CN112881652B - Supercritical CO2Shale reservoir injection Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device - Google Patents
Supercritical CO2Shale reservoir injection Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a joule-thomson effect test simulation device for a shale reservoir injected with supercritical CO 2, which comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit, a supercritical CO 2 generation unit and a test unit, wherein the supercritical CO 2 generation unit and the test unit are communicated through a pipeline, and the supercritical CO 2 generation unit and the test unit are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit; the supercritical CO 2 generation unit is used for generating supercritical CO 2 and sending the generated supercritical CO 2 to the test unit; the test unit simulates a subsurface reservoir and is used to test the supercritical CO 2 temperature and pressure changes required to characterize the Joule-Thomson coefficient of the Joule-Thomson effect. Aiming at different well completion modes, the multi-order Joule-Thomson effect generated by injecting supercritical CO 2 into shale is simulated through a test, the change of parameters such as the temperature, the injection pressure, the flow rate and the like of the supercritical CO 2 is monitored, the Joule-Thomson coefficient used for representing the Joule-Thomson effect is tested, and the method has important significance in reducing the injection risk of the supercritical CO 2 engineering and the safe implementation of the supercritical CO 2 fracturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unconventional natural gas exploitation, in particular to a device for simulating a Joule-Thomson effect test of a shale reservoir injected with supercritical CO 2.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the main technical measures for increasing production of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as shale gas, coal bed gas and the like, but the water consumption of hydraulic fracturing is extremely high. Most of the unconventional natural gas reservoirs in China are distributed in areas with relatively deficient water resources, wherein shale gas reservoirs are buried deeply, the rock mass structure is compact, the mechanical strength is high, 15-60 ten thousand tons of water is required to be consumed for single-well hydraulic fracturing modification of the reservoirs, the water consumption is large, and the applicability of the hydraulic fracturing technology to development of unconventional natural gas reservoirs in areas with deficient water resources is not strong. In addition, unconventional natural gas reservoirs, particularly shale gas reservoirs, have high clay mineral content and are easy to expand when meeting water, so that the porosity and permeability of the reservoir can be reduced, and water-sensitive damage of the reservoir is caused. These problems severely restrict the commercialized development of shale gas reservoirs, and methods suitable for shale gas reservoir development are urgently needed to be explored.
The supercritical CO 2 has the characteristics of high density, low viscosity, high permeability and the like, the capacity of the shale gas reservoir for adsorbing CO 2 is larger than CH 4, and the CO 2 injected into the reservoir at high pressure can replace and displace CH 4 in the reservoir to be produced due to the competitive adsorption advantage. The supercritical CO 2 replaces water to be used as a medium for enhancing the yield increase of the unconventional natural gas reservoir, so that the water-sensitive damage of the reservoir caused by the swelling of clay minerals in water can be effectively reduced. The jet speed of supercritical CO 2 is faster than that of water jet, the jet core area is longer, the diffusion area is wider, and the supercritical CO 2 has a jet effect stronger than that of hydraulic fracturing. The supercritical CO 2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid to acidify the reservoir, so that the reservoir fracture pressure can be reduced, and the reservoir is easier to fracture. Therefore, supercritical CO 2 is considered as an advantageous medium and an effective method for enhancing the development of shale gas reservoirs, so that the water consumption can be reduced, and the emission reduction of greenhouse gas CO 2 can be realized.
The shale gas development well is most commonly completed in an open hole completion and a perforated completion. Shale reservoirs have a pore-fracture structure, a typical porous medium similar to porous sieves. During the process of passing through the perforation holes of the well bore and the reservoir, the high-pressure supercritical CO 2 is throttled by the perforation holes and the reservoir, so that the high-pressure supercritical CO 2 generates pressure mutation and then causes temperature change, and the phenomenon is called Joule-Thomson effect. Under different well completion modes, the high-pressure supercritical CO 2 has different throttling times and the occurring Joule-Thomson effect has different times. For example, in an open hole completion mode, high pressure supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir directly from the injection well, passes through only one restriction of the porous media reservoir, and accordingly, a joule-thomson effect occurs. Under the perforation completion mode, the high-pressure supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir from perforation holes on the well bore of the injection well, and the Joule-Thomson effect is correspondingly increased once through twice throttling of the perforation holes and the porous medium reservoir.
At higher supercritical CO 2 initial injection temperatures, injection pressures, and injection flow rates, through the wellbore perforations and the throttling of the porous media reservoir, the near wellbore reservoir is less likely to undergo heat exchange with the surrounding environment, CO 2 undergoes approximately the adiabatic expansion cool down process, CO 2 may change phase, change density and viscosity, affect CO 2 flow characteristics, and may form seepage tunnels that dry ice plugs the perforations and near wellbore reservoir. The temperature field of the near wellbore zone reservoir varies greatly and the temperature drops significantly, and if the temperature of the formation water in the pores and fissures of the near wellbore zone reservoir is below the freezing point, an "ice plug" may form, further plugging the wellbore perforations and the seepage channels of the near wellbore zone reservoir. Therefore, in the process of injecting the high-pressure supercritical CO 2 into the reservoir, a Joule-Thomson effect occurs for multiple times, so that the injection speed of the supercritical CO 2 can be reduced, a 'pressure build-up' in a shaft is formed, the continuous injection of the supercritical CO 2 is influenced, and the safety of injection construction is threatened.
