CN113079920A - Seedling raising method for Calligonum mongolicum - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for Calligonum mongolicum Download PDFInfo
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- 241000538698 Calligonum mongolicum Species 0.000 title description 33
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种沙拐枣的育苗方法，包括以下步骤：S1.种子前处理：将沙拐枣用磙子滚动碾压除去种子表面的绒刺；S2.播种：在气温达到20～25℃时，采用撒播方法进行播种，播种量为60～80kg/亩，播种后用磙子碾压踏实，使种子入土，并在表面覆沙1～2cm；播种后及时灌第一次水，待覆沙显示出干的迹象后，再浇灌第二次水，如此连续浇灌3～4次水，直至种子发芽破土；S3.苗期管理。本发明通过将沙拐枣种子用磙子滚动，除去种子表面的绒刺后，然后采用干种撒播育苗，并加强水分管理，可弥补现有技术沙拐枣育苗技术的不足，显著提高种子发芽率和产苗量。The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of jujube shaguai, comprising the following steps: S1. seed pretreatment: rolling and rolling the jujube shaguai with a zigzag to remove the burrs on the surface of the seeds; S2. sowing: when the temperature reaches 20-25 When the temperature is ℃, the sowing method is used for sowing, and the seeding rate is 60-80kg/mu. After sowing, the seeds are rolled down to make the seeds go into the soil, and the surface is covered with sand for 1-2cm; After the sand covering shows signs of drying, water for the second time, so that the water is continuously watered 3 to 4 times until the seeds germinate and break the soil; S3. Seedling stage management. The invention can make up for the deficiencies in the prior art of the jujube shaguai seedling raising technology and significantly improve the germination of the seeds by rolling the seeds of jujube shaguai with a thorn to remove the thorns on the surface of the seeds, and then using dry seeds to sow the seedlings and strengthen the water management. rate and seedling yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method of Calligonum mongolicum.
Background
Calligonum mongolicum Turcz is an excellent wind-proof sand-fixing pioneer species, grows in moving and semi-moving dunes, has the characteristics of wind erosion resistance, sand burying resistance, drought resistance, ridge thinness resistance and the like, has dense branches, strong sprout-tillering capability and developed root system, can adapt to arid desert areas with extremely severe conditions, and is a typical desert plant. The special fruit shape and various colors of the fruit become the main pioneer tree species for afforestation, greening and beautifying in arid areas and sandy areas. The natural Calligonum mongolicum has two modes of root breeding and seed breeding, the seed breeding is mostly adopted during artificial breeding, but the seed is hard, has hair with thorns and low germination rate, the artificial planting of the Calligonum mongolicum is hindered to a certain degree, the breeding cost is increased, and the phenomena of high seedling price, seedling shortage and the like exist during popularization. Therefore, the applicant provides a method suitable for the popularization and seedling raising of Calligonum mongolicum by carrying out seedling raising for many years, and aims to provide a basis for the wide popularization and application of Calligonum mongolicum.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising method of Calligonum mongolicum in order to solve the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a seedling raising method of Calligonum mongolicum comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of seeds: flatly paving Calligonum mongolicum seeds with the thickness of 2-5 cm, rolling the seeds for 1.5-2.5 hours by using a roller until burrs on the surfaces of the seeds are removed, and screening the full seeds for sowing;
s2, sowing: sowing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, wherein the sowing quantity is 60-80 kg/mu, rolling and compacting by using a roller after sowing to enable the seeds to be buried, and covering the surface with 1-2 cm of sand; after sowing, timely irrigating the first water, after sand covering shows a dry sign, irrigating the second water, and continuously irrigating the second water for 3-4 times until seeds germinate and break the soil;
s3, seedling management: and during the growth period of the seedling, the number of times of watering is determined according to the climate and natural rainfall condition of the current year, the water is watered for 1-2 times in 6-8 months at a higher temperature, and if overwintering is carried out, sufficient winter water is watered before overwintering.
