CN113091050A - Optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion and control method thereof - Google Patents
Optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000035874 Excoriation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
- F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
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Abstract
本发明涉及炉内燃烧与尾部脱硝技术领域，公开一种尾部脱硝与炉内燃烧联合的优化系统及其控制方法，其中，尾部脱硝与炉内燃烧联合的优化系统包括：锅炉，其内设有二次风口；多层燃烧器，间隔设置在锅炉内；省煤器，与锅炉连通；脱硝装置，包括：脱硝入口检测组件，检测不同区域的烟气中的O2、CO的浓度；喷射组件，能够朝烟气内喷射NH3；脱硝催化组件；脱硝出口检测组件，检测不同区域的烟气中的NOx和NH3的浓度；脱硫装置，设置在脱硝装置的下游；净烟气检测件，设置在脱硫装置的出口。本发明公开的尾部脱硝与炉内燃烧联合的优化系统，提高了锅炉燃烧效率低、降低了烟气中的NOx浓度以及减少了下游设备积灰、腐蚀的概率。
The invention relates to the technical field of in-furnace combustion and tail denitrification, and discloses an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion and a control method thereof, wherein the optimization system for the combination of tail denitrification and in-furnace combustion comprises: a boiler, which is equipped with Secondary air outlet; multi-layer burner, arranged in the boiler at intervals; economizer, communicated with the boiler; denitration device, including: denitration inlet detection component, detecting the concentration of O 2 and CO in flue gas in different areas; injection component , capable of injecting NH 3 into the flue gas; denitration catalytic component; denitration outlet detection component, to detect the concentration of NOx and NH 3 in flue gas in different areas; desulfurization device, arranged downstream of the denitration device; clean flue gas detection component, Set at the outlet of the desulfurization device. The optimized system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion disclosed in the invention improves the low combustion efficiency of the boiler, reduces the NOx concentration in the flue gas, and reduces the probability of ash accumulation and corrosion in downstream equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, in particular to an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion and a control method thereof.
Background
In order to ensure that the NOx in the boiler is discharged up to the standard, a denitration device is generally required to be equipped, and NH is utilized3Reducing NOx to environmentally benign N2And H2And O. In the actual operation of the denitration device, the ammonia injection amountOf particular importance, increasing the ammonia injection is beneficial to reducing the NOx concentration of the flue gas, but ammonia slip increases with it, which in turn causes ash deposition and corrosion of downstream equipment (such as air preheaters, dust collectors, etc.). The existing denitration device only controls the total amount of ammonia injection, cannot realize the adjustment of the amount of local ammonia, can cause the problem of overlarge or undersize local ammonia injection when the concentration and the flow field distribution of NOx at the inlet of the denitration device are uneven, increases the denitration operation cost, influences the normal operation of downstream equipment by unreacted ammonia gas, and simultaneously increases the concentration of NOx in clean flue gas.
Along with the gradual merging of new forms of energy electricity generation into the electric wire netting, the power generation load adjustment of coal-fired generating set is gradually frequent, causes great influence to the safe economic operation of coal-fired boiler, has produced the problem that denitrification facility ammonia injection volume is too much, clean flue gas NOx concentration environmental protection examination index fluctuates greatly. The increase of ammonia injection amount not only pollutes the environment, but also increases the denitration cost, and the excessive ammonia injection amount is generally caused by the following two factors:
on one hand, as the capacity of the unit is increased, the cross section area of the flue is increased, the distribution of the flue gas concentration along the width direction of the flue is unevenly increased, specifically, the generation amount of NOx is not even due to the wind distribution pattern of the combustion area, if the local combustion oxygen amount is lower, the incomplete combustion loss generated in the corresponding area is sharply increased, so that the CO concentration in the flue gas is sharply increased, and the combustion efficiency of the boiler is reduced; if the local combustion oxygen amount is higher, the concentration of NOx generated in a corresponding area is increased rapidly, so that a single NOx concentration measuring point cannot represent the actual NOx generation amount, and the ammonia injection amount of the denitration device is too much;
