CN113013447A - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
Fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113013447A CN113013447A CN202011494196.6A CN202011494196A CN113013447A CN 113013447 A CN113013447 A CN 113013447A CN 202011494196 A CN202011494196 A CN 202011494196A CN 113013447 A CN113013447 A CN 113013447A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
在燃料电池的运行中适当地判定有无基于燃料电池的发电的节能的优点。燃料电池系统具备：燃料电池、将由燃料电池进行发电的直流电力转换为能够与电力系统连网的交流电力并输出的电力转换装置、将伴随燃料电池的发电而产生的废热回收，并为了废热利用而向外部输出该废热的废热输出装置以及控制部。控制部在燃料电池的运行中使用规定的阈值进行如下判定：与由电力系统的供应商的发电设备使用从燃料的投入能量除去了用于废热利用的能量后的贡献给发电的能量进行发电相比，通过燃料电池使用投入能量进行发电并从电力转换装置输出是否有节能的优点，并且，控制部基于判定为没有优点而进行用于使燃料电池的运行停止的规定处理。
In the operation of the fuel cell, it is appropriately determined whether or not there is an advantage of energy saving by the power generation of the fuel cell. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a power conversion device that converts DC power generated by the fuel cell into AC power that can be connected to the power grid and outputs it, and recovers waste heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell, and utilizes the waste heat On the other hand, a waste heat output device and a control unit output the waste heat to the outside. The control unit uses a predetermined threshold value during the operation of the fuel cell to determine whether the power generation facility of the power system supplier uses the energy contributed to the power generation by excluding the energy used for waste heat utilization from the input energy of the fuel. The control unit performs predetermined processing for stopping the operation of the fuel cell based on determining whether there is an advantage in saving energy by using the input energy to generate electricity by the fuel cell and outputting it from the power conversion device.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
Background
Conventionally, as such a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system that diagnoses the state of a fuel cell provided in the system is known. For example, patent document 1 discloses: a dedicated diagnostic device is connected to the fuel cell, and the generated current, generated voltage, and the like of the fuel cell when it operates in the diagnostic dedicated operation mode are detected, and these detected values are compared with the reference values during normal operation, thereby determining the mechanical failure, deterioration due to long-term use, and the like of the fuel cell.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 4352688
Problems to be solved by the invention
In the system of patent document 1, the fuel cell is operated in an operation mode dedicated for diagnosis in order to diagnose the fuel cell, and during this time, the normal operation of the fuel cell cannot be performed. Therefore, there is a fear that the advantage of energy saving by operating the fuel cell is reduced. In addition, in the fuel cell system, the exhaust heat accompanying the power generation can be recovered and utilized, and therefore, even if the fuel cell is deteriorated, an advantage of energy saving may be obtained depending on the degree of the deterioration, and therefore, if the exhaust heat utilization is not considered, an inappropriate determination result may be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
A main object of the fuel cell system of the present invention is to appropriately determine whether or not there is an advantage of energy saving by power generation during operation of a fuel cell.
Means for solving the problems
The fuel cell system of the present invention adopts the following means to achieve the above-described main object.
A fuel cell system of the present invention includes:
a fuel cell that generates electric power by receiving input of fuel;
a power converter for converting the DC power generated by the fuel cell into AC power connectable to a power system and outputting the AC power,
an exhaust heat output device that recovers exhaust heat generated by the power generation of the fuel cell and outputs the exhaust heat to the outside for exhaust heat utilization; and
a control unit that controls the fuel cell, the power conversion device, and the exhaust heat output device,
in the fuel cell system of the present invention,
the control unit performs the following determination using a predetermined threshold value during the operation of the fuel cell: the fuel cell generates power using the input energy and outputs from the power conversion device whether or not there is an advantage of energy saving, as compared to power generation using energy that contributes to power generation after energy for waste heat utilization is removed from the input energy of the fuel by power generation equipment of a supplier of the power system, and the control unit performs predetermined processing for stopping the operation of the fuel cell based on a situation in which it is determined that there is no advantage.
In the fuel cell system of the present invention, the determination of whether there is an advantage of energy saving by performing power generation by the fuel cell and outputting power from the power conversion device is performed using a predetermined threshold value during operation of the fuel cell, as compared with performing power generation by power generation equipment of a supplier of the power system. Further, based on the determination that there is no merit, predetermined processing for stopping the operation of the fuel cell is performed. Thus, the fuel cell can be determined to have an advantage of energy saving without operating the fuel cell in the operation mode dedicated for diagnosis. Further, by using the energy that contributes to the power generation after the energy for waste heat utilization is removed from the input energy of the fuel in the power generation of the power generation facility of the supplier, the advantage of the energy for waste heat utilization can be reflected in the power generation of the fuel cell system, and therefore, the advantage of energy saving can be determined more appropriately. Therefore, the presence or absence of the advantage of energy saving by power generation can be appropriately determined during the operation of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell system of the present invention may further include a storage unit that stores a determination map in which the following relationship is established: the control unit acquires the input value and the output value during operation of the fuel cell, derives the threshold value corresponding to the acquired input value from the determination map, and performs the determination by using the output value or the input energy of the fuel cell as an input value, the generated power of the fuel cell system or the output voltage of the fuel cell as an output value, and the output value corresponding to the input value as the threshold value. Thus, the threshold value can be quickly derived from the determination map and determined, and the presence or absence of energy saving can be more appropriately determined while suppressing an increase in processing load.
