CN101473754A - Cultivation method for preventing damage of successive crop - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to "a cultivation method for preventing damage caused by repeated cropping", which belongs to the field of agriculture. The invention discloses a cultivation method for preventing damage from repeated cropping, which comprises two steps of digging a planting hole and planting plants. Before planting the plants, an insulating material capable of isolating plant roots in the planting hole is laid on the side wall and bottom of the planting hole. Through the efficient regulation of plant root growth and root zone environment, the root system of the plant will only grow in the controlled area throughout its life without going out to pollute other soils. The last planting point is free, so it achieves the effect of crop rotation in a small area and prevents the damage of repeated cropping. It requires less manpower and material resources, strong operability, no environmental pollution, and can maintain the sustainable use of soil. Suitable for most plants, it is especially valuable for crops with difficult rotations such as fruit trees.

Description

A Cultivation Method Against Hazards of Repeated Cropping

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a cultivation method for preventing damage from repeated cropping.

Background technique

Hazards of repeated cropping: also known as the phenomenon of avoiding land and continuous cropping obstacles, it means that the same tree or crop is repeatedly planted in the same plot, and the soil is compacted due to substances such as alkaloids secreted by the roots of the plants, and the germs carried by the root tissues of the plants pollute the soil , so that the next crop of plants will have poor growth and development, serious diseases, low fruit quality or even no fruit. On fruit trees, it is mainly manifested in the renewal of varieties, such as using old orchards to rebuild orchards, the planting survival rate is very low, and the surviving fruit trees also grow poorly, mostly manifested as short plants, weak growth, few branches, and slightly shorter new leaves; small leaves And chlorosis, early leaf fall; abnormal root development, few results, low yield, poor fruit quality, reduced resistance; serious disease, premature tree senescence, and extremely low economic benefits. Peach stubble disease is the most serious disease in northern deciduous fruit trees. If you plant peach trees again in the old peach orchard that has been planed, it is often a waste of effort. The newly planted peach trees basically have no new roots in the same year, and the new branches that grow on the seedlings are generally extremely short, and most of them wither in the same year.

For the prevention and control of heavy cropping hazards, the current production mainly adopts measures such as chemical control, integrated field management and control, biological control, breeding of resistant varieties, and reasonable crop rotation intercropping. Chemical control refers to the application of chemical agents to treat the soil to prevent and control the hazards of heavy cropping. The shortcomings of chemical control, such as pesticide residues, damage to the earth's ecological environment, and damage to the sustainable use of land, make it impossible to promote it on a large scale. It is not a long-term solution to prevent and control the damage of heavy cropping; integrated field management and control mainly refers to the prevention and control of the damage to plants caused by heavy cropping through some agricultural operations, but the amount of labor is large, and as time goes by, rot of different years will remain in the soil Roots will still cause similar disaster impacts to cropping hazards. Biological control refers to the use of one or more organisms other than humans to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria or weaken the pathogenic activity of pathogens, thereby reducing the harm of pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, some single antagonistic microorganisms have also been exposed. Problems such as unsatisfactory control effects need to be further studied and discussed; the breeding of resistant varieties refers to the selection of excellent varieties and rootstocks that are resistant to heavy cropping to reduce the damage of heavy cropping to plant production. One is to select fruit trees with strong rootstock resistance Seedlings, the second is to replace the tree (product) species. However, because most of the fruit trees are perennial woody fruit trees, the growth cycle is long, the genetic background is complicated, the variety selection is difficult, and it is also difficult to implement. Among them, the crop rotation and intercropping methods are more scientific and reasonable, and the effect is relatively ideal. However, for fruit tree cultivation, due to strict requirements on the regional climate, the most suitable cultivation area is very limited, and fruit trees are not like crops. The crop rotation method of changing plots The cost of operation is extremely high, and the gain outweighs the gain. The implementation of traditional crop rotation and intercropping will seriously weaken the fruit supply capacity and cause a substantial price increase.

To sum up, these existing methods of preventing heavy cropping have certain limitations and defects, and none of them can efficiently and safely solve the damage of heavy cropping. At present, the quality and yield of fruits caused by the damage of heavy cropping faced by fruit tree cultivation in my country have decreased, and excessive reliance on The current situation of pesticides needs to be resolved urgently, otherwise it will lead to a series of vicious circles such as soil deterioration, environmental pollution, and fruit price increases, and the problem will become more and more difficult to solve.

Contents of the invention

According to the current situation that it is difficult to prevent the damage of repeated cropping in crops, especially horticultural crops, the invention provides a cultivation method for preventing the damage of heavy cropping, which has strong operability and outstanding effect of preventing heavy cropping, and is suitable for the current situation of cultivated land resources in my country.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for preventing damage from repeated cropping, which comprises two steps of digging a planting hole and planting plants. Before planting the plants, an insulating material capable of isolating plant roots in the planting hole is laid on the side wall and bottom of the planting hole.