on the other hand, the frequent change of the generating load of the unit causes the coal supply amount and the air supply amount to change frequently, the low-oxygen environment required by the low-nitrogen combustion in the furnace cannot last when the coal supply amount and the air supply amount change, the fluctuation of the generation amount of NOx is large, the delay lag of the denitration device causes the ammonia injection amount not to respond to the generation amount of the NOx in real time, and the environmental assessment exceeds the standard and the ammonia injection amount is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an optimization system combining tail denitration and furnace combustion, which can reduce the combustion efficiency caused by improper combustion and ammonia injection, the NOx concentration in the flue gas is high, and the probability of ash deposition and corrosion of downstream equipment.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a control method for an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, wherein the ammonia injection amount of the denitration device can be matched with the actual operation condition of the boiler, so as to reduce NH at the outlet of the denitration device3And the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, comprising: the boiler is internally provided with a plurality of layers of secondary air ports distributed along the height direction of the boiler, and the opening degree of the secondary air ports can be adjusted; the multilayer burners are arranged in the boiler at intervals; an economizer in communication with the boiler; the denitration device comprises a denitration inlet detection assembly, a spraying assembly, a denitration catalysis assembly and a denitration outlet detection assembly which are sequentially distributed along the flowing direction of flue gas, wherein the denitration catalysis assembly is communicated with the coal economizer through a first flue, and the denitration inlet detection assembly can respectively detect O in the flue gas in different areas along the width direction of the first flue2And the concentration of CO, the injection assembly can inject NH into the flue gas along the width direction of the first flue3The denitration catalytic component is used for enabling nitrogen oxides and NH in the flue gas3Reaction, the denitration catalysis subassembly with denitration export detection subassembly passes through the second flue intercommunication, denitration export detection subassembly can be followed the width direction of second flue detects NOx and NH in the flue gas in different regions respectively3The concentration of (c); a desulfurization device disposed downstream of the denitration device; and the clean smoke detection piece is arranged at the outlet of the desulfurization device to detect the concentration of NOx in the clean smoke.
As a preferred scheme of an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, the number of the burners in each layer is multiple, and the denitration inlet detection assembly comprises: a denitration inlet main pipe; entrance inspectionThe measuring piece is arranged on the denitration inlet main pipe; denitration entry communicating member, denitration entry communicating member be a plurality of and with every layer the number of combustor is the same, a plurality of denitration entry communicating member distribute along the width direction of first flue, every denitration entry communicating member divide equally respectively with first flue and the female pipe intercommunication of denitration entry, every denitration entry communicating member all includes entry sample branch pipe and sets up the entry stop valve on entry sample branch pipe, entry detection spare detects selectively O in the flue gas in denitration entry communicating member2And the concentration of CO.
As a preferable scheme of an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, the denitration outlet detection assembly comprises: a denitration outlet main pipe; the outlet detection piece is arranged on the denitration outlet main pipe; a plurality of denitration export intercommunication pieces, it is a plurality of denitration export intercommunication pieces distribute along the width direction of second flue, every denitration export intercommunication piece divide equally respectively with the second flue with the female pipe intercommunication of denitration export, every denitration export intercommunication piece all includes export sample branch pipe and sets up export stop valve on the export sample branch pipe, export detection spare detects selectively NOx and NH in the flue gas in the denitration export intercommunication piece3The concentration of (c).
As a preferred scheme of the optimization system combining tail denitration and furnace combustion, an inlet gas storage piece is arranged on each inlet sampling branch pipe and is positioned at the upstream of the inlet stop valve, an outlet gas storage piece is arranged on each outlet sampling branch pipe and is positioned at the upstream of the outlet stop valve.
As an optimal scheme of the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, an inlet flow detection piece is arranged on the denitration inlet main pipe, and an outlet flow detection piece is arranged on the denitration outlet main pipe.
As a preferable scheme of the optimization system combining tail denitration and furnace combustion, the injection assembly comprises: source of ammonia gas for supplying NH3(ii) a An injection main pipe communicated with the ammonia gas source; total flow rateThe meter is arranged on the injection main pipe; a dilution pipe communicated with the injection main pipe; the fan is communicated with the dilution pipe to introduce air into the dilution pipe; a plurality of injection units, it is respectively with a plurality of denitration export intercommunication piece one-to-one sets up, and is a plurality of the injection unit is followed the width direction of first flue distributes, every the injection unit all includes spouts ammonia branch pipe, branch flowmeter and governing valve, branch flowmeter with the governing valve sets up spout on the ammonia branch pipe.
