CN112909577B - Wide-band gap waveguide array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband gap waveguide array antenna, which comprises a radiation layer and a feed layer, wherein the radiation layer comprises a radiation unit subarray layer, a first gap waveguide coupling layer and a second gap waveguide coupling layer, the radiation unit subarray layer comprises a first flat plate and a radiation array arranged on the first flat plate, the radiation array is formed by distributing 16 radiation units in a 4-row-by-4-column mode, each radiation unit respectively comprises a first rectangular cavity and a second rectangular cavity which are stacked from top to bottom, a first air cavity which equally divides energy into two paths is arranged in the first gap waveguide coupling layer, a second air cavity which divides energy into four paths is arranged in the second gap waveguide coupling layer, and a third air cavity which evenly divides energy into two paths with consistent amplitude and phase is respectively sent to the second gap waveguide coupling layer is arranged in the feed layer; the advantage is on the basis of having low side lobe, has higher gain and efficiency, and the processing cost is lower.

Description

A Broadband Gap Waveguide Array Antenna

technical field

The present invention relates to an array antenna, in particular to a wide-band gap waveguide array antenna.

Background technique

On the electromagnetic spectrum, the low-frequency spectrum is already quite crowded, and it is more and more urgent to carry out research on related technologies in higher frequency bands, such as the millimeter wave band. The available frequency bandwidth and electromagnetic wavelength are short in the millimeter wave frequency band. There are many advantages in antenna design in this frequency band, such as: it is easy to achieve wider working bandwidth and miniaturization design.

With the improvement of anti-jamming requirements for radar and the development of modern electronic industry, it is required that the antenna should have the performance of low side lobe or extremely low side lobe. The traditional array antenna mainly includes a feeding layer and a radiating layer. At present, there are mainly two schemes to reduce its side lobes. The first scheme is to adjust the energy distribution of the radiating layer by adjusting the power distribution ratio of the feeding layer to reduce the side lobes. However, this scheme will always cause the main lobe to widen and the gain to decrease while reducing the side lobes. It cannot guarantee a narrow main lobe and obtain extremely low side lobes without sacrificing the gain. The second scheme is to add a pole above the radiation layer. The addition of the polarizing layer can make the electric field polarization direction of the radiating layer rotate, which can optimize the pattern of the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna to achieve low sidelobes, but adding a polarizing layer in mass production will cause Increases the cost of the antenna by 20%.

However, in the millimeter wave frequency band, unfavorable factors such as more serious sidewall effect and higher dielectric loss also bring trouble to the traditional array antenna design. The availability of traditional waveguide transmission lines is greatly reduced, so there is a need to find waveguide transmission lines with good performance in the mmWave frequency band. A new type of transmission line based on electromagnetic bandgap structure and air filling, namely gap waveguide, emerged as the times require. The gap waveguide is filled with air, and the electromagnetic wave propagates in the air, which makes it have low-loss transmission performance, and solves the problems of large radiation loss and dielectric loss of common microwave transmission lines in the millimeter waveband. At the same time, the gap waveguide does not require strict electrical connection during processing and assembly, which greatly reduces the processing difficulty. Therefore, the gap waveguide not only has the transmission performance comparable to the rectangular waveguide, but also overcomes the shortcomings of the rectangular waveguide with high profile, large volume, high processing and assembly requirements, and high cost. new options.

In view of this, it is of great significance to design a broadband gap waveguide array antenna with low side lobes, high gain and efficiency, and low processing cost based on the gap waveguide.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wide-band gap waveguide array antenna with high gain and efficiency and low processing cost on the basis of low side lobes.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a wide-band gap waveguide array antenna, comprising a radiating layer and a feeding layer stacked in order from top to bottom, and the feeding layer is used to connect a single-channel TE10 The mode is converted into multiple TE10 mode signals with the same power and the same phase, and the multiple TE10 mode signals are transmitted to the radiating layer, and the radiating layer is used to convert the multiple TE10 mode signals from the feeding layer. The signal is radiated to the free space, and the radiation layer includes a radiation element sub-array layer, a first gap waveguide coupling layer and a second gap waveguide coupling layer arranged in order from top to bottom, and the radiation element sub-array layer includes A first flat plate and a radiation array arranged on the first flat plate, the first flat plate is a rectangular plate, and the radiation array is formed by 16 radiation units distributed in a manner of 4 rows×4 columns, each The radiation units respectively include a first rectangular cavity and a second rectangular cavity stacked from top to bottom and opened on the first flat plate, the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity respectively. The front side wall of the rectangular cavity is located on the same plane, the rear side wall of the first rectangular cavity and the rear side wall of the second rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, and the left side wall of the first rectangular cavity is in the same plane. The distance from the right side wall is greater than the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity to the right side wall thereof, and the upper side wall of the first rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the first plate, The lower side wall of the second rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the first flat plate, the center of the first rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity are located on the same line, and the center of the first rectangular cavity is on the same line. The straight line is used as the center line of the radiation unit. If the radiation unit is rotated 45 degrees counterclockwise around its center line, the plane of the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity will be in line with the front side wall of the first flat plate. The plane is parallel; the first gap waveguide coupling layer has a first air cavity inside, which can couple the energy sent into it into the first air cavity and then divide the energy into two paths, effectively After suppressing the cross-polarization, it is evenly coupled into the radiation array, and the radiation array is rotated by 45 degrees, so that the electric field direction of the antenna can be rotated by 45 degrees, thereby optimizing the pattern of the E-plane and the H-plane to achieve low side lobes; The second gap waveguide coupling layer has a second air cavity inside, which can evenly couple the energy sent into the second air cavity into the second air cavity and then divide it into four paths of energy with the same amplitude and phase. In the first gap waveguide coupling layer; the feeding layer has a third air cavity, when the energy is input into the feeding layer, it propagates along the third air cavity and is evenly divided into two The energies whose amplitude and phase are kept consistent are respectively sent into the second gap waveguide coupling layer.

The first gap waveguide coupling layer includes a first rectangular metal plate, a first rectangular metal ground plate, and a first gap waveguide disposed between the first rectangular metal plate and the first rectangular metal ground plate structure, the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal plate and the lower side wall of the first flat plate are completely overlapped and connected, and the first rectangular metal plate is provided with 16 third rectangular cavities, 16 of which are The third rectangular cavities are distributed in a manner of 4 rows×4 columns, the upper side wall of each third rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal plate, and each of the The lower side wall of the third rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate, and the 16 third rectangular cavities are in one-to-one correspondence with the second rectangular cavities in the 16 radiation units. In a corresponding third rectangular cavity and a second rectangular cavity, the front side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, and the rear side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity are in the same plane. The rear side walls of the two rectangular cavities are located on the same plane, the left side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, and the right side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity are located on the same plane On the same plane, the first rectangular metal ground plate is located below the first rectangular metal plate with a distance therebetween, and the first rectangular metal ground plate is provided with eight fourth rectangular cavities, The upper side wall of each of the fourth rectangular cavities is flush with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate, and the lower side wall of each of the fourth rectangular cavities is flush with the first rectangular cavities. The lower side wall of the metal grounding plate is flush, and the eight said fourth rectangular cavities are formed at intervals in the manner of 2 rows and 4 columns, and the plane where the front side wall of each said fourth rectangular The planes where the front side walls of the first rectangular metal grounding plate are located are parallel, and the planes where the front sidewalls of the four fourth rectangular cavities located in the first row are located and the front sidewalls of the first rectangular metal grounding plate are located. The distance between the planes is equal to the distance between the plane where the rear sidewalls of the fourth rectangular cavities located in the second row are located and the plane where the rear sidewalls of the first rectangular metal grounding plate are located. The distance between the plane on which the left side wall of the two fourth rectangular cavities in the column is located and the plane on which the left side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate is located is equal to the distance between the two fourth rectangular cavities located in the fourth column. the distance between the plane where the right side wall of the rectangular cavity is located and the plane where the right side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate is located; the first gap waveguide structure includes a first rectangular parallelepiped metal column group, a first isosceles right angle A triangular metal block group and a second cuboid metal column group, the first cuboid metal column group is composed of 10 first cuboid metal column units arranged at intervals in the first rectangular metal connection in the manner of 2 rows×5 columns. Formed on the floor, each of the first cuboid metal column units is formed by 3 first cuboid metal columns arranged at intervals in a manner of 3 rows×1 column, and the front side wall of each of the first cuboid metal columns The plane is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate is located, and the lower side wall of each of the first rectangular metal pillars is parallel to the first rectangular metal column. The upper sidewall of the grounding plate is attached and connected, and there is a distance between the upper sidewall of each of the first rectangular parallelepiped metal columns and the lower sidewall of the first rectangular metal plate, located in the same row and adjacent to each other. There is a fourth rectangular cavity between the two first cuboid metal column units, and two adjacent first cuboid metal column units located in the same row are opposite to the two first cuboid metal column units The plane where the plane of symmetry of the fourth rectangular cavity in the front-rear direction is left-right symmetrical, and the symmetry planes of the five first rectangular parallelepiped metal column units located in the first row along the left-right direction are the same as the four The symmetry planes of the fourth rectangular cavity along the left-right direction coincide, and the symmetry planes of the five first rectangular parallelepiped metal column units located in the second row along the left-right direction are the same as those of the four fourth rectangular cavity located in the second row. The symmetrical planes of the rectangular cavity along the left and right directions coincide; the first isosceles right triangle metal block group consists of 8 first isosceles right triangle metal block units, which are arranged at intervals in the said first isosceles right triangle metal block in the manner of 2 rows and 4 columns. A rectangular metal ground plate is formed, each of the first isosceles right triangle metal block units is composed of two first isosceles right triangle metal blocks, and eight of the first isosceles right triangle metal block units are connected with The eight fourth rectangular cavities are in one-to-one correspondence, the corresponding first isosceles right triangle metal block unit and the fourth rectangular cavity, the two first isosceles right triangle metal block units of the first isosceles right triangle metal block unit. The blocks are located on the front side and the back side of the fourth rectangular cavity, respectively, and the two first isosceles right triangle metal blocks are center-symmetrical with respect to the center line of the fourth rectangular cavity, and are located on the first isosceles on the front side of the fourth rectangular cavity. One right angle of the right-angled triangular metal block faces forward and is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal plate is located, and the other right angle faces left and is parallel to the left side wall of the first rectangular metal plate. Plane, the rear part of the other right-angle surface enters between two adjacent first rectangular metal column units, and the lower side wall of each of the first isosceles right triangle metal blocks is in contact with the first rectangular metal block. The upper and lower side walls of the floor are attached and connected, and the height of each of the first isosceles right triangle metal blocks is equal to the height of the first cuboid metal column; the second cuboid metal column group includes 11 pieces according to 1 The second cuboid metal pillars are arranged on the first rectangular metal grounding plate in the manner of rows×11 columns, the second cuboid metal pillar group is located between the two rows of the first isosceles right triangle metal block units, and The distances to the first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block elements in the two rows are equal, and the plane on the left side of the second cuboid metal column located in the first row and the first column is located on the left side of the first cuboid metal column element in the first row. On the left side of the plane, the plane on which the right side wall of the second cuboid metal column located in row 1, column 11 is located is located on the right side of the plane on the right side of the first cuboid metal column unit in row 5, and each of the second The lower side wall of the cuboid metal column is attached and connected to the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate, and the height of each second cuboid metal column is equal to the height of the first cuboid metal column; each said The first cuboid metal column, each of the second cuboid metal columns, the plane where the upper side wall of each of the first isosceles right triangle metal blocks is located and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate The first air cavity is formed therebetween, the first gap waveguide structure is surrounded by a plurality of first anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars for preventing energy leakage, and the plurality of first anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars are distributed at intervals, The plane on which the front side of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column is located is parallel to the plane on which the front side of the first rectangular metal plate is located, and the lower sidewall of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column is parallel to the first rectangular metal column. The upper side walls of the metal grounding plate are attached and connected, and the height of each of the first anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars is equal to the height of the first cuboid metal pillar. This structure can evenly divide the energy coupled through the fourth rectangular cavity into 8 channels in the same phase, which can effectively improve the asymmetry caused by the rotation of the first rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity by 45 degrees in the radiation unit. The first isosceles right-angled triangular metal block group arranged in the structure can effectively improve the cross polarization.

