CN112903547A - High-concentration cloud and mist particle concentration measuring device based on double light sources - Google Patents
High-concentration cloud and mist particle concentration measuring device based on double light sources Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-concentration cloud and mist particle concentration measuring device based on double light sources, which comprises a laser emitting system, a light collecting system and a photoelectric conversion and processing system, wherein the laser emitting system is used for emitting laser beams; the laser generated by two lasers with different wavelengths irradiates high-concentration cloud particles after passing through a beam transformation lens, the light collection system receives the irradiated light in different directions of the cloud and then is resolved by a photoelectric conversion and processing system to obtain information of light attenuation and light scattering, and therefore the concentration value of the cloud is obtained through calculation. The system designed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, light and small device, low cost and power consumption, high real-time performance, high precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric detection sensors, and particularly relates to a measuring device for measuring the concentration distribution of high-concentration cloud and mist particles in real time by using double laser light sources.
Background
The particle concentration measuring instrument is widely applied to the fields of dust monitoring, industrial waste gas monitoring, military and the like, and is developing towards the direction of accuracy and portability. The dust concentration tester researched and developed based on the light scattering method or the light transmission method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, rapidness, high sensitivity, real-time monitoring, high cost performance and the like, and is widely applied to monitoring of dust concentration in indoor places, public places, environmental atmosphere, industrial and mining enterprise production fields and other places. Especially, in recent years, with the rapid development of laser technology, photoelectric technology and computer technology, the level of development of domestic and foreign dust testers is continuously improved, new light scattering dust testers are continuously emerging, the variety and the specification are multiple, the functions are advanced, and the device plays an important role in monitoring environmental dust particles. Light scattering or transmission is also currently the most popular and widely used method.
In the field of cloud and mist concentration distribution measurement at present, an instrument mainly measures suspended particles with the particle size of several microns, and the measurement concentration range is basically smaller than 1000mg/m3. The concentration of the high-concentration cloud mist generated in the fields of industrial production and the like reaches 30-50g/m3The method is far beyond the range of most measuring instruments, the concentration distribution of the cloud mist is complex and irregular, the research on the accurate concentration measuring method of the cloud mist is less at home and abroad at present, the cost of the used device and method is high, and the measuring steps are complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-light-source high-concentration cloud and mist particle concentration measuring device which is simple in structure, low in cost, high in accurate particle size measurement resolution and capable of measuring concentration distribution in real time in a high-concentration cloud and mist environment.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a device for measuring the concentration of cloud and fog particles based on double light sources and high concentration comprises a laser emission system, a light collection system and a photoelectric conversion and processing system;
the laser emission system comprises two semiconductor lasers with different wavelengths, and an aspherical mirror, protective glass, an incident diaphragm and an exit diaphragm are sequentially arranged in the advancing direction of light beams emitted by the two semiconductor lasers;
the light collection system comprises a forward photoelectric detector and a lateral photoelectric detector, the forward photoelectric detector is arranged behind the emergent diaphragm, and the laser beam is focused on the forward photoelectric detector; the sampling gas path is arranged between the incident diaphragm and the emergent diaphragm and in the direction vertical to the laser beam, and a lateral photoelectric detector is arranged in the direction parallel to the sampling gas path;
the photoelectric conversion and processing system is connected with the forward photoelectric detector and the lateral photoelectric detector to obtain information of light attenuation and light scattering and calculate the concentration value of the cloud mist.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the invention samples from the front and side directions and measures and calibrates the concentration of the cloud and fog particles by a corresponding method, so the measurement is more accurate; (2) the device has simple structure, easy adjustment, convenient operation and carrying and is more suitable for measurement in complex environment; (3) the two semiconductor lasers adopted by the lighting system have low energy consumption and high efficiency, and the two channels sample and measure simultaneously, so that better particle size resolution can be obtained, and the obtained result is more comprehensive; (4) the photoelectric detector adopts a photoelectric diode with good performance and the sensitivity of 0.62A/W, and a driving circuit can be adjusted to facilitate the test and the improvement; (5) the kom2125 detector adopted by the photoelectric detector measures simultaneously, and the multiple angles are beneficial to better obtaining the concentration distribution condition of the cloud particles.