Preferably, the roller in steps S1 and S2 has a weight of 100 to 150kg and a diameter of 50 to 80 cm.
Preferably, step S2 includes a step of preparing soil before sowing, where the method for preparing soil includes: deeply ploughing the soil by at least 30cm in autumn before the seedling cultivation, applying organic fertilizer 3-4 t/mu in combination with deep ploughing, irrigating enough winter water, and after thawing the soil surface layer 3 months before the next year, harrowing, grinding, compacting and preserving soil moisture.
Preferably, step S2 includes the step of disinfecting the entire field before sowing, wherein the disinfecting method includes: spraying the liquid medicine of which the volume is 500 times that of the 55 percent dexon to the surface of the prepared field.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of outplanting the nursery stock after the seedling is formed; the time of outplanting the nursery stock is that before the seedling is frozen in the current year or after the seedling is thawed in the next year, when the seedling is lifted, a hole is opened beyond 20cm of one side of the seedling, the hole depth is more than or equal to 40cm, then the seedling is lifted, the root system of the seedling is kept complete, then the seedling is lifted, graded and heeled in, when the heeled in, a place with good leeward and drainage is selected, a heeled planting ditch is dug, the seedling is obliquely placed into the ditch according to the grade, the root is buried with wet soil, and the buried soil exceeds the root by at least 20 cm.
According to the method, the Calligonum mongolicum seeds are rolled by the rollers, the burrs on the surfaces of the seeds are removed, then the seedlings are sown in a dry mode, the water management is enhanced, the defects of the Calligonum mongolicum seedling raising technology in the prior art can be overcome, and the germination rate and the seedling yield of the seeds are remarkably improved.
Detailed Description
The seedling raising method of Calligonum mongolicum provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of seeds: flatly paving Calligonum mongolicum seeds with the thickness of 2-5 cm, rolling the seeds for 1.5-2.5 hours by using a roller until burrs on the surfaces of the seeds are removed, screening the full seeds, and directly sowing the seeds;
s2, sowing: sowing at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, wherein the sowing quantity is 60-80 kg/mu, rolling and compacting by using a roller after sowing, fully burying the seeds, and covering 1-2 cm of sand on the surface; after sowing, timely irrigating the first water, after sand covering shows a dry sign, irrigating the second water, and continuously irrigating the second water for 3-4 times until seeds germinate and break the soil;
s3, seedling management: and during the growth period of the seedling, the number of times of watering is determined according to the climate and natural rainfall condition of the current year, the water is watered for 1-2 times in 6-8 months at a higher temperature, and if the seedling is overwintering, the seedling is timely watered sufficiently before overwintering.
The Calligonum mongolicum seeds are hard, the pericarp is thick, and the Calligonum mongolicum seeds have thorn hairs, so that the Calligonum mongolicum seeds are difficult to germinate and have low natural germination rate. Therefore, the invention firstly adopts the roller to roll the seeds, destroys the hard shells of the seeds and removes the burrs on the surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds are easy to absorb water during the later dry seeding, and the germination rate is obviously improved, but the other seed treatment methods such as sulfuric acid soaking treatment, potassium permanganate soaking treatment, direct seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment and the like can not achieve the same technical effect. After the seeds are rolled by the rollers, the treated seeds can be directly sown, the sowing amount is preferably 60-80 kg/mu, and the phenomena of crowded seedlings and weak seedlings are easily caused due to excessive sowing amount; after sowing, firstly, rolling and compacting by using a roller to fully insert the seeds into the soil, then timely covering sand, keeping the covered sand in a wet state all the time, and using the roller to maintain fertilizer and moisture, wherein the emergence rate can reach more than 65%, and the water and fertilizer management is standardized during the growth period of the grown seedlings, and the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 90%.
Preferably, the rollers in steps S1 and S2 have a weight of 100-150 kg and a diameter of 50-80 cm, and can be rolled by a three-wheel or four-wheel vehicle.
