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CN113013470A - Lithium ion power battery cell grouping method - Google Patents

Lithium ion power battery cell grouping method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113013470A
CN113013470A CN202110195765.5A CN202110195765A CN113013470A CN 113013470 A CN113013470 A CN 113013470A CN 202110195765 A CN202110195765 A CN 202110195765A CN 113013470 A CN113013470 A CN 113013470A
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battery cell
voltage
battery
standing
charging
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CN113013470B (en
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王灵君
窦元运
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Wuhu Etc Battery Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404Machines for assembling batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/344Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery core matching method of a lithium ion power battery, which comprises the following steps: charging and discharging the battery cell to obtain charging and discharging polarization voltage, and calculating a polarization resistance ratio; grading the battery cell according to the polarization resistance ratio r of the battery cell; rejecting abnormal points of the retention quantity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge parameters of the battery cell after grading; automatically grouping the cells of the same level in series and parallel; compared with a method for grouping by capacity, the polarization impedance of the battery cell in the actual charging and discharging process is considered and added into the matching group, the whole capacity exertion of the battery cell pack is obviously improved, the original capacity conversion rate of 85-92% is improved to 93-95%, the heat production of a module is reduced, and the internal consumption is reduced. The operation is simple and easy.

Description

Lithium ion power battery cell grouping method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion power batteries, and particularly relates to a battery core matching method of a lithium ion power battery.
Background
The lithium ion power battery as an environment-friendly battery has the advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, high safety performance, long service life and the like.
At present, the commonly used matching scheme in the lithium battery industry is basically to group by capacity, and scattered points are only removed from parameters such as liquid retention capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge and shipment voltage of a battery cell. The matching scheme only considers the static state of the battery cell and ignores the dynamic change of the battery cell in the working process. Therefore, the capacity of the lithium ion battery cells after being assembled is reduced compared with the capacity of the single battery cells, the phenomenon of insufficient driving mileage of a vehicle is directly caused, and the production cost of the single battery cells is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for matching battery cores of a lithium ion power battery. The rebound voltage of the battery cell near the upper limit of the charging voltage and near the lower limit of the discharging voltage reflects the polarization internal resistance of the battery cell, and the polarization internal resistance can reflect the attenuation speed, so that the battery cells after being matched can be ensured to achieve the purpose of synchronous attenuation through rebound voltage grouping, and the capacity conversion rate is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a lithium ion power battery cell grouping method comprises the following steps:
(1) charging and discharging the battery cell to obtain charging and discharging polarization voltage, and calculating a polarization resistance ratio;
(2) grading the battery cell according to the polarization resistance ratio r of the battery cell;
(3) rejecting abnormal points of the retention quantity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge parameters of the battery cell after grading;
(4) and automatically grouping the cells of the same level in series and parallel.
Further, the step (1) specifically includes the steps of:
(1-1) standing a battery cell to be assembled;
(1-2) charging with a constant current of 0.5-1C to a specified voltage VA
(1-3) standing, and testing the voltage V of the cell after standing1
(1-4) fully charging at a current of 0.1-0.5 ℃;
(1-5) then carrying out constant voltage charging under the full charging voltage in the step (1-4) until the current is reduced to 0.02-0.05 ℃;
(1-6) standing;
(1-7) constant current discharging is carried out at 0.5-1C current, and the constant current is discharged to a specified voltage VB
(1-8) standing, and testing the voltage V of the cell after standing2
(1-9) carrying out constant current discharge at a current of 0.1-0.5 ℃ until the lower limit voltage is cut off;
(1-10) standing;
(1-11) calculating a polarization resistance ratio, r ═ VA-V1)/(V2-VB)。
In step (1-2), VAThe upper limit voltage of the battery cell is (0.1-0.5) V.
In step (1-7), VBThe lower limit voltage of the battery cell is + (0.1-0.5) V.