As a preferred scheme of the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, the injection assembly further comprises an ammonia injection valve, and the ammonia injection valve is arranged in the injection main pipe.
A control method of the optimization system of the tail denitration and furnace burning combination according to any one of the above schemes, comprising the following steps:
s1, changing the total amount of secondary air entering the boiler through the secondary air port to change O in the flue gas in the first flue detected by the denitration inlet detection assembly2Until O in the flue gas in the first flue2The concentration of (a) is within a preset range of oxygen;
s2, respectively adjusting the opening degree of each layer of secondary air door to enable the denitration inlet detection assembly to detect the uniformity of the concentration of CO in the flue gas at a plurality of first detection points distributed along the width direction of the first flue until the uniformity of the concentration of CO in the flue gas detected at the first detection points is within a preset range;
s3, changing NH injected into the first flue by the injection assembly3To change the concentration of NOx in the denitrated and desulfurized clean flue gas, and simultaneously respectively adjusting the NH injection of the injection assembly to the first flue from a plurality of injection points distributed along the width direction of the first flue3To change the flow rate of NOx and NH in the flue gas detected by the denitration outlet detection assembly at a plurality of second detection points distributed along the width direction of the second flue3Concentration until the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas detected by the clean flue gas detection part is in the preset range of nitrogen oxides and NH detected by the second detection point3The concentration of (b) is within a preset range of ammonia gas.
As a preferable example of the control method of the optimization system in which the tail denitration is combined with the in-furnace combustion, before S1, if the amount of pulverized coal and the primary air volume of the burner are changed, the total amount of secondary air is changed according to the amount of pulverized coal and the primary air volume.
As a preferable mode of the control method of the optimization system of the combination of the tail denitration and the furnace combustion, in S3, the deviation of the NOx concentration detected at the plurality of second detection points of the denitration outlet detection module from the average NOx concentration at the plurality of second detection points is less than 5mg/m3。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion, which can change O in flue gas by adjusting the total amount of secondary air2Concentration, improve the combustion efficiency of boiler, can change the concentration of the CO in different regions through the aperture that changes the overgrate air mouth to make the distribution of NOx in different regions in the first flue comparatively even, injection assembly can be followed the width direction of first flue and jetted NH in towards the flue gas3Thereby adjusting NH3Thereby changing the NOx and NH detected by the denitration outlet detection module3The concentration of the NOx in the clean flue gas is reduced, the probability of dust deposition and corrosion of downstream equipment is reduced, and the concentration of the NOx in the clean flue gas detected by the clean flue gas detection element is finally changed, so that the concentration meets the environmental protection assessment index.
The invention discloses a control method of an optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion2The total amount of the secondary air is changed, then, the opening degree of the air door of each layer of secondary air opening is adjusted to change the uniformity of the concentration of CO in the flue gas distributed in the width direction of the first flue, so that the distribution of NOx in the first flue is more uniform, and then, the NH sprayed into the first flue by the spraying assembly is changed3So that the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas meets the requirement, and finally, respectively adjusting a plurality of injection points of the injection assembly distributed along the width direction of the first flue to inject NH to the first flue3To change the width direction of the denitration outlet detection assembly along the second flueTo NOx and NH in the distributed flue gas3Concentration, thereby reducing local NOx and NH3The possibility of excessive concentrations leading to ash deposition and corrosion in downstream equipment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optimization system for tail denitration combined with in-furnace combustion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a denitration inlet detection assembly of an optimization system for tail denitration and in-furnace combustion provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a denitration outlet detection assembly of an optimization system for tail denitration combined with in-furnace combustion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spray assembly of an optimization system for tail denitration combined with in-furnace combustion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a control method of the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a boiler; 10. a secondary tuyere;
2. a burner;
3. a denitration inlet detection assembly; 31. a denitration inlet main pipe; 32. an inlet detection member; 33. a denitration inlet communicating member; 331. an inlet sampling branch pipe; 332. an inlet shutoff valve; 34. an inlet flow detector;
4. a spray assembly; 41. an ammonia source; 42. a jet main pipe; 43. a total flow meter; 44. a dilution tube; 45. a fan; 46. an injection unit; 461. an ammonia injection branch pipe; 462. a branch flowmeter; 463. adjusting a valve; 47. an ammonia injection valve;