In the fuel cell system of the present invention, the determination map may be configured to identify an advantage boundary line indicating a correspondence relationship between the input value and the threshold value and a deterioration assumption line indicating a correspondence relationship between the output value and the input value at the time of deterioration assumed based on power generation characteristics of the fuel cell system, with the input value as a horizontal axis and the output value as a vertical axis, identify a range in which the deterioration assumption line is lower than the advantage boundary line, the control unit may derive the threshold value corresponding to the input value from the advantage boundary line to perform the determination when the input value acquired during operation of the fuel cell is outside the range, and the control unit may derive the output value corresponding to the input value from the deterioration assumption line when the input value acquired during operation of the fuel cell is within the range, and the decision is made using the derived output value as the threshold value. In this way, even if the output value corresponding to the input value is lower than the degradation assumption line due to degradation of the fuel cell system outside the range where the degradation assumption line is lower than the merit boundary, it is determined that there is an advantage of energy saving and the fuel cell is operated as long as the output value is larger than the threshold derived from the merit boundary. On the other hand, in a range where the degradation assumption line is lower than the merit boundary, the degradation of the fuel cell system progresses, and the power generation output tends to become unstable, and it is considered that the fuel cell is rarely operated in this range in a normal use state. Within this range, by making the determination using the threshold value based on the degradation assumption line, it is possible to suppress the fuel cell from operating in a state where degradation progresses without an advantage of energy saving.
In the fuel cell system of the present invention, the determination map may have a map in which, with the input value on the horizontal axis, and a merit boundary line indicating a correspondence relationship between the input value and the threshold value and a deterioration assumption line indicating a correspondence relationship between the output value and the input value at the time of deterioration assumed based on the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell system are determined with the output value as a vertical axis, and a range in which the degradation assumed line is lower than the merit boundary is determined, in a case where the input value acquired in the operation of the fuel cell is outside the range, the control unit derives the threshold value corresponding to the input value from the merit boundary and performs the determination, the control portion omits the determination when the input value acquired in the operation of the fuel cell is within the range. In this way, even if the output value corresponding to the input value is lower than the degradation assumption line due to degradation of the fuel cell system outside the range where the degradation assumption line is lower than the merit boundary, it is determined that there is an advantage of energy saving and the fuel cell is operated as long as the output value is larger than the threshold derived from the merit boundary, and therefore, the advantage of energy saving can be provided even if degradation progresses. On the other hand, in a range where the degradation assumption line is lower than the merit boundary, the degradation of the fuel cell system progresses, and the power generation output tends to become unstable, and it is considered that the fuel cell is rarely operated in this range in a normal use state. In this range, by omitting the determination, it is possible to prevent erroneous determination of the presence or absence of the merit and the like.
In the fuel cell system of the present invention, the exhaust heat output device may include: a hot water storage tank that recovers waste heat and stores it as hot water; a supply water temperature sensor that detects a temperature of water supplied to the hot water storage tank; a hot water discharge temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank; and a hot water discharge amount sensor that detects an amount of hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank, wherein the control unit uses, as the energy for waste heat utilization, energy derived from: the heat amount is based on a temperature difference between the temperature of the hot water detected by the hot water discharge temperature sensor and the temperature of the water detected by the feed water temperature sensor and the amount of the hot water detected by the hot water discharge amount sensor. In this way, the energy actually used for waste heat utilization during the operation of the fuel cell can be derived, and therefore, the advantage of the energy saving can be further appropriately determined.
In the fuel cell system according to the present invention, the control unit may perform the predetermined process when it is determined that the situation in which the advantage is not present continues for a predetermined time. In this way, the presence or absence of the energy saving advantage can be appropriately determined, in addition to the case where the advantage is temporarily reduced due to the load variation, the output variation, or the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system 10.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of creating the determination map.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the determination map 93 a.
Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the voltage line and the power line.
Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the generated power W and the generated efficiency ks.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the abnormality determination processing.
Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a determination map 193a of a modification.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing an abnormality determination process according to a modification.
Description of the symbols
2 commercial power system, 4-wire, 10 fuel cell system, 20 fuel cell unit, 25 hot water supply unit, 26 gas burner, 30 power generation module, 31 module case, 32 vaporizer, 34 reformer, 36 fuel cell stack, 38 combustion section, 40 raw fuel gas supply device, 41 raw fuel gas supply pipe, 42 gas supply valve, 43 gas pump, 44 flow sensor, 45 air supply device, 46 air supply pipe, 47 filter, 48 blower, 50 reforming water supply device, 51 reforming water supply pipe, 52 reforming water pump, 53 reforming water tank, 60 waste heat recovery device, 61 circulation pipe, 62 circulation pump, 63 heat exchanger, 64 condensed water supply pipe, 65 exhaust gas discharge pipe, 70 hot water storage tank, 71 water supply pipe, 72 hot water discharge pipe, 73 mixing valve, 74 water supply temperature sensor, 75 hot water discharge temperature sensor, 76 hot water discharge sensor, 80 power regulators, 81 stack current sensors, 82 stack voltage sensors, 83 output current sensors, 84 output voltage sensors, 90 control devices, 91 control units, 92 communication units, 93 storage units, 93a, 193a determination maps, and 95 operation panels.
Detailed Description
The mode for carrying out the present invention will be explained.
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system 10. As shown in the drawing, the fuel cell system 10 includes: a fuel cell unit 20, a hot water supply unit 25, a control device 90, and an operation panel 95. The fuel cell system 10 can supply electric power generated by the fuel cell unit 20 to electric equipment of a house, not shown, and can supply hot water from the hot water supply unit 25 to hot water equipment of the house.
The fuel cell unit 20 includes: a power generation module 30, a raw fuel gas supply device 40, an air supply device 45, a reforming water supply device 50, an exhaust heat recovery device 60, a hot water storage tank 70, and a power conditioner 80.
