CN112946812B - Preparation method of dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating - Google Patents
Preparation method of dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN112946812B CN112946812B CN202110164191.5A CN202110164191A CN112946812B CN 112946812 B CN112946812 B CN 112946812B CN 202110164191 A CN202110164191 A CN 202110164191A CN 112946812 B CN112946812 B CN 112946812B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B6/02133—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference
- G02B6/02138—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference based on illuminating a phase mask
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B2006/02166—Methods of designing the gratings, i.e. calculating the structure, e.g. algorithms, numerical methods
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Abstract
A method for preparing a dispersion controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating comprises the following steps: hydrogen-carrying sensitization treatment optical fiber refrigerating chamber preservation; fitting a corresponding loss gain spectrum curve in a communication bandwidth based on a data fitting principle according to transmission loss or gain spectrums in different optical fiber communication systems; calculating the reflectivity and the effective refractive index corresponding to each wavelength according to the loss gain spectrum curve, thereby finally and accurately obtaining the dispersion value at each wavelength; guiding the power intensity, wavelength, loss value and dispersion value of reflected light into fiber grating writing light source control driving software to generate an exposure writing curve function; preparing a chirped fiber grating by using an ultraviolet mask engraving grating system; the fiber grating can carry out filtering or dispersion compensation on a large-bandwidth optical signal according to the 5G communication requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectron, in particular to a preparation method of a large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating with controllable dispersion.
Background
With the advent of global informatization and 5G communications, optical fiber communication systems continue to evolve toward high speed, long distance, and ultra-large capacity. High speed and ultra-large capacity require that the bandwidth in optical fiber communication is also wider and wider, and although the practical implementation of low-loss optical fibers and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers solves the problem of energy loss in optical fiber communication, the increase of the bandwidth leads to the increase of chromatic dispersion, thereby limiting the transmission distance and requiring the use of chromatic dispersion compensation technology.
The chirped fiber grating has a dispersion compensation function, is usually used for compensating dispersion in optical fiber transmission in optical communication, obtains a good effect, and becomes one of important passive devices in optical fiber transmission. The bandwidth range of the compensation of the chirp fiber grating is generally 2-4nm at present, and the compensation of a single channel is carried out in the fiber communication.
Chirped fiber gratings are fiber gratings with a special structure whose grating period or effective refractive index is not uniform, resulting in different reflection wavelengths at different grating points along the length of the grating, which can be used to achieve dispersion compensation. Chirped fiber gratings are generally obtained by two approaches, one of which is to change the effective refractive index of the grating and the other of which is to change the grating period.
In an optical communication system, the number of channels is more and more, and the channel interval is narrower and narrower, so that the crosstalk between the channels is larger, and the error rate is high. Because chirped fiber gratings have the advantages of low insertion loss, small flatness error, small size, easy temperature compensation packaging, and the like, researchers have paid great attention to chirped fiber grating-based gain flattening filters and compensators, but such filters and compensators have different compensation and flatness requirements in different optical fiber transmission systems. Therefore, the chirped fiber grating is required to perform different filtering and compensation for the loss at different wavelengths, that is, the dispersion within the bandwidth range is controllable, so as to implement one-time filtering and compensation for multiple channels of the fiber within a larger bandwidth; this is also a key technology link for increasing the optical communication rate and capacity in 5G communication.
1. Dispersion compensating fibers are used for dispersion compensation. The method for compensating loss by adopting the dispersion compensation optical fiber is feasible, but the dispersion compensation optical fiber has the defects of large loss, high optical pulse delay, nonlinear effect and the like, so that the dispersion slope cannot be compensated by 100 percent, and the efficiency of the communication optical fiber can be improved only by adopting a method of cascading various types of dispersion optical fibers and even by establishing a self-adaptive module.