The second gap waveguide coupling layer includes a second rectangular metal plate, a second rectangular metal ground plate, and a second gap waveguide disposed between the second rectangular metal plate and the second rectangular metal ground plate structure, the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal plate is completely overlapped with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate in the first gap waveguide coupling layer, and the second rectangular metal plate has 8 The fifth rectangular cavity, eight of the fifth rectangular cavities are formed in a manner of 2 rows×4 columns, the upper side wall of each of the fifth rectangular cavities and the upper side of the second rectangular metal plate The walls are flush, the lower side wall of each of the fifth rectangular cavities is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, and the eight fifth rectangular cavities are flush with the eight fourth rectangular cavities. The rectangular cavities are in one-to-one correspondence, and in a corresponding fifth rectangular cavity and a fourth rectangular cavity, the front side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity and the front side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, and the The rear side wall and the rear side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity are in the same plane, the left side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity and the left side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity are in the same plane, and the right side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity and the fourth rectangular cavity are in the same plane The right side wall is located on the same plane, and the second rectangular metal grounding plate has two sixth rectangular cavities, and the two sixth rectangular cavities are formed in a manner of 1 row×2 columns. The front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is parallel to the front side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, and the upper side wall of each sixth rectangular cavity is parallel to the second rectangular metal grounding plate. The upper side wall is flush, the lower side wall of each of the sixth rectangular cavities is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate, and each of the sixth rectangular cavities is provided with a A rectangular ridge and a second rectangular ridge, the front side wall of the first rectangular ridge is connected to the front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, and the left side wall of the first rectangular ridge is connected to the The distance from the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the first rectangular ridge to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, and the rear side wall of the second rectangular ridge is the same as The rear side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is attached and connected, and the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular ridge to the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is equal to the right side of the second rectangular ridge. The distance from the side wall to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, the lengths of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge in the left-right direction are equal, and the lengths in the front-rear direction are also equal. The sum of the lengths of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge in the front-rear direction is smaller than the length of the sixth rectangular cavity in the front-rear direction, and the upper part of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge is The sidewalls are flush with the upper sidewall of the sixth rectangular cavity, and the lower sidewalls of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge are both flush with the lower sidewall of the sixth rectangular cavity flush; the second gap waveguide structure includes a third cuboid metal pillar group, a fourth cuboid metal pillar group and a fifth cuboid metal pillar group, and the third cuboid metal pillar group consists of three third cuboid metal pillars Units are formed on the second rectangular metal grounding plate in the manner of 1 row×3 columns, each The third cuboid metal column unit is formed by 5 third cuboid metal columns arranged at intervals in a manner of 5 rows×1 column, and the plane where the front side wall of each third cuboid metal column is located is the same as the plane of the third cuboid metal column. The plane on which the front side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate is located is parallel, the lower sidewall of each of the third cuboid metal pillars is connected to the upper sidewall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, and each of the There is a distance between the upper side wall of the third cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, and there is a distance between two adjacent third cuboid metal column units located in the same row. A sixth rectangular cavity, the symmetry planes of the two adjacent third cuboid metal column units along the left and right directions and the symmetry planes of the sixth rectangular cavity along the left and right directions are located on the same plane, and the two adjacent third cuboid metal column units are located in the same plane. The column unit is left-right symmetrical with respect to the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity along the front-rear direction. The rows and columns are arranged at intervals on the second rectangular metal grounding plate, and the plane where the front sidewall of each of the fourth cuboid metal pillars is located is the same as the plane where the front sidewall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate is located. In parallel, the lower sidewall of each of the fourth cuboid metal pillars is connected to the upper sidewall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, and the upper sidewall of each of the fourth cuboid metal pillars is connected to the upper sidewall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate. There is a distance between the lower side walls of the second rectangular metal plate, and there is a sixth rectangular cavity between the two fourth cuboid metal pillars located in the same row, and the two fourth cuboid metal pillars located in the same row are The plane of the symmetry plane in the front-rear direction coincides with the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity in the front-rear direction, and the two fourth cuboid metal pillars located in the same column are relative to the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity in the left-right direction. The plane is symmetrical on the left and right, and the fifth cuboid metal column group is formed by 2 fifth cuboid metal column units arranged at intervals on the second rectangular metal grounding plate in the manner of 1 row×2 columns. The fifth cuboid metal pillar unit is formed by 2 fifth cuboid metal pillars arranged at intervals in a manner of 1 row×2 columns, and the plane where the front side wall of each of the fifth cuboid metal pillars is located is the same as the plane of the third cuboid metal pillar. The planes where the front sidewalls of the two rectangular metal grounding plates are located are parallel, and the lower sidewalls of each of the fifth cuboid metal pillars are attached and connected to the upper sidewalls of the second rectangular metal grounding plates. There is a distance between the upper side wall of the fifth cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, and the fifth cuboid metal column unit in the first column is located in the third cuboid metal column unit in the first column and Between the third cuboid metal column units in the second column, the two fifth cuboid metal columns of the fifth cuboid metal column unit in the first column are located on the left and right sides of the sixth rectangular cavity in the first column, respectively, and are opposite to the sixth rectangular cavity in the first column. The plane where the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity in the first column is located along the front-rear direction has a left-right symmetrical structure, and the plane where the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity in the first column is located along the left-right direction is a front-to-back symmetrical structure; The cuboid metal column unit is located between the third cuboid metal column unit in the second column and the third cuboid metal column unit in the third column, and the two fifth cuboid metal columns of the fifth cuboid metal column unit in the second column are located at The left and right sides of the sixth rectangular cavity in the second column are in a left-right symmetrical structure with respect to the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity in the second column along the front-rear direction, and relative to the sixth rectangular cavity in the second column along the left-right direction The plane where the plane of symmetry is located is a front-to-back symmetrical structure; the upper side walls of each of the third cuboid metal column, the fourth cuboid metal column and the fifth cuboid metal column are located on the same plane, and the plane is in the same plane as the second rectangular metal column. The second air cavity is formed between the lower side walls of the plate; the second gap waveguide structure is surrounded by a plurality of second leakage-proof cuboid metal columns for preventing energy leakage, and a plurality of second leakage-proof cuboids The metal pillars are distributed at intervals, the plane on which the front side of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar is located is parallel to the plane on which the front side of the second rectangular metal plate is located, and the lower side wall of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar is parallel to the plane of the front side of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar. The upper side walls of the second rectangular metal grounding plate are attached and connected, and the height of each of the second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars is equal to the height of the third cuboid metal pillar. The structure can evenly divide the energy coupled through the sixth rectangular cavity into 4 paths in the same phase, and the fourth cuboid metal pillar group and the fifth cuboid metal pillar group set in the structure can suppress the generation of high-order modes, so that the Achieve impedance matching and reduce reflection coefficient.

The distance between the center lines of two adjacent radiation units located in the same row is 0.78λ, and the distance between the center lines of two adjacent radiation units located in the same column is 0.78λ, λ=c/f , c is the wave speed, c=3*10^8m/s, f is the center operating frequency of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna, and the distance from the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity to its rear side wall is 0.7λ, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular cavity to its right side wall is 0.48λ, and the distance from the upper side wall of the first rectangular cavity to its lower side wall is 0.16λ, the said The distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of the second rectangular cavity is 0.7λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity is 0.24λ, and the upper side wall of the second rectangular cavity The distance to the lower side wall is 0.07λ; the center distance between two adjacent third rectangular cavities in the same row is 0.78λ, and the distance between two adjacent third rectangular cavities in the same column is 0.78λ. The center-to-center spacing is 0.78λ, the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent fourth rectangular cavities in the same row is 0.78λ, and the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent fourth rectangular cavities located in the same column is 1.56 λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity is 0.65λ, and the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.21λ; the front side wall to the rear side of each of the first cuboid metal columns The distance between the walls is 0.17λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.13λ, and the height is 0.15λ. In the first cuboid metal column unit, between two adjacent first cuboid metal columns The spacing is 0.17λ. In the first cuboid metal column group, the spacing between two adjacent first cuboid metal column units located in the same row is 0.65λ, and the distance between two adjacent first cuboid metal column units located in the same column is 0.65λ. The spacing between the rectangular parallelepiped metal column units is 1.4λ; the length of the two right-angled sides of each of the first isosceles right triangle metal blocks is 0.26λ, and the height of the first isosceles right triangle metal block unit is 0.15λ, located in each first isosceles right triangle metal block unit in row 1, the front side of the first isosceles right triangle metal block located on the front side is in the same plane as each of the first isosceles right triangle metal blocks located in row 1. The distance between the plane of the front side of the cuboid metal column unit is 0.17λ, and it is located in each first isosceles right triangle metal block unit in the second row. The plane of the front side of the first isosceles right triangle metal block located on the front side is the same as The distance to the plane where the front side of each of the first cuboid metal column units located in the second row is 0.17λ, and in each of the first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block units located in the first row, the first The distance between the plane where the left side of the isosceles right-angled triangular metal block is located and the plane where the right side of the first cuboid metal column unit located closest to the left side is located is 0.12λ. The center-to-center spacing between the isosceles right-angled triangle metal block groups is 0.78λ, and the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent isosceles right-angled triangle metal block groups located in the same column is 1.57λ; the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each second cuboid metal column is 0.11λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.17λ, the height is 0.15λ, and they are located in the same row and phase. The center-to-center distance between the two adjacent second cuboid metal pillars is 0.31λ, and the plane where the left side wall of the second cuboid metal pillar in row 1 and column 1 is located and the plane of the first cuboid metal pillar unit in row 1. The distance between the planes on the left side is 0.01λ, and the plane on the right side of the second cuboid metal column located in the 1st row and the 11th column is located between the planes on the right side of the first cuboid metal column unit in the 5th row. The distance is 0.01λ, the plane where the upper side wall of each of the first cuboid metal pillars, each of the second cuboid metal pillars, and the first isosceles right-angled triangular metal block is located with the The spacing between the lower side walls of the first rectangular metal plate is 0.1λ, and the center spacing between two adjacent fifth rectangular cavities located in the same row is 0.78λ, and the adjacent two adjacent cavities located in the same column are 0.78λ. The center-to-center spacing between the fifth rectangular cavities is 1.56λ, the center-to-center spacing between two of the sixth rectangular cavities is 1.56λ, and the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each of the sixth rectangular cavities The distance is 0.68λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.31λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of the first rectangular ridge is 0.03λ, and the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.03 λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each third cuboid metal column is 0.2λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.15λ, and the height is 0.16λ, the third cuboid In the metal column unit, the distance between two adjacent third cuboid metal columns is 0.11λ, and in the third cuboid metal column group, two adjacent third cuboids located in the same row The spacing between the metal column units is 1.41λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each of the fourth rectangular metal columns is 0.31λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.14λ, and the height is 0.16λ , the spacing between the two fourth cuboid metal pillars in the same column is 1.22λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each fifth cuboid metal pillar is 0.14λ, the left side wall to the right side The distance between the walls is 0.14λ, and the height is 0.16λ. In the fifth cuboid metal column group, the center-to-center distance between two fifth cuboid metal column units is 1.07λ. The distance between the plane where the right side wall of each third cuboid metal column unit is located and the left side wall of the fourth cuboid metal column closest to the right side is 0.79λ. The plane where the side wall is located is located on the rear side of the plane where the front side wall of the fourth cuboid metal column in the first row is located, and the distance between the two is 0.05λ. The distance between the plane where the upper side wall of the column and the fifth rectangular metal column is located and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate is 0.1λ.