In the step (2), the polarization resistance ratios r of all the battery cells are grouped from low to high at intervals of 0.1-0.5.
And (3) rejecting the battery cells with the reserved quantity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge respectively outside the reserved quantity average value +/-3 sigma, outside the alternating current internal resistance average value +/-3 sigma and outside the self-discharge average value +/-3 sigma.
The standing time is at least 5 min.
And (4) randomly selecting the battery cells from the battery cells of the same level to form a unit module.
The lithium ion power battery obtained by the grouping method improves the whole capacity exertion of the battery cores after grouping.
Compared with the prior art, the invention considers the polarization impedance in the actual charging and discharging process of the battery cell and adds the polarization impedance to the matching group, and compared with a method of grouping by capacity, the invention obviously improves the whole capacity exertion of the battery cell package, improves the original capacity conversion rate of 85-92 percent to 93-95 percent, reduces the heat production of a module and reduces the internal consumption. The operation is simple and easy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery cell grouping method of a lithium ion power battery in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a temperature change curve during discharge of lithium ion cells obtained by the grouping method in example 1 and comparative example 1;
fig. 3 is a temperature change curve during discharge of the lithium ion cells obtained by the grouping method in example 2 and comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The conditions of the charge and discharge test and the capacity conversion rate in each of the examples and comparative examples were calculated as follows:
charging and discharging test conditions: 1. charging the module to the upper limit voltage of the module (the upper limit of the voltage of the single battery cell is connected in series) by a constant current of 1C; 2. charging at an upper limit voltage until the current is reduced to 0.05C; 3. standing for 5 min; 4. discharging the module to a module lower limit voltage (lower voltage limit of the monomer battery cells) by using a 1C current constant current, wherein the capacity value obtained in the step is the capacity value of the module; 5. standing for 5 min;
the capacity conversion rate is the module capacity/the minimum single-cell capacity (the minimum capacity value in each single cell constituting the module);
remarking: the upper and lower voltage limits of the single battery cell are determined by the main materials of the battery cell with positive and negative poles, and the upper and lower voltage limits of lithium iron phosphate in the example are as follows: 3.65V, 2.5V; the upper and lower limit voltages of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate are as follows: 4.2V, 2.8V;
the temperature rise curves in the discharge process in each example and comparative example were obtained in the following manner:
and (4) monitoring the large-area temperature of the battery cell by using a multi-path temperature measuring instrument while performing the charging and discharging, and intercepting the temperature change corresponding to the step 4 to make a temperature rise curve.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
A lithium ion power battery cell grouping method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of charging and discharging the battery cell, obtaining charging and discharging polarization voltage, and calculating a polarization resistance ratio, specifically:
(1-1) standing the battery cell to be assembled for at least 5 min;
(1-2) charging at a constant current of 0.5-1C to a specified voltage VA,VAThe upper limit voltage of the battery cell is (0.1-0.5) V;
(1-3) standing for at least 5min, and testing the voltage V of the cell after standing1
(1-4) fully charging at a current of 0.1-0.5 ℃;
(1-5) then carrying out constant voltage charging under the full charging voltage in the step (1-4) until the current is reduced to 0.02-0.05 ℃;
(1-6) standing for at least 5 min;
(1-7) constant current discharging is carried out at 0.5-1C current, and the constant current is discharged to a specified voltage VB,VBThe lower limit voltage of the battery cell is + (0.1-0.5) V;
(1-8) standing for at least 5min, and testing the voltage V of the cell after standing2
(1-9) carrying out constant current discharge at a current of 0.1-0.5 ℃ until the lower limit voltage is cut off;
(1-10) standing for at least 5 min;
(1-11) calculating a polarization resistance ratio, r ═ VA-V1)/(V2-VB)。
(2) Classifying the battery cell according to the polarization resistance ratio r of the battery cell: and grouping the polarization resistance ratios r of all the battery cells from low to high at intervals of 0.1-0.5.