The isolation materials are stone sand, bricks, tiles, cement boards, microporous chemical fiber boards and non-woven fabrics.

The isolation material laid in the bottom of the planting hole is stone sand, bricks, tiles, cement board, microporous chemical fiber board and/or non-woven fabric.

The isolation material laid on the side wall of the planting hole is cement board, microporous chemical fiber board and/or non-woven fabric.

The non-woven fabric refers to a non-woven fabric that will not degrade within the period from plant planting to stubble replacement.

The non-woven fabric is G2200BK non-woven fabric produced by Japan TORAY Company.

The planting hole can be a pit or a planting ditch.

Plants are planted in the planting ditch and covered with plastic film.

The implanted plants refer to crops, seeds of horticultural crops, propagating rhizomes, seedlings or mature transplanted plants.

Cultivation method of the present invention digs a planting hole (Fig. 1) earlier, and the space volume of the planting hole dug is determined according to the space required for the adult root system of planting plant, spreads isolation material on the bottom and the side wall of the planting hole, After the plant is planted, the isolation material can keep the growing plant root system in the planting hole, and neither the tap root nor the tiny fibrous roots will extend into the soil outside the hole (Figure 1), so as to ensure the exudation of the plant root , the pathogens and pesticides carried do not pollute the soil outside the hole; at the same time, it also prevents the pests and diseases in the soil from invading the root zone of the planted plants; Effects on stubble plants. The planting hole area of the previous plants can be rested, artificially carry out root cleaning, deep plowing and other operations, use sunlight to sterilize and detoxify, and use the fallen leaves and fruits of the next plants as biological fertilizers to gradually restore their soil fertility. In addition, Since the target areas of watering and fertilizing, root cleaning, and deep plowing are very clear, the material and labor input is greatly reduced, especially the root cleaning can be done in a certain area, so there are very few plant roots left, and they will not accumulate over the years and weaken the self of the soil. Resilience, such a virtuous circle, not only ensures that food production, which is the top priority of the national economy and people's livelihood, does not decline, but also achieves sustainable agricultural development. Especially for small-scale peasant economic areas with many people and little land, using this cultivation method can get rid of the dilemma of limited land resources, small crop rotation area, short soil recuperation time, and difficult sustainable development.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, the isolation materials used are optional, such as stone sand, bricks, tiles, cement boards, microporous chemical fiber boards and/or non-woven fabrics and other materials. When the present invention isolates the bottom surface of the planting hole, one or more of stone sand, tiles, planks, cement boards, and non-woven fabrics are used in combination, and when the side walls of the planting hole are paved, cement boards, Microporous fiberboard and non-woven fabrics are easier to implement. Considering that it is convenient to clean the planting hole when the crop rotation is changed, the present invention preferably uses a microporous chemical fiber board and/or a non-woven fabric. The non-woven fabric referred to above refers to the non-woven fabric that can tightly isolate the plant root system in the planting hole from plant sowing to stubble change to prevent the root system from polluting the soil outside the hole. , slow-degrading or non-degrading non-woven fabrics can be used.

The most preferred insulating material of the present invention is the G2200BK non-woven fabric produced by Japan TORAY Company. The service life of the non-woven fabric is more than 10 years, and the service life is longer than that of most fruit tree plants from planting to stubble replacement. The non-woven fabric ensures that the roots of the plants have good air permeability and water permeability, and the roots of the plants cannot puncture them. It will not degrade until the stubble is changed. And the price is reasonable, no pollution to the environment, easy to clean.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, the planting hole opened can be a ditch or a pit. For the crops of small plants, it is suitable for ditching and planting. Therefore, it is enough to spread the isolation material in the ditch. Planting in pollution-free areas is enough to achieve the effect of crop rotation and anti-heavy cropping; for planting fruit trees, because the fruit trees are large and perennial, a large hole spacing needs to be reserved, so a single planting hole is opened, and then the inner wall of the planting hole Cover the bottom with insulating material. When planting short-season high-temperature-resistant vegetables or flowers, the ditch can be covered with mulch, and the mulch and the isolation material at the bottom of the ditch form a relatively closed space. This cultivation method can not only prevent repeated cropping, but the closed space will promote The soil temperature in the ditch is significantly higher than the air temperature, which promotes the rapid growth of plants, and also enables the soil to obtain the self-cleaning ability of sterilization. This method can also improve the ability of the tree body to absorb nutrients by inhibiting the growth of taproots of fruit trees and promoting the growth of lateral roots and fibrous roots, thereby improving fruit quality.