5. a denitration catalytic component;
6. a denitration outlet detection assembly; 61. a denitration outlet main pipe; 62. an outlet detection member; 63. a denitration outlet communicating member; 631. an outlet sampling branch pipe; 632. an outlet shutoff valve; 64. an outlet flow detector;
7. a furnace combustion control module;
8. and the denitration control module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection or a removable connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment provides an optimization system combining tail denitration and furnace combustion, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, this afterbody denitration and burning combined optimization system in stove include boiler 1, multilayer combustor 2, the economizer (not shown in the figure), denitrification facility, desulphurization unit (not shown in the figure) and clean flue gas detection piece (not shown in the figure), be equipped with the secondary air port 10 that the multilayer distributes along self direction of height in boiler 1, the aperture of secondary air port 10 is adjustable, 2 intervals of multilayer combustor set up in boiler 1, the economizer communicates with boiler 1, denitrification facility includes along the denitration entry determine module 3 that flue gas flow direction distributes in proper order, spray module 4, denitration catalytic module 5 and denitration export determine module 6, denitration catalytic module 5 communicates through first flue (not shown in the figure) with the economizer, denitration entry determine module 3 can follow the width direction of first flue and detect the O in the flue gas of different regions respectively.2CO concentration, the injection assembly 4 can inject NH into the flue gas along the width direction of the first flue3And the denitration catalytic component 5 is used for enabling nitrogen oxides and NH in the flue gas3Reaction, denitration catalysis subassembly 5 and denitration export detection subassembly 6 communicate through the second flue (not shown in the figure), and denitration export detection subassembly 6 can be followed the width direction of second flue and detected NOx and NH in the flue gas in different regions respectively3The desulfurization device is arranged at the downstream of the denitration device, and the clean flue gas detection piece is arranged at the outlet of the desulfurization device to detect the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas.
It should be noted that if it is O in the flue gas of the first flue2Too high concentration of (D) indicates high heat loss in exhaust gas, and a relatively high concentration of generated NOx, O2The low concentration can cause the reduction of combustion efficiency and control the O in the flue gas of the first flue2Helps to achieve uniformity of NOx concentration in the flue gas in the first flue. If O is2The concentration is more even, and then shows that denitrification facility's entry NOx concentration is also more even, and the NOx concentration change fluctuation in the same cross section of first flue is less promptly, and the NOx concentration fluctuation of net flue gas also can be very little this moment.The concentration of CO detected by a denitration inlet detection component 3 of the denitration device is ensured to be about 50ppm by adjusting the parameters of a combustion module in the furnace, the concentration of CO is not too high or too low, the too high concentration of CO indicates that the incomplete combustion loss is large and the efficiency of the boiler 1 is reduced, and the too low concentration of CO indicates that the oxygen content in a main combustion area is higher and the concentration of generated NOx is higher.
The optimization system that afterbody denitration and stove burning are united that this embodiment provided can change the O in the flue gas through adjusting the total amount of overgrate air2Concentration, improve boiler 1's combustion efficiency, can change the concentration of the CO in different regions through changing the aperture of secondary air port 10 to make the distribution of NOx in different regions in the first flue comparatively even, injection subassembly 4 can be followed the width direction of first flue and jetted NH in the flue gas towards the flue gas3Thereby adjusting NH3Thereby changing the NOx and NH detected by the denitration outlet detecting module 63The concentration of the NOx in the clean flue gas is reduced, the probability of dust deposition and corrosion of downstream equipment is reduced, and the concentration of the NOx in the clean flue gas detected by the clean flue gas detection element is finally changed, so that the concentration meets the environmental protection assessment index.
When the boiler 1 is actually operated, the fluctuation of the concentration of NOx in the flue gas detected by the inlet detection element 32 is large under the influence of the load change of the boiler 1The variation amplitude can reach +/-30 mg/Nm3NH at the cross section upstream of the denitration catalyst module 53The local regions where the molar ratio to NOx exceeds 1.0 will be greatly increased, the NH in these regions3Far exceeding the allowable value, and increasing the number of the denitration catalyst layers of the denitration catalyst component 52And SO3The conversion rate is improved, and a large amount of NH is generated4HSO4The fly ash is liquid in the temperature range of 146-207 ℃, has very strong viscosity, is very easy to capture, and if not cleaned in time, the fly ash adhered to the surfaces of an air preheater, a dust remover and the like can be agglomerated into hard blocks, so that the conventional steam soot blowing is difficult to effectively clean, and finally the serious blockage problem is caused.
