CN112956488B - 一种海盐消毒剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种海盐消毒剂的制备方法，以海水、卤水或老卤为原料，将海水、卤水或老卤净化，采用纳滤膜将溶液中氯化钠分离后排放，保留纳滤膜截留液，加入少量含氯消毒剂溶液，混合均匀后灌装为消毒剂，纳滤膜透过液排放。本发明所述的海盐消毒剂的制备方法，提供了一种用于日常生活，公共场所，养殖场所环境，饲养牲畜、家禽、宠物体表，植物叶面的杀菌等的海盐消毒剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海盐消毒剂的技术领域，尤其是涉及一种海盐消毒剂的制备 方法。
背景技术
疫情当前，目前市场常用消毒剂主要为84消毒液和乙醇，84消毒液虽 然为高效广谱消毒剂，但它对人体的呼吸道和皮肤会产生很大的伤害，众人 已经皆知；乙醇为中效消毒剂，杀菌能力不如84消毒液，而且乙醇的易燃 易爆及对皮肤的刺激，无法广泛应用，且这两种消毒剂都不能随身携带和对 人体直接消毒。生产可以直接用于人体消毒并可随时携带且物美价廉的消毒 剂，将为社会带来巨大福音。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种海盐消毒剂的制备方法，提供一种用于 日常生活、公共场所、养殖场所、饲养牲畜、家禽、宠物饮用水中，植物叶 面的杀菌等的海盐消毒剂。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种海盐消毒剂的制备方法，以海水、卤水或老卤为原料，将海水、卤 水或老卤净化，采用纳滤膜将溶液中氯化钠分离后排放，保留纳滤膜截留液， 加入含氯消毒剂，混合均匀后灌装为消毒剂，纳滤膜透过液排放。
进一步的，净化包括絮凝、沉淀和活性炭过滤，经絮凝、沉淀和活性炭 过滤后，原料水中NTU<1，重金属含量符合GB 14930.2-2012的要求，Pb ≦30mg/Kg。
进一步的，控制截留液电导率为100-300ms/μs。
进一步的，含氯消毒剂的有效氯为5％-25％，加入量为每1L截留液中 加入0.5-2g含氯消毒剂。
进一步的，含氯消毒剂为次氯酸钠、次氯酸、氯氨T。
本消毒剂灌装成不同规格的产品，用于日常生活，公共场所，养殖场所 环境，饲养牲畜、家禽、宠物体表，植物叶面，喷洒后可有效杀死各类细菌。
本消毒剂的制备原理为：
根据盐平衡原理，当消毒剂遇到细菌后，盐会快速渗透细菌细胞壁进入 细胞膜内部，而细胞膜内部的水分在盐平衡的作用下会快速透过细胞壁渗 出，从而导致细菌细胞失水而快速死亡。同时添加的少量含氯消毒剂会和海 水浓缩液中的氯化镁反应，生成少量碱式次氯酸镁，反应方程式如下：
4NaClO+6MgCl2·6H2O→3[Mg2(ClO)n(OH)4-n·xH2O]+(m+4)NaCl
碱式次氯酸镁(BasieMagnesiumHypoehlorite简称BMH)为白色粉末，不吸 湿，在空气中相当稳定，甚至在中性及碱性溶液中加热也不分解，遇二氧化 碳(或无机酸类)则分解生成新生态氧。无机抗菌剂碱式次氯酸镁具有极好的 消毒、杀菌、漂白能力。
相对于现有技术，本发明所述的海盐消毒剂的制备方法具有以下优势：
本发明所述的海盐消毒剂的制备方法，
(1)天然海水为原料，富含海水中的多种矿物质和微量元素，对人的 皮肤不但没有伤害，还有很好的护肤和营养功效，原料绿色环保，生产过程 绿色环保，产品绿色环保，无三废产生；
(2)为高效、快速、广谱消毒剂，5分钟内可有效杀灭各种微生物，与 市面上高效含氯消毒剂有同等杀菌效果，且稳定性大大优于市面上高效含氯 消毒剂；