The joule-thomson effect is generally described by a joule-thomson coefficient μ, which reflects the temperature of the throttled gas as a function of pressure, and is calculated as follows:
Where T represents temperature and P represents pressure. The subscript H indicates that the process is an isenthalpic process. Because the enthalpy (H) is unchanged before and after throttling (heat exchange is not in time, approximately undergoing an adiabatic process), the joule-thomson coefficient represents the rate of change of temperature with pressure during isenthalpic processes.
Therefore, before the supercritical CO 2 is injected into the unconventional natural gas reservoir, aiming at different well completion modes, the multi-level Joule-Thomson effect generated by the injection of the supercritical CO 2 into the unconventional natural gas reservoir is simulated in a test, the change of parameters such as the temperature, the injection pressure, the injection flow rate and the like of the supercritical CO 2 is monitored, the Joule-Thomson coefficient used for representing the Joule-Thomson effect is tested, the preferable reasonable well completion mode is determined, the influence of the Joule-Thomson effect is reduced, and the method has important significance for reducing the injection risk of the supercritical CO 2 engineering and the safe implementation of the supercritical CO 2 fracturing process, but test simulation equipment is lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems by providing a J-Thomson effect test simulation device for injecting supercritical CO 2 into a shale reservoir.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
The device comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit, a supercritical CO 2 generation unit and a test unit, wherein the supercritical CO 2 is injected into a shale reservoir, the supercritical CO 2 generation unit and the test unit are communicated through a pipeline, and the supercritical CO 2 generation unit and the test unit are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit; the supercritical CO 2 generation unit is used for generating supercritical CO 2 and sending the generated supercritical CO 2 to the test unit; the test unit simulates the underground reservoir and its temperature and pressure initial conditions and is used to test the temperature and pressure changes of supercritical CO 2 required for characterizing the Joule-Thomson coefficient of the Joule-Thomson effect and monitor the injection flow rate changes of the reactive supercritical CO 2, and the data acquisition and analysis unit acquires the measured temperature, pressure and injection flow rate to obtain the Joule-Thomson coefficient.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: during simulation, preparing supercritical CO 2 through a supercritical CO 2 generation unit, and sending the generated supercritical CO 2 to a test unit; the test unit simulates the underground reservoir and the temperature and pressure initial conditions thereof, and is used for testing the temperature and pressure changes of the supercritical CO 2 required by the Joule-Thomson coefficient for representing the Joule-Thomson effect and monitoring the injection flow change of the reaction supercritical CO 2 injectability; meanwhile, the data acquisition and analysis unit acquires the related data tested by the testing unit, processes and analyzes the related data to obtain a Joule-Thomson coefficient, and further evaluates the safety of the supercritical CO 2 engineering injection risk and the supercritical CO 2 fracturing process. Aiming at different well completion modes, the method provided by the invention is used for simulating the multi-order Joule-Thomson effect generated by injecting supercritical CO 2 into a shale reservoir, monitoring the change of parameters such as the temperature, the injection pressure, the flow rate and the like of the supercritical CO 2, testing the Joule-Thomson coefficient used for representing the Joule-Thomson effect, and has important significance in reducing the injection risk of the supercritical CO 2 engineering and safely implementing the supercritical CO 2 fracturing process.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the test unit comprises a sample chamber simulating an injection well, and a sealing rubber sleeve for containing a sample to simulate an underground reservoir is fixedly arranged in the sample chamber; one end of the sample chamber is open, a well completion simulation structural member is detachably arranged, at least one penetrating perforation communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve is arranged at one end of the well completion simulation structural member, the other end of the well completion simulation structural member is detachably connected with one end of the injection well bottom simulation structural member, and the other end of the injection well bottom simulation structural member is communicated with the supercritical CO 2 generation unit through a pipeline.
The further scheme has the beneficial effects that the underground reservoir and the temperature and pressure initial conditions thereof are simulated by arranging the sample in the sealing rubber sleeve in the sample chamber, then different well completion modes are simulated by well completion simulation structural members with different numbers of perforations, and further the influence of various different well completion modes on the supercritical CO 2 throttling times and the Joule-Thomson effect is simulated.