(3) Removing the battery cores with the preserved quantity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge respectively outside the preserved quantity average value +/-3 sigma, the alternating current internal resistance average value +/-3 sigma and the self-discharge average value +/-3 sigma from the graded battery cores;
(4) and randomly selecting the battery cells from the battery cells at the same level to form a unit module.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1[ lithium iron phosphate-energy storage crust ]
A matching method of 100Ah lithium iron phosphate energy storage hard shell battery cells comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of performing a special charging and discharging process on all the battery cores to be assembled, and specifically performing the following steps:
(1-1) standing for 5 min;
(1-2) constant current charging of 50A to 3.55V;
(1-3) standing for 5 min; and testing the electricity at that timeVoltage V of the core1,V1All are in the range of 3.35-3.38V;
(1-4) constant current charging of 10A to 3.65V;
(1-5) charging to 5A at a constant voltage of 3.65V;
(1-6) standing for 5 min;
(1-7) discharging the 50A at constant current to 2.7V;
(1-8) standing for 5 min; and testing the voltage V of the battery cell at the moment2,V2Are all in the range of 2.60-2.90V;
(1-9) discharging 10A at constant current to 2.5V;
(1-10) standing for 5 min;
(1-11) selecting the voltage V in the step (1-3) according to the charging and discharging process1And voltage V of step (1-8)2The polarization resistance ratio r is calculated as (3.55-V)1)/(V2-2.5V); the r value is in the range of 0.5-1.3;
(2) the polarization resistance ratio r of all the battery cells is divided into a plurality of levels such as 1, 2 and 3 from low to high at intervals of 0.2;
(3) rejecting abnormal points of parameters such as cell holding capacity, alternating current internal resistance and self-discharge from the classified cells: the battery cell with the capacity of 500 +/-3 g, the alternating current internal resistance of 0.2-0.3 m omega and the self-discharge of-0.2 mV/h is characterized in that the capacity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge are all within the capacity mean value +/-3 sigma, the alternating current internal resistance mean value +/-3 sigma and the self-discharge mean value +/-3 sigma;
(4) and randomly selecting the battery cells from the battery cells at the same level to form a unit module.
The 3 minimum unit modules of 2 strings composed of 6 electric cores in the embodiment are subjected to charge and discharge tests to calculate the mean value of the capacity conversion rate, and a multi-channel thermodetector is used for monitoring the temperature change of the electric cores in the charge and discharge processes, wherein the mean value of the capacity conversion rate is improved by 4.2% compared with that of the comparative example 1.
Example 2[ lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide-Power Soft pack ]
A matching method of 40Ah nickel cobalt lithium manganate power soft-packaged battery cells comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of performing a special charging and discharging process on all the battery cores to be assembled, and specifically performing the following steps:
(1-1) standing for 5 min;
(1-2)20A is charged to 4.0V by constant current;
(1-3) standing for 5 min; and testing the voltage V of the battery cell at the moment1,V1All are in the range of 3.7-3.85V;
(1-4) constant current charging of 4A to 4.2V;
(1-5) charging to 2A at a constant voltage of 4.2V;
(1-6) standing for 5 min;
(1-7) discharging the 20A at constant current to 3.0V;
(1-8) standing for 5 min; and testing the voltage V of the battery cell at the moment2,V2All are in the range of 3.1-3.3V;
(1-9) discharging 4A at constant current to 2.8V;
(1-10) standing for 5 min;
(1-11) selecting the voltage V in the step (1-3) according to the charging and discharging process1And voltage V of step (1-8)2The polarization resistance ratio r is calculated as (3.55-V)1)/(V2-2.5V), r is in the range of 0.5 to 3;
(2) the polarization resistance ratio r of all the battery cells is divided into a plurality of levels of 1, 2, 3 and the like from low to high at intervals of 0.5;
(3) rejecting abnormal points of parameters such as cell holding capacity, alternating current internal resistance and self-discharge from the classified cells: the battery cell with the capacity of 120 +/-3 g, the alternating current internal resistance of 0.5-0.7 m omega and the self-discharge of 0-0.2 mV/h, namely the battery cell with the capacity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge within the capacity mean value +/-3 sigma, the alternating current internal resistance mean value +/-3 sigma and the self-discharge mean value +/-3 sigma;
(4) and randomly selecting the battery cells from the battery cells at the same level to form a unit module.