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical sensor of a dual light source high concentration particle concentration measuring apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a general block diagram of a dual light source high concentration particle concentration measurement system.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a device for measuring the concentration of cloud particles with high concentration based on double light sources comprises a laser emission system, a light collection system and a photoelectric conversion and processing system;
the laser emission system comprises two semiconductor lasers 1 with different wavelengths, and an aspherical mirror 2, protective glass 3, an incident diaphragm 4 and an emergent diaphragm 5 are sequentially arranged in the advancing direction of light beams emitted by the two semiconductor lasers 1;
the light collection system comprises a forward photoelectric detector 6 and a lateral photoelectric detector 8, the forward photoelectric detector 6 is arranged behind the emergent diaphragm 5, and the laser beam is focused on the forward photoelectric detector 6; the sampling gas path 7 is arranged between the incident diaphragm 4 and the emergent diaphragm 5 and in the direction vertical to the laser beam, and a lateral photoelectric detector 8 is arranged in the direction parallel to the sampling gas path 7;
the photoelectric conversion and processing system is connected with the forward photoelectric detector 6 and the lateral photoelectric detector 8 to obtain information of light attenuation and light scattering and calculate the concentration value of the cloud mist.
Further, the protective glass 3 is arranged on one side of the incident diaphragm 4 and used for preventing particles in the air path from entering the laser.
Further, the wavelengths of the two semiconductor lasers 1 are 650nm and 940nm respectively, and the two optical paths are independent from each other and do not interfere with each other.
Further, the forward photodetector 6 and the lateral photodetector 8 adopt binary photodiodes with the sensitivity of 0.62A/W.
The forward photoelectric detector 6 and the lateral photoelectric detector 8 are both composed of a large detection unit and a small detection unit, and laser beams are focused on the larger detection unit of the forward photoelectric detector 6 of each of the two optical paths through an aspherical mirror.
The forward photoelectric detector 6 and the side photoelectric detector 8 are both formed by kom2125 type binary silicon-based pin tubes, and the areas of the two detection units with different sizes are respectively 2 multiplied by 2mm2And 2X 5mm2。
Further, the incident diaphragm 4 and the exit diaphragm 5 are circular, and the forward photoelectric detector 6 is arranged behind the exit diaphragm 5 and is rectangular.
Furthermore, the cloud to be detected in the sampling gas circuit 7 is irregularly distributed high-concentration cloud particles, and the concentration range is 30-50g/m3。
Further, the focal length of the aspherical mirror 2 is 4mm +/-0.5 mm.
Further, the aperture of the incident diaphragm 4 is not less than 3 mm.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples,
examples
As shown in fig. 2, in the method for measuring high-concentration cloud particles based on a dual light source, two wavelength lasers are used as light sources to measure sample cloud with known concentration, and a light collection system is used to collect forward transmitted light, scattered light and lateral scattered light of laser passing through the cloud particles respectively; completing concentration calibration of cloud and mist particles with known concentration under measurement methods of two wavelengths and different angles, and drawing a fitting curve of the cloud and mist particles by utilizing Origin data processing software based on a least square estimation algorithm; and selecting a proper method to measure the cloud particles to be measured according to the measurement accuracy within different concentration ranges reflected by the rule of the fitted curve. The following describes the constitution of the measuring apparatus of the present invention.
1) Laser emission system
The laser emission system consists of a semiconductor laser, an aspherical mirror, protective glass, an incident diaphragm and an emergent diaphragm. The emergent diaphragm is arranged in front of the photoelectric detector; the power of a semiconductor laser adopted by a laser source is 50mW, the divergence angle is 30 degrees multiplied by 15 degrees, the focal length of the aspherical mirror is 4mm +/-0.5 mm in order to ensure the uniformity and the density of laser in a photosensitive area, and the aperture of an incident diaphragm cannot be smaller than 3mm in order to ensure that a light path has enough coupling efficiency. Divergent light that produces by the laser instrument is focused through aspherical mirror for laser furthest's process protection glass ensures measuring accuracy and efficiency, and behind the cloud and mist granule in the gas circuit system, the light beam focuses on forward photoelectric detector, and the effectual stray light that has eliminated on the light path has improved the SNR of device.