The feeding layer includes a third rectangular metal plate, a third rectangular metal grounding plate, and a third gap waveguide structure disposed between the third rectangular metal plate and the third rectangular metal grounding plate, so the The upper side wall of the third rectangular metal plate and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate in the second gap waveguide coupling layer are completely overlapped and connected, and the third rectangular metal plate has two The seventh rectangular cavity, two of the seventh rectangular cavities are formed in a manner of 1 row×2 columns, the upper side wall of each of the seventh rectangular cavity and the upper side of the third rectangular metal plate The walls are flush, the lower side wall of each of the seventh rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, and each of the seventh rectangular cavity is respectively provided with a third rectangular ridge. and a fourth rectangular ridge, the front side wall of the third rectangular ridge is connected to the front side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, and the left side wall of the third rectangular ridge is connected to the seventh rectangular ridge. The distance from the left side wall of the rectangular cavity is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the third rectangular ridge to the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, and the rear side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge is The rear sidewall of the seventh rectangular cavity is connected by fitting, and the distance from the left side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge to the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity is equal to the distance between the right side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge and the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity. The distance from the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, the lengths of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge along the left and right directions are equal, and the lengths along the front and rear directions are also equal, the third rectangular The sum of the lengths of the ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge in the front-rear direction is less than the length of the seventh rectangular cavity in the front-rear direction, and the upper side walls of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge are both be flush with the upper side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, and the lower side walls of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge are both flush with the lower side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity; Two of the seventh rectangular cavities are in one-to-one correspondence with the two sixth rectangular cavities, and in a corresponding seventh rectangular cavity and a sixth rectangular cavity, the front side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity is The front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is located on the same plane, the rear side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the rear side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane On the same plane, the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are on the same plane, the left side wall of the third rectangular ridge and the left side wall of the first rectangular ridge are on the same plane, and the third rectangular ridge is on the same plane. The right side wall of the first rectangular ridge is on the same plane as the right side wall of the first rectangular ridge, the rear side wall of the third rectangular ridge is on the same plane as the rear side wall of the first rectangular ridge, and the left side wall of the second rectangular ridge is on the same plane as the fourth rectangular ridge. The left side wall of the ridge is on the same plane, the right side wall of the second rectangular ridge is on the same plane as the right side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge, and the front side wall of the second rectangular ridge is on the same plane as the front side wall of the second rectangular ridge ; The third gap waveguide structure includes a sixth cuboid metal column group, a seventh cuboid metal column group, an eighth cuboid metal column group, a ninth cuboid metal column group, a first rectangular metal block and a second rectangular metal block; The sixth cuboid metal column group consists of 2 sixth cuboid metal columns according to 1 row × 2 Columns are formed on the third rectangular metal grounding plate at intervals, and the lower sidewall of each of the sixth rectangular metal pillars is attached and connected to the upper sidewall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate. , there is a distance between the upper side wall of each of the sixth cuboid metal pillars and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, and the plane where the front side wall of each of the sixth cuboid metal pillars is located parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal ground plate is located; the seventh cuboid metal column group is located on the rear side of the sixth cuboid metal column group, and the seventh cuboid metal column group It is formed by 2 seventh cuboid metal pillars arranged at intervals of 1 row and 2 columns on the third rectangular metal grounding plate, and the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar located in the first row and the first column is connected to the third rectangular metal grounding plate. The left side wall of the sixth cuboid metal pillar located in row 1, column 1 is in the same plane, the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar located in row 1, column 2 and the sixth cuboid located in row 1, column 2 The right side wall of the metal column is in the same plane, the plane where the front side wall of each of the seventh cuboid metal pillars is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal ground plate is located, and the seventh cuboid metal column is located on the same plane. The length of the metal column along the left-right direction is smaller than the length of the sixth cuboid metal column along the left-right direction; the upper side wall of each of the seventh cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate are between There is a distance between them, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column is greater than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the sixth cuboid metal column; the eighth cuboid metal column The column group is located at the rear side of the sixth cuboid metal column group, and the eighth cuboid metal column group consists of two eighth cuboid metal columns arranged at intervals in the third cuboid metal column in a manner of 1 row×2 columns A rectangular metal ground plate is formed, the plane where the rear side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column is located is located on the front side of the plane where the front side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column is located, and the eighth cuboid in the first row and the first column The plane where the left side wall of the metal column is located is located on the right side of the plane where the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column in row 1, column 1 is located, and the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column in row 1, column 2 is located The plane is located on the left side of the plane where the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column in the 1st row and 2nd column is located, and the upper side wall of each of the eighth cuboid metal columns is the same as the third rectangular metal plate. There is a distance between the lower side walls, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar is greater than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the sixth cuboid metal pillar and smaller than the The distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar; the ninth cuboid metal pillar group consists of two ninth cuboid metal pillars arranged at intervals in the said Three rectangular metal ground plates are formed, the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column located in the 1st row and the 1st column is connected with the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column located in the 1st row and the 1st column, located in the 1st row The right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in the second column and the left side of the eighth cuboid metal column located in the first row and the second column The walls are connected, the plane where the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column is located coincides with the plane where the front side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column is located, and the plane where the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column is located is the same as the plane. The planes where the rear sidewalls of the eighth cuboid metal pillars are overlapped, and there is a distance between the upper sidewall of each of the ninth cuboid metal pillars and the lower sidewall of the third rectangular metal plate, so The distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal pillar is greater than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar and smaller than the upper side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar The distance to the lower side wall; each of the ninth cuboid metal pillars is respectively provided with a rectangular notch, the lower side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal pillar located in the first row and the first column and the ninth cuboid The lower side wall of the metal column is flush, the right side wall is flush with the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, the front side wall is flush with the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, and the rear side wall is flush with the ninth cuboid metal column. The rear side wall of the cuboid metal column is flush, the lower side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column located in the first row and the second column is flush with the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, and the left side wall is flush with the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column. The left side wall of the nine cuboid metal column is flush, the front side wall is flush with the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, and the rear side wall is flush with the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column; the first The plane where the front side wall of the rectangular metal block is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate is located, and the lower sidewall of the first rectangular metal block is parallel to the plane of the third rectangular metal grounding plate. The upper side walls are attached and connected, the first rectangular metal block is embedded in the rectangular openings of the two ninth cuboid metal pillars, and the upper side walls of the first rectangular metal block are respectively connected with the two ninth cuboid metal pillars. The upper sidewalls of the rectangular opening are attached and connected, and the plane where the symmetry plane of the first rectangular metal block is located along the left-right direction coincides with the plane where the symmetry planes of the two ninth cuboid metal blocks are located along the left-right direction; The plane where the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal ground plate is located, and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal block is parallel to the third rectangular metal block. The upper side wall of the metal grounding plate is attached and connected, the second rectangular metal block has a rectangular notch, and the lower side wall of the rectangular opening is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal block, and the left side The wall is flush with the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block, the front side wall is flush with the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block, and the right side wall is flush with the second rectangular metal block The right side wall of the block is flush; the first rectangular metal block is embedded in the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block, and the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal block and the second rectangular metal block are The upper side wall of the rectangular opening of the block is attached and connected, the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal block is attached and connected to the rear side wall of the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block, and the second rectangular metal block is attached and connected. The plane where the symmetry plane of the metal block is located in the front-rear direction and the plane where the symmetry plane of the first rectangular metal block is located in the front-rear direction is located on the same plane; each of the sixth rectangular parallelepiped gold column, each of the seventh cuboid metal pillars, each of the eighth cuboid metal pillars, each of the ninth cuboid metal pillars, the first rectangular metal block and the second The third air cavity is formed between the upper side wall of the rectangular metal block and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate; The third anti-leakage cuboid metal column, a plurality of third anti-leakage cuboid metal columns are distributed at intervals, and the plane on which the front side of each third anti-leakage cuboid metal column is located is parallel to the plane on which the front side of the third rectangular metal plate is located, The lower side wall of each third anti-leakage cuboid metal column is closely connected with the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, and the height of each third anti-leakage cuboid metal column is equal to the height of the third anti-leakage cuboid metal column. The height of the hexagonal metal column. In this structure, the energy entering the feeding layer propagates along the third air cavity, and is evenly divided into two paths of energy with the same amplitude and phase, which are respectively sent to the second gap waveguide coupling layer. The eighth cuboid metal column and the ninth cuboid metal column, which are different and connected, can reduce the return loss caused by the discontinuity of the structure, so that the flat panel array antenna has good broadband transmission characteristics, and this kind of feeding layer The structure can uniformly feed each radiating element in the radiating layer, can widen the bandwidth of the main mode, and realize the broadband and high-efficiency feeding of the array antenna.

The distance between two adjacent sixth cuboid metal pillars located in the same row is 0.88λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each sixth cuboid metal pillar is 0.68λ, and the front side is 0.68λ. The distance from the wall to the rear side wall is 0.17λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.09λ; The distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column is 0.2λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.09λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.25λ; The distance from the plane where the left side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar in row 1 and column 1 is located to the plane where the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar in row 1, column 1 is located is 0.16λ. The distance from the plane where the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column is located to the plane where the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column in row 1 and column 2 is located is 0.16λ. The spacing between the eight cuboid metal pillars is 0.9λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each of the eighth cuboid metal pillars is 0.31λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.11λ, and the upper The distance from the side wall to the lower side wall is 0.1λ; the distance between two adjacent ninth cuboid metal pillars located in the same row is 0.35λ, and the left side wall of each ninth cuboid metal pillar is The distance to the right side wall is 0.28λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.11λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.14λ; the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located in the The right side of the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in row 1, column 1, the distance between the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block and the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal pillar in row 1, column 1, and column 1 is: 0.16λ, the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located on the left side of the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1st row, the 2nd column, and the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block to the 1st row The distance between the right side walls of the ninth cuboid metal column in the second row is 0.16λ, the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located is to the plane where the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal block is located The distance is equal to the distance from the plane where the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located to the plane where the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal block is located, and the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block to the right The distance from the side wall is 0.6λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.52λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.08λ; the plane where the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located is The distance between the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located is 0.4λ, and the plane where the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located is to the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block. The distance of the plane is equal to the distance from the plane where the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located to the plane where the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located, and the left side of the second rectangular metal block The distance from the wall to the right side wall is 0.11λ, and the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.35λ , the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.14λ.

Compared with the prior art, the advantage of the present invention lies in that the radiation element sub-array layer, the first gap waveguide coupling layer and the second gap waveguide coupling layer are arranged in order from top to bottom to form the radiation layer, and the radiation element sub-array layer It includes a first flat plate and a radiation array arranged on the first flat plate. The first flat plate is a rectangular plate. The radiation array is formed by 16 radiation units distributed in 4 rows and 4 columns. The first rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity are stacked from top to bottom on the flat plate, the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity are on the same plane, and the rear side wall of the first rectangular cavity The rear side walls of the two rectangular cavities are on the same plane, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular cavity to its right side wall is greater than the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity to its right side wall, and the upper side of the first rectangular cavity The wall is flush with the upper side wall of the first flat plate, the lower side wall of the second rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the first flat plate, the centers of the first rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity are located on the same line, the The straight line is used as the centerline of the radiation unit. If the radiation unit is rotated 45 degrees counterclockwise around its centerline, the plane where the front sidewall of the first rectangular cavity is located will be parallel to the plane where the front sidewall of the first plate is located; the first gap waveguide coupling There is a first air cavity inside the layer, which can couple the energy sent into it into the first air cavity and then divide the energy into two paths, effectively suppressing the cross-polarization and then evenly coupling into the radiation array, and the radiation array rotates 45 degrees, the direction of the electric field of the antenna can be rotated by 45 degrees, so as to optimize the directions of the E and H surfaces and achieve low side lobes; the second gap waveguide coupling layer has a second air cavity inside, which can transmit the energy sent into it. After being evenly coupled into the second air cavity, it is divided into four paths of energy with the same amplitude and phase, and is sent into the first gap waveguide coupling layer; the feeding layer has a third air cavity. The three air cavities propagate, and are evenly divided into two paths of energy with the same amplitude and phase, respectively, and sent to the second gap waveguide coupling layer. The invention applies the gap waveguide technology to the design of the array antenna, which overcomes the high profile and large volume of the rectangular waveguide. , The shortcomings of high processing and assembly requirements and high cost, and rotating the radiation array by 45 degrees can rotate the polarization direction of the electric field generated by the array antenna, reduce the side lobes of the E-plane pattern and the H-plane pattern, so as to achieve low Sidelobe, in terms of structure, the radiation layer adopts two layers of gap waveguide coupling layers, which solves the problem of structural asymmetry caused by the rotation of the radiation array by 45 degrees, which can make the phase and amplitude distribution of energy more uniform, and significantly improve the The gain and aperture efficiency of the array antenna, so the present invention has higher gain and efficiency and lower processing cost on the basis of having low side lobes.

