CN112881679A - 一种同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及真菌毒素的快速检测技术领域,具体涉及一种同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条制备方法。本发明制备的试纸条所用的抗体标记物为花状纳米金和球形胶体金,两种真菌毒素的检测灵敏度均为5ng/mL,可以将样品稀释200倍,排除基质干扰,实现样品中两种水溶性真菌毒素的快速检测。该试纸条将适用于食品加工企业、质检部门和饲料企业等,具有广泛市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及真菌毒素的快速检测技术领域,具体涉及一种同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条制备方法。
背景技术
真菌毒素的污染是食品安全领域内较为突出的问题之一,据联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)报告,全球约有25%的农作物遭受霉菌及其毒素污染,约有2%的农作物因污染严重而失去营养和经济价值。对人类危害严重的真菌毒素主要有十几种,其中包括黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DO N)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、赭曲霉毒素、伏马菌素B1(FB1)、桔霉素、展青霉毒素等。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)是镰刀菌产生的有毒次级代谢产物—单端孢霉烯族化合物中的一种,属于B型单端孢霉烯族化合物。伏马菌素B1(Fumonisin FB1)是另外一种霉菌毒素,是由串珠镰刀菌产生的水溶性代谢产物。上述两种真菌毒素广泛存在于谷物粮食及其制品中,具有致畸、致癌、免疫抑制毒性、神经毒性等作用,它们不仅造成农作物减产、质量下降等巨大的经济损失,而且对人、畜的健康构成潜在的威胁。
目前,国内外对真菌毒素常用的检测方法主要高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELIS A)等,其中仪器检测方法具有准确可靠、高效、灵敏度高、重现性好的优点,但现有的检测方法耗费时间长、成本高、相关设备条件复杂,只适合于实验室检测,因此无法进行大范围推广。ELISA具有操作相对简单、灵敏度高等优点,但也存在需要专门仪器,需要专业人员操作和耗时较长等缺点,也只适合于实验室检测。相比之下,胶体金免疫层析法具有简单快速、无需复杂设备和专业知识,操作人员5分钟即能学会,即学即用。
本发明制备的试纸条所用的抗体标记物为花状纳米金和球形胶体金,两种真菌毒素的检测灵敏度均为5ng/mL,可以将样品稀释200倍,排除基质干扰,实现样品中两种水溶性真菌毒素的快速检测。该试纸条将适用于食品加工企业、质检部门和饲料企业等,具有广泛市场应用前景。
发明内容
本发明提供的快速、同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素的试纸条包括硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)、结合物释放垫、样品垫、底板和吸水垫,NC膜喷涂了DON-BSA和FB1-BSA偶联物的测试区(T线)和包被羊抗鼠IgG的质控区(C线),所述金标垫喷涂了DON单克隆抗体偶联金花纳米颗粒(蓝色)和FB1单克隆抗体偶联了球形胶体金(红色)。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)DON单克隆抗体-花纳米颗粒标记物和FB1单克隆抗体-15-18nm球形纳米金标记物标记物的制备
在磁力搅拌下,向盛有3mL 15-18nm球形金花纳米溶液或胶体金溶液中加入K2CO3溶液调节溶液的pH为5.0-6.5,分别取DON抗体和FB1抗体各5-10μL,稀释后,逐渐加入到金花纳米溶液或胶体金溶液中,反应60min,然后分别加入BSA和PEG-20000,反应30min后,10000rpm离心60min,沉淀用金子稀释液复溶,得到DON单克隆抗体-花纳米颗粒标记物,同时按照同样的方法制备二抗与胶体金和金花复合物,用于信号放大;
(2)金标结合物释放垫的处理
将金标结合物释放垫放入金子稀释液中浸泡30min,37℃真空干燥,将金标抗体复合物和二抗与胶体金或金花复合物混合均匀,然后均匀的喷入到金标垫上;
(3)硝酸纤维素膜的包被
将真菌毒素检测抗原喷在硝酸纤维素膜上,分别作为检测线,羊抗鼠Ig G作为质控线;
(4)试纸条的制作
将上述喷有真菌毒素检测抗原和羊抗鼠IgG的硝酸纤维素膜吸水垫、样品垫粘贴在PVP底板上,然后条切条后即为同时检测两种真菌毒素的试纸条。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中K2CO3溶液为1%,30mL。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中BSA加入量为10%100μL,PEG-20000加入量为5%100μL。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中金子稀释液是0.5%BSA、5%蔗糖、0.5%PEG-20000的浓度为0.01M的PBS溶液。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)特异性,灵敏度高,本发明制备的同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条,对两种毒素检测灵敏度均为5ng/mL和5ng/mL,可以将样品稀释200倍,排除基质干扰,且对其它真菌毒素无交叉反应性。
