CN113069432A - 一种用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请涉及生物医学工程材料领域,具体涉及一种用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂及其制备方法。所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.1‑0.5份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS‑Arg)0.5‑2份、辅酶Q10 1‑3份,大豆卯磷脂1‑3份,甘油60‑80份,去离子水20‑30份。利用紫檀芪为药物模型,开发出了一种新型的纳米载体材料(辅酶Q10‑NEs‑TPGS‑Arg),对心肌进行靶向性修复,实现了提高病灶部位的药物浓度的目的。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及生物医学工程材料领域,具体涉及一种用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
心血管疾病作为全球范围患病人数、导致人类死亡最高的疾病之一,已经成为威胁人类健康头号杀手。根据概要统计,全国心血管疾病患者达到2.9亿,相当于每10个成年人中就有2人患有心血管疾病,其中包含2.66亿高血压患者、700万脑卒中患者、250万心肌梗死患者、450万心力衰竭患者、500万肺原性心脏病患者、250万风湿性心脏病患者及200万先天性心脏病患者。每年死于心血管疾病的人数高达350万,相当于每10秒钟有1人死于心血管疾病,目前因心血管疾病死亡人数占到了居民总死亡人数的41%,远高于因肿瘤及其他疾病死亡人数占比,居各种死因的首位。因此心血管靶向给药技术的研究对于心血管疾病的治疗具有极其重要的意义。
目前,有关心血管疾病的治疗药物很多,但是由于心血管疾病生理特性,大多数药物均有缺乏组织特异性难以达到病灶部位及体内易降解不稳定性等问题,为了提高病灶部位的药物的有效浓度,临床上常采用大剂量给药策略满足治疗需求,但同时会导致因增加药物剂量而引起的毒副作用,从而限制了临床药物治疗的广泛应用。而通过创新制剂的开发,利用药物载体技术包裹药物,实现改变药物的体内药物代谢及组织分布行为,选择特异性地达到病灶部分,提高病灶部位的药物浓度、降低非病灶部分的药物浓度,达到提高药物的治疗效果的目的,因此,发展靶向给药技术成为国内外心血管药物研究的重大课题及研究热点。
靶向给药技术是指药物载体负载药物通过局部或全身给药血液循环输运药物,选择性地将药物输运聚集于靶组织、靶细胞或靶内亚细胞并在靶部位释放药物发挥疗效的给药系统。由于药物是通过化学键合或物理包裹与靶向给药载体结合,因此药物在生物体内的药代动力学及组织分布情况取决于药物载体特性,可以改变游离药物的体内药物代谢及组织分布行为,能够达到将药物输运至游离药物无法达到或无法高度聚集的病灶部分,既能增加药物的靶向性,又能降低药物毒副作用。主要是利用病灶部位的生理及病理特性实现靶向作用,其中纳米给药技术通过纳米颗粒的设计和引入,利用载体特性及粒径控制改善药物在不同组织的富集特征,是常见的靶向给药实现手段之一。目前心血管疾病的靶向给药技术主要利用心血管疾病的生理及病理特性而设计,同样包括利用EPR效应及PEG等表面修饰的被动靶向策略及利用抗体或受体介导的主要靶向策略。
传统的药物治疗和手术治疗肃然降低了心肌梗死的死亡率,但梗塞的心肌细胞不能再生,从而损害了心脏的功能。此外,在缺血性心脏组织中移植的干细胞由于梗死区的氧化性和炎症性微环境而受到细胞凋亡和坏死的影响,严重限制了干细胞移植的治疗效率。传统的纳米材料因其在运载药物时没有特异性,导致对正常细胞产生了一定的毒副作用。针对上述现有技术的缺点,本发明拟制备一种可用于心肌靶向修复的负载治疗药物紫檀芪的纳米靶向载体材料,对心肌损伤进行靶向修复。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是利用紫檀芪为药物模型,开发出一种新型的纳米载体材料(辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg),对心肌进行靶向性修复,从而实现改变药物的体内药物代谢及组织分布行为,提高病灶部位的药物浓度、降低非病灶部分的药物浓度,达到提高药物的治疗效果的目的。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂,所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.1-0.5份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)0.5-2份、辅酶Q101-3份,大豆卯磷脂1-3份,甘油60-80份,去离子水20-30份。
优选的,所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.2-0.4份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)0.8-1.2份、辅酶Q101.5-2.5份,大豆卯磷脂1.5-2.5份,甘油65-75份,去离子水22-28份。
优选的,所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.3份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)1份、辅酶Q102份,大豆卯磷脂2份,甘油70份,去离子水25份。
优选的,所述纳米制剂的粒径为60-80nm。
进一步地,本发明还提供了所述用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份配比准备各原料组分;
(2)辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg的制备:
首先,将辅酶Q10置于水浴中加热熔融,形成液态辅酶Q10油相;随后,将大豆卯磷脂、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)、甘油和去离子水置于烧杯中,恒温加热搅拌至大豆卯磷脂完全溶解,形成水相;最后,将液态辅酶Q10油相加入到水相中,恒温加热搅拌,超声分散,形成透明澄清的微乳液,冷却后得到辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,密闭保存;
(3)辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米制剂的制备:
取上述制备的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,按重量配比加入紫檀芪,超声分散,在室温下搅拌反应,即获得澄清透明胶体溶液。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中水浴加热的温度为50-70℃。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中恒温加热的温度为40-60℃。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中的超声分散时间为1-3h。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中的超声分散时间为3-8min。
进一步地,本发明还提供了所述的纳米制剂在制备心肌靶向药物中的用途。
优选的,所述心肌靶向药物对体外循环术中的心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有防护作用。
紫檀芪结构类似于白藜芦醇,具有抗氧化,抗炎,抗肿瘤作用。因为紫檀芪具有两个甲基,这使其具有更高亲脂性,从而获得更高的生物利用度。越来越多的证据显示,紫檀芪在对诸如神经、代谢、及血液疾病等多种人类疾病起着预防及治疗作用。进一步实验性研究表明,紫檀芪具有抗多种恶性肿瘤的作用。在幼猪体外循环模型中,应用紫檀芪作为心脏冷停搏灌注液的添加剂,能减轻术中心肌炎症反应,保护细胞膜结构的完整性及稳定性,保护心肌超微结构,对减轻术中心肌损害有明确的治疗作用。
聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS)作为吸收促进剂、乳化剂、增溶剂、渗透增强剂以及稳定剂,广泛应用于各种药物传递系统,该物质已经被FDA批准为药用辅料,应用于药物输送系统的开发。TPGS是一种双亲性水溶性维生素E衍生物,作为一种新型非离子表面活性剂,TPGS具有润湿、乳化及增溶作用,同时具有维生素E的抗氧化生理活性,因此TPGS兼具表面活性和抗氧化生理活性的双重作用。
辅酶Q10是一种脂溶性化合物,存在于生物体内每个细胞的线粒体内膜上,是线粒体内膜呼吸链电子传递介质,参与各细胞氧化磷酸化生物过程。据研究统计显示,体内辅酶Q10水平降低与充血性心力衰竭相关,补充辅酶Q10有益于改善充血性心力衰竭。通过高剂量长期服用辅酶Q10提高体内辅酶Q10水平,对心血管相关疾病的治疗具有显著的预防和治疗作用。然而对于心肌缺血再灌注及心脏相关手术,需要在短时间内迅速提高心肌组织尤其是心肌细胞中辅酶Q10的含量达到有效药物浓度,达到有效的保护心肌细胞及心肌组织损伤,临时口服给药已经无法满足临床应用需求,只有通过术前静脉注射给药才能满足临床应用需求。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS)作为一种新型非离子表面活性剂具有润湿、乳化及增溶作用,同时具有维生素E的抗氧化生理活性,因此TPGS兼具表面活性和抗氧化生理活性的双重作用。在心血管疾病中的应用少见报道,而抗氧化治疗法在类似急性心肌损伤的心血管疾病的预防和治疗发挥了重要的作用,其靶向功能提高了心肌修复的特异性、增强心肌修复的治疗效果。本发明提出了用于心肌修复的靶向纳米载药材料的制备方法,通过设计筛选合理的氨基酸修饰,合成了精氨酸(Arg)的阳离子化TPGS衍生物TPGS-Arg,并且进一步合成制备了靶向纳米载药材料(辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg)。该靶向纳米载药材料具有良好的生物相容性,能够为治疗药物紫檀芪的运输提供有利的载体工具,并具有良好的靶向功能,提高了心肌修复的靶向治疗效果。此外,通过减少纳米制剂的粒径也可以促进心肌靶向作用。本发明制备操作简单,所需的原材料易得,有望在生物医学工程材料领域得到广泛的应用。
附图说明
图1为纳米药物载体载药前后的红外光谱图;
图2为不同比例尺下辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪的透射电镜图;
图3为紫檀芪的药物释放曲线图;
图4为共培养24小时后不同浓度的三种物质的细胞存活率图;
图5为不同时间点下的心肝脾肾组织中紫檀芪的浓度。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
实施例1:辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg的制备
首先,将2g辅酶Q10置于60℃的恒温水浴中加热熔融,形成液态辅酶Q10油相;随后,将2g大豆卯磷脂、1g精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)、70g甘油和25ml去离子水置于50℃烧杯中,恒温加热搅拌至大豆卯磷脂完全溶解,形成水相;最后,将液态辅酶Q10油相加入到水相中,在50℃下恒温加热搅拌20min,超声分散2h,形成透明澄清的微乳液,冷却后得到辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,密闭保存。
实施例2:辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的制备与表征
