CN113026033A - Cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, preparation method thereof and application of cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst as acidic oxygen precipitation reaction electrocatalyst - Google Patents
Cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, preparation method thereof and application of cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst as acidic oxygen precipitation reaction electrocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 cobalt metal complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VLWBWEUXNYUQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt ruthenium Chemical compound [Co].[Ru] VLWBWEUXNYUQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical group [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种钴掺杂钌基催化剂的制备方法，本发明首先制备出钌金属配合物与钴金属配合物均匀混合的前驱体，之后将前驱体在保护性气氛下碳化得到中间产物，最后将中间产物在空气中控制氧化，以得到钴掺杂钌基催化剂，在控制氧化过程中，钌钴合金表面会形成钌钴金属氧化物薄层，有效提高了催化剂的稳定性，且该核壳结构负载于导电碳载体上，使得到的钴掺杂钌基催化剂活性高、寿命长，同时制备方法简单，使用非贵金属钴掺杂贵金属钌，减少了钌的用量，降低了催化剂的生产成本，原料易获得，有利于大规模生产，在酸性氧析出反应中有较大的应用潜力。The invention provides a preparation method of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst. The invention firstly prepares a precursor in which a ruthenium metal complex and a cobalt metal complex are uniformly mixed, and then carbonizes the precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product, Finally, the intermediate product is controlled to be oxidized in air to obtain a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst. During the controlled oxidation process, a thin layer of ruthenium-cobalt metal oxide will be formed on the surface of the ruthenium-cobalt alloy, which effectively improves the stability of the catalyst. The shell structure is supported on the conductive carbon carrier, so that the obtained cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst has high activity and long service life, and at the same time, the preparation method is simple, and the use of non-precious metal cobalt to doped precious metal ruthenium reduces the amount of ruthenium and reduces the production cost of the catalyst , the raw materials are easy to obtain, which is conducive to large-scale production, and has great application potential in the acid oxygen evolution reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalysts, and particularly relates to a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, a preparation method thereof and application of the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst as an acidic oxygen precipitation reaction electrocatalyst.
Background
The global energy crisis and the growing environmental pollution problem have prompted people to find renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels. The method for producing hydrogen by using renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like to fully hydrolyze water is an attractive mode for continuously producing hydrogen. In the total hydrolysis process, the oxygen evolution reaction occurring on the anode requires higher energy than the hydrogen evolution reaction occurring on the cathode, and thus a great deal of effort has been put into the development of the oxygen evolution catalyst.
The oxygen evolution reaction under acidic conditions is more advantageous than alkaline conditions because the acidic electrolyte has higher ionic conductivity and fewer adverse reactions. Furthermore, commercial cation exchange membranes, such as Nafion, require that the oxygen evolution reaction be carried out under acidic conditions. However, most known oxygen evolution electrocatalysts do not work under severe acidic conditions, because the metal compounds are easily dissolved under oxidation potential and acidic conditions, causing the catalyst structure to be destroyed and thus losing catalytic activity. Therefore, in order to accelerate the application of hydrogen energy, a clean energy source, it is necessary to develop an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for an acidic oxygen evolution reaction.
Among numerous electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reactions, iridium-based and ruthenium-based catalysts account for a large proportion. Compared with the iridium-based catalyst, the ruthenium-based catalyst has low price and high activity. However, ruthenium-based catalysts have poor stability and short service life, which limits their practical applications.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof as an acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst.
The invention provides a preparation method of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
s1) mixing and heating ruthenium salt, cobalt salt, pyridine ligand and lithium salt in N, N-dimethylformamide for reaction, and then adding acetone to obtain a precursor;
s2) calcining and carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product;
s3) roasting and oxidizing the intermediate product in an oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
Preferably, the ruthenium salt is selected from ruthenium chloride; the cobalt salt is selected from cobalt chloride; the pyridine ligand is selected from bipyridine; the lithium salt is selected from lithium chloride.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the ruthenium salt to the cobalt salt is (1-9): (1-9); the total mole number of the ruthenium salt and the cobalt salt is 5 to 15 percent of the total mole number of the ruthenium salt, the cobalt salt, the pyridine ligand and the lithium salt; the molar ratio of the pyridine ligand to the lithium salt is (1-3): (5-8).
