CN112880989B - Testing device for characteristic parameters of fluid pressure membrane - Google Patents
Testing device for characteristic parameters of fluid pressure membrane Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及压力流体特性参数的测试领域，具体涉及一种流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置。The invention relates to the testing field of pressure fluid characteristic parameters, in particular to a testing device for fluid pressure film characteristic parameters.
背景技术Background technique
流体端面动压机械密封装置是流体机械中防止高压流体沿转轴泄漏的关键基础件，其密封端面凭借微米级流体膜产生的动压效应运行于非接触的密封状态，利用密封端面之间产生的具有密封刚度的流体压力膜保持了密封端面的非接触润滑密封，使密封装置承载性能好、可靠性高、服役寿命长的特点，广泛应用于石油石化、航空航天等领域。The fluid end face dynamic pressure mechanical seal device is a key basic part in fluid machinery to prevent high-pressure fluid from leaking along the rotating shaft. The fluid pressure film with sealing stiffness maintains the non-contact lubricating seal of the sealing end face, which makes the sealing device have the characteristics of good bearing performance, high reliability and long service life. It is widely used in petroleum, petrochemical, aerospace and other fields.
流体端面动压机械密封装置的密封泄漏率或泵送率以及相对旋转的两机械密封端面之间的流体压力膜的特性参数，如：流体膜的刚度、流体膜厚度变化以及密封装置的泄漏率或泵送率的测量、摩擦扭矩等等，是影响流体端面动压机械密封装置整体密封效果的重要特性指标。而在流体机械实际旋转运动的工况中，两密封端面轴向的接触载荷、相对旋转的转速以及密封端面的动压槽的槽型结构等是影响两机械密封端面之间的流体膜的上述特性参数的重要因素，现有技术通常是通过改变两密封端面轴向的接触载荷、相对旋转的转速以及密封端面的动压槽的槽型结构等工况条件，来测试上述工况条件的变化对流体膜的刚度、流体膜厚度变化以及密封装置的泄漏率或泵送率的测量、摩擦扭矩等流体膜的特性参数的影响。The seal leakage rate or pumping rate of the fluid end face dynamic pressure mechanical seal device and the characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film between the two relative rotating mechanical seal faces, such as: the stiffness of the fluid film, the change of the thickness of the fluid film and the leakage rate of the sealing device Or the measurement of pumping rate, friction torque, etc., are important characteristic indicators that affect the overall sealing effect of the fluid end face dynamic pressure mechanical seal device. In the working condition of the actual rotary motion of the fluid machine, the axial contact load of the two seal end faces, the relative rotation speed and the groove structure of the dynamic pressure groove on the seal end face are the above-mentioned factors that affect the fluid film between the two mechanical seal end faces. The important factors of the characteristic parameters. In the prior art, the changes in the above working conditions are usually tested by changing the working conditions such as the axial contact load on the two sealing end faces, the relative rotation speed, and the groove structure of the dynamic pressure groove on the sealing end faces. Influences on fluid film stiffness, fluid film thickness variation, measurement of leakage rate or pumping rate of sealing device, friction torque and other characteristic parameters of fluid film.
而现有技术中，例如中国专利（申请号CN201310348792）提出了一种空化可视的多功能密封实验装置，然而该专利的装置在上述工况条件的变化的情况下，测试密封装置在不同工况下的流体膜厚度变化以及密封装置的泄漏率或泵送率的测量、摩擦扭矩等流体膜的特性参数的装置，存在以下技术问题：In the prior art, for example, the Chinese patent (application number CN201310348792) proposes a cavitation-visible multifunctional sealing experimental device. Fluid film thickness changes under working conditions and the measurement of leakage rate or pumping rate of the sealing device, friction torque and other characteristic parameters of the fluid film have the following technical problems:
1、测试装置在对两密封端面轴向的相对旋转的转速的控制过程中，不能够实现对相对旋转的转速的连续性变化的精确控制，也不能实现转速按照设定转速变化曲线进行变化，这样就无法模拟流体机械转轴在实际工况中的转速变化，使测试的工况条件无法接近工作实际，测试结果可信度不高，对实际流体机械实际工作以及密封装置的设计指导意义不足。1. In the process of controlling the relative rotation speed of the two sealing end faces in the axial direction, the test device cannot accurately control the continuous change of the relative rotation speed, nor can the speed change according to the set speed change curve. In this way, it is impossible to simulate the speed change of the fluid machinery shaft in the actual working condition, so that the working conditions of the test cannot be close to the actual work, the reliability of the test results is not high, and the actual work of the actual fluid machinery and the design guidance of the sealing device are insufficient.