It should be noted that, each inlet sampling branch pipe 331 of the denitration inlet communicating member 33 of the embodiment is made of a steel pipe, the windward side of the inlet sampling branch pipe 331 is subjected to abrasion-proof treatment to reduce the abrasion of the solid particles in the flue gas to the inlet sampling branch pipe 331, and the leeward side of the inlet sampling branch pipe 331 is provided with an inlet sampling hole to detect the O of the flue gas in the first flue2And the concentration of CO.
Specifically, each burner 2 corresponds to one secondary tuyere 10, and since the number of the denitration inlet communicating pieces 33 is the same as the number of the burners 2 on each layer, each secondary tuyere 10 of the present embodiment corresponds to one denitration inlet communicating piece 33. In order to confirm the corresponding relationship between each secondary air opening 10 of each secondary air opening 10 and the denitration inlet communicating piece 33, in the actual detection, the opening degree of one secondary air opening 10 is changed for multiple times, and O detected by four denitration inlet communicating pieces 33 is respectively detected2And the concentration of CO, determining one denitration inlet communicating piece 33 which is most influenced by the secondary air quantity of the secondary air inlet 10, respectively determining three denitration inlet communicating pieces 33 corresponding to the other three secondary air inlets 10 according to the method, and finally, enabling the four secondary air inlets 10 positioned on the same layer to respectively form one-to-one correspondence with the four denitration inlet communicating pieces 33 so as to change the O in the flue gas of a certain area2And the concentration of CO, the secondary air quantity of the secondary air port 10 corresponding to the concentration of CO is adjusted.
In other embodiments, if it occurs in the number of burners 2 per floorThe number of the denitration inlet communicating pieces 33 is changed along with the change of the denitration inlet communicating pieces 33, so that each combustor 2 on the same layer can be ensured to correspond to one denitration inlet communicating piece 33, and the aim of changing the secondary air volume sprayed out from the secondary air port 10 corresponding to the combustor 2 is fulfilled to realize the O-shaped air volume of the flue gas in the first flue2And the purpose of adjustment of the concentration of CO.
As shown in fig. 3, the denitration outlet detecting assembly 6 of the present embodiment includes a denitration outlet main pipe 61, an outlet detecting member 62 and four denitration outlet communicating members 63, the outlet detecting member 62 is disposed on the denitration outlet main pipe 61, the four denitration outlet communicating members 63 are distributed along the width direction of the second flue, each denitration outlet communicating member 63 is respectively communicated with the second flue and the denitration outlet main pipe 61, each denitration outlet communicating member 63 includes an outlet sampling branch pipe 631 and an outlet stop valve 632 disposed on the outlet sampling branch pipe 631, the outlet detecting member 62 selectively detects NOx and NH in flue gas in the denitration outlet communicating member 633The concentration of (c). In other embodiments, the number of the denitration outlet communication members 63 of the denitration outlet detecting assembly 6 is not limited to four in this embodiment, and may be other numbers, specifically set according to actual needs. The outlet of the denitration outlet main pipe 61 and the outlet of the air preheater form a negative pressure flue, and the flue gas can automatically flow by utilizing the pressure difference between the outlet and the outlet, wherein the air preheater is positioned between the denitration device and the desulfurization device.
It should be noted that, each outlet sampling branch pipe 631 of the denitration outlet communicating member 63 of the embodiment is made of a steel pipe, the windward side of the denitration outlet communicating member is subjected to anti-abrasion treatment to reduce the abrasion of the solid particles in the flue gas to the outlet sampling branch pipe 631, nine outlet sampling holes are formed in the leeward side of the outlet sampling branch pipe 631, and the average NOx and NH of the flue gas are calculated according to nine samples on each pipe3So as to obtain NOx and NH at corresponding positions of the second flue in the width direction3The concentration of (c). In other embodiments, the number of the outlet sampling holes on each outlet sampling branch pipe 631 is not limited to nine in this embodiment, and may be other numbers, specifically set according to actual needs.