Preferably, the total mole number of the ruthenium salt and the cobalt salt is 10 percent of the total mole number of the ruthenium salt, the cobalt salt, the pyridine ligand and the lithium salt; the molar ratio of the pyridine ligand to the lithium salt is 2: 7.
preferably, the total molar concentration of the ruthenium salt, the cobalt salt, the pyridine ligand and the lithium salt in the mixed solution in the step S1) is 1-2 mol/L.
Preferably, the heating reaction temperature in the step S1) is 160-200 ℃; the heating reaction time is 5-15 h; the heating reaction is carried out in a protective atmosphere;
the temperature of calcination and carbonization in the step S2) is 600-1000 ℃; the calcination carbonization time is more than or equal to 0.5 h.
Preferably, the roasting oxidation temperature is 200-500 ℃; the roasting oxidation time is more than or equal to 0.5 h; the oxidizing atmosphere is air.
Preferably, the temperature rise rate of the calcination carbonization and the temperature rise rate of the roasting oxidation are respectively and independently 5-15 ℃/min.
Preferably, the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst comprises a carbon carrier and a core-shell structure loaded on the carbon carrier; the core-shell structure comprises an inner core and a shell wrapped outside the inner core; the inner core is ruthenium-cobalt alloy; the shell is made of ruthenium cobalt metal oxide.
The invention also provides an acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst which comprises the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
The invention provides a preparation method of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps: s1) mixing and heating ruthenium salt, cobalt salt, pyridine ligand and lithium salt in N, N-dimethylformamide for reaction, and then adding acetone to obtain a precursor; s2) calcining and carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product; s3) roasting and oxidizing the intermediate product in an oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method comprises the steps of firstly preparing a precursor with a ruthenium metal complex and a cobalt metal complex uniformly mixed, then carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product, finally controlling and oxidizing the intermediate product in the air to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, wherein a ruthenium-cobalt metal oxide thin layer is formed on the surface of a ruthenium-cobalt alloy in the oxidation control process, so that the stability of the catalyst is effectively improved, and the core-shell structure is loaded on a conductive carbon carrier, so that the obtained cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst is high in activity and long in service life.
Experimental results show that the current density of the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst provided by the invention reaches 10mA/cm in the acidic oxygen precipitation reaction2When the overpotential is 168mV, the overpotential can be 10mA/cm2The current density of the transformer is continuously operated for more than 400 h.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron micrograph (transmission electron microscope electron acceleration voltage 100kV) of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a constant current test chart of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a linear sweep voltammetry graph of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps: s1) mixing and heating ruthenium salt, cobalt salt, pyridine ligand and lithium salt in N, N-dimethylformamide for reaction, and then adding acetone to obtain a precursor; s2) calcining and carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product; s3) roasting and oxidizing the intermediate product in an oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
In the present invention, the sources of all raw materials are not particularly limited, and they may be commercially available.
The ruthenium salt is preferably ruthenium chloride; the cobalt salt is preferably cobalt chloride; the pyridine ligand is preferably bipyridine, and more preferably 2,2' -bipyridine; the lithium salt is preferably lithium chloride.