Description of drawings

1 is a perspective view of a broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

2 is a top view of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

3 is an exploded view of a first gap waveguide coupling layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

4 is a partial top view of the first gap waveguide coupling layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

5 is a side view of the first gap waveguide coupling layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

6 is an exploded view of the second gap waveguide coupling layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

7 is a partial top view of the second gap waveguide coupling layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

8 is a side view of the second gap waveguide coupling layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

9 is an exploded view of the feed layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

10 is a partial top view of the feed layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a side view of the feed layer of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is the reflection coefficient simulation curve diagram of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

13 is an H-plane pattern of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is an E-plane pattern of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a simulation curve diagram of the efficiency and gain of the wide-band gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment: As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a wide-band gap waveguide array antenna includes a radiating layer and a feeding layer stacked in order from top to bottom, and the feeding layer is used to convert a single-channel TE10 mode into multiple The TE10 mode signals with the same power and the same phase are transmitted to the radiation layer. The radiation layer is used to radiate the multi-channel TE10 mode signals from the feeding layer to the free space. The radiation element sub-array layer, the first gap waveguide coupling layer and the second gap waveguide coupling layer are arranged in sequence. The radiation element sub-array layer includes a first flat plate 1 and a radiation array 2 arranged on the first flat plate 1. The first The flat plate 1 is a rectangular plate, and the radiation array 2 is formed by 16 radiation units 3 distributed in a manner of 4 rows×4 columns, and each radiation unit 3 respectively includes a first rectangular plate stacked from top to bottom on the first flat plate 1 . Cavity 4 and the second rectangular cavity 5, the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 are in the same plane, the rear side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 and the rear side of the second rectangular cavity 5 The walls are on the same plane, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 to its right side wall is greater than the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 to its right side wall, and the upper side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 is connected to the first rectangular cavity 4. The upper side wall of a flat plate 1 is flush, the lower side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 is flush with the lower side wall of the first flat plate 1, the centers of the first rectangular cavity 4 and the second rectangular cavity 5 are located on the same straight line, Taking this straight line as the center line of the radiation unit 3, if the radiation unit 3 is rotated 45 degrees counterclockwise around its center line, the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 is located will be parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the first flat panel 1 is located. There is a first air cavity 6 inside the first gap waveguide coupling layer, which can couple the energy sent into it into the first air cavity 6 and then divide the energy into two paths, effectively suppressing the uniform coupling after cross-polarization In the radiation array 2, the radiation array 2 is rotated by 45 degrees, which can rotate the direction of the electric field of the antenna by 45 degrees, thereby optimizing the pattern of the E-plane and the H-plane to achieve low side lobes; the second gap waveguide coupling layer has a second air inside Cavity 7, which can evenly couple the energy sent into it into the second air cavity 7 and then divide it into four paths of energy with the same amplitude and phase, and send it into the first gap waveguide coupling layer; the feeding layer has a third air cavity 8. After the energy is input into the feeding layer, it propagates along the third air cavity 8, and is evenly divided into two paths of energy with the same amplitude and phase, respectively, and sent to the second gap waveguide coupling layer.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 , the first gap waveguide coupling layer includes a first rectangular metal plate 9 , a first rectangular metal ground plate 10 , and a first rectangular metal plate 9 and the first rectangular metal connection For the first gap waveguide structure between the floors 10 , the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9 is completely overlapped and connected to the lower side wall of the first flat plate 1 , and 16 third rectangular cavities 11 are opened on the first rectangular metal plate 9 , 16 third rectangular cavities 11 are distributed in 4 rows×4 columns, the upper side wall of each third rectangular cavity 11 is flush with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9, and each third rectangular cavity 11 The lower side wall of the radiator is flush with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9, the 16 third rectangular cavities 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the second rectangular cavities 5 in the 16 radiation units 3, and the corresponding one third In the rectangular cavity 11 and a second rectangular cavity 5, the front side wall of the third rectangular cavity 11 and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 are located on the same plane, and the rear side wall of the third rectangular cavity 11 and the second rectangular cavity 5 are in the same plane. The rear sidewall of the third rectangular cavity 11 is located in the same plane, the left side wall of the third rectangular cavity 11 and the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 are located in the same plane, the right side wall of the third rectangular cavity 11 and the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 are located in the same plane. Located on the same plane, the first rectangular metal ground plate 10 is located below the first rectangular metal plate 9 with a distance therebetween, and eight fourth rectangular cavities 12 are opened on the first rectangular metal ground plate 10, each of which is a fourth rectangular cavity 12. The upper side wall of the rectangular cavity 12 is flush with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 , and the lower side wall of each fourth rectangular cavity 12 is flush with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 . Eight The fourth rectangular cavities 12 are formed at intervals in a manner of 2 rows×4 columns. The plane where the front side wall of each fourth rectangular cavity 12 is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 is located, and is located in the first The distance between the plane where the front side walls of the four fourth rectangular cavities 12 in the row are located and the plane where the front side walls of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 are located is equal to the distance between the rear side walls of the four fourth rectangular cavities 12 located in the second row The distance between the plane and the plane where the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 is located, the plane where the left side walls of the two fourth rectangular cavities 12 located in the first column are located and the left side of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 The distance between the planes where the walls are located is equal to the distance between the plane where the right side walls of the two fourth rectangular cavities 12 located in the fourth column are located and the plane where the right side walls of the first rectangular metal ground plate 10 are located; the first gap waveguide structure It includes a first cuboid metal column group, a first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block group and a second cuboid metal column group. The first cuboid metal column group is spaced by 10 first cuboid metal column units 13 in a manner of 2 rows×5 columns Arranged and formed on the first rectangular metal ground plate 10, each first cuboid metal column unit 13 is formed by three first cuboid metal columns 14 arranged at intervals in a manner of 3 rows×1 column, and each first cuboid metal column The plane where the front side wall of the column 14 is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate 10 is located, and the lower side wall of each first cuboid metal column 14 is attached to the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate 10 even Then, there is a distance between the upper side wall of each first cuboid metal column 14 and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9, and there is a distance between every two adjacent first cuboid metal column units 13 in the same row. The fourth rectangular cavity 12 is located in the same row of the adjacent two first cuboid metal column units 13 relative to the plane of the symmetry plane of the fourth rectangular cavity 12 between the two first cuboid metal column units 13 along the front-rear direction. Left and right symmetry, the symmetry planes of the five first cuboid metal column units 13 located in the first row along the left and right directions coincide with the symmetry planes of the four fourth rectangular cavities 12 located in the first row along the left and right directions, The symmetry planes of the first cuboid metal column units 13 in the left and right directions coincide with the symmetry planes of the four fourth rectangular cavities 12 located in the second row in the left and right directions; The right isosceles right triangle metal block units are formed on the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10 by being arranged at intervals in a manner of 2 rows×4 columns, and each first isosceles right triangle metal block unit consists of two first isosceles right triangle metal blocks 15, the 8 first isosceles right triangle metal block units are in one-to-one correspondence with the eight fourth rectangular cavities 12, the corresponding first isosceles right triangle metal block units and the fourth rectangular cavity 12, the first isosceles right angle The two first isosceles right triangle metal blocks 15 of the triangular metal block unit are located on the front side and the rear side of the fourth rectangular cavity 12 respectively, and the two first isosceles right triangle metal blocks 15 are relative to the fourth rectangular cavity 12 . The center line is center-symmetrical, and one right-angled face of the first isosceles right-angled triangular metal block 15 located on the front side of the fourth rectangular cavity 12 faces forward and is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9 is located, and the other right-angled face is To the left and parallel to the plane of the left side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9, the rear of the other right-angled surface enters between the adjacent two first rectangular parallelepiped metal column units 13, and each first isosceles right triangle metal The lower side wall of the block 15 is attached and connected to the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate 10, and the height of each first isosceles right triangle metal block 15 is equal to the height of the first cuboid metal pillar 14; the second cuboid metal pillar The group includes 11 second cuboid metal pillars 16 arranged on the first rectangular metal ground plate 10 in a manner of 1 row×11 columns, and the second cuboid metal pillar group is located between two rows of first isosceles right triangle metal block units , and the distances to the first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block units in the two rows are equal, the plane of the left side wall of the second cuboid metal column 16 located in the first row and the first column is located in the first row of the first cuboid metal column unit 13. On the left side of the plane where the left side is located, the plane where the right side wall of the second cuboid metal column 16 located in the 1st row and the 11th column is located on the right side of the plane where the right side of the first cuboid metal column unit 13 is located in the fifth row. The lower sidewalls of the second cuboid metal pillars 16 are attached to the upper sidewall of the first rectangular metal ground plate 10, and the height of each second cuboid metal pillar 16 is equal to the height of the first cuboid metal pillar 14; A cuboid metal column 14, each second cuboid metal column 16. A first air cavity 6 is formed between the plane where the upper side wall of each first isosceles right-angled triangular metal block 15 is located and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9. A plurality of first anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars 17 for energy leakage, the plurality of first anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars 17 are distributed at intervals, and the plane where the front side of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar 17 is located is parallel to the first rectangular metal plate 9 The plane of the front side of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column 17 is attached to the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate 10, and the height of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column 17 is equal to the first The height of a rectangular parallelepiped metal column 14 .