取1g上述制备的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,加入3mg紫檀芪,超声分散5min,室温搅拌4h,即可获得澄清透明胶体溶液。通过傅立叶红外光谱表征辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒载药前后的特征峰变化。FTIR傅立叶红外光谱是一种显示分子振动的光谱,可鉴别待测物质中的官能团,将各个步骤得到的产物和原料做红外测试,可证明目标产物是否被成功合成。分别取适量待测物质(即实施例1制得的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg、实施例2制得的Q10-NES-TPGS/紫檀芪纳米粒、单独的紫檀芪纳米粒)和溴化钾,研磨压片,光谱仪测试分析,得到结果如图1所示。实验结果表明各步反应均反应成功。
实施例3:辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的制备与表征
取2g上述制备的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,加入6mg紫檀芪,超声分散5min,室温搅拌4h,即可获得澄清透明胶体溶液。通过透射电镜检测了不同比例尺下辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的透射电镜图。从图2中看到,纳米粒呈球形,粒径大小较均匀,粒径大小在60-80nm之间,而且彼此无粘连。
实施例4:辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的药物释放实验
采用动态透析袋法对辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的体外药物释放的特性进行研究。分别精密量取10mg的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒各3份,用2ml、pH=7.2的PBS缓冲释放介质溶解后,置于截留分子3500的透析袋内,将袋口扎紧。将含药透析袋置于10ml释放介质中在(37士0.5)℃恒温水浴振荡24h,缓释液为含有0.1%的吐温80。开始计时,分别在预先设定时间点即0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24时取5ml释放液于EP管(取5ml的目的在于使后面的时间药物更好释放),然后补加入等量的含等体积的含有吐温80的PBS溶液于相同条件下进行后续释放实验(可积累几个时间段的样品一起测)。用UV-VIS检测取出的上清液中紫檀芪浓度,计算紫檀芪的累积释放百分数。每个样品平行做三次,结果以平均值和标准偏差表示。如图3所示,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的释放速率在最初48小时内是快速的,累计释放高达65.6%,48小时之后,随着时间的延长,紫檀芪的释放速率开始变慢,趋于平缓。图3结果表明,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米载体具有很好的缓释与控释作用。
实施例5:辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的细胞活性实验
通过CCK-8法对实施例1、2的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg和辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒进行细胞活性检测。本实验所用的细胞是成纤维细胞(3T3细胞),而培养该细胞所用的培养液是含有10%的胎牛血清和1%的双抗(青霉素和链霉素的混合液)的DMEM的培养液,并且培养条件是在温度为37℃和CO2浓度为5%的培养箱中。在培养的过程中,每两天要给细胞换一次培养液,换细胞培养液的目的是为细胞增加新的营养物质、去除不贴壁的细胞以及细胞的代谢物。将不同浓度的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg和辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒培养基溶液加入96孔板中,并以游离的紫檀芪做对照组。然后放在培养箱中,培养到1天后加入CCK-8试剂,按照1∶10的比例加入,也就是说100μl的培养液加入10μl的CCK-8试剂,继续培养2-4h。在450nm波长的条件下,使用酶标仪读取每个孔的吸光光度值。结果如图4所示,各实验组对3T3细胞一直呈现出浓度依赖性,而且当浓度低于10ug/ml时,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg和辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒均表现出微乎其微的细胞毒性,细胞存活率都在80%以上。当浓度在20ug/ml浓度以上时,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg和辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的细胞存活率都有所下降,而且辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒下降的更厉害。图4结果表明,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒具有较好的生物相容性。
实施例6:辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒的心肌靶向验证