In the cultivation method provided by the present invention, after the planting hole is prepared and the planting hole is isolated, the bottom soil can be laid in the hole according to the conventional planting method, the plant is put in, and the roots are covered with soil. In these soils, any sufficient The fertilizers and nutrients needed for conventional planting give the roots enough nutrition. Because the root area is limited, it can be seen that the water and fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the labor input in management is significantly reduced, which is conducive to the growth and development of the aboveground part of the plant.

In addition to solving the hazards of repeated cropping of plants, the cultivation method provided by the present invention can also be used to solve the transformation of barren land, mountainous land, and saline-alkali land. Using this cultivation method, high-yield cultivation can be realized under the conditions of shortage of water and fertilizer sources. As we all know, the area where water and fertilizer are applied is limited to the planting hole area. By transforming the soil in the planting hole area, it is gradually enriched and the metabolic activities of the plants above the ground are used to drive the surrounding barren soil. The input of water, fertilizer and manpower is much lower than that of the entire patch. barren land.

The cultivation method provided by the present invention enables the root system of the plant to grow only in the controlled area throughout its life without polluting other soils by efficiently controlling the growth of the root system of the plant and the environment of the root zone. When changing crops, only the non-polluting soil is required. Planting the next crop of plants on the top leaves the planting point of the previous crop free, so it achieves the effect of crop rotation in a small area and prevents the damage of repeated cropping. It requires less manpower and material resources, strong operability, no environmental pollution, and can maintain the soil. sustainable use capacity. Suitable for most plants, it is especially valuable for crops with difficult rotations such as fruit trees.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of stubble rotation

Figure 2: Sectional view of the planting hole

Wherein 1-planting hole, 2-isolating material (non-woven fabric), 3-plant root system, 4-root covering soil, 5-outside the hole.

Detailed ways:

Embodiment 1: fruit tree prevents the cultivation test of repeated cropping

Objective: To prevent the damage of repeated cropping of peaches.

1. Location: In the Science Park of China Agricultural University

2. Tree species and variety: Okubo peach

3. Implementation method

The control area was cultivated in the traditional way.

Colonization method in the test area:

1) Dig a planting hole 1 with a length of 105 cm x a width of 105 cm x a height of 85 cm. Mix the excavated soil with compost and phosphate fertilizer, and mix well to form root covering soil 4.

2) Put a bottomless wooden frame of 100 cm long x 100 cm wide x 80 cm high in the pit and put it in the planting hole 1, and the volume of the wooden frame is 800 liters. Spread the G2200BK non-woven fabric 2 produced by Japan TORAY Company, and the non-woven fabric 2 is close to the side wall and bottom surface of the wooden frame.

3) Fill the mixed root-covering soil 4 into the non-woven fabric as the bottom, put the plants in, cover the soil, and fill the outside of the wooden frame tightly with soil,

4) Pull out the wooden frame,

5) When changing crops, dig the next crop of planting holes in the area 5 outside the previous crop of planting holes, and plant the next crop of plants. Steps are the same as above 1) to 4) steps.

Due to the isolation material 2, the root system 3 of the plant will not go out to pollute the area 5 outside the hole, and the space of the planting hole 1 is sufficient for the normal development of the root system 3 of the plant, as shown in Figure 2. Therefore, the tree vigor is well developed, and the fruit is high-yielding and high-quality.

Cultivation management points

Irrigation: water when the leaves are wilting; irrigation volume: 1 liter of water per 10 liters of planting hole

Fertilization: Apply 30 kg of compost to each tree and apply it three times. Apply 25% in late March, 45% in late June, and 30% in early November. Pulling branches: try not to prune, and shape by pulling branches.

Harvested fruit data analysis:

1. The sugar content of fruit trees in the test area was 11% in the previous cropping, and more than 12% in the fruits of the subsequent fruit trees; in the control area, the sugar content of the fruit trees in the previous cropping was 10.2%, and the sugar content of the fruit trees in the subsequent cropping dropped to 8.5%.

2. The annual management labor is only 60% of the control, and the labor intensity has changed from moderate to mild;

3. The fruit trees cultivated by this cultivation method become short and compact, so that the labor intensity of harvesting is also reduced, and the moderation of the traditional cultivation method becomes mild.

Conclusion: The cropping fruit trees adopted by this cultivation method do not suffer from the damage caused by repeated cropping under the traditional cultivation method, the fruit quality is improved, and the yield does not decrease; due to the isolation of the planting hole and the reasonable control of water and fertilizer, the fruit tree is short and the tree type is reduced. Cultivation management and labor intensity of harvesting. However, the development of the fruit trees in the control area was consistent with the symptoms caused by the common damage caused by heavy cropping, with reduced yield, weak tree vigor, and decreased fruit quality.

Embodiment 2: tomato cultivation test

Objective: To prevent the damage of repeated cropping, increase the sugar content of tomato, and increase the yield.

