CN112782121B - A multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measurement device and method - Google Patents
A multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method. The device comprises a laser, a collimation light path, a scattering light path, a photoelectric detector and a signal processing circuit. The collimating light path includes an aspherical mirror and a cylindrical mirror. The scattered light path includes a mirror, a dichroic mirror, and a focusing lens. And after being collimated by a collimation system, two or more paths of lasers collect forward and backward scattered light through four detectors so as to realize synchronous on-line measurement of particle size and refractive index. The measuring method is simple, manual operation is not needed, the particle size and refractive index of the particles with a wider particle size range can be accurately measured, and a novel method is provided for real-time online measurement of physical and chemical properties of the atmospheric particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric particulate optical detection, in particular to a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method.
Background
Atmospheric particulates are one of the important contaminants affecting the quality of ambient air; is a key point for influencing the earth atmosphere radiation balance and even the global climate; is also one of the main hazard factors affecting human health. Therefore, the development of the atmospheric particulate monitoring technology is particularly important. The particle size distribution of the particulate matter is an important characteristic of the atmospheric particulate matter, and particularly, the measurement of the number concentration is particularly important, and the measurement of the particle concentration spectrum distribution is also the basis for observing the characteristics of the atmospheric particulate matter. In order to measure the concentration spectrum distribution of the particle number, firstly, the particle number concentration needs to be accurately measured, and an optical counting method is mostly adopted. The principle is that a photoelectric detector is utilized to measure scattered light signals generated by particles through light beams, the particle size is obtained by inverting the light signals, meanwhile, particles sequentially pass through the light beams in a single particle form through ingenious design of particle nozzles, the pulses of the scattered light signals are counted, and the number concentration of the particles is obtained by inversion. The method has the advantages of accurate measurement, high precision, simple structure and non-contact rapid measurement capability, and gradually becomes one of the mainstream measurement methods of the particle counter.
In the last three decades, the technology of optical particle counters has been rapidly developed and has become mature, towards applications with miniature, higher precision, higher efficiency and higher concentration. Commercial instruments were also successively introduced by TSI, met one, grimm, japan, and the like. Such as the american Met one company, designs a 100LPM high-flow optical particle counter by modifying the air inlet. After the 21 st century, and in particular after 2010, the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles has advanced the development of optical particle counters. By mounting the optical particle counter on an unmanned plane, more accurate distribution information of aerosol in the whole atmosphere can be provided, and with the development of technology, scientific researchers develop various optical particle counters with high performance and complexity design to meet the requirement of atmospheric detection, such as the lower detection limit of 0.14 microns researched by the national ocean and atmospheric management agency earth systems research laboratory in 2016, and the novel optical particle counter for realizing lens-free optical path particle size measurement by the scientific researchers of the university of Orland in 2016. The advent of these technologies has driven the further development and application of optical particle counting. However, in the aspect of online monitoring of the atmospheric particulate matters, the light scattering technology has the following problems and disadvantages: (1) The optical particle counting can realize the measurement of the particle size and the number concentration of the atmospheric particles, but the synchronous measurement of the particle size and the refractive index of the atmospheric particles is difficult to realize; (2) The existing light scattering particle size measurement result is easily influenced by parameters such as the refractive index of particles, the shape of particles and the like, so that the range and the accuracy of particle size measurement are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device and method based on a light scattering principle, which can solve the defects existing in the prior art and realize real-time and non-contact measurement of particle size and refractive index.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device comprises a laser, a collimation system, a scattering system, a detector, a signal processing circuit and a computer; the laser emitted by the two or more paths of lasers is collimated by the collimating system and then is incident on the particles to obtain four groups of scattered light of 10-30 degrees in the forward direction and 150-170 degrees in the backward direction, and the scattered light is split by the dichroic mirror through the reflecting mirror and then is incident in the four groups of detectors; the four groups of detectors receive the optical signals I 1 、I 2 、I 3 、I 4 Respectively converted into electric signals and input into a signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit amplifies the signal variation and peaks the signal P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 Respectively input into computer, the computer makes peak value P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 Comparing with the data in the pre-calculated database in real time, finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by the least square method,the size of the particles to be measured and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index are obtained; the collimation system is provided with two or more paths, including an aspheric mirror, a cylindrical mirror and a diaphragm; the aspheric mirror, the cylindrical mirror and the diaphragm are coaxially arranged;
the scattering system is provided with two or more paths, including a reflecting mirror, a dichroic mirror and a focusing lens; the reflector comprises a forward reflector and a backward reflector;
furthermore, the laser adopts a semiconductor laser to output stable light intensity laser so as to improve the measurement accuracy of the particle size of the atmospheric particulates.