2、测试装置在对两密封端面轴向的接触载荷的控制过程中，不能够实现对相对载荷的实时的精确控制，并且每改变一次接触载荷时就需要测试装置停机，通过手动调整，精度度差，不能实现自动化控制，测试效率低。2. In the process of controlling the axial contact load of the two sealing end faces, the test device cannot realize real-time and precise control of the relative load, and the test device needs to be shut down every time the contact load is changed. Through manual adjustment, the accuracy Poor, automatic control cannot be realized, and testing efficiency is low.
3、现有的测试装置，每当上述工作参数变化时都需要对装置的多个部件进行拆装或者手动操作，测试效率低，无法实现自动化、智能化控制，装置机械结构复杂，测试过程中故障率高，也不能对于上述载荷、转速的工况参数变化进行实时监测。3. In the existing test device, whenever the above-mentioned working parameters change, multiple parts of the device need to be disassembled or manually operated. The test efficiency is low, and automation and intelligent control cannot be realized. The mechanical structure of the device is complicated. The failure rate is high, and it is impossible to monitor the changes of the above-mentioned load and speed parameters in real time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置，以解决上述背景技术中提出技术问题，为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device for fluid pressure membrane characteristic parameters, to solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置，其专门用于测试流体端面动压机械密封装置中，相互旋转的两密封端面之间的流体压力膜的特性参数，其特征在于：A test device for the characteristic parameters of fluid pressure film, which is specially used for testing the characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film between two mutually rotating sealing end faces in the dynamic pressure mechanical seal device of the fluid end face, which is characterized in that:
具有水平的基座，所述基座上固定有第一力传感器，所述第一力传感器上固定有轴承座，所述轴承座上设置有轴承，所述轴承上设置有圆形弹簧座，所述圆形弹簧座上端面的圆周方向上平均分布地设置有多个相同的气体压胀弹簧，所述多个气体压胀弹簧上端固定有静环座，所述静环座上固定有密封静环。It has a horizontal base, on which a first force sensor is fixed, a bearing seat is fixed on the first force sensor, a bearing is arranged on the bearing seat, and a circular spring seat is arranged on the bearing, A plurality of identical gas compression springs are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the circular spring seat. The upper ends of the plurality of gas compression springs are fixed with a static ring seat, and a sealing ring seat is fixed on the static ring seat. static ring.
所述圆形弹簧座上端面的圆周方向上平均分布地设置有多个相同的限位杆，限位杆的上端部分在滑道槽内竖直方向滑动，所述滑道槽设置在所述静环座的下端面。On the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the circular spring seat, a plurality of identical limit rods are evenly distributed, and the upper end part of the limit rod slides in the vertical direction in the slideway groove, and the slideway groove is arranged on the The lower end surface of the static ring seat.
所述静环座中容纳有油液或者清水，其液面高于密封静环的密封端面，所述静环座右侧密封连通有有机玻璃管，密封静环的上端设置有密封动环，密封动环通过驱动装置驱动旋转，并且在密封动环的一侧设置有相机，在所述相机的一侧设置有冷光源，所述相机连接到计算机。Oil or clear water is contained in the static ring seat, and its liquid level is higher than the sealing end face of the static ring seat. The right side of the static ring seat is sealed with a plexiglass tube, and the upper end of the static ring seat is provided with a sealing dynamic ring. The sealing moving ring is driven to rotate by a driving device, and a camera is arranged on one side of the sealing moving ring, and a cold light source is arranged on one side of the camera, and the camera is connected to a computer.
所述密封动环、密封静环的外圆柱面上分别固定有上定位片、下定位片，并且通过电涡流传感器测得上定位片、下定位片之间的距离以及距离的变化，并将测得的数据无线传送给信息采集器。An upper positioning piece and a lower positioning piece are respectively fixed on the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing dynamic ring and the sealing static ring, and the distance between the upper positioning piece and the lower positioning piece and the change of the distance are measured by an eddy current sensor, and the The measured data is transmitted wirelessly to the information collector.
并且弹簧座右侧通过力臂杆连接到第二力传感器，所述第一力传感器和第二力传感器均通过信号放大器连接到信息采集器，所述信息采集器连接到计算机。And the right side of the spring seat is connected to the second force sensor through the arm lever, and both the first force sensor and the second force sensor are connected to the information collector through the signal amplifier, and the information collector is connected to the computer.