Further, a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor for acquiring the temperature T 2 and the pressure P 2 before supercritical CO 2 enters the underground reservoir after being throttled by the perforation holes are fixedly arranged in one end of the well completion simulation structural member, and a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor for acquiring the bottom hole temperature T 1 and the pressure P 1 of the injection well are fixedly arranged in the other end of the well completion simulation structural member; the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through circuits.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are that the temperature sensor I and the pressure sensor I are used for respectively acquiring the temperature T 2 and the pressure P 2 before supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir after being throttled by the perforation holes of the perforation, the temperature sensor II and the pressure sensor II are used for respectively acquiring the temperature T 1 and the pressure P 1 of the bottom hole of the supercritical CO 2 injection well, then the data acquisition and analysis unit is used for acquiring the corresponding temperature and pressure, and the data acquisition and analysis unit is used for processing, analyzing and calculating to obtain the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu 1 generated by the primary throttling, so that the measurement is convenient and quick, and the accuracy is high.
Further, the vacuum unit is also included, the other end of the sample chamber is open, and a plug is detachably arranged; one end of the plug is communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve, the other end of the plug is communicated with the vacuum unit through a pipeline, and the vacuum unit is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through a pipeline.
The sealing gum cover vacuumizing treatment is carried out through the vacuum unit, and the influence of the air of the exhaust pipeline on the test ensures the smooth test.
Further, a temperature sensor III and a pressure sensor III which are respectively used for acquiring the temperature T 3 and the pressure P 3 of the supercritical CO 2 after the supercritical CO 2 is throttled by the reservoir are fixedly arranged in the plug, and the temperature sensor III and the pressure sensor III are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through circuits.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are that the temperature T 3 and the pressure P 3 of the supercritical CO 2 after the reservoir throttling are respectively acquired through the temperature sensor III and the pressure sensor III, then the corresponding temperature and pressure are acquired by the data acquisition and analysis unit, the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu 2 generated by the secondary throttling is obtained by processing, analysis and calculation, the measurement is convenient and quick, and the accuracy is high.
Further, the testing unit further comprises a constant pressure valve and a flowmeter, wherein the constant pressure valve and the flowmeter are fixedly arranged on a pipeline between the supercritical CO 2 generating unit and the other end of the well completion simulation structural member at intervals, and the constant pressure valve and the flowmeter are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through the pipeline.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is when simulating, through constant pressure valve setting up invariable supercritical CO 2 injection pressure, detect the flow that supercritical CO 2 pours into simultaneously through the flowmeter, then data acquisition analysis unit gathers corresponding temperature and pressure to carry out processing analysis, measure convenient and fast, the precision is high.
The system comprises a sample chamber, a liquid storage tank, a constant pressure pump, a pressure control unit and a pressure control unit, wherein the pressure control unit is used for simulating and controlling the effective pressure of the underground reservoir, the pressure control unit comprises the liquid storage tank and the constant pressure pump, an outlet of the liquid storage tank, the constant pressure pump and the sample chamber are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, and an inlet of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the sample chamber through a pipeline; the constant pressure pump is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through a circuit.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is when simulating, send the liquid (hydraulic oil or water) that stores in the liquid storage pot to the sample room through the constant pressure pump to adjust the pressure in the sample room, thereby change the pressure of sealed gum cover and sample, and then the effective pressure of simulation test reservoir improves the effect of simulation.
Further, the sealing rubber sleeve
And the waste gas collecting tank is communicated with a waste gas collecting tank for collecting test through a recycling pipeline.
The pressure regulating liquid is collected through the liquid storage tank, so that the recycling of the liquid is realized, and the cost is saved.
Further, the test unit further comprises an incubator, and the sample chamber is erected in the incubator through a bracket.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is that keep the sample under the invariable temperature condition all the time through the thermostated container, provide the initial temperature condition of simulation shale reservoir, guarantee the effect of simulation.