The power generation module 30 includes: a vaporizer 32 for vaporizing reformed water to generate steam, a reformer 34 for reforming a raw fuel gas such as a natural gas or an LP gas by steam reforming to generate a reformed gas, a fuel cell stack 36 for generating electricity by supplying the reformed gas and an oxidizing gas, and an ignition heater, not shown. The vaporizer 32, the reformer 34, and the fuel cell stack 36 are housed in a box-shaped module case 31 made of a heat insulating material. In order to supply heat necessary for the start-up of the fuel cell stack 36, the generation of steam in the vaporizer 32, and the steam reforming reaction in the reformer 34, a combustion unit 38 is provided in the module case 31, and the combustion unit 38 combusts the fuel off-gas (anode off-gas) and the oxidant off-gas (cathode off-gas) after passing through the fuel cell stack 36.
The fuel cell stack 36 is formed by stacking solid oxide fuel cell members including: the solid electrolyte comprises a solid electrolyte composed of an oxygen ion conductor, an anode provided on one surface of the solid electrolyte, and a cathode provided on the other surface of the solid electrolyte. The fuel cell stack 36 generates electricity by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen in the fuel gas supplied to the anode and oxygen in the air supplied to the cathode.
The raw fuel gas supply device 40 includes a raw fuel gas supply pipe 41, and the raw fuel gas supply pipe 41 connects a fuel gas supply source to the vaporizer 32. The raw fuel gas supply pipe 41 is provided with, in order from the fuel gas supply source side: the gas supply valve 42, the gas pump 43, a desulfurizer, not shown, the flow sensor 44, and the like are operated with the gas supply valve 42 opened, whereby the raw fuel gas is desulfurized in the desulfurizer and supplied to the gasifier 32.
The air supply device 45 has an air supply duct 46, and the air supply duct 46 connects a filter 47 that communicates with the outside air to the fuel cell stack 36. The air supply pipe 46 is provided with a blower 48, and the air sucked through the filter 47 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 36 by driving the blower 48. The air supply pipe 46 is provided with a flow sensor and the like, not shown.
The reforming water supply device 50 has a reforming water supply pipe 51, and the reforming water supply pipe 51 connects a reforming water tank 53 that stores reforming water to the vaporizer 32. The reforming water tank 53 is provided with a reforming water pump 52, and the reforming water in the reforming water tank 53 is sucked up by driving the reforming water pump 52 and supplied to the vaporizer 32 through a reforming water supply pipe 51. The reformed water supply pipe 51 is provided with a flow rate sensor and the like, not shown.
The exhaust heat recovery device 60 includes: a circulation pump 62, a circulation pipe 61 for circulating the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 70 by driving the circulation pump 62, and a heat exchanger 63 for exchanging heat between the hot water stored in the circulation pipe 61 and the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion unit 38. The steam component of the combustion exhaust gas from the combustion unit 38 is condensed by heat exchange, and the condensed water (condensed water) is collected by the reforming water tank 53 through the condensed water supply pipe 64. A water purifier (not shown) is provided in the condensed water supply pipe 64, and water purified (purified) by the water purifier is collected in the reforming water tank 53. The remaining exhaust gas (gas component) is discharged to the outside air through the exhaust gas discharge pipe 65.
The hot water storage tank 70 stores warm water (stored hot water) heated by the exhaust heat recovery of the exhaust heat recovery device 60. Water from a water supply source (a tap water pipe) flows into the hot water storage tank 70 through a water supply pipe 71. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 70 is discharged to the hot water supply unit 25 through the hot water discharge pipe 72. The hot water discharge pipe 72 is provided with a mixing valve 73 connected to a branch pipe of the water supply pipe 71, and the mixing valve 73 mixes the water flowing from the branch pipe with the water and discharges the hot water to the hot water supply unit 25 in accordance with the required temperature of the discharged hot water and the upper limit water temperature set for the discharged hot water. The water supply pipe 71 is provided with a water supply temperature sensor 74, and the water supply temperature sensor 74 detects a water supply temperature Ti of the water supplied to the hot water storage tank 70 through the water supply pipe 71. The hot water discharge pipe 72 is provided with a hot water discharge temperature sensor 75 for detecting a hot water discharge temperature To of the hot water discharged To the hot water supply unit 25 through the hot water discharge pipe 72, and a hot water discharge amount sensor 76 for detecting a flow rate of the hot water passing through the hot water discharge pipe 72.
Although not shown, the power conditioner 80 includes: a DC/DC converter that boosts the DC voltage output from the fuel cell stack 36 to a predetermined voltage, and an inverter that converts the boosted DC voltage to an ac voltage that can be connected to the commercial power system 2 convert the DC power generated by the fuel cell stack 36 to an ac power, and supply the power from the electric wire 4 connected to the commercial power system 2 to electric devices of a house or the like. Further, the electric wires connected to the fuel cell stack 36 are provided with: a current sensor 81 that detects a stack current Is output from the fuel cell stack 36, and a voltage sensor 82 that detects a stack voltage Vs. Further, the electric wires connected to the commercial power system 2 are provided with: a current sensor 83 that detects an output current Io output from the power regulator 80, and a voltage sensor 84 that detects an output voltage Vo.
The hot water supply unit 25 includes a gas burner 26 for burning fuel gas supplied from a fuel gas supply source, and the like. The hot water supply unit 25 heats the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 70 through the hot water discharge pipe 72 by the gas burner 26 to adjust the temperature to a desired temperature, and supplies the hot water to a hot water facility of a house or the like.