(3)无次氯酸钠的氧化性、强烈的刺激气味、及受热见光快速分解、 暴露在空气中易挥发产生有毒的腐蚀性氯气对人体上呼吸道黏膜有较大的 伤害，喷至物体上对棉布和纸张有漂白作用，对金属有腐蚀性等缺点；
(4)无乙醇易燃易爆，刺激皮肤，引起皮肤干裂等缺点；
(5)依靠富含多种盐的复合杀菌功能和盐能够使细胞脱水的功能，杀 灭各种微生物，对人体无任何伤害，安全可靠，无毒、无副作用；
(6)本消毒剂生产工艺简单，可以生产50ml随身携带，即时喷至面部、 手部及其它部位皮肤的表面，起到极好的杀菌防护作用，也可以生产居家使 用的喷雾安全消毒剂，用于家庭环境、餐具等的消毒和公共场所使用消毒剂；
(7)可以生产水产养殖用的安全消毒剂，直接加入养殖用水中，不但 杀菌还能补充矿物质微量元素；
(8)生产为家禽牲畜饲养过程中环境消毒剂，也可以作为微量元素饲 料配制到家禽牲畜饮用水中，为其提供微量元素营养物质。
附图说明
图1是本发明的生产工艺流程图。
图2是本发明的杀菌效果显微镜对比图，单个鳗弧菌杀菌前后形态对比 图。由图2可以看出使用消毒剂前鳗弧菌形态完整，成线条状，鞭毛清晰完 整，使用消毒剂后，细菌形态破碎，说明细菌已经死亡。
图3是嗜水汽单胞菌群杀菌前后菌种形态对比图。由图3可以看出使用 消毒剂前嗜水汽单胞菌呈高密度团状聚集，使用消毒剂后，细胞破碎为粉状， 说明细菌全部死亡。
具体实施方式
除有定义外，以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技 术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂，如无特殊说明， 均为常规生化试剂；所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例及附图来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
50ml瓶装喷雾杀菌剂的制备及使用方法
以海水为原料，先进絮凝沉降池进行絮凝、沉淀，然后经活性炭过滤， 去除原料海水中絮凝物和重金属，净化后海水NTU为0.5，重金属Pb的含量 为10mg/Kg，符合GB14930.2-2012(食品安全国家标准—消毒剂)的要求； 净化后的溶液经纳滤膜分离，分离后的浓缩液加入水进行稀释后，再次进行 纳滤，保留纳滤膜最后一次过滤的浓缩液，控制截留液电导率为200ms/μs， 此时在纳滤膜截留液中加入次氯酸钠溶液(有效氯为10％)，每1L截留液中 加入1.5g次氯酸钠溶液，经搅拌混合均匀后，灌装成50ml瓶装喷雾杀菌剂。
50ml瓶装喷雾为居家个人使用和旅行随身携带(乘飞机限量50ml)消 毒品，为大家出门必备的方便、安全、营养、护肤消毒品。将50-100ml瓶 装喷雾消毒剂，对准人体面部及裸露皮肤进行喷洒，也可以直接喷洒至口罩 表面，可以在2-5s内快速杀死细菌。
人手细菌杀菌实验：
实验过程：
将装有营养琼脂培养基的培养皿打开盖子后，将手指在培养皿上滑动使 手指上的细菌附着在培养皿内，合上盖子，放置37℃培养箱培养。取一块上 述培养好细菌的培养基，用革兰氏染色剂染色后，细菌形态清晰可见。再取 同样大小的一块培养基，将其喷上消毒剂，放置5-10min后，用革兰氏染色 剂染色。观察杀菌前后细菌形态变化。
由图2可以看出，手上细菌大多成球形及杆形在光学显微镜下观察为分 散状，被革兰氏染色剂染色后成蓝紫色，说明其为革兰氏阳性菌。经杀菌后 可以看出，细菌形态变得模糊，细菌破碎死亡。
测试对皮肤的刺激性的小白鼠实验：
(1)实验对象及分组：6只小白鼠随机分成2组，第一组2只，第二组 4只。