2. Common chirped fiber grating dispersion compensation. In the aspect of applying CFBG to dispersion compensation, because chirped fiber grating generates different dispersion amounts for each channel in a high-speed wavelength division multiplexing system, the compensation amount for each channel is different, and the spontaneous emission noise of the amplifier in an unused wavelength range between reflection peaks cannot be filtered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating, which aims at the problems that during the dispersion compensation of the whole wave band of the chirped fiber grating in the prior art, the loss compensation is single, the bandwidth range is narrow, and the requirements of large-bandwidth filtering, dispersion loss compensation and the like in a 5G optical communication system cannot be met.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: a method for preparing a dispersion controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating comprises the following steps:
step A, carrying out hydrogen sensitization treatment on the optical fiber, and storing the treated optical fiber in a low-temperature freezing chamber at the temperature of-5 to-40 ℃;
b, acquiring the relative quantity of loss or gain at each wavelength in the communication bandwidth range according to transmission loss or gain spectrums in different optical fiber communication systems, and then fitting a corresponding loss gain spectrum curve in the communication bandwidth based on a data fitting principle according to target spectrum function parameters extracted from the transmission loss or gain spectrums;
c, calculating the reflectivity R corresponding to each wavelength according to the loss gain spectrum curve, and further calculating the effective refractive index n of the grid of the chirped fiber grating eff So as to finally and accurately obtain the dispersion value D at each wavelength;
step D, guiding the power intensity, wavelength, loss value and dispersion value of the reflected light into fiber grating writing light source control driving software to generate an exposure writing curve function;
e, utilizing an ultraviolet mask to etch a grating writing system, placing the optical fiber obtained in the step A in the front area of a phase mask of the ultraviolet mask etching grating writing system, introducing the fitted exposure etching curve function into light source control driving software, decomposing the exposure etching curve function into sub-functions of exposure frequency, exposure power density, light spot size and light spot moving speed, and controlling a driving controller through each sub-function to start to prepare the chirped fiber grating;
and G, placing the chirped fiber grating etched in the step E into a drying blast box for annealing at 120-150 ℃, and finishing after 10-12h to obtain the chirped fiber grating with controllable dispersion and large bandwidth.
The specific process of hydrogen-carrying sensitization treatment of the optical fiber comprises the steps of placing the optical fiber into a hydrogen-carrying reaction device, carrying out hydrogen-carrying treatment under the conditions of high pressure of 10-15 Mpa and high temperature of 80-95 ℃, discharging high-pressure high-temperature hydrogen in the hydrogen-carrying reaction device, and taking out the optical fiber in the hydrogen-carrying reaction device to have photosensitivity.
The dispersion value D is calculated by
D＝2n eff /cδλ
Wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum, and δ λ is the root mean square spectral width of the wavelength within the bandwidth range of the fiber grating; n is 0 Is the original refractive index of the optical fiber; Δ n (z) is the axial index modulation depth, modulation range 10 －5 －10 －3 V is the edge visibility of the fiber grating, [ phi ] (z) = Cz 2 /L 2 The method is characterized in that the method is an axial chirp distribution function of the fiber grating, wherein L is the grating region length of the fiber grating, C is the chirp coefficient of the chirped grating, z is a position function of the axial propagation direction of the fiber, and Λ is the grating period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is oriented to the current communication requirements of large bandwidth and high speed, the chirp fiber grating with controllable dispersion shows that the wavelength, the spectrum intensity and the dispersion can be randomly regulated and controlled, the flatness can be regulated under the condition of large bandwidth, an exposure writing curve function is decomposed into sub-functions for writing control, and the method has the functions of quick response, accurate dispersion compensation and the like, thereby obtaining fine channel isolation to realize wavelength division multiplexing of more channels and performing dispersion filtering in a targeted manner.