2) Light collection system structure and concentration measurement principle
The scattered light transmission light collection system comprises a forward photoelectric detector and a lateral photoelectric detector, wherein the detectors adopt a photodiode kom2125, as shown in figure 1, a laser beam is focused on a diode large measurement element A, the measurement element collects a transmitted laser beam, and a small measurement element B collects a scattered laser beam; and collecting the laser beam after side scattering by a side detector.
The attenuation characteristics of the laser beam, which is transmitted by light in the cloud, conform to the belronbo law; in Bellangbo's law, the mass concentration M of the particlesvThe relationship between the incident light intensity and the transmitted light intensity is as follows:
wherein the incident light wavelength is lambda, the refractive index is m, the particle diameter of the particles is d, K is extinction coefficient, rho is density, I0And I is the initial incident light intensity and the light intensity after light transmission attenuation respectively.
The laterally scattered light conforms to the mie scattering theory, according to which the mass concentration of particles is related to the scattered light intensity as follows:
wherein i1And i2The scattering angle is a scattering angle, r is a light path distance, λ is an incident light wavelength, and d is a particle diameter of the particle.
Mie scattering is a strict mathematical solution to the maxwell electromagnetic wave equation set. When the diameter of the detected particle is much larger than the wavelength of the incident light, fraunhofer diffraction occurs in the light beam, which is an approximation of the mie scattering theory that is strict in nature, but the application is simpler. Practical applications may therefore consider combining fraunhofer diffraction with mie scattering theory. The forward scattered light satisfies the Fraunhofer diffraction theory and can be treated approximately. The relationship is as follows:
where f denotes the focal length of the receiving lens, λ denotes the wavelength of the incident light, J1Is a first order Bessel function, theta is a scattering angle, D is an average particle diameter of particles in the particle group, MvIs mass concentration, If(θ) is a diffracted light intensity distribution.
According to the analysis of the measurement principle, the light source wavelength lambda influences the extinction coefficient K to further influence the concentration measurement accuracy of the cloud particles. According to the formula (1), the extinction coefficient K is increased, and I is reduced, namely the extinction coefficient is larger, the absorption of the detected cloud and mist particles to incident laser is larger, and the overall measurement precision is improved during measurement. According to the mie scattering theory, it is found that the K value tends to be stable and remains high at wavelengths above 600 nm. The extinction coefficient also keeps stable, the more accurate the measurement of the concentration of the cloud particles under the same concentration in the range is, the higher the measurement accuracy is expected to be, and in consideration of the environmental problems of the device and the cloud to be measured, the lasers with the wavelengths of 650nm and 940nm are finally selected as light sources, so that the measurement accuracy is effectively guaranteed.
Meanwhile, the analysis of the three concentration distribution formulas shows that the wavelength lambda of the light source has direct influence on the measurement of the concentration of the cloud particles. The different particle sizes of particles can lead to different intensities of scattered light, and the dispersion of signals is larger. Considering that the environment to be measured is a complex cloud particle group, which contains particles with different particle sizes. The particle size resolution can be effectively improved by selecting the double light sources. Is more beneficial to the calibration and measurement of the concentration
3) Measurement and calculation of cloud concentration by photoelectric conversion and processing system
In the light collection system, the photodiode kom2125 acts as a light receiver to represent the received light as a voltage signal. In the design of a signal conditioning circuit of the detector, a two-stage voltage amplification technology is introduced, and an amplification circuit is formed by an operational amplifier LTC6242 to improve the gain coefficient of the preamplifier circuit. The combination of high sensitivity (0.62A/W) of the photoelectric receiver enables the transmission or scattered light distribution circuit to have better receiving sensitivity. The four photodiodes have eight receiving circuits in total, and cloud concentration information under different particle size resolutions at a plurality of angles can be obtained.