(2)实验步骤：a.试验前24小时，动物背部左侧脊柱去毛2cm*2cm， 第二天观察皮肤无异样后开始进行实验。b.第一组为空白对照试验，把第二 组的4只小白鼠分别在去毛皮肤上喷洒1ml本实施例生产的喷雾消毒剂。c. 根据卫生部《化妆品卫生规范》中，皮肤刺激反应评分方法，根据每只动物 皮肤测试区喷洒消毒剂后是否形成红斑、水肿及其程度判断。d.喷洒第一天 到第五天4只试验小白鼠均未出现红斑和水肿。
(3)试验结果：从上述试验可知，本产品对皮肤无任何刺激性，可以 直接喷洒到人体皮肤上。
实施例2
500ml瓶装喷雾杀菌剂的制备及使用方法
以卤水为原料，把原料卤水进行絮凝、沉淀和活性炭过滤，去除原料水 中絮凝物和重金属，净化后液体NTU为0.8，重金属含量符合GB 14930.2-2012 (食品安全国家标准—消毒剂)的要求；净化后的溶液再经纳滤膜分离，分 离后的浓缩液加入水进行稀释后，再次进行纳滤，保留纳滤膜最后一次过滤 的浓缩液，控制截留液电导率为260ms/μs，此时在纳滤膜截留液中加入氯 氨T(有效氯为20％)，每1L截留液中加入1g氯氨T，经搅拌后混合均匀，灌 装成500ml/瓶消毒剂产品。
利用本实施例2生产的喷雾消毒剂，喷至水果、蔬菜、餐具及物品表面， 停留5-10min，再做清洗，即可实现对上述物品的消毒。
手机表面细菌杀菌实验：
实验过程：
将装有营养琼脂培养基的培养皿打开盖子后，将手机放在培养皿上滑动 使手机上的细菌附着在培养皿内，合上盖子，放置37℃培养箱培养。取上述 培养好细菌的培养基，用革兰氏染色剂染色后，细菌形态清晰可见。再取同 样大小的一块培养基，将其喷上消毒剂，放置5-10min后，用革兰氏染色剂 染色。观察杀菌前后细菌形态变化图3所示。
由图3可以看出，手机上细菌大多成杆形及螺形在光学显微镜下观察为 聚集状，被革兰氏染色剂染色后成蓝紫色，说明其为革兰氏阳性菌。经杀菌 后可以看出，细菌分散，细菌形态由原来的杆形及螺形变为点状，形态变化 明显，杀菌完全。
杀菌效果的稳定性实验：
实验过程：
1、取0.1g含有效率20％的氯氨T加入到100ml纯水中配置成氯氨T水 溶液消毒剂；
2、用氯氨T水溶液消毒剂和本实施例2生产的喷雾消毒剂分别对白色 念珠菌进行杀菌试验；
3、试验方法按《消毒技术规范》(卫生部2002年版)中规定的“悬 液定量杀菌试验操作程序”及GB/T 38499-2020《消毒剂稳定性评价方法》 稳定性试验进行。
试验结论：
1、新配置的氯氨T水溶液和本实施例2生产的喷雾消毒剂具有同等杀 菌作用，杀灭对数值均可达到4；
2、经过15天54℃温度下的保存后的稳定性试验结果显示：氯氨T水溶 液基本失去杀菌作用，而本实施例2生产的喷雾消毒剂杀灭对数值仍然可以 达到4，说明本本实施例2生产的喷雾消毒剂稳定性较好，保质期至少1年。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本 发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在 本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种海盐消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于：以海水、卤水为原料，将海水、卤水净化，采用纳滤膜将溶液中氯化钠分离后排放，保留纳滤膜截留液，加入含氯消毒剂，混合均匀后灌装为消毒剂；
净化包括絮凝、沉淀和活性炭过滤，经絮凝、沉淀和活性炭过滤后，原料水中NTU<1，重金属含量符合GB 14930.2-2012的要求；
含氯消毒剂的有效氯为5％-25％，加入量为每1L截留液中加入0.5-2g含氯消毒剂；
含氯消毒剂为次氯酸钠、次氯酸、氯胺T。
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