Preferably, step S2 further includes a step of soil preparation before sowing, and the soil preparation method includes: deeply ploughing the soil by at least 30cm in autumn before the seedling cultivation, applying organic fertilizer 3-4 t/mu in combination with deep ploughing, irrigating enough winter water, and after thawing the soil surface layer 3 months before the next year, harrowing, grinding, compacting and preserving soil moisture.
Preferably, step S2 includes a step of disinfecting the field, wherein the disinfecting step sprays 500 times of 55% dexon liquid medicine on the surface of the field. Through the field disinfection treatment, the influence of microbes such as bacteria, viruses and the like during seedling raising can be reduced, the incidence of seedlings is reduced, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step of outplanting the nursery stock after the seedling is formed; the time of seedling outplanting is that before the seedling is frozen in the year or after the seedling is thawed in the next year, when the seedling is lifted, a hole is opened beyond 20cm of one side of the seedling, the hole depth is more than or equal to 40cm, then the seedling is lifted, the root system of the seedling is kept complete, then the seedling is lifted, graded and heeled in, when the heeled in is planted, a place with good leeward and drainage is selected, a heeled in planting ditch is dug, the seedling is obliquely placed into the ditch according to grades, the root is buried with wet soil, and the buried soil exceeds the root by at least 20 cm.
The seedling raising method of Calligonum mongolicum is particularly suitable for Hexi corridor areas.
Example 1
1. Place and time of implementation
In the embodiment, seedling is grown in a small dam mouth seedling raising base of Lin-Right ecological breeding limited company in civil county of Wuwei City, Gansu province, the area belongs to temperate continental arid climate, and the soil is sandy loam.
2. Method of producing a composite material
2.1 seed harvesting and storage
Collecting mature seeds of the natural population of Calligonum mongolicum in 8-9 months, naturally air-drying, removing inferior seeds and impurities, filling into a cloth bag, and placing in a ventilated and dry place for later use.
2.2 preparation of soil
Selecting sandy soil, deeply ploughing the soil by 30cm in the autumn before spring seedling culture, applying organic fertilizer 3.5 t/mu in combination with deep ploughing, and irrigating enough winter water. After the soil surface layer is unfrozen in the first ten days of 3 months in the next year, harrowing and grinding are carried out, and soil moisture is preserved by compacting.
2.3 growing seedlings
2.3.1 seed pretreatment
Selecting clean, hard and flat field (similar to wheat threshing field) with area of about 500m2Uniformly spreading Calligonum mongolicum seeds in a field with the thickness of about 3cm, pulling a stone roller (with the weight of about 100kg and the diameter of 80cm) by using a four-wheel vehicle to roll the seeds for 2 hours so as to fully remove burrs on the surfaces of the Calligonum mongolicum seeds, then removing impurities and empty combs in the Calligonum mongolicum seeds by using a seed screening machine, filling the screened full and excellent seeds into a cloth bag for standby, and placing the cloth bag in a ventilated and dried place for standby.
2.3.2 Disinfection
Shallow irrigation is carried out for 1 time in the seedling raising land which is finished according to 2.2 before sowing, seeding can be carried out when the surface of soil seeped underwater is slightly dry, and the soil is disinfected by spraying 500 times of 55% dexon before sowing.
2.3.3 sowing
Sowing is carried out at 28 days (the temperature is about 20-25 ℃) after 4 months, sowing is carried out by adopting a sowing method, screened high-quality seeds are uniformly sowed on the prepared seedling growing land during sowing, the sowing quantity is 70 kg/mu, the seeds are compacted by rolling with a roller after sowing, the seeds are fully buried, and the surface is covered with sand by 2 cm; and (3) irrigating water for the first time after sowing, irrigating water for the second time after sand covering shows a dry sign, and continuously irrigating for 4 times, wherein the seeds with vitality basically germinate and break the soil, and the germination rate reaches 65%.
2.3.4 tending management in seedling stage
Water content management: during the growth period of the seedling, water is respectively filled for 1 time in 6 months and 15 days, 7 months and 20 days and 8 months and 25 days;
weeding: the grass can be removed.