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6-8 , the second gap waveguide coupling layer includes a second rectangular metal plate 18 , a second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 , and is disposed on the second rectangular metal plate 18 and the second rectangular metal grounding plate For the second gap waveguide structure between There are 8 fifth rectangular cavities 20 opened on the top, and the 8 fifth rectangular cavities 20 are distributed in a manner of 2 rows×4 columns. The upper side wall of each fifth rectangular cavity 20 is connected to the upper side of the second rectangular metal plate 18 The walls are flush, the lower side wall of each fifth rectangular cavity 20 is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate 18 , the eight fifth rectangular cavities 20 are in one-to-one correspondence with the eight fourth rectangular cavities 12 , and In a corresponding fifth rectangular cavity 20 and a fourth rectangular cavity 12, the front side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity 20 and the front side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity 12 are located on the same plane, and the rear side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity 20 is on the same plane. The rear side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity 12 is located on the same plane, the left side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity 20 is located on the same plane as the left side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity 12, and the right side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity 20 is located on the same plane as the fourth rectangular cavity 20. The right side wall of the cavity 12 is located on the same plane, and two sixth rectangular cavities 21 are opened on the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19. The two sixth rectangular cavities 21 are formed in a manner of 1 row×2 columns. The front side wall of the rectangular cavity 21 is parallel to the front side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate 19, the upper side wall of each sixth rectangular cavity 21 is flush with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate 19, and each sixth rectangular cavity 21 is flush with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate 19. The lower side walls of the six rectangular cavities 21 are flush with the lower side walls of the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 , and each sixth rectangular cavity 21 is provided with a first rectangular ridge 22 and a second rectangular ridge 23 respectively. The front side wall of 22 is attached and connected to the front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 , and the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22 to the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 is equal to the right side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22 The distance to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21, the rear side wall of the second rectangular ridge 23 is connected to the rear side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21, and the left side wall of the second rectangular ridge 23 is connected to the sixth rectangular cavity The distance from the left side wall of the 21 is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the second rectangular ridge 23 to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21. The lengths in the direction are also equal, the sum of the lengths of the first rectangular ridge 22 and the second rectangular ridge 23 in the front-rear direction is smaller than the length of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the front-rear direction, and the upper sides of the first rectangular ridge 22 and the second rectangular ridge 23 The walls are flush with the upper side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21, and the lower side walls of the first rectangular ridge 22 and the second rectangular ridge 23 are flush with the lower side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21; the second gap waveguide structure includes The third cuboid metal pillar group, the fourth cuboid metal pillar group, and the fifth cuboid metal pillar group, the third cuboid metal pillar group consists of three third cuboid metal pillar units 24, which are arranged at intervals in the first row by 3 columns. Two rectangular metal ground plates 19 are formed, each third long The cuboid metal column unit 24 is formed by five third cuboid metal columns 25 arranged at intervals in a manner of 5 rows×1 column. The plane where the front side wall of each third cuboid metal column 25 is located is connected to the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 . The plane of the front side wall of each third cuboid metal column 25 is in contact with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate 19, and the upper side wall of each third cuboid metal column 25 There is a distance between the lower side walls of the two rectangular metal plates 18, and there is a sixth rectangular cavity 21 between two adjacent third cuboid metal column units 24 in the same row. The two adjacent third cuboid metal columns The symmetry plane of the unit 24 in the left-right direction and the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the left-right direction are located on the same plane, and the two adjacent third cuboid metal column units 24 are symmetrical with respect to the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the front-rear direction. The plane on which the plane is located is left-right symmetrical, and the fourth cuboid metal pillar group includes four fourth cuboid metal pillars 26 , and the four fourth cuboid metal pillars 26 are arranged at intervals on the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 in the manner of 2 rows×2 columns. , the plane where the front side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column 26 is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate 19 is located, and the lower side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column 26 is parallel to the second rectangular metal ground plate The upper side walls of 19 are attached and connected, and there is a distance between the upper side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column 26 and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate 18, and the two fourth cuboid metal columns 26 located in the same row There is a sixth rectangular cavity 21 therebetween, and the plane of the symmetry plane of the two fourth cuboid metal pillars 26 in the same row in the front-rear direction coincides with the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the front-rear direction, and the The two fourth cuboid metal pillars 26 located in the same column are left-right symmetrical with respect to the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 along the left-right direction, and the fifth cuboid metal pillar group consists of two fifth cuboid metal pillar units in one row. It is formed on the second rectangular metal ground plate 19 in a manner of 2 columns at intervals, and each fifth cuboid metal column unit is formed by 2 fifth cuboid metal columns 27 arranged at intervals in a manner of 1 row x 2 columns. The plane where the front side walls of the fifth cuboid metal pillars 27 are located is parallel to the plane where the front side walls of the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 are located, and the lower sidewall of each fifth cuboid metal pillar 27 is parallel to the plane of the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 . The upper side walls are attached and connected, there is a distance between the upper side wall of each fifth cuboid metal pillar 27 and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate 18, and the fifth cuboid metal pillar unit in the first row is located in the first row Between the third cuboid metal column unit 24 and the third cuboid metal column unit 24 in the second column, the two fifth cuboid metal columns 27 of the fifth cuboid metal column unit in the first column are respectively located in the sixth column of the first column. The left and right sides of the rectangular cavity 21 have a left-right symmetrical structure with respect to the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the first column along the front-rear direction, and relative to the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the first column along the left-right direction The plane in which it is located is in a front-to-back symmetrical structure; the second The fifth cuboid metal column unit of the column is located between the third cuboid metal column unit 24 of the second column and the third cuboid metal column unit 24 of the third column, and the two fifth The cuboid metal pillars 27 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the second row, and have a left-right symmetrical structure with respect to the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 in the second row along the front-rear direction. The plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 along the left-right direction is a front-to-back symmetrical structure; the upper side walls of each of the third cuboid metal column 25, the fourth cuboid metal column 26 and the fifth cuboid metal column 27 are located on the same plane and this A second air cavity 7 is formed between the plane and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate 18 ; the second gap waveguide structure is surrounded by a plurality of second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars 28 for preventing energy leakage, and a plurality of second The anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars 28 are distributed at intervals, the plane where the front side of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar 28 is located is parallel to the plane on which the front side of the second rectangular metal plate 18 is located, and the lower part of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar 28 The side wall is attached to the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 , and the height of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar 28 is equal to the height of the third cuboid metal pillar 25 .

In this embodiment, the distance between the centerlines of two adjacent radiation units 3 in the same row is 0.78λ, and the distance between the centerlines of two adjacent radiation units 3 in the same column is 0.78λ, λ=c/ f, c is the wave speed, c=3*10^8m/s, f is the center operating frequency of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna, the distance from the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 to its rear side wall is 0.7λ, the first The distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of a rectangular cavity 4 is 0.48λ, the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the first rectangular cavity 4 is 0.16 λ, and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 to the rear The distance between the side walls is 0.7λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 is 0.24λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the second rectangular cavity 5 is 0.07λ; The center-to-center distance between two adjacent third rectangular cavities 11 is 0.78λ, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent third rectangular cavities 11 located in the same column is 0.78λ, and the center-to-center distance between two adjacent fourth rectangular cavities 12 located in the same row The center-to-center spacing between them is 0.78λ, the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent fourth rectangular cavities 12 in the same column is 1.56λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity 12 is 0.65λ, and the front The distance from the side wall to the rear side wall is 0.21λ; the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each first cuboid metal column 14 is 0.17λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.13λ, and the height is 0.15 λ, in the first cuboid metal column unit 13, the distance between two adjacent first cuboid metal columns 14 is 0.17λ, and in the first cuboid metal column group, two adjacent first cuboid metal columns located in the same row are The spacing between the units 13 is 0.65λ, and the spacing between two adjacent first cuboid metal column units 13 in the same column is 1.4λ; the length of the two right-angled sides of each first isosceles right triangle metal block 15 is 0.26 λ, the height of the first isosceles right triangle metal block unit is 0.15λ, located in each first isosceles right triangle metal block unit in row 1, on the front side of the first isosceles right triangle metal block 15 on the front side The distance between the plane and the plane of the front side of each first cuboid metal column unit 13 located in the first row is 0.17λ, located in each first isosceles right triangle metal block unit in the second row, the The distance between the plane where the front side of an isosceles right-angled triangular metal block 15 is located and the plane where the front side of each first rectangular parallelepiped metal column unit 13 located in the second row is located is 0.17λ. In the triangular metal block unit, the distance between the plane where the left side of the first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block 15 is located on the front side and the plane where the right side of the first cuboid metal column unit 13 is located closest to the left is 0.12 λ, the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block groups located in the same row is 0.78λ, and the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent first isosceles right-angled triangle metal block groups located in the same column is 1.57 λ; the front side wall of each second cuboid metal column 16 to its The distance from the rear side wall is 0.11λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.17λ, the height is 0.15λ, and the center distance between two adjacent second cuboid metal pillars 16 in the same row is 0.31λ, located in the same row. The distance between the plane where the left side wall of the second cuboid metal pillar 16 in the first row and the first column is located and the plane where the left side of the first cuboid metal pillar unit 13 in the first row is located is 0.01λ. The distance between the planes where the right side wall of the second cuboid metal column 16 is located in the fifth row is 0.01λ. Each first cuboid metal column 14, each The distance between the second rectangular parallelepiped metal column 16 and the plane where the upper side wall of each first isosceles right triangle metal is located and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate 9 is 0.1λ. The center-to-center spacing between the rectangular cavities 20 is 0.78λ, the center-to-center spacing between two adjacent fifth rectangular cavities 20 in the same column is 1.56λ, and the center-to-center spacing between the two sixth rectangular cavities 21 is 1.56λ. The distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 is 0.68λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.31λ, and the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22 is 0.03 λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.03λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each third cuboid metal column 25 is 0.2λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.15λ, The height is 0.16λ. In the third cuboid metal column unit 24, the distance between two adjacent third cuboid metal columns 25 is 0.11λ. In the third cuboid metal column group, two adjacent third The spacing between the cuboid metal column units 24 is 1.41λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column 26 is 0.31λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.14λ, and the height is 0.16λ , the distance between the two fourth cuboid metal pillars 26 in the same column is 1.22λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each fifth cuboid metal pillar 27 is 0.14λ, and the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.14λ. The distance is 0.14λ, and the height is 0.16λ. In the fifth cuboid metal column group, the center-to-center spacing of two fifth cuboid metal column units is 1.07λ. The distance between the plane where the right side wall of each third cuboid metal pillar unit 24 is located and the left side wall of the fourth cuboid metal pillar 26 located closest to the right side is 0.79λ, and the front side wall of the third cuboid metal pillar unit 24 is located The plane is located on the rear side of the plane where the front side wall of the fourth cuboid metal column 26 in the first row is located, and the distance between the two is 0.05λ. The distance between the plane where the upper side wall of the rectangular metal column is located and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate 18 is 0.1λ.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 9-11 , a rectangular metal plate 29 , a third rectangular metal ground plate 30 and a third gap waveguide structure disposed between the third rectangular metal plate 29 and the third rectangular metal ground plate 30 , the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29 is completely overlapped and connected with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate 19 in the second gap waveguide coupling layer, and two seventh rectangular cavities are opened on the third rectangular metal plate 29 31. The two seventh rectangular cavities 31 are distributed in a manner of 1 row×2 columns, the upper side wall of each seventh rectangular cavity 31 is flush with the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29, and each seventh rectangular cavity 31 is flush with the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29. The lower side wall of the cavity 31 is flush with the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29 , and each seventh rectangular cavity 31 is provided with a third rectangular ridge 32 and a fourth rectangular ridge 33 respectively. The side wall is connected to the front side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31, and the distance from the left side wall of the third rectangular ridge 32 to the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the third rectangular ridge 32 to the seventh The distance from the right side wall of the rectangular cavity 31, the rear side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge 33 is connected to the rear side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31, and the left side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge 33 is connected to the left side of the seventh rectangular cavity 31. The distance of the side wall is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge 33 to the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31, the lengths of the third rectangular ridge 32 and the fourth rectangular ridge 33 in the left-right direction are equal, and the lengths in the front-rear direction Also equal, the sum of the lengths of the third rectangular ridge 32 and the fourth rectangular ridge 33 in the front-rear direction is less than the length of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 in the front-rear direction, and the upper side walls of the third rectangular ridge 32 and the fourth rectangular ridge 33 are both the same as The upper side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 is flush, and the lower side walls of the third rectangular ridge 32 and the fourth rectangular ridge 33 are flush with the lower side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31; the two seventh rectangular cavities 31 and 2 The sixth rectangular cavities 21 are connected in one-to-one correspondence, and in the corresponding seventh rectangular cavity 31 and the sixth rectangular cavity 21 , the front side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 and the front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 are located at On the same plane, the rear side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 and the rear side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 are located on the same plane, the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 and the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 are located on the same plane. The right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity 31 and the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity 21 are on the same plane, the left side wall of the third rectangular ridge 32 is on the same plane as the left side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22, and the third rectangular ridge 32 The right side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22 is in the same plane as the right side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22, the rear side wall of the third rectangular ridge 32 is in the same plane as the rear side wall of the first rectangular ridge 22, and the left side wall of the second rectangular ridge 23 is in the same plane. The left side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge 33 is on the same plane, the right side wall of the second rectangular ridge 23 is on the same plane as the right side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge 33, and the front side wall of the second rectangular ridge 23 is on the same plane as the second rectangular ridge 23. The front sidewalls of the ridges 23 are located on the same plane; the third gap waveguide structure includes a sixth cuboid metal column group, a seventh cuboid metal column group, an eighth cuboid metal column group, a ninth cuboid metal column group, and a first rectangular metal block 34 and the second rectangular metal block 35; the sixth cuboid The metal pillar group is formed by 2 sixth cuboid metal pillars 36 arranged on the third rectangular metal ground plate 30 at intervals in a manner of 1 row×2 columns. The upper side walls of the metal ground plate 30 are attached and connected, and there is a distance between the upper side wall of each sixth cuboid metal column 36 and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29 , and each sixth cuboid metal column 36 has a distance. The plane where the front side wall is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate 30 is located; the seventh cuboid metal column group is located at the rear side of the sixth cuboid metal column group, and the seventh cuboid metal column group consists of two seventh cuboid The metal pillars 37 are formed on the third rectangular metal grounding plate 30 in a manner of 1 row×2 columns. The left side wall of the sixth cuboid metal pillar 36 in the row is in the same plane, the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar 37 located in the first row and the second column and the sixth cuboid metal pillar 36 located in the first row and the second column. The right side wall is on the same plane, the plane where the front side wall of each seventh cuboid metal column 37 is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal ground plate 30 is located, and the length of the seventh cuboid metal column 37 in the left-right direction is smaller than that of the third rectangular metal column 37. The length of the six rectangular parallelepiped metal pillars 36 along the left-right direction; there is a distance between the upper sidewall of each seventh rectangular parallelepiped metal pillar 37 and the lower sidewall of the third rectangular metal plate 29, and the upper sidewall of the seventh rectangular parallelepiped metal pillar 37 The distance to the lower side wall is greater than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the sixth cuboid metal pillar 36; the eighth cuboid metal pillar group is located at the rear side of the sixth cuboid metal pillar group, and the eighth cuboid metal pillar group consists of two The eighth rectangular parallelepiped metal pillars 38 are formed on the third rectangular metal grounding plate 30 by being spaced apart in a manner of 1 row×2 columns. On the front side of the plane where the wall is located, the plane on which the left side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column 38 in the first row and the first column is located is located on the right side of the plane on which the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column 37 in the first row and first column is located. side, the plane on which the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 in row 1 and column 2 is located is located on the left side of the plane on which the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar 37 in row 1 and column 2 is located. There is a distance between the upper side wall of the eight cuboid metal pillar 38 and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29 , and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 is greater than that of the sixth cuboid metal pillar 36 . The distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is smaller than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar 37; They are formed on the third rectangular metal grounding plate 30 in a spaced manner, the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 located in the first row and the first column and the right side of the eighth cuboid metal column 38 located in the first row and the first column. The side walls are connected, and the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 located in the first row and the second column is connected to the eighth cuboid metal column located in the first row and the second column. The left side wall of the column 38 is connected, the plane where the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 is located coincides with the plane where the front side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column 38 is located, and the plane where the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 is located is the same as the plane. The planes on which the rear side walls of the eighth cuboid metal pillars 38 are located overlap, and there is a distance between the upper side wall of each ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate 29 , and the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 has a certain distance. The distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is greater than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 and is smaller than the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar 37; each ninth cuboid The metal pillars 39 are respectively provided with a rectangular notch, the lower side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 located in the first row and the first column is flush with the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39, and the right side wall is flush. flush with the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 , the front side wall is flush with the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 , and the rear side wall is flush with the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column 39 , the lower side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 located in the first row and the second column is flush with the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 , and the left side wall is flush with the left side of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 The side walls are flush, the front side wall is flush with the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 , and the rear side wall is flush with the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 ; the front side of the first rectangular metal block 34 The plane where the wall is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate 30 is located. 34 is embedded in the rectangular openings of the two ninth cuboid metal pillars 39, the upper side walls of the first rectangular metal block 34 are respectively attached to the upper side walls of the rectangular openings of the two ninth cuboid metal pillars 39, and the first rectangular metal The plane where the symmetry plane of the block 34 is located along the left-right direction coincides with the plane where the symmetry planes of the two ninth cuboid metal blocks are located along the left-right direction; The plane of the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is parallel to the plane, the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is connected to the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate 30, and the second rectangular metal block 35 has a rectangular gap, and the rectangular opening is The lower side wall is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 , the left side wall is flush with the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 , and the front side wall is flush with the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 flush, the right side wall is flush with the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35; the first rectangular metal block 34 is embedded in the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block 35, and the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is flush with the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35; The upper side wall of the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block 35 is attached and connected, the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is attached and connected to the rear side wall of the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block 35, and the second rectangular metal block 35 is attached and connected. The plane on which the symmetry plane of the first rectangular metal block 34 in the front-rear direction is located is located on the same plane; each sixth cuboid metal column 36, each The seventh cuboid metal pillar 37 , each eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 , each ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 , the upper side walls of the first rectangular metal block 34 and the second rectangular metal block 35 and the third rectangular metal plate 29 A third air cavity 8 is formed between the lower sidewalls of the third gap waveguide structure; the third gap waveguide structure is surrounded by a plurality of third anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars 40 for preventing energy leakage, and the plurality of third anti-leakage cuboid metal pillars 40 are distributed at intervals , the plane on which the front side of each third anti-leakage cuboid metal column 40 is located is parallel to the plane on which the front side of the third rectangular metal plate 29 is located, and the lower side wall of each third anti-leakage cuboid metal column 40 is connected to the third rectangular metal The upper sidewalls of the floor 30 are attached and connected, and the height of each third anti-leakage cuboid metal pillar 40 is equal to the height of the sixth cuboid metal pillar 36 .