1. Location: In the greenhouse of China Agricultural University Science Park

2. Tree species and varieties: Tomato (Garbo variety), seeds purchased from Beijing Green Oriental Agricultural Technology Research Institute.

3. Implementation method

Colonization method

1) Dig a planting ditch 20 meters long x 50 cm wide x 30 cm deep in the greenhouse, mix the dug up soil with compost and phosphate fertilizer, and mix well;

2) Lay the G2200BK non-woven fabric produced by Japan TORAY company in the ditch, and the four sides of the non-woven fabric should be exposed to the ground;

3) In addition, two ditches were dug as controls, named as ditch A and ditch B, and the same tomatoes were planted;

4) Fill the mixed soil into the non-woven fabric, space the seeding holes by 50 cm, and plant tomatoes;

5) The surface of the three trenches is covered with common agricultural plastic film.

6) When changing stubble, ditch planting next to the test ditch, the steps are the same as 1) to 5), and A ditch and B ditch are still used as controls.

Cultivation management points

Irrigation: water when the leaves are wilting;

Irrigation volume: 1 liter of water per 10 liters of volume in the planting hole

Other management is the same as normal tomato cultivation management.

Test data analysis:

1. After the stubble change, the sugar content of tomato fruit planted in the experimental ditch was about 8%, and the sugar content of the fruit in the control ditch was 7.2%. The growth of the plants after the control ditch was weak, and the root disease was obvious.

2. Since the depth of the ditch is only 30 cm, after the non-woven fabric on the bottom layer is covered with plastic film, when the sun is sufficient, the 30 cm geothermal heat exceeds 40 degrees, which plays a role in soil disinfection and effectively inhibits the occurrence of germs; while the temperature of the control soil Generally, it will not exceed 40 degrees, and the sterilization effect is much smaller;

3. Compared with the control, the tomato seedlings grow robustly, and the yield increases by 20%.

Embodiment 3: the peach tree of hybrid isolation planting hole cultivation

Step 1: Dig the Planting Hole

Dig a cube-shaped planting hole 105 cm long x 105 cm wide x 85 cm deep, mix the dug up soil with compost and phosphate fertilizer, and mix well

Step 2: Laying in the isolation layer material

Lay a thin cement board with a width of 105 cm, a length of 105 cm, and a thickness of 2 cm at the bottom of the planting hole. The four walls of the planting hole are made of four microporous chemical fiber boards with a width of 105 cm and a height of 85 cm. The joints of the microporous chemical fiber boards are made of non-degradable glue. For sealing and adhesion, the gap between the microporous chemical fiber board and the inner wall of the planting hole is filled with soil, and the joint between the microporous chemical fiber board and the cement board is sealed with fine sand.

Step 3, planting plants.

Fill the mixed soil into the isolated planting hole, put the plants in, and cover with soil.

Step 4: Plant next to the planting hole in the same way when changing stubble.

Cultivation management points

Irrigation: water when the leaves are wilting;

Irrigation volume: 1 liter of water per 10 liters of volume in the planting hole

Fertilization: Apply 30 kg of compost to each tree and apply it three times. Apply 25% in late March, 45% in late June, and 30% in early November.

Pulling branches: try not to prune, and shape by pulling branches.

Analysis of test results

1. The fruit sugar content of the fruit trees in the test area was 11%, and the fruit sugar content of the fruit trees in the next crop was 11.8%; the sugar content of the fruit trees in the control area was 10%, and the fruit sugar content of the fruit trees in the next crop dropped to 8.4%, compared with Example 1 , mixed and isolated planting holes had no significant difference in the effect of preventing heavy cropping.

Claims (9)

1. A cultivation method for preventing heavy cropping hazards, comprising two steps of digging a planting hole and planting plants, before the plant is planted, the sidewall and the bottom of the planting hole are paved with an isolation material that can isolate plant roots in the planting hole . 2. cultivation method according to claim 1, and described isolation material is stone sand, brick, tile, cement board, microporous chemical fiber board and non-woven fabric. 3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, the insulating material laid into the bottom of the planting hole is stone sand, bricks, tiles, cement board, microporous chemical fiber board and/or non-woven fabric. 4. The cultivation method according to claim 2, the insulating material paved into the side wall of the planting hole is cement board, microporous chemical fiber board and/or non-woven fabric. 5. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein said non-woven fabric refers to a non-woven fabric that will not be degraded within the period from planting to crop replacement. 6. cultivation method according to claim 2, described non-woven fabric is the G2200BK non-woven fabric that Japanese TORAY company produces. 7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, the planting hole can be a pit or a planting ditch. 8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, after the plants are planted in the planting ditch, the plastic film is covered. 9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant to be planted refers to the seeds of agricultural crops, horticultural crops, reproductive rhizomes, seedlings or mature transplanted plants.

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