The survival rate of the seedlings reaches 90 percent, and the yield of the seedlings is 9.3 ten thousand plants/mu.
Comparative example 1
1. Location and time of experiment
The test is carried out in a laboratory of the wine grape engineering center of the forestry scientific research institute of Wuwei city, Gansu province, and an indoor test is carried out in 2019 in 10-12 months.
2. Test method
2.1 seed harvesting and storage
Collecting mature seeds of the natural population of Calligonum mongolicum in 8-9 months, naturally air-drying, removing inferior seeds and impurities, filling into a cloth bag, and placing in a ventilated and dry place for later use.
2.2 Germination accelerating treatment
Accelerating germination: treatment 1: soaking the disinfected Calligonum rubicundunm seeds in concentrated sulfuric acid for 30s, quickly taking out the Calligonum rubicundunm seeds, and then sucking redundant concentrated sulfuric acid on sterilized filter paper; and (3) treatment 2: putting Calligonum mongolicum seeds in boiling water for a microwave oven, boiling for 5min, turning over the seeds slightly during boiling, quickly taking out the seeds after 5min, sucking excess water on a sterilized filter paper, and treating for 3: putting the Calligonum mongolicum seeds in a glass container, and refrigerating for 15 days in a refrigerator at 4 ℃; and (4) treatment: after the rollers roll and remove the burrs, a germination test is carried out; comparison: the seeds were not treated at all.
Seed disinfection: sterilizing with ultraviolet lamp for 30min, selecting seeds with plump and uniform size, placing in 250ml beaker, sterilizing with 75% ethanol for 1min, and sterilizing with 0.1% HgCl2The solution is sterilized for 3min, and finally washed with sterile water for 5 times, and placed on sterilized filter paper to suck off excessive water.
Germination test: placing the treated seeds in a culture dish which is autoclaved and paved with 2 layers of sterilized filter paper and has the diameter of 9cm, uniformly placing the seeds in the culture dish by using tweezers, repeating the treatment for 3 seeds, repeating the treatment for 20 seeds, spraying sterilized distilled water to moisturize the filter paper, spraying sterile water for 1 time every 24 hours to moisturize the filter paper all the time, placing the culture dish in an incubator at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out a germination test without illumination.
2.3 statistics of the germination percentage
As shown in table 1, the germination percentage of the event 4 after the roller rolling treatment was 13.3% at the maximum, the germination percentage of the event 1, 2, and 3 treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, heating, and freezing was 0, and the germination percentage of the event 1, 2, and 3 treated with concentrated sulfuric acid was 3.3% in the control group without any treatment and did not substantially germinate, and it was confirmed that the germination percentage of the event is significantly increased after the burrs were removed by the roller rolling.
TABLE 1
| Pregermination treatment | Percentage of germination (%) |
| Process 1 | 0 |
| Treatment 2 | 0 |
| Treatment 3 | 0 |
| Treatment 4 | 13.3 |
| Control | 3.3 |
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the comparative example employed pregermination and the seeding method was different from that of example 1.
1. Location and time of experiment
The test is carried out in a small dam mouth nursery site of a Lin-Authority ecological breeding limited company in civil county of Wuwei City, Gansu province, the area belongs to temperate continental arid climate, and the soil is sandy loam.
2. Test method
2.1 seed harvesting and storage
Collecting mature seeds of the natural population of Calligonum mongolicum in 8-9 months, naturally air-drying, removing inferior seeds and impurities, filling into a cloth bag, and placing in a ventilated and dry place for later use.
2.2 preparation of soil
Selecting sandy soil, deeply ploughing the soil by 30cm in the autumn before spring seedling culture, applying organic fertilizer 3.5 t/mu in combination with deep ploughing, and irrigating enough winter water. After the soil surface layer is unfrozen in the first ten days of 3 months in the next year, harrowing and grinding are carried out, and soil moisture is preserved by compacting.