Further, the supercritical CO 2 generation unit comprises a CO 2 gas cylinder, a condenser, a plunger booster pump and a supercritical CO2 generation tank which are sequentially communicated through pipelines, and an air outlet of the supercritical CO2 generation tank is communicated with the test unit through a pipeline; the supercritical CO2 generation tank is fixedly sleeved with a temperature control device, and the condenser and the plunger booster pump are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through lines.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that when supercritical CO 2 is prepared, CO 2 stored in a CO 2 gas cylinder is condensed into liquid through a condenser, then the liquid is pressurized and stored in a supercritical CO2 generation tank through a plunger booster pump, and then the temperature is increased through a temperature control device to generate supercritical CO 2 (the temperature is higher than 31.4 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38 MPa), so that the preparation is convenient, quick and efficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of a sample chamber in a test unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a perforating completion simulation structural member in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a perforating completion simulation structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a perforating completion simulation structural member in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an open hole completion simulation structure of the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. The device comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit 2, a supercritical CO 2 generation unit 3, a test unit 4, a sample chamber 5, a sealant sleeve 6, a well completion simulation structural member 7, a perforation 8, a temperature sensor I, a temperature sensor 9, a pressure sensor I, a temperature sensor II, a pressure sensor 12, a vacuum unit 13, a plug 14, a temperature sensor III, a pressure sensor 15, a pressure sensor III, a pressure sensor 16, a constant pressure valve 17, a flowmeter 18, a confining pressure control unit 19, a liquid storage tank 20, a constant pressure pump 21, a test waste gas collection tank 22, a constant temperature box 23, a bracket 24, a CO 2 gas cylinder 25, a condenser 26, a plunger booster pump 27, a supercritical CO2 generation tank 28, a temperature control device 29, a sample 30, a handle jack 31, an injection well bottom simulation structural member 32, a locking structural member 33, a production well simulation structural member 34 and a placing groove.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the examples being provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a device for simulating a joule-thomson effect test of injecting supercritical CO 2 into a shale reservoir, which comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit 1, a supercritical CO 2 generation unit 2 and a test unit 3 which are communicated through a pipeline, wherein the supercritical CO 2 generation unit 2 and the test unit 3 are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1; the supercritical CO 2 generating unit 2 is used for generating supercritical CO 2 and sending the generated supercritical CO 2 to the testing unit 3; the test unit 3 simulates the underground shale reservoir and its temperature and pressure initial conditions and is used to test the temperature and pressure changes of the supercritical CO 2 required to characterize the joule-thomson coefficient of the joule-thomson effect and to monitor the injection flow rate changes of the reactive supercritical CO 2, and the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the measured temperature, pressure and injection flow rate to obtain the joule-thomson coefficient. During simulation, preparing supercritical CO 2 through the supercritical CO 2 generation unit 2, and sending the generated supercritical CO 2 to the test unit 3; the test unit 3 simulates an underground shale reservoir and temperature and pressure initial conditions thereof, and is used for testing supercritical CO 2 temperature and pressure changes required by a Joule-Thomson coefficient for representing the Joule-Thomson effect and monitoring injection flow rate changes for reacting supercritical CO 2 injectability; meanwhile, the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the related data tested by the test unit 3, and processes and analyzes the data to obtain a Joule-Thomson coefficient, so as to evaluate the safety of the supercritical CO 2 engineering injection risk and the supercritical CO 2 fracturing process. Aiming at different well completion modes, the method provided by the invention is used for simulating the multi-order Joule-Thomson effect generated by injecting supercritical CO 2 into an unconventional natural gas reservoir, monitoring the change of parameters such as the temperature, injection pressure, flow rate and the like of the supercritical CO 2, testing the Joule-Thomson coefficient used for representing the Joule-Thomson effect, and has important significance in reducing the injection risk of the supercritical CO 2 engineering and safely implementing the supercritical CO 2 fracturing process.
Example 1
Based on the above structure, in this embodiment, the test unit 3 includes a sample chamber 4 simulating an injection well, and a sealant sleeve 5 for holding a sample 29 to simulate an underground reservoir is fixedly installed in the sample chamber 4; the sample chamber 4 has an open end and is detachably provided with a well completion simulation structural member 6, one end of the well completion simulation structural member 6 is provided with at least one penetrating perforation 7 communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve 5, the other end of the well completion simulation structural member 6 is detachably connected with one end of the injection well bottom hole simulation structural member 31, a threaded connection mode is usually adopted, and the other end of the injection well bottom hole simulation structural member 31 is communicated with the supercritical CO 2 generation unit 2 through a pipeline. During simulation, a sample 29 is filled in the sealing rubber sleeve 5 in the sample chamber 4 to simulate an underground shale reservoir, and then different well completion modes are simulated through well completion simulation structural members 6 with different numbers of perforations 7, so that the influence of a plurality of different well completion modes on the Joule-Thomson effect generated by supercritical CO 2 throttling is simulated.
An external thread is arranged at one end of the sample chamber 4, an internal thread is arranged at the end of the locking structural member 32, and the locking structural member 32 can be used for installing and fixing the well completion simulation structural member 6 in the sample chamber 4. The injection well lower simulation structure 31 is provided with an internal thread and the completion simulation structure 6 is provided with an external thread at one end, whereby one end of the completion simulation structure 6 is screwed with one end of the completion simulation structure 6.
In addition, the locking structural member 32 and the two ends of the injection well bottom simulation structural member 31 are respectively provided with a handle jack 30, so that the assembly and the disassembly are convenient.
The sample chamber 4 is also fixedly provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the internal temperature thereof, and the temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit.
The shale gas reservoir is most commonly completed in an open hole completion mode, and when the completion simulation structural member 6 is a through hole, the completion mode is the open hole completion mode (see fig. 6); when the number of perforations 7 on the completion simulating structure 6 is plural, this is a perforated completion (see fig. 3 to 5).
