个加压气体的源储器(3、4、5、6)和转移管(7)，该转移管具有并行地连接至这些源储器(3、4、5、6)的上游端和旨在连接至待灌注的储罐(2)的下游端，该站(1)包括：用于控制所述源储器与所述待灌注的储罐(2)之间的气体转移的阀组件；和电子控制器(8)，该电子控制器连接至该阀组件并配置成控制该阀组件，该电子控制器(8)配置为通过连续的压力平衡程序来实现所述源储器(3、4、5、6)与所述待灌注的储罐(2)之间的连续的气体转移，其特征在于，所述电子控制器(8)配置为确定在气体的转移期间由所述源储器(3、4、5、6)中的气体或由所述源储器(3、4、5、6)达到的温度，和当所述达到的温度低于确定的阈值时，阻止或中断该气体转移或减小在所述转移期间转移的气体的流量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括用于测量所述源储器(3、4、5、6)中的气体的温度的一组温度测量传感器(9)，其中，该电子控制器(8)配置为基于由所述温度测量传感器(9)测量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括用于测量所述源储器(3、4、5、6)中的气体的压力的一组压力测量传感器(10)，其中，所述电子控制器(8)配置为基于由所述压力测量传感器(10)测量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述站包括用于测量环境温度的环境温度测量传感器(11)，其中，所述电子控制器(8)配置为基于由所述环境温度测量传感器(11)测量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述电子控制器(8)配置为确定在转移期间所转移的气体的流量，并且基于所述流量的值来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述电子控制器(8)包括存储器，该存储器存储一组气体转移条件的参考表或图表，其中，所述电子控制器(8)配置为基于所述参考表和当前的气体转移条件来确定在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的站，其特征在于，所述电子控制器(8)配置为基于计算模块来估计在转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度，在转移之前和/或转移期间，该计算模块利用气体状态方程来计算所述源储器的壁中的能量交换平衡和应用于所述源储器中的气体的质量和焓平衡以及计算所述源储器的壁与所述源储器的外部之间的热交换平衡，其中，气体状态方程为理想气体或实际气体状态方程。
8.一种借助站(1)来为一个或多个储罐(2)灌注加压气体的方法，该加压气体特别是加压氢气，该站包括转移管(7)和至少两个加压气体的源储器(3、4、5、6)，该转移管具有并行地连接至这些源储器(3、4、5、6)的上游端和旨在连接至待灌注的储罐(2)的下游端，该方法包括连续的多个通过压力平衡程序来在所述源储器(3、4、5、6)与所述储罐(2)之间转移气体的步骤，该方法包括：确定在气体转移期间由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器达到的温度的温度确定步骤；将所述达到的温度与确定的阈值进行比较的步骤；和在所述达到的温度低于所述阈值时，阻止或中断所述转移的步骤或减小所转移的气体的流量的步骤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：在气体转移之前和/或气体转移期间测量所述源储器(3、4、5、6)中的气体的温度和/或压力的步骤；以及基于相应的温度和/或压力的测量值计算在转移期间达到的温度的步骤。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：在气体转移之前测量环境温度的步骤；和基于环境温度的测量值来计算在转移期间达到的温度的步骤。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述温度确定步骤是在气体转移之前或气体转移开始时执行的，其中，该温度确定步骤能预测性地确定所述温度在其会达到所述阈值的情况下达到所述阈值所用的气体转移时间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，在气体转移期间，由所述源储器中的气体或由所述源储器在转移期间达到的温度降低，该方法在该温度达到所述阈值之前包括以下步骤：中断从相关源储器的气体转移的步骤；以及从另一源储器转移气体的步骤。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述温度确定步骤在从第一源储器转移气体之前执行，其中，该方法在该温度确定步骤之后包括确定直至所确定的温度达到所述阈值的时刻由所述第一源储器转移到待灌注的所述储罐(2)的第一气体量的步骤，其中，当该第一气体量低于确定的量时，该方法包括以下步骤：更换该第一源储器以经由第二源储器转移气体，即不使用该第一源储器来转移气体。
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