Furthermore, the two paths of lasers respectively adopt blue light and green light lasers, so that the dichroic mirror can split light conveniently.
Furthermore, the aspheric mirror and the cylindrical mirror are made of PMMA.
Further, the forward mirror scatter angle is 10-30 °.
Further, the back mirror scatter angle is 150-170 °.
Further, the dichroic mirror is placed at an angle of 45 degrees, so that wavelength splitting is realized.
Further, the sample particulate should ensure a single pass through the optical path to enable real-time measurement and analysis of the size and refractive index of a single atmospheric particulate.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out optical particle counting and online measurement of the refractive index of the particles, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, randomly generating particles with different particle diameters, real parts of refractive indexes and imaginary parts of refractive indexes by using a Monte Carlo algorithm, calculating four groups of responses of forward scattered light and backward scattered light of different particles under the irradiation of green light and blue light, and combining to obtain a primary particle scattering database;
step two, enabling the standard particles to pass through the laser beams in sequence, collecting forward and backward scattered light of the laser through four groups of detectors, and obtaining a standard particle signal peak value P through a signal processing circuit and a computer 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 ；
Third, calculating the standard particulate matter signal peak value P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 The relation between the particle scattering database signals and the particle scattering database signals is subjected to third-order linear fitting to obtain a scale factor;
and fourthly, measuring single particle scattered light signals passing through laser spots in the sampling process, comparing four data of the detector with a pre-calculated evaluation table consisting of four columns in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the size of the particle to be detected and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in operation, no need of artificial film sampling and the like, and realizes the synchronous measurement function of the refractive index of the particle size of the atmospheric particles by the characteristic that the scattering signal of the particles is positively correlated with the particle size under the light scattering of small angles and the scattering signal of the particles is positively correlated with the refractive index under the light scattering of large angles. The method plays a good technical support role in the change characteristics and source analysis of the atmospheric fine particles.
(2) The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device optimizes and improves the collimation light path, compresses the laser width at the focus, effectively improves the lower limit of particle size measurement, and reduces the false alarm rate.
(3) According to the multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index measuring device, a scattering light path is built, so that four groups of detector signals are obtained by one particle, analysis and verification are carried out on the four groups of signals, and the measuring precision of particle size and refractive index is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-line measuring apparatus for multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index in the present invention;
wherein:
1. 532nm green laser, 2, green aspheric mirror, 3, green cylindrical mirror, 4, green diaphragm, 5, green forward mirror, 6, blue backward mirror, 7, green backward mirror, 8, blue forward mirror, 9, blue diaphragm, 10, blue cylindrical mirror, 11, blue aspheric mirror, 12, 450nm blue laser, 13, blue forward detector, 14, blue forward focusing lens, 15, first dichroic mirror, 16, green backward focusing lens, 17, green backward detector, 18, green forward detector, 19, green forward focusing lens, 20, second dichroic mirror, 21, blue backward focusing lens, 22, blue backward detector, 23, signal processing circuit, 24, computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without the inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The multi-angle optical particle counting and refractive index online measuring device shown in fig. 1 comprises a green laser 1, a blue laser 12, a collimation system, a scattering