In this embodiment, the distance between two adjacent sixth cuboid metal pillars 36 in the same row is 0.88λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each sixth cuboid metal pillar 36 is 0.68λ, and the front The distance from the side wall to the rear side wall is 0.17λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.09λ; The distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the seven cuboid metal pillar 37 is 0.2λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.09λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.25λ; The distance from the plane where the left side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 in the row is located to the plane where the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar 37 in the first row and first column is located is 0.16λ. The distance from the plane where the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 is located to the plane where the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal pillar 37 in the first row and second column is located is 0.16λ, and two adjacent eighth cuboids located in the same row The spacing between the metal pillars 38 is 0.9λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each eighth cuboid metal pillar 38 is 0.31λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.11λ, and the upper side wall is 0.11λ. The distance between the lower side walls is 0.1λ; the distance between two adjacent ninth cuboid metal pillars 39 in the same row is 0.35λ, and the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each ninth cuboid metal pillar 39 is 0.28λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.11λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.14λ; On the right side of the left side wall of the column 39, the distance between the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 and the left side wall of the ninth rectangular parallelepiped metal column 39 in the first row, the first column 39 is 0.16λ, and the first rectangular metal block 34 The right side wall is located on the left side of the right side wall of the ninth rectangular parallelepiped metal column 39 in the first row, second column, and the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is to the right The distance between the walls is 0.16λ, and the distance from the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is located to the plane where the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal block is located is equal to the plane where the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is located The distance to the plane where the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal block is located, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is 0.6λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.52λ, and the upper side The distance from the wall to the lower side wall is 0.08λ; the distance from the plane where the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 is located to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is located is 0.4λ, and the second rectangular metal block 35 The distance from the plane where the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 is located to the plane where the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is located is equal to the distance from the plane where the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 is located to the plane where the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block 34 is located. The distance between the planes, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block 35 is 0.11λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.35λ, and the distance from the upper side wall to the bottom side wall is 0.35λ. The distance of the side walls is 0.14λ. The broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention is simulated in Ansoft HFSS software, wherein the reflection coefficient simulation curve of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention is shown in Figure 12, and the H The plane pattern is shown in FIG. 13 , and the E plane pattern of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention is shown in FIG. 14 . The efficiency and gain of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention in the entire working frequency band are shown in FIG. 15 . 13 and 14 , the dotted curve represents the cross-polarization of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention at the center frequency, and the solid line curve represents the gain of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention at the center frequency. The dashed curve in FIG. 15 represents the gain of the wideband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention in the entire operating frequency band, and the solid line curve represents the efficiency of the wideband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention in the entire operating frequency band. Analysis of Fig. 12 shows that the working frequency band of the wide-band gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention is 22.5GHz-30.5GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 30%; analysis of Fig. 13 shows that the wide-band gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention has a H at the center frequency. The surface gain is 27dBi, the first side lobe level is -26.2dB, and the cross-polarization is 40dB; it can be seen from the analysis of Fig. 14 that the E-plane gain at the center frequency of the wide-band gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention is 27dBi, and the first pair is 27dBi. The lobe level is -26dB, and the cross-polarization is 40dB; analyzing Fig. 15 shows that the gain of the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention is higher than 25.5dBi in the entire working frequency band, and the efficiency is higher than 60%. It can be seen from the above simulation data that the broadband gap waveguide array antenna of the present invention has high gain and efficiency on the basis of low side lobes.

Claims (6)

1. A broadband gap waveguide array antenna comprises a radiation layer and a feed layer which are stacked from top to bottom, wherein the feed layer is used for converting a single TE10 mode into multiple TE10 mode signals with the same power and the same phase, and transmitting multiple TE10 mode signals to the radiation layer, the radiation layer is used for radiating multiple TE10 mode signals from the feed layer to a free space, the broadband gap waveguide array antenna is characterized in that the radiation layer comprises a radiation element subarray layer, a first gap waveguide coupling layer and a second gap waveguide coupling layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the radiation element subarray layer comprises a first flat plate and a radiation array arranged on the first flat plate, the first flat plate is a rectangular plate, the radiation array is formed by distributing 16 radiation elements in a mode of 4 rows and 4 columns, and each radiation element comprises a first rectangular cavity and a second rectangular cavity which are stacked from top to bottom and are arranged on the first flat plate respectively The front side wall of the first rectangular cavity and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the rear side wall of the first rectangular cavity and the rear side wall of the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular cavity to the right side wall of the first rectangular cavity is larger than the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity to the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity, the upper side wall of the first rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the first flat plate, the lower side wall of the second rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the first flat plate, the centers of the first rectangular cavity and the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same straight line, the straight line is taken as the center line of the radiation unit, if the radiation unit rotates 45 degrees anticlockwise around the central line of the radiation unit, the plane of the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity is parallel to the plane of the front side wall of the first flat plate; the first gap waveguide coupling layer is internally provided with a first air cavity, energy fed into the first air cavity can be coupled into the first air cavity and then divided into two paths, cross polarization is effectively inhibited and then the two paths of energy are uniformly coupled into the radiation array, the radiation array rotates by 45 degrees, the electric field direction of the antenna can rotate by 45 degrees, and therefore directional diagrams of an E surface and an H surface are optimized, and low side lobes are achieved; the second air cavity is arranged in the second gap waveguide coupling layer, and the energy fed into the second air cavity can be uniformly coupled into the second air cavity and then divided into four paths of energy with consistent amplitude and phase and fed into the first gap waveguide coupling layer; the feed layer is provided with a third air cavity, and after energy is input into the feed layer, the energy is propagated along the third air cavity, and is uniformly divided into two paths of energy with consistent amplitude and phase, and the two paths of energy are respectively sent to the second gap waveguide coupling layer;

the first gap waveguide coupling layer comprises a first rectangular metal plate, a first rectangular metal ground plate and a first gap waveguide structure arranged between the first rectangular metal plate and the first rectangular metal ground plate, the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal plate is completely overlapped and connected with the lower side wall of the first flat plate, 16 third rectangular cavities are formed in the first rectangular metal plate, 16 third rectangular cavities are distributed according to a 4-row-by-4-column mode, the upper side wall of each third rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal plate, the lower side wall of each third rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate, 16 third rectangular cavities are correspondingly communicated with the second rectangular cavities in the 16 radiation units one by one, and one corresponding third rectangular cavity and one corresponding second rectangular cavity are arranged in the third rectangular cavity, the front side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the rear side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the rear side wall of the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the left side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the left side wall of the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the right side wall of the third rectangular cavity and the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the first rectangular metal grounding plate is positioned below the first rectangular metal plate and has a distance therebetween, the first rectangular metal grounding plate is provided with 8 fourth rectangular cavities, the upper side wall of each fourth rectangular cavity and the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate are flush, the lower side wall of each fourth rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate, and 8 fourth rectangular cavities are formed in a 2-row-by-4-column manner in a spacing distribution manner, the plane of the front side wall of each fourth rectangular cavity is parallel to the plane of the front side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate, the distance between the plane of the front side wall of the 4 fourth rectangular cavities in the 1 st row and the plane of the front side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate is equal to the distance between the plane of the rear side wall of the 4 fourth rectangular cavities in the 2 nd row and the plane of the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate, and the distance between the plane of the left side wall of the 2 fourth rectangular cavities in the 1 st column and the plane of the left side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate is equal to the distance between the plane of the right side wall of the 2 fourth rectangular cavities in the 4 th column and the plane of the right side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate;