2.3 growing seedlings
2.3.1 seed pretreatment
Selecting clean, hard and flat field (similar to wheat threshing field) with area of about 500m2Uniformly spreading Calligonum mongolicum seeds in a field with the thickness of about 3cm, pulling a stone roller (with the weight of about 100kg and the diameter of 80cm) by using a four-wheel vehicle to roll the seeds for 2 hours so as to fully remove burrs on the surfaces of the Calligonum mongolicum seeds, then removing impurities and empty combs in the Calligonum mongolicum seeds by using a seed screening machine, filling the screened full and excellent seeds into a cloth bag for standby, and placing the cloth bag in a ventilated and dried place for standby.
2.3.2 pregermination
And (3) carrying out germination accelerating treatment on the excellent seeds screened by the method before sowing, wherein the germination accelerating is started in 25 days after 4 months, and the temperature is about 20-22 ℃. The germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in water for 5 days, changing water for 2 times every day during the soaking period, mixing the soaked seeds with dry sand uniformly according to a ratio of 1:10, filling into woven bags, sealing (about two thirds of each bag), stacking in a stacking manner, covering with a shed film, and sowing after 3 days when germs are slightly exposed and white.
2.3.3 Disinfection
Before sowing, the soil which is prepared according to 2.2 is watered 1 time in a shallow way, the seeds can be sown when the surface of the soil which is infiltrated underwater is slightly dry, and the soil is disinfected by spraying 500 times of 55 percent of fenaminosulf.
2.3.4 sowing
Sowing is carried out at 3 days after 5 months (the temperature is about 21-25 ℃), sowing is carried out by adopting a drill method, a sowing ditch with the depth of 4cm is firstly opened when sowing, the row width is 20cm, high-quality seeds subjected to germination accelerating treatment are uniformly sowed in the sowing ditch, the sowing quantity is 70 kg/mu, and then the surface is covered with sand for 2 cm; after sowing, the first water is timely irrigated, and the second water is irrigated after the 5 th sowing, so that the germination and the soil breaking of the seeds with vitality can be basically guaranteed, and the germination rate is 20%.
2.3.5 tending management in the seedling stage (same as Experimental example 12.3.4)
Water content management: during the growth period of the seedling, water is respectively irrigated for 1 time in 16 days in 6 months, 22 days in 7 months and 22 days in 8 months;
weeding: the grass can be removed.
The survival rate of the seedlings reaches 90 percent, and the yield of the seedlings is 3.7 ten thousand plants/mu.
2.3.6 outplanting of nursery stock
In 11 months (before freezing) of the seedling, the seedlings are started to be lifted, furrows are firstly ditched outside 20cm of one side of a seedling row, the depth of the furrows is more than or equal to 40cm, then the seedlings are ditched and lifted along the row in sequence, and the root system of the seedlings is kept complete without tearing and damaging the root bark. The seedlings are lifted, graded and heeled in. Selecting a place with good leeward and drainage during temporary planting, digging a temporary planting ditch, placing the seedlings into the ditch in an inclined manner according to grades, burying the roots with wet soil, wherein the buried soil exceeds the roots by 20 cm.
In this comparative example, compared to example 1, the seed was sown by the drill method, and after sowing, the seed was directly covered with sand, and was not rolled with a roller, and the moisture management was not proper, and the germination rate was low, only about 20%, which was about one third of that of example 1, and the amount of the produced seedlings was much lower than that of example 1 even when the seed was sown after the germination process. The analysis reason may be that the crust of the Calligonum mongolicum seed is hard, the fluff is more, the seed is crowded after drilling, the direct covered sand seed is not fully buried, the moisture and nutrition in the later period are not guaranteed, so that the hard crust of the Calligonum mongolicum seed is difficult to crack, and the germination is influenced. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the seedling raising method provided by the embodiment can obviously improve the germination rate of the Calligonum mongolicum in large-scale breeding in the field and improve the seedling emergence amount.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
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