In addition, when the well completion mode is perforation well completion, the Joule-Thomson effect generated by the perforation 7 with different apertures on the supercritical CO 2 throttling is also influenced, namely the aperture of the perforation 7 is increased, the throttling of the supercritical CO 2 is weakened, the Joule-Thomson effect is weakened, and the tested Joule-Thomson coefficient is correspondingly changed.
Example 2
In the first embodiment, a first temperature sensor 8 and a first pressure sensor 9 for acquiring the temperature T 2 and the pressure P 2 of supercritical CO 2 before entering an underground reservoir after being throttled by a perforation 7 are fixedly installed in one end of a well completion simulation structural member 6 through bolts, and a second temperature sensor 10 and a second pressure sensor 11 for acquiring the bottom temperature T 1 and the pressure P 1 of an injection well are fixedly installed in the other end of the well completion simulation structural member through bolts; the first temperature sensor 8, the second temperature sensor 10, the first pressure sensor 9 and the second pressure sensor 11 are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through circuits, and the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the temperature and pressure values measured by the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors so as to calculate a Joule-Thompson coefficient mu 1 later. During testing, the temperature T 2 and the pressure P 2 before supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir after being throttled by the holes of the perforation 7 are respectively collected through the first temperature sensor 8 and the first pressure sensor 9, meanwhile, the bottom hole temperature T 1 and the pressure P 1 of the supercritical CO 2 injection well are respectively collected through the second temperature sensor 10 and the second pressure sensor 11, then the corresponding temperature and the corresponding pressure are collected through the data collection and analysis unit 1, the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu 1 is obtained through processing, analysis and calculation, and the method is convenient and quick to measure and high in accuracy.
Example 3
On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment further comprises a vacuum unit 12, wherein the other end of the sample chamber 4 is open, and a plug 13 is detachably arranged; one end of the plug 13 is communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve 5, the other end of the plug is communicated with the vacuum unit 12 through a pipeline, and the vacuum unit 12 is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a pipeline. During simulation, the vacuum unit 12 is used for vacuumizing the sealing rubber sleeve 5 and the pipeline, and the influence of air on the test is discharged so as to simulate an underground reservoir and ensure the smooth performance of the test.
An external thread is arranged at one end of the plug 13, an internal thread is arranged on the well bottom structural member 33 of the gas production well, and the external thread and the internal thread are in threaded connection, so that the assembly and the disassembly are convenient; the well bottom structure 33 may also be connected to the plug 13 by a locking structure 32.
In addition, handle jacks 30 are respectively arranged at two ends of the plug 13, so that the plug 13 can be conveniently disassembled and assembled.
Sealing rings are fixedly arranged between the plug 13 and the sample chamber 4 and between the well completion simulation structural member 6 and the sample chamber 4 respectively.
Example 4
Based on the third embodiment, in this embodiment, a third temperature sensor 14 and a third pressure sensor 15 for acquiring the temperature T 3 and the pressure P 3 of the supercritical CO 2 after being throttled by the reservoir are fixedly installed in the plug 13 through bolts, the third temperature sensor 14 and the third pressure sensor 15 are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through circuits, and the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the temperature and pressure values measured by the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors, so as to calculate the joule-thompson coefficient μ 2 later. During testing, the temperature T 3 and the pressure P 3 of the supercritical CO 2 after reservoir throttling are respectively acquired through the temperature sensor III 14 and the pressure sensor III 15, then the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the corresponding temperature and pressure, and the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu 2 is obtained through processing, analysis and calculation, so that the measurement is convenient and quick, and the accuracy is high.
Example 5
On the basis of the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the test unit 3 further includes a constant pressure valve 16 and a flow meter 17, and the constant pressure valve 16 and the flow meter 17 are fixedly installed on a pipeline between the supercritical CO 2 generating unit 2 and the other end of the completion simulation structural member 6 at intervals in a manner that will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, and are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through the pipelines. During simulation, constant supercritical CO 2 injection pressure is set through the constant pressure valve 16, meanwhile, the flow rate of supercritical CO 2 injection is monitored through the flowmeter 17, and then the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires corresponding temperature and pressure and performs processing analysis, so that the measurement is convenient and quick, and the accuracy is high.
The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor can be directly installed at the set position through bolts, the placement groove 34 can also be arranged at the set position, the sensor is installed in the corresponding placement groove 34, the latter is preferred, the space is saved, and the sensor is selected according to the requirement.
Example 6
On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment further comprises a confining pressure control unit 18 for analog control of effective pressure of the underground reservoir, wherein the confining pressure control unit 18 comprises a liquid storage tank 19 and a constant pressure pump 20, an outlet of the liquid storage tank 19, the constant pressure pump 20 and the sample chamber 4 are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, and an inlet of the liquid storage tank 19 is communicated with the sample chamber 4 through a pipeline; the constant pressure pump 20 is connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 by a line. During simulation, the liquid (hydraulic oil or water) stored in the liquid storage tank 19 is sent into the sample chamber 4 through the constant pressure pump 20 so as to adjust the pressure in the sample chamber 4, thereby changing the pressure of the sample 29, further simulating the effective pressure of the test reservoir and improving the simulation effect.
