CN113050014A - Method and system for calibrating sensitivity coefficient of low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calibrating sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor, which relate to the technical field of magnetic field sensor calibration and have the technical scheme key points that: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator for signal acquisition; reading the voltage amplitude of a first signal acquired by a Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the amplitude of a standard pulse magnetic field; integrating a second signal acquired by the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal; and the acquisition equipment carries out calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result. The invention can solve the traceability problem of the pulsed magnetic field sensor in a certain frequency range, so that the measured value is accurate and reliable, and a basis is provided for the value traceability and accuracy evaluation of the pulsed magnetic field measurement system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic field sensor calibration, in particular to a method and a system for calibrating sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor.
Background
At present, a pulsed magnetic field sensor based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction has been widely used in a variety of application scenarios such as accelerator guided magnetic field measurement, inertial confinement fusion field effect measurement carried out by high-power laser devices, pulsed magnetic field measurement in high-voltage substations, and the like. Because the conditions generated by the pulsed magnetic field and the sensitivity coefficient of the sensor are easy to change due to the interference of environmental factors, the accuracy of the measurement result is difficult to guarantee, so that a measurement means is needed to calibrate the sensitivity coefficient of the pulsed magnetic field sensor, and the uncertainty of the measurement result is effectively evaluated.
The pulse magnetic field is different from a direct current magnetic field and an alternating current magnetic field, and the traditional calibration method for the sensitivity coefficients of the direct current magnetic field sensor and the alternating current magnetic field sensor is not suitable for the direct current magnetic field sensor and the alternating current magnetic field sensor. At present, no document records a calibration method and a standard for the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor, and a corresponding metering standard is not established yet. In order to ensure that the measurement result of the pulsed magnetic field sensor is accurate and reliable, how to research and design a method and a system for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for calibrating a sensitivity coefficient of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is provided, which includes the following steps:
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator for signal acquisition;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of a first signal acquired by a Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the amplitude of a standard pulse magnetic field;
s103: integrating a second signal acquired by the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal;
s104: and the acquisition equipment carries out calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result.
Further, the sensitivity coefficient calibration calculation formula of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is specifically as follows:
wherein S is0Represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal;
representing a pulsed electrical signal; b ismRepresenting the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude.
Further, the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor is optimally calibrated by taking an average value through multiple measurements, and the calculation formula for optimizing calibration specifically comprises:
wherein S is1Representing the sensitivity coefficient of the optimized calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e.g. of the typeiA second signal representing the ith measurement; b isiIndicating the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
Further, the pulse magnetic field generator comprises a programmable power supply, a direct-current high-voltage source, a pulse forming network PFN, a high-voltage pulse generator, a matched load and a solenoid coil;
the adjustable voltage output by the programmable power supply is boosted to a kV level by a direct-current high-voltage source and then charges a pulse forming network PFN consisting of a capacitor and an inductor;
the high-voltage pulse generator generates trigger pulses to trigger the three-electrode gas switch in the pulse forming network PFN, and the pulse forming network PFN generates a high-voltage pulse heavy current on the matched load after being started;
the high-voltage pulse heavy current passes through the solenoid coil from the output end of the matched load through the cable, and a pulse magnetic field serving as a calibration magnetic field source is excited by the solenoid coil;
the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in the uniform area of the solenoid coil.
Further, the pulse forming network PFN includes a plurality of capacitors arranged in parallel and an inductor arranged between the adjacent capacitors and the electrode side;
time constant tau for charging pulse forming network PFN by DC high voltage output by DC high voltage source1The calculation is specifically as follows:
τ1＝R0(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0)
wherein R is0Representing the resistance of the input trunk line of the pulse forming network PFN, n0Representing the number of capacitors arranged in parallel;
triggering the three-electrode gas switch by the high-voltage pulse generator to close the switch and discharging in a closed loop with a discharge constant tau2The calculation of (a) is specifically:
τ2＝Rm(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0)
wherein R ismRepresenting the value of the matched load resistance.
Further, the number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum value of the required generated magnetic induction and the maximum value of the input current, and the specific relationship is as follows:
where n1 denotes the number of turns of the solenoid coil, B denotes the required magnetic induction, μ0The magnetic permeability in the free space is represented, I represents the current passing through the solenoid, and U represents the direct-current high-voltage magnitude.
Further, the frequency of the pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator is not more than 100 MHz.