And the processed eight paths of electric signals enter a core processor with the model number of STM32F103RE, and are subjected to AD conversion in the chip and the concentration calculation formula to obtain eight paths of light intensity signals.
The distribution condition of particles in the complex high-concentration cloud can be obtained through inversion calculation according to the attenuation characteristic change of the laser beam in the high-concentration cloud and the concentration relation of transmitted light and scattered light collected after attenuation. The method for obtaining the better particle size resolution by using the dual-wavelength laser is combined with a concentration distribution inversion method which is acquired from different angles and is carried out by using different optical principles, so that the measurement rigidness is guaranteed, and particularly for particles with multiple particle sizes in a complex environment, the measurement result has better recognition compared with the measurement of a single light source by using the lasers with different wavelengths as the light source.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring the concentration of cloud and fog particles based on double light sources and high concentration is characterized by comprising a laser emission system, a light collection system and a photoelectric conversion and processing system;
the laser emission system comprises two semiconductor lasers (1) with different wavelengths, and an aspherical mirror (2), protective glass (3), an incident diaphragm (4) and an emergent diaphragm (5) are sequentially arranged in the advancing direction of light beams emitted by the two semiconductor lasers (1);
the light collection system comprises a forward photoelectric detector (6) and a lateral photoelectric detector (8), the forward photoelectric detector (6) is arranged behind the emergent diaphragm (5), and the laser beam is focused on the forward photoelectric detector (6); the sampling gas path (7) is arranged between the incident diaphragm (4) and the emergent diaphragm (5) and in the direction vertical to the laser beam, and a lateral photoelectric detector (8) is arranged in the direction parallel to the sampling gas path (7);
the photoelectric conversion and processing system is connected with the forward photoelectric detector (6) and the lateral photoelectric detector (8) to obtain information of light attenuation and light scattering and calculate the concentration value of the cloud mist.
2. The device for measuring the concentration of the cloud particles based on the double light sources and the high concentration as claimed in claim 1, wherein a protective glass (3) is arranged on one side of the incident diaphragm (4) and used for blocking particles in the gas path from entering the laser.
3. The device for measuring the concentration of cloud particles based on double light sources and high concentration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wavelengths of the two semiconductor lasers (1) are 650nm and 940nm respectively, and the two light paths are independent from each other and do not interfere with each other.
4. The device for measuring the concentration of cloud particles with high concentration based on double light sources as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forward photo-detector (6) and the lateral photo-detector (8) adopt a binary photodiode with a sensitivity of 0.62A/W.
5. The device for measuring the concentration of cloud and fog particles based on double light sources and high concentration according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the forward photoelectric detector (6) and the lateral photoelectric detector (8) are both composed of two detection units, one large detection unit and one small detection unit, and the laser beam is focused on the larger detection unit of the forward photoelectric detector (6) of each of the two optical paths through an aspheric mirror.
6. The device for measuring the concentration of cloud and fog particles with high concentration based on dual light sources as claimed in claim 5, wherein the forward photo-detector (6) and the lateral photo-detector (8) are both formed by kom2125 type binary silicon-based pin tubes, and the areas of the two different detecting units are 2 x 2mm2And 2X 5mm2。
7. The device for measuring the concentration of the cloud particles based on the double light sources and the high concentration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the incident diaphragm (4) and the exit diaphragm (5) are circular, and the forward photodetector (6) is arranged behind the exit diaphragm (5) and is rectangular in shape.
8. The device for measuring the concentration of the cloud particles based on the double light sources and the high concentration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cloud to be measured in the sampling gas circuit (7) is high concentration cloud particles distributed irregularly, and the concentration range is 30-50g/m3。
9. The dual-light-source-based high-concentration cloud particle concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the focal length of the aspherical mirror (2) is 4mm ± 0.5 mm.
10. The device for measuring the concentration of the cloud particles based on the double light sources and the high concentration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aperture of the incident diaphragm (4) is not less than 3 mm.
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| CN113607612A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-05 | 暨南大学 | Cloud and mist activation and gap particle measuring device based on unmanned aerial vehicle |
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