将实施例2制备的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒样品分别采用5%葡萄糖注射液稀释至浓度为0.5mg/ml的稀释液,采用无菌0.22um的过滤膜过滤灭菌,装瓶备用。然后再将250±20g的大鼠分为三个不同的样品组,每组每个时间点(5min、30min、90min)采用3只大鼠,尾静脉注射给药,剂量为0.4mg/kg,于给药后5min,30min及90min,过量麻醉剂处死,迅速解剖取出心、肝、脾、肾等组织,生理盐水冲洗干净,滤纸吸干,分别在相同的位置分离200mg左右的组织,置于1.5ml EP管中,-20℃冻存备用。然后配置紫檀芪标准液和紫檀芪心、肝、脾、肾组织标准液。接着分别称取200mg左右的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织样品置于研磨器中,加入4ml异丙醇/甲醇(7∶3,v/v),2000rmp转速研磨1min,使心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织完全破碎。然后分别将心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织样品研磨液在8000rmp转速条件下离心10min,取上清液1.5ml装入EP管中备用。接着量取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织样品上清液100μl置于2ml的EP管中,低温挥发完所有溶剂,再向EP管中加入1ml异丙醇/甲醇(7∶3),震荡充分混匀。最后,量取上述溶液100μl于2ml的EP管中,低温挥发完所有溶剂,然后向EP管中加入1ml 50ng/ml的内标标准溶液,超声溶解,得含有50ng/ml内标的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织样品提取液,通过紫外测定在320nm处的吸光光度值。实验结果如图5所示,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒经过大鼠尾静脉注射更有利于紫檀芪在心脏中的分布。因为负载紫檀芪的载体材料辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg中的TPGS由于表面PEG的作用,延长了紫檀芪的血浆分布半衰期,减小了紫檀芪的血浆清除半衰期,增加了血浆中紫檀芪的浓度水平,有利于促进紫檀芪聚集靶向心肌组织,从而增加了心肌组织中紫檀芪的浓度。另外,心肌组织具有更丰富的血管循环系统,通过EPR效应达到心肌组织的聚集比其他组织更多,有利于其心肌靶向作用。以上结果表明,辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米粒具有良好的心肌靶向功能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对技术方案做出若干修改或等同替换,这些修改或等同替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.1-0.5份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)0.5-2份、辅酶Q10 1-3份,大豆卯磷脂1-3份,甘油60-80份,去离子水20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.2-0.4份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)0.8-1.2份、辅酶Q10 1.5-2.5份,大豆卯磷脂1.5-2.5份,甘油65-75份,去离子水22-28份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂由如下重量份的原料组分制成:紫檀芪0.3份、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)1份、辅酶Q10 2份,大豆卯磷脂2份,甘油70份,去离子水25份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂的粒径为60-80nm。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的用于心肌靶向修复的纳米制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按重量份配比准备各原料组分;
(2)辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg的制备:
首先,将辅酶Q10置于水浴中加热熔融,形成液态辅酶Q10油相;随后,将大豆卯磷脂、精氨酸修饰的聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(TPGS-Arg)、甘油和去离子水置于烧杯中,恒温加热搅拌至大豆卯磷脂完全溶解,形成水相;最后,将液态辅酶Q10油相加入到水相中,恒温加热搅拌,超声分散,形成透明澄清的微乳液,冷却后得到辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,密闭保存;
(3)辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg/紫檀芪纳米制剂的制备:
取上述制备的辅酶Q10-NEs-TPGS-Arg,按重量配比加入紫檀芪,超声分散,在室温下搅拌反应,即获得澄清透明胶体溶液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中水浴加热的温度为50-70℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中恒温加热的温度为40-60℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的超声分散时间为1-3h;所述步骤(3)中的超声分散时间为3-8min。
9.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的纳米制剂在制备心肌靶向药物中的用途。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,所述心肌靶向药物对体外循环术中的心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有防护作用。
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