Furthermore, the accuracy grade of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is less than one third of the accuracy grade of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
In a second aspect, a system for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is provided, which comprises a pulse magnetic field generator, a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated, a Hall effect magnetic field sensor, an integrator and acquisition equipment;
the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in a pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator;
the signal output end of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is connected with the signal input end of the integrator through a first coaxial line, and the signal output end of the integrator is connected with the second channel port of the acquisition equipment;
the signal output end of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is connected with a second channel port of the acquisition equipment through a second coaxial line;
the signal transmission frequencies of the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line are the same and are both larger than the maximum value of the frequency of the pulse magnetic field signal to be transmitted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of regarding the amplitude of a pulse magnetic field as a transient quantity of a direct-current magnetic field, measuring the amplitude of the pulse magnetic field in a response range by using a traced Hall effect magnetic field sensor, assigning the amplitude to a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated as a standard value of the pulse magnetic field sensor, and reversely deducing a sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated by using a Faraday electromagnetic induction law; by the method, the traceability problem of the pulsed magnetic field sensor can be solved within a certain frequency range, the measured quantity value is accurate and reliable, and a technical basis is provided for the quantity value traceability and accuracy evaluation of the pulsed magnetic field measurement system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of operation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a pulsed magnetic field source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
101. a pulsed magnetic field generator; 102. matching loads; 103. a solenoid coil; 104. a high voltage pulse generator; 105. a pulse forming network PFN; 106. a DC high voltage source; 107. a programmable power supply; 108. a Hall-effect magnetic field sensor; 109. a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated; 110. a first coaxial line; 111. a second coaxial line; 112. an integrator; 113. and (4) collecting equipment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1: a method for calibrating a sensitivity coefficient of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is shown in FIG. 1, and comprises the following steps:
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator for signal acquisition;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of a first signal acquired by a Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the amplitude of a standard pulse magnetic field;
s103: integrating a second signal acquired by the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor through an integrator to obtain a pulsed electric signal, wherein the frequency of the integrator is matched with that of the pulsed magnetic field;
s104: the acquisition equipment carries out calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result; the acquisition equipment can be a digital acquisition card or an oscilloscope, and can realize the simultaneous measurement and the simultaneous display of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor and the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
The sensitivity coefficient calibration calculation formula of the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor is specifically as follows:
wherein S is0Represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal;
representing a pulsed electrical signal; b ismRepresenting the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude.
In a preferred embodiment, in consideration of errors caused by human factors, the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is optimally calibrated by averaging multiple measurements, so that the measurement errors caused by human factors are reduced to a certain extent. The calculation formula for optimizing calibration specifically comprises:
wherein S is1Representing the sensitivity coefficient of the optimized calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e.g. of the typeiA second signal representing the ith measurement; b isiIndicating the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
In this embodiment, the pulsed magnetic field generator comprises a programmable power supply, a direct current high voltage source, a pulse forming network PFN, a high voltage pulse generator, a matching load, and a solenoid coil; the adjustable voltage output by the programmable power supply is boosted to a kV level by a direct-current high-voltage source and then charges a pulse forming network PFN consisting of a capacitor and an inductor; the high-voltage pulse generator generates trigger pulses to trigger the three-electrode gas switch in the pulse forming network PFN, and the pulse forming network PFN generates a high-voltage pulse heavy current on the matched load after being started; the high-voltage pulse heavy current passes through the solenoid coil from the output end of the matched load through the cable, and a pulse magnetic field serving as a calibration magnetic field source is excited by the solenoid coil; the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in the uniform area of the solenoid coil.
As shown in fig. 2, the pulse forming network PFN comprises a plurality of capacitors arranged in parallel and an inductance arranged between adjacent capacitors and the electrode side.
DC high voltage pulse pair output by DC high voltage sourceTime constant tau for charging of impulse forming network PFN1The calculation is specifically as follows: tau is1＝R0(C1+C2+C2+…+C7+Cn0) (ii) a Wherein R is0Representing the resistance of the input trunk line of the pulse forming network PFN, n0Representing the number of capacitors arranged in parallel.
Triggering the three-electrode gas switch by the high-voltage pulse generator to close the switch and discharging in a closed loop with a discharge constant tau2The calculation of (a) is specifically: tau is2＝Rm(C1+C2+C2+…+C7+Cn0) (ii) a Wherein R ismRepresenting the value of the matched load resistance.
The number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum value of the required generated magnetic induction and the maximum value of the input current, and the specific relation is as follows:
where n1 denotes the number of turns of the solenoid coil, B denotes the required magnetic induction, μ0The magnetic permeability in the free space is represented, I represents the current passing through the solenoid, and U represents the direct-current high-voltage magnitude.
In this embodiment, the time for charging and discharging the pulse forming network PFN by the dc high voltage outputted from the dc high voltage source is controlled by the high voltage pulse generator 4.
In this embodiment, the magnitude of the dc high voltage outputted by the dc high voltage source is determined by the internal structure of the pulse forming network PFN and the matching load.
In this embodiment, the number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum required to generate the magnetic induction and the maximum input current.
In this embodiment, when the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is calibrated, the frequency of the pulsed magnetic field is not greater than 100MHz, and the amplitude measured by the hall effect magnetic field sensor can be regarded as a transient dc magnetic field value.
In this embodiment, the accuracy level of the hall-effect magnetic field sensor is less than one third of the accuracy level of the pulsed magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
Example 2: a sensitivity coefficient calibration system of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is shown in figure 1 and comprises a pulse magnetic field generator, a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated, a Hall effect magnetic field sensor, an integrator and acquisition equipment. The pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in a pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator. And the signal output end of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is connected with the signal input end of the integrator through a first coaxial line, and the signal output end of the integrator is connected with the second channel port of the acquisition equipment. And the signal output end of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is connected with the second channel port of the acquisition equipment through a second coaxial line. The signal transmission frequencies of the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line are the same and are both larger than the maximum value of the frequency of the pulse magnetic field signal to be transmitted.