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a chirped fiber grating structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for writing a grating on an ultraviolet mask according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preparation of the fiber grating according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a spectrum of gain of optical signal in the fiber optic communication system of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of sampling point-speed curves for fitting and programming a laser exposure function according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a reflection spectrum of the chirped fiber grating according to the writing method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the optical fiber detection device comprises a single-mode optical fiber core, 2 a single-mode optical fiber cladding, 3 a single-mode optical fiber coating layer, 4 a chirped grating grid period, 5 a chirped grating area length, 6 a chirped grating propagation direction, 7 a phase mask plate, 8 an ultraviolet laser, 9 a three-terminal circulator, 10 an optical fiber spectrometer, 11 a chirped optical fiber grating, 12 a diaphragm, 13 a cylindrical mirror, 14 an optical fiber fixing clamp, 15 an ASE broadband light source, 16 a laser beam, 17 a single-mode optical fiber.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, a method for preparing a dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating includes the following steps:
step A, hydrogen-carrying sensitization treatment of the optical fiber: putting the optical fiber into a hydrogen-carrying reaction device, carrying out hydrogen-carrying treatment under the conditions of high pressure of 10Mpa-15Mpa and high temperature of 80-95 ℃, finishing the hydrogen-carrying treatment of the optical fiber after 120-200h, discharging high-pressure high-temperature hydrogen in the hydrogen-carrying reaction device, taking out the optical fiber in the hydrogen-carrying reaction device to have photosensitivity, and then putting the optical fiber into a low-temperature freezing chamber at the temperature of-5-40 ℃ for storage for later use.
And B, acquiring the relative quantity of loss or gain at each wavelength in the whole communication bandwidth range according to the transmission loss or gain spectrum in different optical fiber communication systems. Then from the data extracted from the transmission loss or gain spectrum: parameters (namely target spectrum function parameters) such as wavelength, reflected light power intensity, flatness and insertion loss degree are fitted with corresponding loss gain spectrum curves in the communication bandwidth based on a data fitting principle.
C, calculating the reflectivity R corresponding to each wavelength according to the loss gain spectrum curve, and further calculating the effective refractive index n of the grid of the chirped fiber grating eff . Thereby finally obtaining the dispersion value D at each wavelength accurately, wherein:
D＝2n eff /cδλ
wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum, and δ λ is the root mean square spectral width of the wavelength within the bandwidth range of the fiber grating; n is 0 Is the original refractive index of the optical fiber; Δ n (z) axial index modulation depth, modulation range 10 －5 －10 －3 V is the edge visibility of the fiber grating, [ phi ] (z) = Cz 2 /L 2 As a function of the axial chirp profile of the fiber grating. The length of the grating region of the L fiber grating, the chirp coefficient of the C chirped grating, the position function of the axial propagation direction of the z fiber, and the lambda is the grating period.
And D, introducing the fiber grating loss gain curve data (reflected light power intensity, wavelength, loss value and dispersion value) into fiber grating writing light source control driving software to generate an exposure writing curve function, wherein the curve function can control the light source intensity, a photoelectric switch of a light source, the scanning stroke and speed of the light source, and the final exposure writing process is formed by optimizing parameters such as maximum and minimum exposure speed exposure and sampling points, grid length and the like in the exposure writing curve function.
And step E, as shown in fig. 2, an ultraviolet mask is used for writing a grating system, a laser beam 16 emitted by an ultraviolet laser 8 in the ultraviolet mask writing grating system irradiates a cylindrical mirror 13 through a diaphragm 12, and the beam 16 is converged and exposed on an optical fiber 17 in the front region of the phase mask 7. The matching fiber grating spectrum test system comprises an ASE broadband light source 15 connected with an A port of a three-terminal circulator 9, a B port connected with an input end of a prepared chirped fiber grating 11, and a C port connected with a fiber spectrometer 10. The ultraviolet mask plate grating engraving system is a mature technology in the existing fiber grating engraving.
And F, placing the optical fiber 17 obtained in the step A in the front area of the phase mask 7, guiding the fitted exposure function curve into light source control driving software of the precise displacement controller, decomposing the exposure function into subfunctions of exposure frequency, exposure power density, light spot size and light spot moving speed, driving the precise displacement controller by the subfunctions, and starting to prepare the chirped fiber grating.