The control device 90 includes: a control unit 91 that controls the entire fuel cell system 10, a communication unit 92 that communicates with an operation panel 95 via a wireless or wired communication line, and a storage unit 93 that stores various processing programs and various information. The control unit 91 includes a timer T for measuring time. The control unit 91 receives via input ports: detection signals from various sensors such as a gas flow rate Qg from the flow sensor 44, a feed water temperature Ti from the feed water temperature sensor 74, a hot water discharge temperature To from the hot water discharge temperature sensor 75, a flow rate F of hot water from the hot water discharge amount sensor 76, a stack current Is from the current sensor 81, a stack voltage Vs from the voltage sensor 82, an output current Io from the current sensor 83, and an output voltage Vo from the voltage sensor 84. Further, drive signals to various auxiliary devices such as the gas supply valve 42, the gas pump 43, the blower 48, the reforming water pump 52, the circulation pump 62, the mixing valve 73, and the gas burner 26, control signals to the power regulator 80, and the like are output from the control unit 91 via the output port. Further, the operation panel 95 receives an operation signal from the operation panel 95 via the control unit 91 は and the communication unit 92, performs various controls based on the operation signal, transmits a display signal to the operation panel 95 via the communication unit 92, and displays various information based on the display signal. The operation panel 95 is provided in a house, and a user (resident of the house) performs various operations of the fuel cell system 10 and displays various information on the fuel cell system 10.
The control unit 91 of the control device 90 controls the raw fuel gas supply device 40, the air supply device 45, and the reforming water supply device 55 to generate power in accordance with the required power required for the fuel cell system 10. In addition, operation control is performed to stably operate at a rated output in accordance with the required power. Specifically, the control unit 91 first sets a current command Is, which Is an output current to be output by the fuel cell stack 36, by feedback control based on the deviation between the required power and the generated power of the fuel cell stack 36. Further, the DC output Wdc, which Is the product of the stack current Is detected by the current sensor 81 and the stack voltage Vs detected by the voltage sensor 82, can be calculated as the generated power of the fuel cell stack 36. Next, the target gas flow rate, the target air flow rate, and the target water amount are set based on the set current command Is. Next, the control device 90 controls the gas pump 43 by feedback control based on a deviation between the target gas flow rate and the gas flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 44, so as to supply the fuel gas from the raw fuel gas supply device 40 at the target gas flow rate (raw fuel gas supply control). The blower 48 is controlled by feedback control based on a deviation between the target air flow rate and the air flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor, so that air is supplied from the air supply device 45 at the target air flow rate (air supply control). Further, the reforming water pump 52 is controlled by feedback control based on a deviation between the target water amount and the reforming water amount measured by the flow sensor, so that the reforming water is supplied from the reforming water supply device 50 in the target water amount (reforming water supply control).
Here, the storage unit 93 of the control device 90 stores a determination map 93a for determining whether or not there is an advantage of energy saving by the power generation by the fuel cell system 10. The procedure of creating the determination map 93a will be described. Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure for creating the determination map, and fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the determination map 93 a. The determination map 93a is created by, for example, a designer of the fuel cell system 10, and is stored in the storage unit 93 at the time of factory shipment. Alternatively, the map created by the creation process of the control unit 91 may be stored in the storage unit 93 when the fuel cell system 10 is installed in a house or the like, when a test operation is performed after installation, when a normal operation is started, or the like.
In the procedure of creating the determination map of fig. 2, first, the generated power W (AC output) of the fuel cell system 10 (fuel cell 20) with respect to the stack current Is calculated from the characteristic (IV characteristic) of the stack current Is [ a ] and the stack voltage Vs [ V ] of the fuel cell stack 36 (S100). Here, first, the product (Is × Vs) of the stack current Is and the stack voltage Vs based on the IV characteristic Is calculated as the direct-current power (DC output Wdc) of the fuel cell stack 36 with respect to the stack current Is. Then, based on the DC output Wdc [ W ], the auxiliary equipment loss AL [ W ], and the power conditioner conversion efficiency kp [% ], the generated power W [ W ] as the AC output of the fuel cell system 10 is calculated by the following equation (1). In equation (1), the generated power W is calculated by multiplying a value obtained by subtracting the auxiliary equipment loss AL, which is the power consumed by the auxiliary equipment, from the DC output Wdc by the power conditioner conversion efficiency kp, which is the AC/DC conversion efficiency of the power conditioner 80. Therefore, the generated power W reflects an increase in the auxiliary equipment loss AL and a decrease in the power conditioner conversion efficiency kp associated with the deterioration. Further, the power consumption of the deteriorated auxiliary equipment is determined as the auxiliary equipment loss AL based on the characteristics of each auxiliary equipment, and the power regulator conversion efficiency kp is determined based on the characteristics of the power regulator 80.
W＝(Wdc-AL)×kp···(1)
Here, fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the voltage line and the power line. In fig. 4, as the voltage line of the stack voltage Vs (right vertical axis) of the stack current Is with respect to the horizontal axis, an initial voltage line (dotted line) at the initial stage of use (before deterioration) of the fuel cell system 10 and a terminal voltage line (alternate long and short dashed line) at the time of deterioration assumed based on the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell system 10 are shown. Further, as power lines of the generated power W (left vertical axis) with respect to the stack current Is, an initial power line (broken line) derived corresponding to the initial voltage line and an end power line (two-dot chain line) derived corresponding to the end voltage line are shown. In the fuel cell system 10, when the deterioration progresses, the operating point indicating the stack voltage Vs with respect to the stack current Is and the operating point indicating the generated power W with respect to the stack current Is do not lie on the initial voltage line and the initial power line but move to the final voltage line and the final power line. When the operating point is lower than the last-stage voltage line and the last-stage power line, the operation is preferably stopped from the viewpoint of deterioration of the fuel cell system 10, but the operation cannot be continued.