the second gap waveguide coupling layer comprises a second rectangular metal plate, a second rectangular metal ground plate and a second gap waveguide structure arranged between the second rectangular metal plate and the second rectangular metal ground plate, the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal plate is completely overlapped and connected with the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate in the first gap waveguide coupling layer, 8 fifth rectangular cavities are formed in the second rectangular metal plate, the 8 fifth rectangular cavities are distributed and formed according to a 2-row-by-4-column mode, the upper side wall of each fifth rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, the lower side wall of each fifth rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, the 8 fifth rectangular cavities are correspondingly communicated with the 8 fourth rectangular cavities one by one, and one corresponding fifth rectangular cavity and one corresponding fourth cavity are arranged in the fifth rectangular cavity and the fourth cavity, the front side wall of a fifth rectangular cavity and the front side wall of a fourth rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the rear side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity and the rear side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the left side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity and the left side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, the right side wall of the fifth rectangular cavity and the right side wall of the fourth rectangular cavity are positioned on the same plane, 2 sixth rectangular cavities are formed in the second rectangular metal grounding plate, the two sixth rectangular cavities are distributed and formed according to a mode of 1 row multiplied by 2 columns, the front side wall of each sixth rectangular cavity is parallel to the front side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, the upper side wall of each sixth rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, the lower side wall of each sixth rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, and a first rectangular ridge and a second rectangular ridge are respectively arranged in each sixth rectangular cavity, the front side wall of the first rectangular ridge is in fit connection with the front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular ridge to the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the first rectangular ridge to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, the rear side wall of the second rectangular ridge is in fit connection with the rear side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular ridge to the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the second rectangular ridge to the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, the lengths of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge in the left-right direction are equal, the lengths of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge in the front-back direction are also equal, and the sum of the lengths of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge in the front-back direction is smaller than the length of the sixth rectangular cavity in the front-back direction, the upper side walls of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge are flush with the upper side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity, and the lower side walls of the first rectangular ridge and the second rectangular ridge are flush with the lower side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity;

the feed layer comprises a third rectangular metal plate, a third rectangular metal ground plate and a third gap waveguide structure arranged between the third rectangular metal plate and the third rectangular metal ground plate, the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal plate is completely overlapped and connected with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate in the second gap waveguide coupling layer, 2 seventh rectangular cavities are formed in the third rectangular metal plate, the 2 seventh rectangular cavities are distributed and formed according to a mode of 1 row multiplied by 2 columns, the upper side wall of each seventh rectangular cavity is flush with the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, the lower side wall of each seventh rectangular cavity is flush with the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, a third rectangular ridge and a fourth rectangular ridge are respectively arranged in each seventh rectangular cavity, and the front side wall of the third rectangular ridge is attached and connected with the front side wall of the seventh cavity, the distance from the left side wall of the third rectangular ridge to the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the third rectangular ridge to the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, the rear side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge is connected with the rear side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity in a fitting manner, the distance from the left side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge to the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity is equal to the distance from the right side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge to the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, the lengths of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge in the left-right direction are equal, the lengths in the front-back direction are also equal, the sum of the lengths of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge in the front-back direction is smaller than the length of the seventh rectangular cavity in the front-back direction, and the upper rectangular side walls of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge are flush with the upper side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity, the lower side walls of the third rectangular ridge and the fourth rectangular ridge are flush with the lower side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity; 2 the seventh rectangular cavity and 2 of the sixth rectangular cavity are communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and in the corresponding seventh rectangular cavity and a corresponding sixth rectangular cavity, the front side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the front side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, the rear side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the rear side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, the left side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the left side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, the right side wall of the seventh rectangular cavity and the right side wall of the sixth rectangular cavity are located on the same plane, the left side wall of the third rectangular ridge and the left side wall of the first rectangular ridge are located on the same plane, the right side wall of the third rectangular ridge and the right side wall of the first rectangular ridge are located on the same plane, the rear side wall of the third rectangular ridge and the rear side wall of the first rectangular ridge are located on the same plane, the left side wall of the second rectangular ridge and the left side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge are located on the same plane, the right side wall of the second rectangular ridge and the right side wall of the fourth rectangular ridge are located on the same plane, and the front side wall of the second rectangular ridge are located on the same plane.

2. The broadband gap waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first gap waveguide structure comprises a first rectangular metal pillar group, a first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block group and a second rectangular metal pillar group, the first rectangular metal pillar group is formed by 10 first rectangular metal pillar units arranged on the first rectangular metal ground plate at intervals in a manner of 2 rows x 5 columns, each first rectangular metal pillar unit is formed by 3 first rectangular metal pillars arranged in a manner of 3 rows x 1 columns, a plane where a front side wall of each first rectangular metal pillar is located is parallel to a plane where a front side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate is located, a lower side wall of each first rectangular metal pillar is attached to and connected with an upper side wall of the first rectangular metal ground plate, a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each first cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate, one fourth rectangular cavity is reserved between every two adjacent first cuboid metal column units in the same row, the two adjacent first cuboid metal column units in the same row are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the plane of the symmetry plane of the fourth rectangular cavity between the two first cuboid metal column units in the front-back direction, the symmetry plane of the 5 first cuboid metal column units in the 1 st row in the left-right direction coincides with the symmetry plane of the 4 fourth rectangular cavities in the 1 st row in the left-right direction, and the symmetry plane of the 5 first cuboid metal column units in the 2 nd row in the left-right direction coincides with the symmetry plane of the 4 fourth rectangular cavities in the 2 nd row in the left-right direction; the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block group is formed by 8 first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units which are arranged on the first rectangular metal ground plate at intervals in a 2-line-by-4-line mode, each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block unit is composed of two first isosceles right-angle triangular metal blocks, 8 first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units correspond to 8 fourth rectangular cavities one by one, the corresponding first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units and the fourth rectangular cavities are arranged in the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units, the two first isosceles right-angle triangular metal blocks of the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units are respectively located on the front side and the rear side of the fourth rectangular cavity, the two first isosceles right-angle triangular metal blocks are in central symmetry relative to the central line of the fourth rectangular cavity, one right-angle face of the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block located on the front side of the fourth rectangular cavity faces forwards and is parallel to the front side wall of the first rectangular metal plate The other right-angle surface faces to the left and is parallel to the plane where the left side wall of the first rectangular metal plate is located, the rear part of the other right-angle surface enters between two adjacent first cuboid metal column units, the lower side wall of each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block is attached and connected with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate, and the height of each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block is equal to that of the first cuboid metal column; the second cuboid metal column group comprises 11 second cuboid metal columns which are arranged on the first rectangular metal grounding plate in a mode of 1 row by 11 columns, the second cuboid metal column group is positioned between two rows of first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units, the distances from the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units to the two rows of first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block units are equal, the plane of the left side wall of the second cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st row and the 1 st column is positioned on the left side of the plane of the left side surface of the first cuboid metal column unit in the 1 st row, the plane of the right side wall of the second cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st row and the 11 th column is positioned on the right side of the plane of the right side surface of the first cuboid metal column unit in the 5 th row, the lower side wall of each second cuboid metal column is attached and connected with the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate, and the height of each second cuboid metal column is equal to that of the first cuboid metal column; a first air cavity is formed between the plane of the upper side wall of each first rectangular metal column, each second rectangular metal column and each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block and the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal plate, the first gap waveguide structure is surrounded by a plurality of first anti-leakage cuboid metal columns for preventing energy leakage, the first anti-leakage cuboid metal columns are distributed at intervals, the plane of the front side surface of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column is parallel to the plane of the front side surface of the first rectangular metal plate, the lower side wall of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column is attached to the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal grounding plate, and the height of each first anti-leakage cuboid metal column is equal to the height of the first cuboid metal column.

3. The broadband gap waveguide array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the second gap waveguide structure comprises a third rectangular metal pillar group, a fourth rectangular metal pillar group and a fifth rectangular metal pillar group, the third rectangular metal pillar group is formed by 3 third rectangular metal pillar units arranged on the second rectangular metal ground plate at intervals in a 1-row-by-3-column manner, each third rectangular metal pillar unit is formed by 5 third rectangular metal pillars arranged in a 5-row-by-1-column manner, a plane where a front side wall of each third rectangular metal pillar is located is parallel to a plane where a front side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate is located, and a lower side wall of each third rectangular metal pillar is attached to and connected with an upper side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate, a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each third rectangular metal column and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, a sixth rectangular cavity is reserved between two adjacent third rectangular metal column units in the same row, the symmetrical surfaces of the two adjacent third rectangular metal column units in the left-right direction and the symmetrical surfaces of the sixth rectangular cavity in the left-right direction are positioned on the same plane, the two adjacent third rectangular metal column units are symmetrical in the left-right direction relative to the plane of the symmetrical surfaces of the sixth rectangular cavity in the front-back direction, the fourth rectangular metal column group comprises 4 fourth rectangular metal columns, 4 fourth rectangular metal columns are arranged on the second rectangular metal grounding plate at intervals in a 2-row-by-2-column mode, and the plane of the front side wall of each fourth rectangular metal column is parallel to the plane of the front side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, the lower side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column is in fit connection with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal ground plate, a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, a sixth rectangular cavity is reserved between two fourth cuboid metal columns in the same column, the plane of the symmetry plane of the two fourth cuboid metal columns in the same column along the front-back direction is superposed with the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity along the front-back direction, the plane of the symmetry plane of the two fourth cuboid metal columns in the same column relative to the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavity along the left-right direction is in bilateral symmetry, and the fifth cuboid metal column group is formed by arranging 2 fifth cuboid metal column units on the second rectangular metal ground plate at intervals in a mode of 1 row x 2 columns, each fifth cuboid metal column unit is formed by arranging 2 fifth cuboid metal columns at intervals in a 1-line-by-2-line mode, the plane where the front side wall of each fifth cuboid metal column is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate is located, the lower side wall of each fifth cuboid metal column is attached to and connected with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each fifth cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate, the fifth cuboid metal column unit in the 1 st line is located between the third cuboid metal column unit in the 1 st line and the third cuboid metal column unit in the 2 nd line, and the two fifth cuboid metal columns of the fifth cuboid metal column unit in the 1 st line are respectively located on the left side and the right side of the sixth rectangular cavity in the 1 st line, the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavities in the 1 st row along the front-back direction is in a left-right symmetrical structure, and the plane of the symmetry plane of the sixth rectangular cavities in the 1 st row along the left-right direction is in a front-back symmetrical structure; the fifth cuboid metal column units in the 2 nd row are positioned between the third cuboid metal column units in the 2 nd row and the third cuboid metal column units in the 3 rd row, the two fifth cuboid metal columns of the fifth cuboid metal column units in the 2 nd row are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the sixth rectangular cavity in the 2 nd row, the plane of the symmetry plane in the front-back direction relative to the sixth rectangular cavity in the 2 nd row is in a left-right symmetrical structure, and the plane of the symmetry plane in the left-right direction relative to the sixth rectangular cavity in the 2 nd row is in a front-back symmetrical structure; the upper side wall of each of the third rectangular metal column, the fourth rectangular metal column and the fifth rectangular metal column is positioned on the same plane, and a second air cavity is formed between the plane and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate; the periphery of the second gap waveguide structure is surrounded by a plurality of second anti-leakage cuboid metal columns for preventing energy leakage, the plurality of second anti-leakage cuboid metal columns are distributed at intervals, the plane of the front side surface of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal column is parallel to the plane of the front side surface of the second rectangular metal plate, the lower side wall of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal column is attached and connected with the upper side wall of the second rectangular metal grounding plate, and the height of each second anti-leakage cuboid metal column is equal to that of the third cuboid metal column.