And G, finishing the preparation of the chirped fiber grating, putting the chirped fiber grating into a drying blast box, and annealing at 120-150 ℃ for 10-12 h. As shown in fig. 1, a large bandwidth chirped fiber grating with controllable dispersion is obtained.
Step H, the prepared dispersion controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating can be tested, loss gain value distribution conditions at different wavelength positions are tested, then matched and compared with a set loss gain spectrum, finally the dispersion values at different wavelength positions are verified according to the loss gain value distribution conditions at different wavelengths, and finally, the reflection spectrum of the prepared dispersion controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating is displayed and compared with the set loss gain spectrum in a matched manner, so that good matching degree is obtained
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Based on the data fitting principle, according to the relative amount of loss gain spectrums in different optical fiber communication system structures at each wavelength, fitting out a corresponding loss gain spectrum curve in a wavelength interval, calculating dispersion values at different central wavelengths according to the loss gain spectrums, and in a wave band interval of the central wavelengths of 1535nm to 1565nm, the loss gain spectrums are as shown in fig. 4. The loss gain spectrums of optical signals in the three optical fiber communication systems are respectively a, b and c.
And importing the fiber grating loss gain curve data into fiber grating writing software to generate a complex exposure writing curve, and forming a final exposure writing function curve by adjusting the maximum exposure speed, the minimum exposure speed and the number of sampling points in the exposure writing curve. The exposure function curves are shown in fig. 5.
Placing the corning SMF-28e single-mode fiber 17 in the front area of the phase mask 7, guiding the fitted complex exposure function into a precision displacement control system, decomposing the complex exposure function into exposure functions with the exposure frequency of 40-60hz, the exposure power density of 6.21-6.44mJ, the spot size of 1.0-1.8mm x 2.0-2.8mm and the fiber movement speed of 0.0001-5mm/s, carrying out program-controlled scanning exposure according to the exposure functions, and controlling by utilizing a subfunction, so that the writing is more precise.
For example, it is decomposed into an exposure sub-function of an exposure frequency of 50Hz, an exposure power density of 6.38mJ, a spot size of 1.5mm x 2.5mm, and a fiber moving speed of 0.0001-5mm/s, and the program-controlled scanning exposure is performed according to the exposure sub-function.
The ultraviolet laser 8 is an excimer laser of MLI-500KrF-FBG as a laser exposure light source, and the fundamental wavelength of the laser is 248nm.
The phase mask 7 is a chirp phase mask of Isebn, denmark, and has a chirp rate of 0.05nm/cm-100nm/cm, a center wavelength period of 0.12nm/cm, a mask region size of 10mm × 100mm, and a center wavelength period of 1071.5nm.
The precision displacement controller is a Newport nano-scale electrodynamic displacement controller, the stroke is 160mm, the precision is +/-0.75 mu m, and the maximum speed is 300mm/s.
The optical fiber fixing clamp 14 is used for fixing the optical fiber, and ensures that light rays are in a straight state and cannot shake in the writing process.
An ultraviolet grating writing system is built, an excimer laser 8 comprising an MLI-500KrF-FBG emits a laser beam 16, the laser beam passes through a diaphragm 12 and irradiates a cylindrical mirror 13, and the beam 16 is subjected to convergent exposure on a corning SMF-28e single-mode fiber 17 in the front region of a chirp phase mask plate 7. A real-time testing structure system is built, and comprises an ASE broadband light source 15 with the bandwidth range of 1525nm-1580nm, the ASE broadband light source is connected with an A port of a three-terminal circulator 9, a B port is connected with an input end of a prepared chirped fiber grating 11, a C port is connected with a river AQ6370D fiber spectrometer, the physical structure diagram of the prepared chirped fiber grating 11 is shown in figure 1, the physical structure diagram comprises a fiber core 1, a cladding 2, a coating layer 3 and a grid period 4 which are sequentially increased from left to right, the central wavelength period is 535.75nm, the grid length is 5mm, and the grating direction 6 is from left to right. The fiber grating test reflection spectrum is shown in fig. 6.