Next, the input energy Et of the fuel gas with respect to the stack current Is calculated (S110). Here, first, the fuel utilization rate Uf [% ] with respect to the stack current Is obtained]. The fuel utilization rate Uf, which Is determined by the characteristics of the fuel cell unit 20 and Is represented by, for example, a cubic function of the stack current Is, Is the ratio of the fuel gas for power generation among the fuel gases that are put (supplied) to the fuel cell stack 36 by the raw fuel gas supply device 40. Based on the fuel utilization rate Uf, the stack current Is, and the constant α, the gas flow rate Qg [ L/min ] of the fuel gas Is calculated by the following formula (2)]. Constant alpha [ L/min. A]The gas flow rate of hydrogen necessary for power generation of the stack current Is supplied to 1A Is determined by the components of the fuel gas and the characteristics of the fuel cell 20. Then, the heat generation amount Hg [ MJ/m ] based on the gas flow rate Qg and the fuel gas3]The input energy Et [ W ] of the fuel gas is calculated by the following equation (3)]. The value 60 is a conversion factor for converting the unit of time from minutes to seconds.
Qg＝Is×α/Uf···(2)
Et＝Qg×Hg/60···(3)
Next, the energy Eh for waste heat utilization is calculated based on the waste heat utilization amount Ho of the fuel cell system 10 (S120). The waste heat utilization amount Ho can be calculated by the following equation (4) as the amount of heat of the hot water recovered by the hot water storage tank 70 and discharged to the hot water supply unit 25 in the fuel cell system 10, for example. In the equation (4), the amount of waste heat used Ho is calculated by multiplying the tank capacity TC [ L ] of the hot water storage tank 70, the specific heat Cw [ kJ/(kg. degree. c ]) ] of water, the density ρ (kg/L) of water, and the number of hot water discharge times N [ times/day ] by the temperature difference (To-Ti) obtained by subtracting the hot water discharge temperature To [ degree. c ] of the hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank 70 from the feed water temperature Ti [ degree. c ] of the water supplied To the hot water storage tank 70. The number of hot water discharge times N is, for example, a value of 2[ times/day ], and the value 24 is a conversion coefficient converted to [ times/hour ]. Then, the energy Eh [ W ] for waste heat utilization is calculated from the waste heat utilization amount Ho by the following expression (5). The hot water supply efficiency kh [% ] is determined based on the waste heat loss of the hot water discharge pipe 72, and the like, and the numerical value 3600 is a conversion coefficient for converting the time unit from time to second. The energy Eh for waste heat utilization is energy used by the discharged hot water as input energy Et.
Ho＝(To-Ti)×Tc×Cw×ρ×N/24···(4)
Eh＝Ho/(kh×3600)···(5)
When the energy Eh for waste heat utilization is obtained, the power generation efficiency ks of the fuel cell unit 20, which yields the advantage of energy saving, is calculated by the following equation (6) from the energy contributing to power generation after the energy Eh for waste heat utilization is removed and the power generation efficiency kc in the power generation facility of the supplier of the commercial power system. On the left side of equation (6), the energy Eh for waste heat utilization is subtracted from the energy (corresponding to the input energy) obtained by dividing the generated power W by the power generation efficiency ks of the fuel cell 20, and becomes the amount of energy that contributes to power generation in the fuel cell system 10 when the generated power W is actually used for power generation. On the right side of equation (6), the generated power W is divided by the power generation efficiency kc of the power generation facility of the supplier. The power generation efficiency kc is a value determined by the supplier. The power generation efficiency ks with respect to the generated power W is obtained by a convergence calculation so that the generated power W is changed and equation (6) is satisfied. Thus, the use of the energy contributing to the power generation results in the minimum power generation efficiency ks, which is an advantage of energy saving that can be produced by the power generation by the fuel cell system 10 as compared with the power generation by the power generation equipment of the supplier of the commercial power system. Based on the generated power W and the generated efficiency ks obtained in this way, an approximate expression (ks ═ f (W)) (S140) indicating the relationship between the generated power W and the generated efficiency ks is set. Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the generated power W and the generated efficiency ks. For example, a plurality of plot points are taken for the power generation efficiency ks with respect to the generated power W, and an expression of an approximation line passing through each plot point is set as an approximate expression, for example, a quintic expression of the generated power W.
W/ks-Eh＝W/kc···(6)
Next, the lower limit power Wmin [ W ] that provides an energy saving advantage with respect to the stack current Is calculated by the following equation (7) (S150). Here, as the generated power W with respect to the stack current Is, the generated power ks Is obtained by using the generated power W calculated by the expression (1) of S100 and the approximate expression (ks ═ f (W)), and the lower limit power Wmin (ks × Et) Is calculated by multiplying the obtained generated power ks by the input energy Et calculated by the expression (3) of S110. In equations (1) and (3), the lower limit power Wmin for each of the plurality of stack currents Is can be calculated by calculating the value for the stack current Is as the generated power W and the input energy Et and then changing the stack current Is. In addition, as described above, the power generation efficiency ks is the minimum power generation efficiency for producing the advantage of energy saving. Therefore, the lower limit power Wmin obtained by multiplying the power generation efficiency ks by the input energy Et Is calculated as the minimum power generation power that yields the advantage of energy saving for each of the plurality of stack currents Is. In fig. 4, although the plots are not shown, a plurality of plots are taken for the relationship between the lower limit power Wmin and the stack current Is, and an approximate line passing through each plot Is shown as a lower limit power line. The lower limit power line Is determined such that the lower limit power Wmin decreases as the stack current Is decreases due to degradation. The lower limit power line intersects with the last limit power line, and the last limit power line Is lower than the lower limit power line in a small range where the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp which Is the stack current at the intersection, and the lower limit power line Is higher than the last limit power line in a large range where the stack current Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp. Further, the stack current Is has a tendency to become smaller as the deterioration of the fuel cell system 10 (the fuel cell stack 36) progresses, and therefore, a range smaller than the intersection current Isp may be referred to as a range in which the deterioration of the fuel cell system 10 progresses. In addition, when the stack current Is becomes significantly small like this, it may be difficult to obtain an appropriate output or the output becomes unstable. In addition, in the normal use of the fuel cell system 10 installed in a house, it takes a long period of time to reach the range smaller than the cross point current Isp, and the fuel cell stack 36 hardly operates in the range smaller than the cross point current Isp.