system, a photoelectric detector, a signal processing circuit 23 and a computer 24, wherein the green laser 1 and the blue laser 12 can realize more wavelength incidence through a time division multiplexing technology. The laser emitted by the two or more paths of lasers is collimated by the collimation system and then is incident on the particles to obtain two groups of forward (10-30 degrees) and two groups of backward (150-170 degrees) four groups of scattered light, wherein the green light forward scattered light is received by the green light forward detector 18 after passing through the green light forward reflecting mirror 5, the second dichroic mirror 20 and the green light forward focusing lens 19; the green light back-scattered light is received by a green light back detector 17 via a green light back mirror 7, a first dichroic mirror 15 and a green light back focusing lens 16; the blue light forward scattered light is received by the blue light forward detector 13 via the blue light forward reflecting mirror 8, the first dichroic mirror 15 and the blue light forward focusing lens 14; the blue light back-scattered light is received by the blue light back detector 22 via the blue light back-reflecting mirror 6, the second dichroic mirror 20 and the blue light back-focusing lens 21; the four groups of detectors receive the optical signalsNumber I 1 、I 2 、I 3 、I 4 Respectively converted into electric signals and input to the signal processing circuit 23, the signal processing circuit 23 amplifies the signal variation and peaks the signal P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 Respectively, are input into the computer 24, and the computer 24 outputs the peak value P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 And (3) comparing the real-time data with a pre-calculated database, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the size of the particle to be detected and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index.
The collimation system comprises a green light aspheric mirror 2, a blue light aspheric mirror 11, a green light cylindrical mirror 3, a blue light cylindrical mirror 10, a green light diaphragm 4 and a blue light diaphragm 9; the aspheric mirror, the cylindrical mirror and the diaphragm are coaxially arranged, so that the quality of light beams can be guaranteed, the lower limit of particle size measurement is improved, and the false alarm rate is reduced.
The scattering system comprises a green light forward mirror 5, a blue light backward mirror 6, a green light backward mirror 7, a blue light forward mirror 8, a first dichroic mirror 15, a second dichroic mirror 20, a blue light forward detector 13, a green light backward focusing lens 16, a green light forward focusing lens 19, and a blue light backward focusing lens 21.
Further, the green light laser 1 and the blue light laser 12 adopt semiconductor lasers, and output laser with stable light intensity, so as to improve the measurement accuracy of the particle size of the atmospheric particulate matters.
Further, the green laser 1 and the blue laser 12 adopt 532nm and 450nm lasers. The light splitting is convenient, and the lower limit of particle size detection is low.
Furthermore, the green aspherical mirror 2, the green cylindrical mirror 3, the blue cylindrical mirror 10 and the blue aspherical mirror 11 are made of PMMA material so as to achieve the best laser collimation effect.
Further, the scattering angles of the green light forward reflecting mirror 5 and the blue light forward reflecting mirror 8 are 10-30 degrees. According to Mie scattering simulation results, the positive correlation coefficient between the scattering signal and the particle size of the angle is selected to be higher, and particle size measurement is facilitated.
Further, the scattering angles of the blue light retro-reflector 6 and the green light retro-reflector 7 are 150-170 degrees. According to Mie scattering simulation results, the positive correlation coefficient between the scattering signal and the refractive index of the angle is selected to be higher, and the refractive index measurement is facilitated.
Further, the first dichroic mirror 15 and the second dichroic mirror 20 are disposed at an angle of 45 °, which is more advantageous for splitting blue light and green light according to experimental results.
Further, the sample particulate should ensure a single pass through the optical path to enable real-time measurement and analysis of the size and refractive index of a single atmospheric particulate.