In this embodiment, each inlet sampling branch pipe 331 is provided with an inlet air storage component (not shown), the inlet air storage component is located at the upstream of the inlet stop valve 332, each outlet sampling branch pipe 631 is provided with an outlet air storage component (not shown), and the outlet air storage component is located at the upstream of the outlet stop valve 632.
Specifically, detecting O of flue gas in a first flue2And the concentration of CO, all the inlet stop valves 332 are closed first, the sample gas at the same time is stored in the inlet gas storage part, and then the inlet stop valves 332 are opened respectively to perform O of the flue gas in each area2And detection of the concentration of CO. During detection, only one inlet sampling branch pipe 331 is reserved to be communicated with the denitration inlet main pipe 31, other inlet sampling branch pipes 331 are not communicated with the denitration inlet main pipe 31, and then other inlet sampling branch pipes 331 are communicated with the denitration inlet main pipe 31 in sequence, so that rapid detection is realized; the communication time of each inlet sampling branch pipe 331 and the denitration inlet mother pipe 31 is controlled to be between 10s and 15 s. In other embodiments, the communication time between each inlet sampling branch pipe 331 and the denitration inlet main pipe 31 is not limited to this limitation of this embodiment, and may be other time lengths, which are specifically selected according to actual needs.
Likewise, NOx and NH of flue gas in the second flue are detected3When the concentration of the NOx and NH in the flue gas is higher than the concentration of the (CO), all the outlet stop valves 632 are closed, the sample gas at the same time is stored in the outlet gas storage part, and then the outlet stop valves 632 are opened respectively to perform NOx and NH of the flue gas in each area3Detection of the concentration of (2). During detection, only one outlet sampling branch pipe 631 is communicated with the denitration outlet main pipe 61, other outlet sampling branch pipes 631 are not communicated with the denitration outlet main pipe 61, and then other outlet sampling branch pipes 631 are sequentially communicated with the denitration outlet main pipe 61, so that rapid detection is realized; the communication time of each outlet sampling branch pipe 631 and the denitration outlet main pipe 61 is controlled to be between 10s and 15 s. In other embodiments, the communication time between each outlet sampling branch pipe 631 and the denitration outlet main pipe 61 is not limited to this limitation of this embodiment, and may be other time periods, which are specifically selected according to actual needs.
As shown in fig. 2, the denitration inlet header 31 of the present embodiment is provided with an inlet flow rate detector 34, and as shown in fig. 3, the denitration outlet header 61 is provided with an outlet flow rate detector 64. Specifically, the inlet flow rate detector 34 is configured to detect a flue gas flow rate flowing through the denitration inlet header 31, and if a flow rate value detected by the inlet flow rate detector 34 is smaller than the flue gas flow rate of the boiler 1 under the same operation condition and a difference value between the two is large, it is determined that the denitration inlet header 31 of the denitration inlet detection assembly 3 or the inlet sampling branch pipe 331 is blocked. Similarly, the outlet flow rate detector 64 is configured to detect a flue gas flow rate flowing through the denitration outlet header 61, and if a flow rate value detected by the outlet flow rate detector 64 is smaller than a flue gas flow rate of the boiler 1 under the same operation condition and a difference value between the two is large, it is determined that the denitration outlet header 61 of the denitration outlet detection assembly 6 or the outlet sampling branch pipe 631 is blocked. In other embodiments, an inlet temperature detector may be disposed on the denitration inlet header 31, and an outlet temperature detector may be disposed on the denitration outlet header 61, and the inlet temperature detector and the outlet temperature detector are used to correct the measurement result.
As shown in fig. 4, the injection assembly 4 of the present embodiment includes an ammonia gas source 41, an injection main pipe 42, a total flow meter 43, a dilution pipe 44, a blower 45, and four injection units 46, wherein the ammonia gas source 41 is used for supplying NH3The spraying main pipe 42 is communicated with the ammonia gas source 41, the total flow meter 43 is arranged on the spraying main pipe 42, the dilution pipe 44 is communicated with the spraying main pipe 42, the fan 45 is communicated with the dilution pipe 44 to introduce air into the dilution pipe 44, the four spraying units 46 are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the four denitration outlet communicating pieces 63, the four spraying units 46 are distributed along the width direction of the first flue, each spraying unit 46 comprises an ammonia spraying branch pipe 461, a branch flow meter 462 and a regulating valve 463, and the branch flow meter 462 and the regulating valve 463 are arranged on the ammonia spraying branch pipe 461. In other embodiments, the number of the injection units 46 is not limited to four in this embodiment, and may be other numbers and the same as the number of the denitration outlet communication members 63, and the injection units 46 are respectively provided in one-to-one correspondence with the denitration outlet communication members 63.