Mixing and heating ruthenium salt, cobalt salt, pyridine ligand and lithium salt in N, N-dimethylformamide for reaction; the molar ratio of the ruthenium salt to the cobalt salt is (1-9): (1-9), more preferably (2-8): (2-8), and more preferably (3-7): (2-6), more preferably (5-7): (2-4), most preferably (6-7): (3-4); the molar ratio of the pyridine ligand to the lithium salt is preferably (1-3): (5-8), more preferably (1.5-2.5): (6-7), and more preferably 2: 7; the total mole number of the ruthenium salt and the cobalt salt is preferably 5 to 15 percent of the total mole number of the ruthenium salt, the cobalt salt, the pyridine ligand and the lithium salt, more preferably 8 to 12 percent, still more preferably 9 to 11 percent, and most preferably 10 percent; the total molar concentration of the ruthenium salt, the cobalt salt, the pyridine ligand and the lithium salt in the mixed solution is preferably 1-2 mol/L, more preferably 1.2-1.6 mol/L, and further preferably 1.3-1.5 mol/L; the heating reaction is preferably carried out in a protective atmosphere; the protective atmosphere is preferably argon; the temperature of the heating reaction is preferably 160-200 ℃, more preferably 160-180 ℃, further preferably 160-170 ℃ and further preferably 165 ℃; the heating reaction time is preferably 5-15 h, more preferably 7-12 h, and further preferably 8-10 h; in the present invention, the heating reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of condensing reflux.
After the reaction is finished, preferably cooling to room temperature, and then adding acetone; the volume ratio of the mixed solution to acetone is preferably 1: (0.5 to 2), more preferably 1: (0.5 to 1.5), and preferably 1: 1; after adding acetone, preferably stirring and mixing uniformly, and separating out a precipitated solid to obtain a precursor; the stirring and mixing time is preferably 5-15 min, and more preferably 10 min.
Calcining and carbonizing the precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product; the protective atmosphere is not particularly limited as long as it is known to those skilled in the art, and nitrogen is preferred in the present invention; the calcination carbonization temperature is preferably 600-1000 ℃, more preferably 700-900 ℃, more preferably 750-850 ℃ and most preferably 800 ℃; the heating rate of the calcination carbonization is preferably 5-15 ℃/min, more preferably 8-12 ℃/min, and further preferably 10 ℃/min; the calcination carbonization time is preferably not less than 0.5h, more preferably 1-4 h, and still more preferably 2-3 h.
Roasting and oxidizing the intermediate product in an oxidizing atmosphere to obtain a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst; the volume fraction of oxygen in the oxidizing atmosphere is preferably 15% to 25%, more preferably 18% to 25%, and still more preferably 20% to 22%; in the present invention, the oxidizing atmosphere is preferably air; the roasting oxidation temperature is preferably 200-500 ℃, more preferably 200-350 ℃, further preferably 250-350 ℃, and most preferably 250 ℃; the heating rate of roasting oxidation is preferably 5-15 ℃/min, more preferably 8-12 ℃/min, and further preferably 10 ℃/min; the roasting oxidation time is preferably not less than 0.5h, more preferably 1-4 h, and still more preferably 2-3 h. According to the invention, by controlling oxidation, the composite metal oxide is formed on the surface of the alloy, so that the internal ruthenium-cobalt alloy can be effectively protected from corrosion damage when working in an acid electrolyte, the service life of the catalyst is effectively prolonged, and the catalytic activity of the ruthenium-cobalt alloy is maintained.
The invention firstly prepares a precursor of ruthenium metal complex and cobalt metal complex which are mixed evenly, then carbonizes the precursor in protective atmosphere to obtain an intermediate product, and finally controls the oxidation of the intermediate product in the protective atmosphere to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, in the process of controlling the oxidation, a ruthenium-cobalt metal oxide thin layer can be formed on the surface of the ruthenium-cobalt alloy, thus effectively improving the stability of the catalyst, and the core-shell structure is loaded on a conductive carbon carrier, so that the obtained cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst has high activity and long service life.
The invention also provides a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst prepared by the method, wherein the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst comprises a carbon carrier and a core-shell structure loaded on the carbon carrier; the core-shell structure comprises an inner core and a shell wrapped outside the inner core; the inner core is ruthenium-cobalt alloy; the shell is made of ruthenium cobalt metal oxide.