The invention also relates to a measuring method of the measuring device, which comprises the following steps of;
firstly, randomly generating particles with different particle diameters (0.1-10 mu m), refractive index real parts (1.1-2.0) and refractive index imaginary parts (0-1) by using a Monte Carlo algorithm, calculating four groups of responses of forward scattered light and backward scattered light of different particles under green light and blue light irradiation, and combining to obtain a primary particle scattering database;
step two, making standard particles (Duke standard particles with the particle diameters of 0.1um, 0.3um, 0.5um, 0.7um, 1.0um, 2.0um, 3.0um, 5.0um and 10 um) pass through laser beams individually and sequentially, collecting forward and backward scattered light of two lasers by four groups of detectors, and obtaining a standard particle signal peak P by a signal processing circuit and a computer 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 ；
Third, calculating the standard particulate matter signal peak value P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 The relation between the particle scattering database signals and the particle scattering database signals is subjected to third-order linear fitting to obtain a scale factor; wherein, the fitting formula is y=B0+B1 x≡1+B2 x≡2+B3 x≡3, y is standard light intensity, x is standard particle size, B0, B1, B2, B3 are fitting parameters;
and fourthly, measuring single particle scattered light signals passing through laser spots in the sampling process, comparing four data of the detector with a pre-calculated evaluation table consisting of four columns in real time, and finding out the quadruple with the closest response value by a least square method to obtain the size of the particle to be detected and the real part and the imaginary part of the refractive index.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
when monochromatic light is incident on the particulate matter in the positive Z-axis direction, the scattered light intensity can be expressed as:
wherein the relative refractive index is m=m p /m 1 ＝n(1-i·η)(m p Is the refractive index of the particles, m 1 N and eta are real and imaginary parts of complex refractive index respectively, and when the imaginary part exists, the particles have absorption effect on incident light; alpha is a particle size parameter, when the surrounding medium of the particle is vacuum or air, the refractive index of the surrounding medium is 1, the size parameter is alpha=pi D/lambda, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, I 0 For the incident light intensity, gamma is the scattering angle, r is the distance between the scattering center and the detection point, i 1 (α，mγ)、i 2 (α, mγ) are the intensity distribution functions of the scattering photoelectric vector perpendicular to and parallel to the scattering plane, respectively.
i 1 (α，mγ)＝S 1 (α，mγ)·S 1 * (α，mγ)
i 2 (α，mγ)＝S 2 (α，mγ)·S 2 * (α，mγ)
Wherein S is 1 (α,mγ)、S 2 (alpha, mgamma) is the amplitude function of the scattering, S 1 * (α,mγ)、S 2 * (alpha, mgamma) are S respectively 1 (α，mγ)、S 2 (alpha, mgamma) complex conjugation.
For amplitude of vibrationFunctional expression S 1 (α，mγ)、S 2 (alpha, mgamma) wherein a l 、b l Called Mie scattering coefficient, the expression is as follows:
the above formula is l (x)、ξ l (x) Is a Bessel function, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofBessel function of the first type, which is a half integer order,>as a second kind of Hanker function, ψ' l (x)、ξ′ l (x) Respectively represent psi l (x)、ξ l (x) Deriving the respective variables.
Also for the amplitude function expression S 1 (α，mγ)、S 2 (alpha, mgamma) wherein pi l 、τ l The expression is:
wherein P is l (cosγ)、P l (1) (cos γ) is the first order Legendre function and the first order associative Legendre function, respectively, for cos γ.
The above theory of Mie scattering, and the above analysis shows that the important requirement is to calculate the scattered light intensity function i in order to calculate the scattered light intensity 1 (α，mγ)、i 2 (α, mγ). While the key to solving the intensity function is to solve the Mie scattering coefficient a l 、b l And a scattering angle function pi l 、τ l Wherein a is l 、b l The function is a function of the relative refractive index m of the particles and the particle size parameter α, pi l 、τ l The function is a function of the scattering angle gamma. In summary, the particle scattered light intensity I is strongly related to the particle size D (size parameter α), the refractive index m, and the scattering angle γ. The particle size and refractive index of the particles can be judged according to the scattered light intensity I.
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
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| CN114324094A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 北京智米科技有限公司 | Laser particulate matter sensing device and method for measuring particulate matter |
| CN115373050B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2025-09-16 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Weather identification device and method based on front and back scattering rain and snow and view range disorder |
| CN117571569B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-06-07 | 西安理工大学 | Atmospheric particulate concentration detection system and detection method based on mass concentration factor |
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