Example 7
On the basis of the seventh embodiment, in the present embodiment, the packing rubber 5 is communicated with the collection tank 21 for collecting the test exhaust gas through a recovery line. During testing, the pressure regulating liquid is collected through the collecting tank 21, so that the recycling of the liquid is realized, and the cost is saved.
Valves are respectively arranged on the pipeline between the liquid storage tank 19 and the sample chamber 4, the pipeline between the outlet of the liquid storage tank 19 and the constant pressure pump 20 and the pipeline between the constant pressure pump 20 and the sample chamber 4, and the valves are all electromagnetic valves and are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through the pipeline.
The test exhaust gas collection tank 21 can be directly communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve 5 through a pipeline, and also can be communicated with a pipeline between the vacuum unit 12 and the sealing rubber sleeve 5, preferably the latter, so that the space is saved, the pipeline arrangement is reasonable, and valves are fixedly installed at the air inlet of the test exhaust gas collection tank 21 and on the air inlet pipeline of the vacuum unit 12 respectively, preferably electromagnetic valves are arranged and are connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through the pipeline respectively.
In addition, the bottom of the test exhaust gas collection tank 21 is provided with a discharge port, and a valve, preferably an electromagnetic valve, is fixedly installed at the discharge port and is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit.
Example 8
On the basis of the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the test unit 3 further includes an incubator 22, the sample chamber 4 is mounted in the incubator 22 by a bracket 23, and the upper end of the bracket 23 is welded or bolted to the sample chamber 4. During testing, the sample 29 is kept under constant temperature conditions all the time by the incubator 22, so as to provide initial temperature conditions for simulating the shale reservoir and ensure the simulation effect.
In addition to the above embodiment, the bracket 23 may be a single body to support the sample chamber 4, or may include two frames respectively disposed below the completion simulating structure 6 and the plug 13, and the upper ends thereof are welded to the bottoms of the completion simulating structure 6 and the plug 13, respectively.
Example 9
On the basis of the above structure, in this embodiment, the supercritical CO 2 generating unit 2 includes a CO 2 gas cylinder 24, a condenser 25, a plunger booster pump 26, and a supercritical CO2 generating tank 27 that are sequentially connected through a pipeline, and an air outlet of the supercritical CO2 generating tank 27 is connected with the test unit 3 through a pipeline; the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is fixedly sleeved with a temperature control device 28, and the condenser 25 and the plunger booster pump 26 are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through circuits. When supercritical CO 2 is prepared, CO 2 stored in a CO 2 gas cylinder 24 is condensed into liquid through a condenser 25, then pressurized and stored in a supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 through a plunger booster pump 26, and then heated through a temperature control device to generate supercritical CO 2 (the temperature is higher than 31.4 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38 MPa), so that the preparation is convenient and quick. The condenser 25 is also fixedly provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit.
Further, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for measuring the internal temperature and pressure thereof are fixedly mounted on the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines.
Valves are fixedly arranged on the pipeline between the CO 2 gas cylinder 24 and the condenser 25 and the pipeline between the plunger booster pump 26 and the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27; the bottom of the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is provided with an exhaust port, and a valve is fixedly installed at the exhaust port.
The temperature control device 28 fixedly installed on the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is usually an electromagnetic heating coil.
The above valves are preferably solenoid valves, which are connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines respectively with the solenoid heating coils.
It should be noted that, the foregoing embodiments may be combined into a plurality of possible solutions, and the specific combination manner is designed according to the requirements of the user.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, drilling a sample 29 required for a test along the bedding direction of a shale reservoir, and loading the sample 29 into a sealing gum cover 5;
secondly, CO 2 stored in the CO 2 gas cylinder 24 is condensed into liquid through a condenser 25, then is pressurized through a plunger booster pump 26, is pressurized and stored in a supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 through the plunger booster pump 26, and is heated through a temperature control device to generate supercritical CO 2;
The sample chamber 4 and the pipeline are vacuumized by a vacuum unit 12. Then, the prepared supercritical CO 2 is sent to the injection well bottom hole simulation structural member 31, the injection well bottom hole simulation structural member 31 enters the sample 29 in the sample chamber 4 through the well completion structural member 6, and the liquid (hydraulic oil or water) stored in the liquid storage tank 19 is sent to the sample chamber 4 through the constant pressure pump 20 so as to adjust the pressure in the sample chamber 4, thereby changing the pressure of the sample 29 and further simulating the effective pressure of the test reservoir; when the pressure in the sample chamber 4 needs to be relieved, the liquid in the sample chamber is returned to the liquid storage tank 19 through the corresponding pipeline;
Finally, the data acquisition and analysis system 1 acquires various parameters through various temperature sensors, pressure sensors, constant pressure valves 16 and flow meters 17, and analyzes the influence of various parameters on the supercritical CO 2 J-Thomson effect in different well completion modes.