The working principle is as follows: the pulse magnetic field amplitude is regarded as a transient quantity of a direct-current magnetic field, the pulse magnetic field amplitude is measured in a response range by using a traced Hall effect magnetic field sensor, the pulse magnetic field amplitude is assigned to a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated as a standard value of the pulse magnetic field amplitude, and then the sensitivity coefficient of the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is reversely deduced through a Faraday electromagnetic induction law; by the method, the traceability problem of the pulsed magnetic field sensor can be solved within a certain frequency range, the measured quantity value is accurate and reliable, and a technical basis is provided for the quantity value traceability and accuracy evaluation of the pulsed magnetic field measurement system.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A calibration method for sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: synchronously placing a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and a Hall effect magnetic field sensor in a pulse magnetic field excited by a pulse magnetic field generator for signal acquisition;
s102: reading the voltage amplitude of a first signal acquired by a Hall effect magnetic field sensor through acquisition equipment to obtain the amplitude of a standard pulse magnetic field;
s103: integrating a second signal acquired by the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor through an integrator to obtain a pulse electric signal;
s104: and the acquisition equipment carries out calibration calculation on the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulse magnetic field sensor according to the pulse electric signal and the standard pulse magnetic field amplitude to obtain a sensitivity coefficient calibration result.
2. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensitivity coefficient calibration calculation formula of the pulsed magnetic field sensor to be calibrated is specifically as follows:
wherein S is0Represents a sensitivity coefficient; e represents a second signal;
representing a pulsed electrical signal; b ismRepresenting the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude.
3. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor according to claim 2, wherein the sensitivity coefficient of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is optimally calibrated by taking an average value through multiple measurements, and a calculation formula for the optimal calibration specifically comprises:
wherein S is1Representing the sensitivity coefficient of the optimized calibration; n represents the number of measurements; e.g. of the typeiA second signal representing the ith measurement; b isiIndicating the standard pulsed magnetic field amplitude for the ith measurement.
4. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the pulsed magnetic field generator comprises a programmable power supply, a direct-current high-voltage source, a Pulse Forming Network (PFN), a high-voltage pulse generator, a matched load and a solenoid coil;
the adjustable voltage output by the programmable power supply is boosted to a kV level by a direct-current high-voltage source and then charges a pulse forming network PFN consisting of a capacitor and an inductor;
the high-voltage pulse generator generates trigger pulses to trigger the three-electrode gas switch in the pulse forming network PFN, and the pulse forming network PFN generates a high-voltage pulse heavy current on the matched load after being started;
the high-voltage pulse heavy current passes through the solenoid coil from the output end of the matched load through the cable, and a pulse magnetic field serving as a calibration magnetic field source is excited by the solenoid coil;
the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in the uniform area of the solenoid coil.
5. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor according to claim 4, wherein the pulse forming network PFN comprises a plurality of capacitors arranged in parallel and inductors arranged between the adjacent capacitors and the electrode side;
time constant tau for charging pulse forming network PFN by DC high voltage output by DC high voltage source1The calculation is specifically as follows:
τ1＝R0(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0)
wherein R is0Representing the resistance of the input trunk line of the pulse forming network PFN, n0Representing the number of capacitors arranged in parallel;
triggering the three-electrode gas switch by the high-voltage pulse generator to close the switch and discharging in a closed loop with a discharge constant tau2The calculation of (a) is specifically:
τ2＝Rm(C1+C2+…+C7+Cn0)
wherein R ismRepresenting the value of the matched load resistance.
6. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the number of turns of the solenoid coil is determined by the maximum value of the required generated magnetic induction and the maximum value of the input current, and the specific relationship is as follows:
where n1 denotes the number of turns of the solenoid coil, B denotes the required magnetic induction, μ0The magnetic permeability in free space is shown, I represents the current passing through the solenoid, and U represents the magnitude of the dc high voltage.
7. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the pulsed magnetic field excited by the pulsed magnetic field generator is not more than 100 MHz.
8. The method for calibrating the sensitivity coefficient of the low-frequency pulsed magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the accuracy grade of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is less than one third of the accuracy grade of the pulsed magnetic field sensor to be calibrated.
9. A calibration system for sensitivity coefficients of a low-frequency pulse magnetic field sensor is characterized by comprising a pulse magnetic field generator, a pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated, a Hall effect magnetic field sensor, an integrator and acquisition equipment;
the pulse magnetic field sensor to be calibrated and the Hall effect magnetic field sensor are both arranged in a pulse magnetic field excited by the pulse magnetic field generator;
the signal output end of the to-be-calibrated pulsed magnetic field sensor is connected with the signal input end of the integrator through a first coaxial line, and the signal output end of the integrator is connected with the second channel port of the acquisition equipment;
the signal output end of the Hall effect magnetic field sensor is connected with a second channel port of the acquisition equipment through a second coaxial line;
the signal transmission frequencies of the first coaxial line and the second coaxial line are the same and are both larger than the maximum value of the frequency of the pulse magnetic field signal to be transmitted.
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