Wmin＝ks×Et···(7)
When the lower limit power Wmin (lower limit power line) corresponding to the stack current Is obtained in this way, the determination map 93a Is created based on the lower limit power Wmin. As shown in fig. 4, the determination map 93a Is created as a map having the stack current Is as an input value and the horizontal axis, and the generated power W as an output value and the vertical axis. In the determination map 93a of the present embodiment, the power generation amount (lower limit power Wmin) on the lower limit power line Is derived as the threshold value for determination in a large range where the stack current Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp, and the power generation amount on the last power line Is derived as the threshold value for determination in a small range where the stack current Is less than the intersection current Isp. In addition, the area indicated by diagonal lines in the drawing is an area where there is no advantage of energy saving. The determination map 93a created in this manner is stored in the storage unit 93.
Next, an abnormality determination process executed during operation of the fuel cell system 10 will be described. Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the abnormality determination processing. In the abnormality determination process, the control unit 91 of the control device 90 first acquires the stack current Is from the current sensor 81, the output current Io from the current sensor 83, and the output voltage Vo from the voltage sensor 84 (S200), and determines whether or not the acquired stack current Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp (S210). When it Is determined that the stack current Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp, the control unit 91 derives the generated power W corresponding to the current stack current Is as a threshold value from the lower limit power line of the determination map 93a (S220), and compares the threshold value with the current generated power W (S240). That Is, the generated power W derived from the lower limit power line of the determination map 93a using the current stack current Is acquired in S200 Is compared with the current generated power W calculated as the product of the current output current Io and the output voltage V acquired in S200.
On the other hand, when it Is determined in S210 that the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp, the control unit 91 derives the generated power W corresponding to the current stack current Is as a threshold value from the last-stage power line of the determination map 93a (S230), and compares the threshold value with the current generated power W (S240). That Is, the generated power W derived from the last-stage power line of the determination map 93a using the present stack current Is acquired in S200 Is compared with the present generated power W calculated as the product of the present output current Io and the output voltage Vo acquired in S200.
Next, control unit 91 determines whether or not current power generation W is smaller than a threshold value as a result of the comparison in S240 (S250). When it is determined that the current generated power W is smaller than the threshold value, it is determined whether or not time is being measured by the timer T provided in the control unit 91 (S260). If it is determined that the measurement is not being performed, the measurement of time by the timer T is started (S270), and if it is determined that the measurement is being performed, S270 is skipped. Then, it is determined whether or not the measurement time of the timer T is equal to or longer than a predetermined time Tref (S300). If it is determined that the measurement time is not equal to or longer than the predetermined time Tref, the process returns to S200. The predetermined time Tref can be set to a time of about several hundred minutes such as 500 minutes or 600 minutes. In order to determine an abnormality early, the predetermined time Tref may be set to a time on the order of tens of minutes or hundreds of minutes.
When it is determined in S250 that the threshold value is smaller than the current generated power W, that is, the current generated power W is larger than the threshold value, the control unit 91 determines whether or not the time is being measured by the timer T (S280). If it is determined that the measurement is not being performed, the process returns to S200, and if it is determined that the measurement is being performed, the measurement of the time by the timer T is ended (S290), and the process returns to S200. In S290, the timer T that has ended counting is reset. In order to prevent the fluctuation in the measurement start and measurement end in which the time by the timer T is frequently switched, the measurement of the time by the timer T may be ended using a threshold value obtained by adding a slight margin to the generated power of the lower limit power line and the last limit power line of the determination map 93a in the measurement of the time by the timer T.
When the measurement of the time by the timer T is not completed and the state in which the generated power W is smaller than the threshold value continues for the entire predetermined time Tref, the control unit 91 determines in S300 that the measurement time by the timer T is equal to or longer than the predetermined time Tref. In this case, the control unit 91 determines that there is no merit (reduced merit) in the power generation by the fuel cell system 10 as compared with the case where the power generation is performed by the power generation equipment of the supplier, notifies the user by displaying a warning prompting the stop of the operation of the fuel cell stack 36 on the operation panel 95 (S310), and then ends the abnormality determination process. That is, since it is advantageous for the user to purchase the electric power generated by the power generation equipment of the supplier as compared with the electric power generated by the fuel cell system 10, the operation of the fuel cell stack 36 is prompted to be stopped.
The fuel cell system 10 described above uses a threshold value determined as a branch point of whether or not there is an advantage of energy saving in power generation by the fuel cell system 10 as compared with power generation by a power generation facility of a supplier, and determines whether there is an advantage in the operation of the fuel cell stack 36. In addition, when it is determined that there is no advantage, a warning for stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack 36 is notified. Thus, the presence or absence of energy saving can be determined without operating in the diagnostic-only operation mode. As the threshold value, the determination map creation procedure uses a lower limit power Wmin determined based on the relationship between the generated power W and the generated efficiency ks, which is an advantage of energy saving, based on the energy contributing to power generation from the input energy excluding the energy Eh for waste heat utilization and the generated efficiency kc of the supplier. Therefore, the energy Eh for waste heat utilization can be reflected, and the advantage of energy saving can be determined more appropriately.