As shown in fig. 4, the injection module 4 of the present embodiment further includes an ammonia injection valve 47, the ammonia injection valve 47 is disposed in the injection main 42, and the ammonia injection valve 47 is used for controlling whether the ammonia source 41 is communicated with the injection main 42.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion in this embodiment further includes an in-furnace combustion control module 7 and a denitration control module 8, where the in-furnace combustion control module 7 is configured to adjust the amount of pulverized coal injected by the gas burner, the primary air amount, the total amount of secondary air, and the opening of the secondary air port 10, so as to achieve sufficient combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace of the boiler 1, improve the combustion efficiency of the boiler 1, and simultaneously ensure that O in flue gas entering the denitration device is O2The concentration of the flue gas is in a proper range and the concentration of CO in the flue gas is uniform, and the denitration control module 8 adjusts NH of the injection assembly 4 along the width direction of the first flue in real time according to the components and the content of the flue gas in the first flue3Finally, the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas meets the requirement, and the NOx and NH at the outlet of the denitration device are simultaneously removed3The concentration meets the requirement, and the environmental pollution and NH caused by the over-high concentration of NOx are reduced3The probability of ash deposition and corrosion of downstream equipment is caused by excessive concentration, and the effect of simultaneous optimization of tail denitration and internal combustion of the boiler 1 is achieved.
Specifically, once the heat load of the boiler 1 is determined, first, the in-furnace combustion control module 7 adjusts the amount of pulverized coal, the primary air amount, and the total amount of secondary air of the burner 2 so that the total amount of secondary air is adjusted to make O in the flue gas in the first flue2Once the total amount of the secondary air is determined, the total amount of the secondary air at the same height is basically determined, then the furnace combustion control module 7 adjusts the opening degree of the air door of each layer of the secondary air opening 10 to change the uniformity of the concentration of the CO in the flue gas distributed in the width direction of the first flue, so that the NOx in the first flue is distributed more uniformly, and then the denitration control module 8 changes the NH sprayed into the first flue by the spraying assembly 43So that the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas meets the requirements, and finally, the denitration control module 8 respectively adjusts a plurality of injection points of the injection assembly 4 distributed along the width direction of the first flue to inject NH into the first flue3To change NOx and NH in the flue gas distributed by the denitration outlet detecting unit 6 in the width direction of the second flue3Concentration, thereby reducing local NOx and NH3Too high a concentration of the active component causesProbability of ash deposition and corrosion of the trip equipment.
The present embodiment further provides a control method of the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion as described in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, including:
s1, changing the total amount of secondary air entering the boiler 1 through the secondary air port 10 to change O in the flue gas in the first flue detected by the denitration inlet detection assembly 32Until the concentration of O in the flue gas in the first flue2The concentration of (a) is within a preset range of oxygen;
s2, respectively adjusting the opening degree of each layer of secondary air port 10 air door to enable the denitration inlet detection assembly 3 to detect the uniformity of the concentration of CO in the flue gas along a plurality of first detection points distributed in the width direction of the first flue until the uniformity of the concentration of CO in the flue gas detected by the first detection points is within a preset range;
s3, changing NH injected into first flue by injection assembly 43To change the concentration of NOx in the denitrated and desulfurized clean flue gas, and simultaneously respectively adjust the NH injection points of the injection assembly 4 distributed along the width direction of the first flue to the first flue3To change the flow rate of NOx and NH in the flue gas detected by the denitration outlet detecting unit 6 at a plurality of second detecting points distributed along the width direction of the second flue3Concentration until the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas detected by the clean flue gas detection part is in the preset range of nitrogen oxides and NH at a second detection point3The concentration of (b) is within a preset range of ammonia gas.
It should be noted that the preset range of oxygen in S1 is 2% -4%, for the unit volume of flue gas, the volume of oxygen is between 0.02-0.04, it is not suitable to be too high or too low, O2Too high a concentration means high heat loss in exhaust gas and a higher concentration of generated NOx, O2Too low a concentration may result in reduced combustion efficiency.