The 3 minimum unit modules of 2 strings composed of 6 electric cores in the embodiment are subjected to charge and discharge tests to calculate the mean value of the capacity conversion rate, and a multi-channel thermodetector is used for monitoring the temperature change of the electric cores in the charge and discharge processes, wherein the mean value of the capacity conversion rate is improved by 4.5% compared with that of the comparative example 1.
Comparative example 1[ lithium iron phosphate-energy storage hard shell ]
A matching method of 100Ah lithium iron phosphate energy storage hard shell battery cells comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the battery cell with the performance parameter meeting the following standard: the battery cell with the capacity of 500 +/-3 g, the alternating current internal resistance of 0.2-0.3 m omega and the self-discharge of-0.2 mV/h is characterized in that the capacity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge are all within the capacity mean value +/-3 sigma, the alternating current internal resistance mean value +/-3 sigma and the self-discharge mean value +/-3 sigma;
(2) grading the capacity: the capacity mean value-3 sigma is used as a lower limit of classification, the capacity mean value +3 sigma is used as an upper limit of classification, the capacity mean value-3 sigma + m 2Ah is automatically classified, m is a grade, and m is 1, 2 and 3 … ….
(3) And randomly selecting the battery cells from the battery cells at the same level to form a unit module.
The 3 minimum unit modules of 2 strings composed of 6 cells in the comparative example were subjected to charge-discharge testing to calculate the mean value of the capacity conversion rate, and the temperature change of the cells in the charge-discharge process was monitored using a multichannel thermometer, with the results shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2[ lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide-Power Soft pack ]
A matching method of 40Ah nickel cobalt lithium manganate power soft-packaged battery cells comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the battery cell with the performance parameter meeting the following standard: the battery cell with the capacity of 120 +/-3 g, the alternating current internal resistance of 0.5-0.7 m omega and the self-discharge of 0-0.2 mV/h, namely the battery cell with the capacity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge within the capacity mean value +/-3 sigma, the alternating current internal resistance mean value +/-3 sigma and the self-discharge mean value +/-3 sigma;
(2) grading the capacity: the capacity mean value-3 sigma is used as a lower limit of grading, the capacity mean value +3 sigma is used as an upper limit of grading, the capacity mean value-3 sigma + m 0.8Ah is automatically graded, m is grade, and m is 1, 2 and 3 … ….
(3) And randomly selecting the battery cells from the battery cells at the same level to form a unit module.
The 3 minimum unit modules of 2 strings composed of 6 cells in the comparative example were subjected to charge-discharge testing to calculate the mean value of the capacity conversion rate, and the temperature change of the cells in the charge-discharge process was monitored using a multichannel thermometer, with the results shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002944633850000081
The temperature change curves of the minimum cell module discharge processes in each of the examples and comparative examples were tested, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and 3, from which it can be seen that the temperature rise of 3 samples in examples 1 and 2 is significantly lower than that of 3 samples in comparative examples 1 and 2.
The above detailed description of a method for assembling lithium ion power battery cells with reference to the embodiments is illustrative and not restrictive, and several embodiments may be enumerated within the scope of the limitations, so that changes and modifications without departing from the general concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A lithium ion power battery cell grouping method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) charging and discharging the battery cell to obtain charging and discharging polarization voltage, and calculating a polarization resistance ratio;
(2) grading the battery cell according to the polarization resistance ratio r of the battery cell;
(3) rejecting abnormal points of the retention quantity, the alternating current internal resistance and the self-discharge parameters of the battery cell after grading;
(4) and automatically grouping the cells of the same level in series and parallel.