Further, a determination map 93a in which a threshold value (lower limit power Wmin) for the stack current Is determined Is stored in the storage unit 93, and the threshold value corresponding to the stack current Is during operation Is derived from the determination map 93a and determined. Therefore, the threshold value can be derived and determined quickly, and thus an increase in processing load can be suppressed.
In the determination map 93a, the last-stage power line (degradation assumed line) indicating the correspondence relationship between the generated power W and the stack current Is assumed to be degraded Is determined to be in a range lower than the lower-limit power line (merit boundary) indicating the correspondence relationship between the stack current Is and the lower-limit power Wmin, and the intersection current Isp of the two lines Is determined. When the stack current Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp, the lower limit power Wmin Is determined as a threshold, and when the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp, the generated power W derived from the last-stage power line Is determined as a threshold. Therefore, in the range where the lower limit power line is lower than the last stage power line, even if the generated power W is lower than the last stage power line, the fuel cell stack 36 can be operated if it is determined that the generated power W is higher than the threshold value based on the lower limit power line, which is advantageous in saving energy. That is, by performing the determination using the lower limit power line in consideration of the energy used for the waste heat utilization instead of the last-stage power line, the advantage of saving energy including the energy used for the waste heat utilization can be provided to the user even if the degradation of the fuel cell system 10 progresses. On the other hand, even in a range where the last-stage power line is lower than the lower-limit power line, by performing the determination using the threshold value based on the last-stage power line, the operation of the fuel cell stack 36 can be stopped in a state where the unprofitable degradation has progressed.
Further, since the warning (the predetermined process) for prompting the stop of the operation is performed when the state where the generated power W is smaller than the threshold value continues for the predetermined time Tref or more, it is possible to appropriately determine the state where there is no advantage of energy saving, in addition to the state where the load of the electrical equipment of the house is changed and the generated power W is changed and temporarily falls below the threshold value.
In the above-described embodiment, the threshold is derived from the last-stage power line when the determination map 93a is smaller than the intersection current Isp, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, when the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp, the determination of whether or not there Is a merit may be omitted. In this case, the process of S230 in fig. 6 may be omitted, and if it Is determined in S210 that the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp, the process may return to S200 or the like. If it Is determined in S210 that the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp, the deterioration Is serious, and the process may proceed to S260. Alternatively, the presence or absence of the merit may be determined by always deriving the threshold from the lower limit power line of the determination map 93a, regardless of whether or not the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp.
In the embodiment, when the state where the generated power W is less than the threshold value continues for the entire predetermined time Tref, a warning for prompting the stop of the operation is notified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a predetermined process for stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack 36, such as forcibly stopping the operation of the fuel cell stack 36, may be performed. When it is determined that the generated power W is smaller than the threshold value, a predetermined process such as immediately notifying a warning may be performed. In this case, the operation may be forcibly stopped when the state where the generated power W is smaller than the threshold value continues for the entire predetermined time Tref.
In the embodiment, the threshold value is derived using the determination map 93a, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the threshold value may be derived by calculating the threshold value without using the determination map based on a value (input value) acquired during operation of the fuel cell stack 36. In this case, the determination map 93a may not be stored in the storage unit 93.
In the embodiment, the determination map 93a has the stack current Is as the horizontal axis and the generated power W as the vertical axis, but the present invention Is not limited thereto, and may have the input energy Et as the horizontal axis and the stack voltage Vs as the vertical axis. Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a determination map 193a of a modification. In the determination map 193a of the modification, the horizontal axis represents the stack current Is as an input value, and the vertical axis represents the stack voltage Vs as a determination value. The determination map 193a is created by changing a part of the procedure for creating the determination map shown in fig. 2. For example, the lower limit power Wmin calculated in S150 is converted into a lower limit voltage Vsmin which is a lower limit voltage of the stack voltage Vs based on the following expression (8). In equation (8), the lower limit voltage Vsmin Is calculated by dividing the lower limit power Wmin by the power regulator conversion efficiency kp and adding the auxiliary equipment loss AL by the stack current Is. Therefore, the lower limit voltage Vsmin reflects an increase in the auxiliary equipment loss AL, a decrease in the power conditioner conversion efficiency kp, and the like.
Vsmin＝(Wmin/kp+AL)/Is···(8)
Since the lower limit power Wmin Is calculated to correspond to the plurality of stack currents Is as described above, the lower limit voltage Vsmin can also be calculated to correspond to the plurality of stack currents Is. In fig. 7, although the plot points are not shown, a plurality of plot points are taken for the relationship of the lower limit voltage Vsmin with respect to the stack current Is, and the lower limit voltage line Is represented as an approximate line passing through each plot point. The lower limit voltage line crosses the last-stage voltage line, and Is lower than the lower limit voltage line in the last stage in a small range where the stack current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp ', and higher than the last-stage voltage line in a large range where the stack current Is equal to or larger than the intersection current Isp'. Therefore, similarly to the embodiment, when the stack current Is smaller than the cross point current Isp ', the stack voltage Vs derived from the last voltage line Is set as a threshold, and when the stack current Is larger than the cross point current Isp', the stack voltage Vs (lower limit voltage Vsmin) derived from the lower limit voltage line Is set as a threshold. Therefore, the hatched portion is a region determined to have no merit.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing an abnormality determination process according to a modification. In the modification, the same steps as those in the embodiment are assigned with the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the abnormality determination process, the control unit 91 first acquires the stack current Is from the current sensor 81 and the stack voltage Vs from the voltage sensor 82 (S200b), and determines whether or not the stack current Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp' (S210 b). When it Is determined that the intersection current Isp 'Is equal to or greater than the intersection current Isp', the stack voltage Vs corresponding to the current stack current Is derived as a threshold value from the lower limit voltage line of the determination map 193a (S220b), and the threshold value Is compared with the current stack voltage Vs (S240 b). On the other hand, when it Is determined in S210b that the current Is smaller than the intersection current Isp', the control unit 91 derives the stack voltage Vs corresponding to the current stack current Is as a threshold value from the last voltage line of the determination map 193a (S230b), and compares the threshold value with the current stack voltage Vs (S240 b). Then, when the control unit 91 determines in S250b that the current stack voltage Vs is less than the threshold value, the routine proceeds to S260, and when it determines that the current stack voltage Vs is not less than the threshold value, the routine proceeds to S280. Therefore, even in the modification in which the stack voltage Vs is set as the threshold value, the presence or absence of the merit can be appropriately determined as in the embodiment.