The invention relates to a simulation test method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing supercritical CO 2;
s11: condensing and liquefying CO 2 through a condenser 25 to obtain liquid CO 2;
S12: pressurizing the obtained liquid CO 2 by a plunger booster pump 26, and storing in a supercritical CO 2 generation tank 27;
S13: the temperature of the high-pressure liquid CO 2 in the supercritical CO 2 generation tank 27 is raised by the temperature control device 28 to generate supercritical CO 2 (the temperature is higher than 31.4 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38 MPa).
S2: simulating the Joule-Thomson effect of supercritical CO 2 injection into the shale reservoir;
s21: simulating initial conditions of the shale reservoir;
S22: supercritical CO 2 is injected into the simulated shale reservoir to simulate the joule-thomson effect of supercritical CO 2 injection into the shale reservoir.
S3: and measuring corresponding temperature parameters and pressure parameters in the Joule-Thomson effect, and calculating the Joule-Thomson coefficient according to the measured temperature parameters and pressure parameters.
S4: and evaluating the influence of different perforating numbers under different well completion modes and perforating well completion modes on the Joule-Thomson effect generated by the throttling of the supercritical CO 2 injected into the shale reservoir according to the obtained Joule-Thomson coefficient.
When the completion mode in step S4 is open hole completion, the temperature parameters obtained in step S3 include the temperature T 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the temperature T 2 of the supercritical CO 2 after passing through the reservoir, and the obtained pressure parameters include the pressure P 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the pressure P 2 of the supercritical CO 2 after passing through the reservoir, and the calculation formula of the joule-thomson coefficient is as follows:
Wherein H represents the isenthalpic process.
When the completion mode in step S4 is perforation completion, the temperature parameters obtained in step S3 include the temperature T 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the temperature T 2 before the supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir after being throttled by the perforation holes, and the temperature T 3 after the supercritical CO 2 is collected after being throttled by the reservoir, and the obtained pressure parameters include the pressure P 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the pressure P 2 before the supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir after being throttled by the perforation holes, and the pressure P 3 after the supercritical CO2 is collected after being throttled by the reservoir, and the calculation formula of the joule-thomson coefficient is as follows:
Where H represents the isenthalpic process, mu 1 is the Joule-Thomson coefficient generated by supercritical CO 2 through perforation throttling, and mu 2 is the Joule-Thomson coefficient generated by supercritical CO 2 through shale reservoir throttling.
It should be noted that, all electronic components related to the present invention adopt the prior art, and all the components are electrically connected with the data acquisition and analysis system, and the control circuit between the data acquisition and analysis system and all the components is the prior art.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. Supercritical CO 2 is injected into shale reservoir and is burnt experimental analogue means of effect, its characterized in that: the device comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit (1), a supercritical CO 2 generation unit (2) and a test unit (3) which are communicated through a pipeline, wherein the supercritical CO 2 generation unit (2) and the test unit (3) are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1); the supercritical CO 2 generating unit (2) is used for generating supercritical CO 2 and sending the generated supercritical CO 2 to the testing unit (3); the test unit (3) simulates an underground reservoir and temperature and pressure initial conditions thereof, and is used for testing the temperature and pressure changes of supercritical CO 2 required by the Joule-Thomson coefficient for representing the Joule-Thomson effect and monitoring the injection flow rate changes of the reaction supercritical CO 2, and the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) acquires the measured temperature, pressure and injection flow rate to obtain the Joule-Thomson coefficient;
The test unit (3) comprises a sample chamber (4) simulating an injection well, and a sealing rubber sleeve (5) for containing a sample (29) to simulate an underground reservoir is fixedly arranged in the sample chamber (4); one end of the sample chamber (4) is open, a well completion simulation structural member (6) is detachably arranged, at least one penetrating perforation (7) communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve (5) is arranged at one end of the well completion simulation structural member (6), the other end of the well completion simulation structural member is detachably connected with one end of an injection well bottom simulation structural member (31), and the other end of the injection well bottom simulation structural member (31) is communicated with the supercritical CO 2 generation unit (2) through a pipeline;
One end of the well completion simulation structural member (6) is internally and fixedly provided with a first temperature sensor (8) and a first pressure sensor (9) which are respectively used for acquiring the temperature T 2 and the pressure P 2 before supercritical CO 2 enters an underground reservoir after being throttled by the perforation (7), and the other end of the well completion simulation structural member is internally and fixedly provided with a second temperature sensor (10) and a second pressure sensor (11) which are respectively used for acquiring the bottom hole temperature T 1 and the pressure P 1 of an injection well; the first temperature sensor (8), the second temperature sensor (10), the first pressure sensor (9) and the second pressure sensor (11) are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through circuits;