(2)检测结果形象、直观,当试纸条显示一条红线、一条蓝线和一条紫色线条时表示:两种水溶性真菌毒素的含量均低于5ng/mL(1000μg/kg),当只有质控线显示紫色时,表明样品中种水溶性真菌毒素的含量均高于5ng/mL(1000μg/kg);当只显示一条红色线和一条紫色线时或只显示一条蓝线和一条紫色线时表示有一种真菌毒素高于5ng/mL(1000μg/kg);当无紫色线时,表示试纸条无效。
(3)操作简便、5-10min内可出检测结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例1
同时快速检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条的制备
1、真菌毒素单克隆抗体-金纳米花颗粒和球型胶体金标记物的制备
在磁力搅拌下,向盛有3mL花状纳米金溶液或球形胶体金溶液的小烧杯中加入30μL的K2CO3(1%)调节溶液的pH为5.5。分别真菌毒素单克隆抗体,反应30min。加入100μL10%BSA和100μL 5%PEG-20000搅拌30min。4℃下10000rmp离心45min。沉淀采用金子稀释液复溶,得到两种真菌毒素单克隆抗体-花状纳米金和球形胶体金标记物。
2、金标垫的处理和包被
将结合物释放垫放入金子稀释液中浸泡10min,37℃烘干。将(1)中得到的两种真菌毒素单克隆抗体-花状纳米金和球形胶体金标记物混合均匀,然后将其均匀的喷涂到结合物释放垫上,真空干燥,置4℃备用。
3、NC膜的包被
分别将浓度为0.1mg/mL真菌毒素偶联BSA的检测抗原喷涂在NC膜上,分别作为真菌毒素的检测线,喷量为0.74μL/cm,在靠近吸水纸一端,且距离检测抗原为3mm处喷涂浓度为0.5mg/mL羊抗鼠Ig G,作为质控线(C线),喷量为0.74μL/cm。真空干燥,密封。
4、胶体金试纸条的组装
将上述喷有两种真菌毒素检测抗原和羊抗鼠IgG的硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)吸水垫、样品垫粘贴在PVP底板上,然后条切条后即为同时检测两种真菌毒素的试纸条。
实施例2
样本中两种水溶性真菌毒素的同时检测
(1)样品前处理及检测
称取1.0g粉碎的待检样品于三角瓶中,加入50mL的甲醇,充分摇匀3-5min,过滤,再取0.5mL的滤液加入到2mL的蒸馏水中,充分混匀,作为待检测溶液。
取上述上样液滴于试纸条的加样孔中,5min后即可观察到检测结果。
(2)结果分析
当试纸条显示一条红线、一条蓝线和一条紫色线条时表示:两种水溶性真菌毒素的含量均低于5ng/mL(1000μg/kg),当只有质控线显示紫色时,表明样品中种水溶性真菌毒素的含量均高于5ng/mL(1000μg/kg);当只显示一条红色线和一条紫色线时或只显示一条蓝线和一条紫色线时表示有一种真菌毒素高于5ng/mL(1000μg/kg);当无紫色线时,表示试纸条无效。
Claims (4)
1.一种同时检测两种水溶性真菌毒素试纸条的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)DON单克隆抗体-花纳米颗粒标记物和FB1单克隆抗体-15-18nm球形纳米金标记物标记物的制备
在磁力搅拌下,向盛有3mL15-18 nm球形金花纳米溶液或胶体金溶液中加入K2CO3溶液调节溶液的pH为5.0-6.5,分别取DON抗体和FB1抗体各5-10μL,稀释后,逐渐加入到金花纳米溶液或胶体金溶液中,反应60min,然后分别加入BSA和PEG-20000,反应30min后,10000rpm离心60min,沉淀用金子稀释液复溶,得到DON单克隆抗体-花纳米颗粒标记物,同时按照同样的方法制备二抗与胶体金和金花复合物,用于信号放大;
(2)金标结合物释放垫的处理
将金标结合物释放垫放入金子稀释液中浸泡30min,37℃真空干燥,将金标抗体复合物和二抗与胶体金或金花复合物混合均匀,然后均匀的喷入到金标垫上;
(3)硝酸纤维素膜的包被
将真菌毒素检测抗原喷在硝酸纤维素膜上,分别作为检测线,羊抗鼠Ig G作为质控线;
(4)试纸条的制作
将上述喷有真菌毒素检测抗原和羊抗鼠IgG的硝酸纤维素膜吸水垫、样品垫粘贴在PVP底板上,然后条切条后即为同时检测两种真菌毒素的试纸条。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中K2CO3溶液为1%,30mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中BSA加入量为10%100μL,PEG-20000加入量为5%100μL。
4.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中金子稀释液是0.5%BSA、5%蔗糖、0.5%PEG-20000的浓度为0.01M的PBS溶液。
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