2. The battery cell grouping method for lithium-ion power batteries according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1-1) standing a battery cell to be assembled;
(1-2) charging at a constant current of 0.5-1C to a specified voltage VA
(1-3) standing, and testing the voltage V of the cell after standing1
(1-4) fully charging at a current of 0.1-0.5 ℃;
(1-5) then carrying out constant voltage charging under the full charging voltage in the step (1-4) until the current is reduced to 0.02-0.05 ℃;
(1-6) standing;
(1-7) constant current discharging is carried out at 0.5-1C current, and the constant current is discharged to a specified voltage VB
(1-8) standing, and testing the voltage V of the cell after standing2
(1-9) carrying out constant current discharge at a current of 0.1-0.5 ℃ until the lower limit voltage is cut off;
(1-10) standing;
(1-11) calculating a polarization resistance ratio, r ═ VA-V1)/(V2-VB)。
3. The method for grouping lithium-ion power battery cells according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1-2), V isAThe upper limit voltage of the battery cell is (0.1-0.5) V.
4. The method for grouping lithium-ion power battery cells according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1-7), V isBThe lower limit voltage of the battery cell is + (0.1-0.5) V.
5. The battery cell grouping method of the lithium-ion power battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the polarization resistance ratios r of all the battery cells are grouped from low to high at intervals of 0.1-0.5.
6. The battery cell grouping method of lithium-ion power batteries according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (3), cells with retention capacity, alternating-current internal resistance and self-discharge respectively outside the retention capacity mean value ± 3 sigma, outside the alternating-current internal resistance mean value ± 3 sigma and outside the self-discharge mean value ± 3 sigma are rejected.
7. The method for grouping lithium-ion power battery cells according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the standing time is at least 5 min.
8. The battery cell grouping method of the lithium-ion power battery of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the battery cells are randomly selected from the battery cells of the same level to form the unit module.
9. A lithium ion power cell assembled by the assembly method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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CN106338642A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-01-18 安徽舟之航电池有限公司 Single cell consistency testing method
US20190128969A1 (en) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-02 Microvast Power Systems Co., Ltd. Method for measuring the internal resistance of batteries
CN110085935A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-02 骆驼集团武汉光谷研发中心有限公司 A kind of method of power lithium-ion battery conformity classification
CN110548702A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-10 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 Consistency screening method for power type lithium battery
CN111426971A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-17 浙江华云信息科技有限公司 Method and device for measuring battery internal resistance component
CN111617989A (en) * 2019-02-28 2020-09-04 清华大学深圳研究生院 Multi-parameter sorting method for lithium ion power battery

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003197275A (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-11 Panasonic Ev Energy Co Ltd Estimating method of polarized voltage of secondary battery, estimating method and device of residual capacity of secondary battery, as well as battery pack system
US20110156713A1 (en) * 2009-12-25 2011-06-30 Primearth Ev Energy Co., Ltd. Apparatus for calculating polarization voltage of secondary battery and apparatus for estimating state of charge of the same
CN104934650A (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-23 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 Method for reusing decommissioned lithium ion power battery
CN106338642A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-01-18 安徽舟之航电池有限公司 Single cell consistency testing method
US20190128969A1 (en) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-02 Microvast Power Systems Co., Ltd. Method for measuring the internal resistance of batteries
CN111617989A (en) * 2019-02-28 2020-09-04 清华大学深圳研究生院 Multi-parameter sorting method for lithium ion power battery
CN110085935A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-02 骆驼集团武汉光谷研发中心有限公司 A kind of method of power lithium-ion battery conformity classification
CN110548702A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-10 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 Consistency screening method for power type lithium battery
CN111426971A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-17 浙江华云信息科技有限公司 Method and device for measuring battery internal resistance component

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