The invention also provides an acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst which comprises the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
In the invention, preferably, the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, ethanol and Nafion solution are mixed to obtain catalyst slurry; coating the catalyst slurry on a current collector to obtain an anode for an electrolytic water precipitation reaction; the ratio of the mass of the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst to the total volume of the ethanol and the Nafion solution is 1 mg: (25-30) μ l, more preferably 1 mg: 28 μ l; the volume ratio of the ethanol to the Nafion solution is preferably 25: (1-5), more preferably 25: 3; the concentration of the Nafion solution is preferably 3-8 wt%, and more preferably 5 wt%.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following will describe in detail a cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and an application thereof as an acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst, which are provided by the present invention, with reference to examples.
The reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the Mixed solution
156.8mg of RuCl3·3H2O、61.2mg CoCl2·6H2O, 267.8mg of 2,2' -bipyridine and 242.2mg of LiCl were added to 6mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred well to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) Preparation of the precursor
And (2) condensing and refluxing the mixed solution in the step (1) for 8 hours at 165 ℃ under the protection of argon, and continuously stirring. When the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, 6ml of acetone is added into the solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min and uniformly mixed. And collecting the solid precipitated from the mixed solution, and drying to obtain a powdery precursor.
(3) Carbonization of precursor
And carbonizing the obtained precursor for 2h at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere of 800 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product.
(4) Oxidation of the intermediate product to obtain the catalyst
And oxidizing the intermediate product in air at 250 ℃ for 2h at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
The cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the X-ray diffraction spectrum thereof was as shown in fig. 1.
The cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and a scanning electron microscopy image thereof was obtained as shown in fig. 2.
The cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in example 1 was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and a transmission electron microscopy micrograph is obtained as shown in fig. 3.
(5) Evaluation of catalyst Performance
10mg of the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst obtained in the step (4) was added to 280. mu.l of a mixed solution (containing 250. mu.l of anhydrous ethanol and 30. mu.l of 5 wt% Nafion) and stirred uniformly to prepare a catalyst slurry. Uniformly coating 40 mul of catalyst slurry on 0.6cm2The hydrophilic carbon paper is dried in the air and then used as an anode for electrolytic water oxygen precipitation reaction.
And (3) testing conditions are as follows: using the three-electrode test method, carbon paper coated with catalyst as the working electrode, 0.5M H2SO4As electrolyte, Ag/AgCl was used as reference electrode, carbon rod as counter electrode, CHI760E as test instrument, and the test was performed at normal temperature and pressure.
Constant current testing: current density 10mA/cm2To obtain a constant current diagram of the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, as shown in fig. 4.
Linear sweep voltammetry test: the voltage scanning range is 0.8-1.5V, the scanning speed is 10mV/s, and a linear scanning voltammetry chart of the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst is obtained, as shown in FIG. 5.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of the Mixed solution
156.8mg of RuCl3·3H2O、61.2mg CoCl2·6H2O, 267.8mg of 2,2' -bipyridine and 242.2mg of LiCl were added to 6mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred well to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) Preparation of the precursor
And (2) condensing and refluxing the mixed solution in the step (1) for 8 hours at 165 ℃ under the protection of argon, and continuously stirring. When the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, 6ml of acetone is added into the solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min and uniformly mixed. And collecting the solid precipitated from the mixed solution, and drying to obtain a powdery precursor.
(3) Carbonizing the precursor to obtain the catalyst
And carbonizing the obtained precursor for 2h at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere of 800 ℃ to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
(4) Evaluation of catalyst Performance
The same performance evaluation method as in example 1 was employed
Linear sweep voltammetry test: the voltage scanning range is 0.8-1.5V, and the scanning speed is 10mV/s1。
Constant current testing: current density 10mA/cm2。
Example 3
(1) Preparation of the Mixed solution
156.8mg of RuCl3·3H2O、61.2mg CoCl2·6H2O, 267.8mg of 2,2' -bipyridine and 242.2mg of LiCl were added to 6mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred well to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) Preparation of the precursor
And (2) condensing and refluxing the mixed solution in the step (1) for 8 hours at 165 ℃ under the protection of argon, and continuously stirring. When the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, 6ml of acetone is added into the solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min and uniformly mixed. And collecting the solid precipitated from the mixed solution, and drying to obtain a powdery precursor.