4. The wide band gap waveguide array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the center lines of two adjacent radiation elements in the same row is 0.78 λ, the distance between the center lines of two adjacent radiation elements in the same column is 0.78 λ, λ is c/f, c is the wave speed, c is 3 is 10 m/s, f is the central operating frequency of the wide band gap waveguide array antenna, the distance from the front side wall of the first rectangular cavity to the rear side wall thereof is 0.7 lambda, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular cavity to the right side wall thereof is 0.48 lambda, the distance from the upper side wall of the first rectangular cavity to the lower side wall of the first rectangular cavity is 0.16 lambda, the distance from the front side wall of the second rectangular cavity to the rear side wall of the second rectangular cavity is 0.7 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of the second rectangular cavity is 0.24 lambda, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall of the second rectangular cavity is 0.07 lambda; the center distance between two adjacent third rectangular cavities in the same row is 0.78 lambda, the center distance between two adjacent third rectangular cavities in the same column is 0.78 lambda, the center distance between two adjacent fourth rectangular cavities in the same row is 0.78 lambda, the center distance between two adjacent fourth rectangular cavities in the same column is 1.56 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each fourth rectangular cavity is 0.65 lambda, and the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.21 lambda; the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each first cuboid metal column is 0.17 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each first cuboid metal column is 0.13 lambda, the height of each first cuboid metal column unit is 0.15 lambda, the distance between every two adjacent first cuboid metal columns in each first cuboid metal column unit is 0.17 lambda, the distance between every two adjacent first cuboid metal column units in the same row in each first cuboid metal column group is 0.65 lambda, and the distance between every two adjacent first cuboid metal column units in the same column is 1.4 lambda; the length of two right-angle sides of each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block is 0.26 lambda, the height of each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block unit is 0.15 lambda, the distance between the plane of the front side surface of the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block positioned at the front side and the plane of the front side surface of each first cuboid metal column unit positioned at the 1 st row is 0.17 lambda, the distance between the plane of the front side surface of the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block positioned at the front side and the plane of the front side surface of each first cuboid metal column unit positioned at the 2 nd row is 0.17 lambda, the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block unit positioned at the 1 st row is provided, the plane of the left side surface of the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block positioned at the front side and the first cuboid positioned at the nearest position of the left side of the first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block positioned at the 1 st row are provided with the same rectangular metal block The distance between planes of the right side faces of the column units is 0.12 lambda, the center distance between two adjacent first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block groups in the same row is 0.78 lambda, and the center distance between two adjacent first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block groups in the same column is 1.57 lambda; the distance from the front side wall of each second cuboid metal column to the rear side wall thereof is 0.11 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall thereof is 0.17 lambda, the height thereof is 0.15 lambda, the center distance between two adjacent second cuboid metal columns in the same row is 0.31 lambda, the distance between the plane of the left side wall of the second cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the plane of the left side surface of the first cuboid metal column unit in the 1 st row is 0.01 lambda, the distance between the plane of the right side wall of the second cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 11 th row and the plane of the right side surface of the first cuboid metal column unit in the 5 th row is 0.01 lambda, the distance between the plane of the upper side wall of each first cuboid metal column, each second cuboid metal column, each first isosceles right-angle triangular metal block and the lower side wall of the first metal plate is 0.1 lambda, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent fifth rectangular cavities in the same row is 0.78 λ, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent fifth rectangular cavities in the same column is 1.56 λ, the center-to-center distance between two sixth rectangular cavities in the same column is 1.56 λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each sixth rectangular cavity is 0.68 λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.31 λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of the first rectangular ridge is 0.03 λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.03 λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each third rectangular metal pillar is 0.2 λ, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall is 0.15 λ, the height is 0.16 λ, the distance between two adjacent third rectangular metal pillars in the third rectangular metal pillar unit is 0.11 λ, and the distance between two adjacent third rectangular metal pillars in the third rectangular metal pillar unit is 1.41 λ, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column is 0.31 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each fourth cuboid metal column is 0.14 lambda, the height of each fourth cuboid metal column is 0.16 lambda, the distance between two fourth cuboid metal columns in the same column is 1.22 lambda, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall of each fifth cuboid metal column is 0.14 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each fifth cuboid metal column in the fifth cuboid metal column group is 0.14 lambda and the height of each fifth metal column in the fifth cuboid metal column group is 0.16 lambda, the center distance between 2 fifth cuboid metal column units in the fifth cuboid metal column group is 1.07 lambda, the distance between the plane where the right side wall of each third cuboid metal column unit is located and the left side wall of the nearest cuboid metal column on the right side of the fifth metal column unit is 0.79 lambda, the plane where the front side wall of each third cuboid metal column unit is located on the rear side of the plane where the front side wall of the fourth metal column in the row 1, and the distance between the front side wall of the fourth cuboid metal column in the row is 0.05 lambda, and the distance between the plane where the upper side walls of the third cuboid metal column, the fourth cuboid metal column and the fifth cuboid metal column are located and the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal plate is 0.1 lambda.

5. The broadband gap waveguide array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the third gap waveguide structure comprises a sixth rectangular metal pillar set, a seventh rectangular metal pillar set, an eighth rectangular metal pillar set, a ninth rectangular metal pillar set, a first rectangular metal block and a second rectangular metal block; the sixth cuboid metal column group is formed by arranging 2 sixth cuboid metal columns on the third rectangular metal grounding plate at intervals in a 1-row-by-2-column mode, the lower side wall of each sixth cuboid metal column is attached to the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each sixth cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, and the plane where the front side wall of each sixth cuboid metal column is located is parallel to the plane where the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate is located; the seventh cuboid metal column group is positioned at the rear side of the sixth cuboid metal column group, the seventh cuboid metal column group is formed by arranging 2 seventh cuboid metal columns on the third rectangular metal grounding plate at intervals according to the mode of 1 row multiplied by 2 columns, the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st row and the 1 st column and the left side wall of the sixth cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st row and the 1 st column are positioned in the same plane, the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column and the right side wall of the sixth cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column are positioned in the same plane, the plane of the front side wall of each seventh cuboid metal column is parallel to the plane of the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, the length of the seventh cuboid metal column in the left-right direction is smaller than that of the sixth cuboid metal column in the left-right direction; a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each seventh rectangular metal column and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, and the distance from the upper side wall of the seventh rectangular metal column to the lower side wall is greater than the distance from the upper side wall of the sixth rectangular metal column to the lower side wall; the eighth rectangular metal column group is located at the rear side of the sixth rectangular metal column group, the eighth rectangular metal column group is formed by arranging 2 eighth rectangular metal columns on the third rectangular metal grounding plate at intervals according to a 1-row-2-column mode, the plane where the rear side wall of each eighth rectangular metal column is located on the front side of the plane where the front side wall of each seventh rectangular metal column is located, the plane where the left side wall of each eighth rectangular metal column in the 1-row-1-column mode is located on the right side of the plane where the right side wall of each seventh rectangular metal column in the 1-row-1-column mode is located, the plane where the right side wall of each eighth rectangular metal column in the 1-row-2-column mode is located on the left side of the plane where the left side wall of each seventh rectangular metal column in the 1-row-2-column mode is located, and a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each eighth rectangular metal column and the lower side wall of each third rectangular metal plate, the distance from the upper side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column to the lower side wall is greater than the distance from the upper side wall of the sixth cuboid metal column to the lower side wall and is less than the distance from the upper side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column to the lower side wall; the ninth cuboid metal column group is formed by arranging 2 ninth cuboid metal columns on the third rectangular metal grounding plate at intervals in a 1-line multiplied by 2-line mode, the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st-line and the 1 st-line is connected with the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st-line and the 1 st-line, the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st-line and the 2 nd-line is connected with the left side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column positioned in the 1 st-line and the 2 nd-line, the plane where the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column is located is coincided with the plane where the front side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column is located, the plane where the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column is located is coincided with the plane where the rear side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column is located, and a distance is reserved between the upper side wall of each ninth cuboid metal column and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate, the distance from the upper side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column to the lower side wall is greater than the distance from the upper side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column to the lower side wall and is less than the distance from the upper side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column to the lower side wall; each ninth cuboid metal column is provided with a rectangular notch, the lower side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 1 st column is flush with the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, the right side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column is flush with the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, the front side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column is flush with the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, the rear side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column is flush with the lower side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, the left side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column is flush with the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, the front side wall of the rectangular notch of the ninth cuboid metal column is flush with the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column, and the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column is flush with the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column;

the plane of the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block is parallel to the plane of the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal block is attached to the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, the first rectangular metal block is embedded into the rectangular openings of the two ninth rectangular metal columns, the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal block is respectively attached to the upper side walls of the rectangular openings of the two ninth rectangular metal columns, and the plane of the left-right symmetrical surface of the first rectangular metal block coincides with the plane of the left-right symmetrical surface of the 2 ninth rectangular metal blocks; the plane of the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block is parallel to the plane of the front side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, the lower side wall of the first rectangular metal block is attached and connected with the upper side wall of the third rectangular metal grounding plate, the second rectangular metal block is provided with a rectangular notch, the lower side wall of the rectangular opening is flush with the lower side wall of the second rectangular metal block, the left side wall of the rectangular opening is flush with the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block, the front side wall of the rectangular opening is flush with the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block, and the right side wall of the rectangular opening is flush with the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block; the first rectangular metal block is embedded into the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block, the upper side wall of the first rectangular metal block is attached to the upper side wall of the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block, the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal block is attached to the rear side wall of the rectangular opening of the second rectangular metal block, and the plane of the symmetrical surface of the second rectangular metal block in the front-back direction and the plane of the symmetrical surface of the first rectangular metal block in the front-back direction are located on the same plane;

a third air cavity is formed between the upper side walls of each sixth rectangular metal column, each seventh rectangular metal column, each eighth rectangular metal column, each ninth rectangular metal column, the first rectangular metal block and the second rectangular metal block and the lower side wall of the third rectangular metal plate; third clearance waveguide structure around encircle a plurality of third leakage prevention cuboid metal columns that are used for preventing energy leakage, a plurality of third leakage prevention cuboid metal column interval distribution, every third leakage prevention cuboid metal column's leading flank place plane is on a parallel with the leading flank place plane of third rectangle metal sheet, every third leakage prevention cuboid metal column's lower lateral wall with the last lateral wall laminating of third rectangle metal ground plate be connected, every third leakage prevention cuboid metal column highly equal to the height of sixth cuboid metal column.

6. The wide band gap waveguide array antenna according to claim 5, wherein the distance between two adjacent sixth rectangular metal posts in the same row is 0.88 λ, the distance from the left sidewall to the right sidewall of each sixth rectangular metal post is 0.68 λ, the distance from the front sidewall to the rear sidewall is 0.17 λ, and the distance from the upper sidewall to the lower sidewall is 0.09 λ; the distance between every two adjacent seventh cuboid metal columns in the same row is 1.85 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each seventh cuboid metal column is 0.2 lambda, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.09 lambda, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.25 lambda; the distance from the plane where the left side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 1 st column is located to the plane where the right side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 1 st column is located is 0.16 lambda, the distance from the plane where the right side wall of the eighth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column is located to the plane where the left side wall of the seventh cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column is located is 0.16 lambda, the distance between every two adjacent eighth cuboid metal columns in the same row is 0.9 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each eighth cuboid metal column is 0.31 lambda, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.11 lambda, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.1 lambda; the distance between every two adjacent ninth cuboid metal columns in the same row is 0.35 lambda, the distance from the left side wall to the right side wall of each ninth cuboid metal column is 0.28 lambda, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.11 lambda, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.14 lambda; the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block is positioned on the right side of the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 1 st column, the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block to the left side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 1 st column is 0.16 lambda, the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block is positioned on the left side of the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column, the distance from the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block to the right side wall of the ninth cuboid metal column in the 1 st row and the 2 nd column is 0.16 lambda, the distance from the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block is positioned to the plane where the front side wall of the ninth cuboid metal block is positioned is equal to the distance from the plane where the rear side wall of the first rectangular metal block is positioned to the plane where the rear side wall of the ninth cuboid metal block is positioned, and the distance from the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block to the right side wall is 0.6 lambda, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.52 lambda, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.08 lambda; the distance from the plane where the front side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located to the plane where the front side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located is 0.4 lambda, the distance from the plane where the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located to the plane where the left side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located is equal to the distance from the plane where the right side wall of the second rectangular metal block is located to the plane where the right side wall of the first rectangular metal block is located, the distance from the left side wall of the second rectangular metal block to the right side wall is 0.11 lambda, the distance from the front side wall to the rear side wall is 0.35 lambda, and the distance from the upper side wall to the lower side wall is 0.14 lambda.

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