The vacuum unit (12) is also included, the other end of the sample chamber (4) is open, and a plug (13) is detachably arranged; one end of the plug (13) is communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve (5), the other end of the plug is communicated with the vacuum unit (12) through a pipeline, and the vacuum unit (12) is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through a pipeline; a temperature sensor III (14) and a pressure sensor III (15) which are respectively used for acquiring the temperature T 3 and the pressure P 3 of the supercritical CO 2 after the reservoir throttling are fixedly arranged in the plug (13), and the temperature sensor III (14) and the pressure sensor III (15) are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through circuits;
The simulation method of the simulation device comprises the following specific steps:
S1: preparing supercritical CO 2;
S2: simulating the Joule-Thomson effect of supercritical CO 2 injection into the shale reservoir;
S3: measuring corresponding temperature parameters and pressure parameters in the Joule-Thomson effect, and calculating a Joule-Thomson coefficient according to the measured temperature parameters and pressure parameters;
s4: evaluating the influence of different numbers of perforations under different well completion modes and perforation well completion modes on the Joule-Thomson effect generated by the throttling of the supercritical CO 2 injected into the shale reservoir according to the obtained Joule-Thomson coefficient;
When the completion mode in step S4 is open hole completion, the temperature parameters obtained in step S3 include the temperature T 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the temperature T 2 of the supercritical CO 2 after passing through the reservoir, and the obtained pressure parameters include the pressure P 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the pressure P 2 of the supercritical CO 2 after passing through the reservoir, and the calculation formula of the joule-thomson coefficient is as follows:
Wherein, H represents the isenthalpic process;
When the completion mode in step S4 is perforation completion, the temperature parameters obtained in step S3 include the temperature T 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the temperature T 2 before the supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir after being throttled by the perforation holes, and the temperature T 3 after the supercritical CO 2 is collected after being throttled by the reservoir, and the obtained pressure parameters include the pressure P 1 at the bottom of the injection well and the pressure P 2 before the supercritical CO 2 enters the reservoir after being throttled by the perforation holes, and the pressure P 3 after the supercritical CO2 is collected after being throttled by the reservoir, and the calculation formula of the joule-thomson coefficient is as follows:
Where H represents the isenthalpic process, mu 1 is the Joule-Thomson coefficient generated by supercritical CO 2 through perforation throttling, and mu 2 is the Joule-Thomson coefficient generated by supercritical CO 2 through shale reservoir throttling.
2. The supercritical CO 2 injection shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the testing unit (3) further comprises a constant pressure valve (16) and a flowmeter (17), wherein the constant pressure valve (16) and the flowmeter (17) are fixedly arranged on a pipeline between the supercritical CO 2 generating unit (2) and the other end of the well completion simulation structural member (6) at intervals, and the constant pressure valve and the flowmeter are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through the pipeline.
3. The supercritical CO 2 injection shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the underground reservoir pressure simulation system comprises a pressure simulation system, a pressure simulation system and a pressure simulation system, and is characterized by further comprising a confining pressure control unit (18) for simulating and controlling the effective pressure of an underground reservoir, wherein the confining pressure control unit (18) comprises a liquid storage tank (19) and a constant pressure pump (20), an outlet of the liquid storage tank (19), the constant pressure pump (20) and a sample chamber (4) are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, and an inlet of the liquid storage tank (19) is communicated with the sample chamber (4) through a pipeline; the constant pressure pump (20) is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through a circuit.
4. A supercritical CO 2 injection shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test simulation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: one end inside the sealing rubber sleeve (5) is communicated with a test waste gas collecting tank (21) through a recovery pipeline.
5. The supercritical CO 2 injection shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the test unit (3) further comprises an incubator (22), and the sample chamber (4) is erected in the incubator (22) through a bracket (23).
6. The supercritical CO 2 injection shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the supercritical CO 2 generation unit (2) comprises a CO 2 gas cylinder (24), a condenser (25), a plunger booster pump (26) and a supercritical CO 2 which are sequentially communicated through pipelines to generate a supercritical CO2 generation tank (27), and an air outlet of the supercritical CO2 generation tank (27) is communicated with the test unit (3) through a pipeline; the supercritical CO2 generation tank (27) is fixedly sleeved with a temperature control device (28), and the condenser (25) and the plunger booster pump (26) are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through circuits.
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| CN118777421B (en) * | 2024-06-14 | 2025-04-08 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二水文地质工程地质大队(山东省鲁北地质工程勘察院) | A supercritical CO2 storage and damage monitoring test device |
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