In the embodiment, the presence or absence of the merit Is determined by comparing the threshold value with the determination value, using the generated power W (mainly the lower limit power Wmin) as the threshold value and the generated power W with respect to the stack current Is as the determination value. In the modification, the presence or absence of a merit Is determined by comparing the threshold value with the determination value, using the stack voltage Vs (mainly the lower limit voltage Vsmin) as the threshold value and the stack voltage Vs with respect to the stack current Is as the determination value. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the presence or absence of the merit may be determined by comparing a determination value related to the power generation of the fuel cell stack 36 during operation with a threshold value. For example, the power generation efficiency at the branch point where there is a merit of energy saving may be set as a threshold value and compared with the power generation efficiency derived during operation to determine the presence or absence of a merit. The determination value (output value) and the threshold value with respect to the input energy Et (input value) may be not limited to the determination value (output value) and the threshold value with respect to the stack current Is (input value). These currents, voltages, generated powers, energies, and the like may be appropriately selected because they can be mutually converted.
In the embodiment, the amount of waste heat used Ho is calculated by the equation (4) as the amount of heat of the hot water recovered by the hot water storage tank 70 and discharged to the hot water supply unit 25 in the fuel cell system 10, for example, but is not limited thereto. For example, during operation, the feed water temperature Ti from the feed water temperature sensor 74, the hot water discharge temperature To from the hot water discharge temperature sensor 75, and the flow rate F of hot water from the hot water discharge amount sensor 76 are acquired, and the waste heat utilization amount Ho is calculated by the following equation (9) based on the temperature difference between the hot water discharge temperature To and the feed water temperature Ti and the flow rate F of hot water. By calculating the exhaust heat utilization amount Ho based on the actual measurement value during operation in this manner, the energy Eh for exhaust heat utilization corresponding to the exhaust heat utilization condition can be derived. Therefore, the threshold value reflects the actual exhaust heat utilization state, and thus the decrease in the merit of energy saving can be determined more appropriately. Instead of the hot water discharge amount sensor 76, a flow rate detected by a flow rate sensor provided in the hot water supply unit 25 may be acquired and used. In addition to the amount of waste heat utilization Ho, the gas flow rate Qg may be calculated using the value detected by the flow rate sensor 44 and the input energy Et calculated from the gas flow rate Qg.
Ho＝(To-Ti)×F×Cw×ρ···(9)
In the embodiment, the presence or absence of energy saving is determined using the generated power W as a threshold, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the cost may be derived by multiplying the electricity consumption by the unit price of the electricity fee, or the gas supply (input) flow rate by the unit price of the gas fee, and the presence or absence of the energy saving advantage may be determined based on the cost. That is, the cost of the branch point with or without merit is used as a threshold value, and is compared with the current cost derived during operation, thereby determining whether there is an economic merit by energy saving. The unit price of the electricity fee and the unit price of the gas fee may be values stored in the storage unit 93, values input by the user from the operation panel 95, or values obtained from a power supply company or a gas supply company via the control device 90 via a network or the like connected through the communication unit 92.
The correspondence relationship between the main elements of the embodiments and the main elements of the invention described in the means for solving the problems will be described. In the embodiment, the fuel cell stack 36 corresponds to a "fuel cell", the power conditioner 80 corresponds to a "power conversion device", the exhaust heat recovery device 60 and the hot water storage tank 70 (including the water supply pipe 71, the hot water discharge pipe 72, and the mixing valve 73) correspond to an "exhaust heat output device", and the control unit 91 of the control device 90 corresponds to a "control unit". The storage unit 93 corresponds to a "storage unit". The hot water storage tank 70 corresponds to a "hot water storage tank", the supply water temperature sensor 74 corresponds to a "supply water temperature sensor", the hot water discharge temperature sensor 75 corresponds to a "hot water discharge temperature sensor", and the hot water discharge amount sensor 76 corresponds to a "hot water discharge amount sensor".
The correspondence relationship between the main elements of the embodiment and the main elements of the invention described in the means for solving the problem section is an example for specifically explaining the mode of the embodiment for carrying out the invention described in the means for solving the problem section, and therefore, the invention is not limited to the elements of the invention described in the means for solving the problem section. That is, the invention described in the means for solving the problem should be explained based on the description in this column, and the embodiment is only a specific example of the invention described in the means for solving the problem.
While the embodiments for carrying out the present invention have been described above using the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and can be carried out in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Industrial applicability of the invention
The present invention can be used in the manufacturing industry of fuel cell systems and the like.
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