(3) Carbonization of precursor
And carbonizing the obtained precursor for 2h at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere of 800 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product.
(4) Oxidation of the intermediate product to obtain the catalyst
And oxidizing the intermediate product in air at 200 ℃ for 2h at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
(5) Evaluation of catalyst Performance
The same performance evaluation method as in example 1 was employed
Linear sweep voltammetry test: the voltage scanning range is 0.8-1.5V, and the scanning speed is 10 mV/s.
Constant current testing: current density 10mA/cm2。
Comparative example 1
(1) Preparation of the Mixed solution
156.8mg of RuCl3·3H2O、61.2mg CoCl2·6H2O, 267.8mg of 2,2' -bipyridine and 242.2mg of LiCl were added to 6mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred well to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) Preparation of the precursor
And (2) condensing and refluxing the mixed solution in the step (1) for 8 hours at 165 ℃ under the protection of argon, and continuously stirring. When the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, 6ml of acetone is added into the solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min and uniformly mixed. And collecting the solid precipitated from the mixed solution, and drying to obtain a powdery precursor.
(3) Carbonization of precursor
And carbonizing the obtained precursor for 2h at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere of 800 ℃ to obtain an intermediate product.
(4) Oxidation of the intermediate product to obtain the catalyst
And oxidizing the intermediate product in air at 300 ℃ for 2h at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain the cobalt-doped ruthenium-based catalyst.
(5) Evaluation of catalyst Performance
The same performance evaluation method as in example 1 was employed
Linear sweep voltammetry test: the voltage scanning range is 0.8-1.5V, and the scanning speed is 10 mV/s.
Constant current testing: current density 10mA/cm2。
Comparative example 2
(1) Preparation of the Mixed solution
156.8mg of RuCl3·3H2O, 187.4mg of 2,2' -bipyridine and 169.6mg of LiCl were added to 6mL of N, N-dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred well to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) Preparation of the precursor
And (2) condensing and refluxing the mixed solution in the step (1) for 8 hours at 165 ℃ under the protection of argon, and continuously stirring. When the temperature of the mixed solution is reduced to room temperature, 6ml of acetone is added into the solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min and uniformly mixed. And collecting the solid precipitated from the mixed solution, and drying to obtain a powdery precursor.
(3) Carbonization of precursor
And carbonizing the obtained precursor for 2h at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere of 800 ℃ to obtain the ruthenium-based catalyst.
(4) Evaluation of catalyst Performance
The same performance evaluation method as in example 1 was employed
Linear sweep voltammetry test: the voltage scanning range is 0.8-1.5V, and the scanning speed is 10 mV/s.
Constant current testing: current density 10mA/cm2。
The results of the performance tests of the catalysts obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of catalyst Performance testing
| Catalyst and process for preparing same | 10mA/cm2Overpotential (mV) | 10mA/cm2Constant current stability test (h) |
| Example 1 | 168 | Over 400 deg.C |
| Example 2 | 165 | 2 |
| Example 3 | 166 | 2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 186 | Over 100 |
| Comparative example 2 | 166 | 1 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the cobalt-doped ruthenium electrocatalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction prepared by the method of the present invention has small catalytic overpotential and excellent stability.
Claims (10)
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| WO2024086742A1 (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | William Marsh Rice University | Ruthenium-based stable anode catalysts for water oxidation reaction in acidic electrolytes |
| CN118743991A (en) * | 2024-06-24 | 2024-10-08 | 武汉纺织大学 | Preparation method and application of a core-shell structure RuMo-O@Ru-based catalyst with high-valent transition element doped oxygen-rich surface |
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