The preset range of the uniformity of the CO concentration in S2 is not limited herein, as long as it is ensured that the difference between the CO concentrations of the flue gas in different regions in the width direction of the first flue is not large, and the preset range is specifically selected according to actual needs.
For a boiler 1 with tangential firing at four corners, the first preset range of nitrogen oxides in the clean flue gas in S3 is 0-50mg/Nm3For the opposed firing boiler 1, the preset range of nitrogen oxides in the clean flue gas of S3 is 0-30mg/Nm3So as to reduce the pollution of the clean smoke to the environment. NH at second detection Point in S33The preset range of the ammonia gas is a proper range which does not affect the normal operation of downstream equipment, and the preset range of the ammonia gas is not further limited and is specifically set according to actual needs.
The control method of the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of firstly, according to O in flue gas in a first flue2The total amount of the secondary air is changed, then, the opening degree of the air door of each layer of the secondary air opening 10 is adjusted to change the uniformity of the concentration of CO in the flue gas distributed in the width direction of the first flue, so that the distribution of NOx in the first flue is more uniform, and then, the NH sprayed into the first flue by the spraying component 4 is changed3So that the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas meets the requirements, and finally, adjusting the NH injection of the injection assembly 4 to the first flue at a plurality of injection points distributed along the width direction of the first flue respectively3To change NOx and NH in the flue gas distributed by the denitration outlet detecting unit 6 in the width direction of the second flue3Concentration, thereby reducing local NOx and NH3The possibility of excessive concentrations leading to ash deposition and corrosion in downstream equipment.
Before S1, if the amount of pulverized coal and the primary air volume of the burner 2 are changed, the total amount of secondary air is changed according to the amount of pulverized coal and the primary air volume. Specifically, once the heat load of the boiler 1 is changed, the amount of pulverized coal sprayed from the burner 2 and the primary air volume are changed, and at this time, the total amount of secondary air entering the boiler 1 from the secondary air port 10 is adjusted to match the secondary air volume with the pulverized coal volume, and simultaneously, it is ensured that the denitration inlet detection assembly 3 detects O in flue gas in the first flue2The concentration of (2) is in the preset range of oxygen, so that the control method of the optimization system combining tail denitration and in-furnace combustion in the embodiment is suitable for the working condition that the heat load of the boiler 1 is changed.
In S3, up to this pointThe deviation of the NOx concentration detected at the plurality of second detection points of the denitration outlet detection assembly 6 of the embodiment from the average concentration of NOx at the plurality of second detection points is less than 5mg/m3The amount of ammonia injected is considered to satisfy the demand.
In a practical engineering implementation, the concentration of NOx in the clean flue gas and the injected NH of the injection assembly 4 are first established separately3Total amount of NH sprayed from each control valve 4633The model relationship between the divided flow rate of (a) and the NOx concentration at the corresponding position detected by the denitration outlet detection module 6, the NOx concentration detected by the denitration inlet detection module 3 and the NOx concentration at the corresponding position detected by the denitration outlet detection module 6 is roughly adjusted by total amount adjustment, and fine adjustment is performed according to each partition control.
Specifically, the denitration control module 8 of the present embodiment can detect NOx and NH at the outlet of the denitration device based on the denitration outlet detection module 63The concentration distribution in the width direction of the second flue changes the ammonia gas concentration in different regions in the width direction of the first flue by adjusting the opening degree of each of the adjusting valves 463 of the injection module 4. Specifically, the injected NH of the injector assembly 43Is in direct proportion to the concentration of NOx detected by the denitration outlet detection component 6 and NH detected by the denitration outlet detection component 63Is inversely proportional. When the NOx concentration of a certain region is detected to increase by the NOx outlet detection module 6, the opening degree of the adjustment valve 463 at the corresponding position is increased; when the NOx concentration in this region decreases, the opening degree of the adjusting valve 463 at the corresponding position decreases. By controlling the NH injected by the injector assembly 43The total amount of the NOx in the clean flue gas is adjusted, so that the environmental protection assessment requirement is met.
Note that once NOx and NH are present3Meanwhile, in the case of exceeding the standard, whether the instrument is in fault or not needs to be considered, and the influence caused by control delay needs to be considered, so that the denitration control module 8 is debugged.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
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Application publication date: 20210709 |