According to the prepared chirp grating reflection spectrum, the refractive index distribution of the chirp optical fiber grating can be obtained; after the chirped fiber grating is annealed, the distribution of loss gain values within a certain bandwidth range is tested again. The bandwidth ranges of three samples a, b, c prepared from the three loss-gain spectral lines are: 1537-1563nm,1536-1561nm,1535-1563nm (47 dBm), chirped fiber gratings with controllable dispersion according to the gain-loss curve were obtained. The reflection spectra of the three samples are matched and compared with the established loss gain spectrum, so that good matching degree is obtained; the intended purpose and requirements are met.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing a dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, carrying out hydrogen sensitization treatment on the optical fiber, and storing the treated optical fiber in a low-temperature freezing chamber at the temperature of-5 to-40 ℃;
b, acquiring the relative quantity of loss or gain at each wavelength in the communication bandwidth range according to transmission loss or gain spectrums in different optical fiber communication systems, and then fitting a corresponding loss gain spectrum curve in the communication bandwidth based on a data fitting principle according to target spectrum function parameters extracted from the transmission loss or gain spectrums;
c, calculating the reflectivity R corresponding to each wavelength according to the loss gain spectrum curve, and further calculating the effective refractive index n of the grid of the chirped fiber grating eff So as to finally and accurately obtain the dispersion value D at each wavelength;
step D, guiding the power intensity, wavelength, loss value and dispersion value of the reflected light into fiber grating writing light source control driving software to generate an exposure writing curve function;
e, utilizing an ultraviolet mask to etch a grating writing system, placing the optical fiber obtained in the step A in the front area of a phase mask of the ultraviolet mask etching grating writing system, introducing the fitted exposure etching curve function into light source control driving software, decomposing the exposure etching curve function into sub-functions of exposure frequency, exposure power density, light spot size and light spot moving speed, and controlling a driving controller through each sub-function to start to prepare the chirped fiber grating;
and G, placing the chirped fiber grating engraved in the step E into a drying blast box for annealing at 120-150 ℃ for 10-12h, and obtaining the chirped fiber grating with controllable dispersion and large bandwidth.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating is prepared by: the specific process of hydrogen-carrying sensitization treatment of the optical fiber comprises the steps of placing the optical fiber into a hydrogen-carrying reaction device, carrying out hydrogen-carrying treatment under the conditions of high pressure of 10-15 Mpa and high temperature of 80-95 ℃, discharging high-pressure high-temperature hydrogen in the hydrogen-carrying reaction device, and taking out the optical fiber in the hydrogen-carrying reaction device to have photosensitivity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dispersion-controllable large-bandwidth chirped fiber grating is fabricated by: the dispersion value D is calculated by
D＝2n eff /cδλ
Wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum, and δ λ is the root mean square spectral width of the wavelength within the bandwidth range of the fiber grating; n is 0 Is the original refractive index of the optical fiber; Δ n (z) is the axial refractive index modulation depth, modulation range 10 －5 －10 －3 V is the edge visibility of the fiber grating, [ phi ] (z) = Cz 2 /L 2 The chirp distribution function of the fiber grating is shown as L, the length of the grating region of the fiber grating is shown as C, the chirp coefficient of the chirp grating is shown as z, the position function of the axial propagation direction of the fiber is shown as z, and the grating period is shown as Λ.
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| CN1595275A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2005-03-16 | 吉林大学 | Gain flattened equalizer of erbium doped fiber amplifier based on chirped fiber grating |
| CN1641390A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-20 | 清华大学 | Tunable dispersion compensator designing and making method |
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| US9904018B2 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2018-02-27 | Peter R. Herman | Multipulse system for writing waveguides, gratings, and integrated optical circuits |
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| CN1641390A (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-20 | 清华大学 | Tunable dispersion compensator designing and making method |
| CN1595275A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2005-03-16 | 吉林大学 | Gain flattened equalizer of erbium doped fiber amplifier based on chirped fiber grating |
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