所述旋转驱动装置具有交流电源，交流电源连接变频器，所述变频器连接永磁同步电机，永磁同步电机驱动密封动环旋转，所述变频器连接到计算机。The rotary driving device has an AC power supply, the AC power supply is connected to a frequency converter, the frequency converter is connected to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor drives the sealing moving ring to rotate, and the frequency converter is connected to a computer.
多个所述气体压胀弹簧分别连接到气动控制系统的分流阀的各个排气口，所述气动控制系统控制连接到计算机，所述气动控制系统控制多个所述气体压胀弹簧同步伸缩。A plurality of the gas compression springs are respectively connected to each exhaust port of a diverter valve of a pneumatic control system, and the control of the pneumatic control system is connected to a computer, and the pneumatic control system controls the synchronous expansion and contraction of the plurality of gas compression springs.
所述气动控制系统的高压气源的主气路连接开关阀，所述开关阀的出气口分别连接先导式调压阀和进气阀的进气口，所述进气阀的出气口所述连接先导式调压阀先导腔的旁通气路，所述连接先导式调压阀的出气管路上连接有气压传感器，所述气压传感器连接到控制机构，所述进气阀为二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀，所述进气阀均连接到控制机构，所述控制机构连接到电源和计算机，所述出气管路连接分流阀。The main air path of the high-pressure air source of the pneumatic control system is connected to the on-off valve, the air outlet of the on-off valve is respectively connected to the air inlet of the pilot pressure regulating valve and the air inlet valve, and the air outlet of the air inlet valve is described The bypass air path connected to the pilot cavity of the pilot pressure regulating valve, the air pressure sensor is connected to the outlet pipeline connected to the pilot pressure regulating valve, the air pressure sensor is connected to the control mechanism, and the inlet valve is a two-position three-way electromagnetic Control the high-speed switch valve, the inlet valves are all connected to the control mechanism, the control mechanism is connected to the power supply and the computer, and the gas outlet pipeline is connected to the diverter valve.
所述变频器具有整流模块、储能模块、逆变模块和控制模块。The frequency converter has a rectification module, an energy storage module, an inverter module and a control module.
所述整流模块由预充电电阻R0与串联的整流器构成，所述储能模块由串联的均压电阻R1、R2再与电容器并联构成，所述逆变模块由制动电阻Rb与逆变器串联构成，所述控制模块由电压检测单元、泵升限制单元、电流检测单元、温度检测单元以及输出到永磁同步电机的电流检测单元以及PWM发生器和驱动电路构成。The rectifier module is composed of a pre-charging resistor R0 and a rectifier connected in series, the energy storage module is composed of a voltage equalizing resistor R1 and R2 connected in parallel with a capacitor, and the inverter module is composed of a braking resistor Rb connected in series with an inverter The control module is composed of a voltage detection unit, a pump limit unit, a current detection unit, a temperature detection unit, a current detection unit output to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a PWM generator and a drive circuit.
所述变频器连接到计算机，所述变频器将其电压检测信号、泵升限制信号、电流检测信号、温度检测信号以及输出到永磁同步电机的电流检测信号传输给计算机，并且计算机通过PWM发生器对电压进行调制，启用半导体开关器件的导通和关断把直流电压调制成电压可变、频率可变的电压脉冲列。静环座和有机玻璃管均为透明材料制成。The frequency converter is connected to the computer, and the frequency converter transmits its voltage detection signal, pump rise limit signal, current detection signal, temperature detection signal and current detection signal output to the permanent magnet synchronous motor to the computer, and the computer generates The device modulates the voltage, enabling the on and off of the semiconductor switching device to modulate the DC voltage into a voltage pulse train with variable voltage and variable frequency. Both the static ring seat and the plexiglass tube are made of transparent materials.
所述动压槽设置在所述密封动环的密封端面。The dynamic pressure groove is arranged on the sealing end surface of the sealing dynamic ring.
动压槽形状为螺旋形动压槽或者微孔群型动压槽。The shape of the dynamic pressure groove is a spiral dynamic pressure groove or a micropore group type dynamic pressure groove.
所述油液或者清水中设置有热电偶，热电偶连接到计算机。A thermocouple is arranged in the oil or clear water, and the thermocouple is connected to the computer.
有机玻璃管中设置有液位传感器，所述液位传感器连接到计算机。A liquid level sensor is arranged in the plexiglass tube, and the liquid level sensor is connected to the computer.
本发明的流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置，测试方法如下：The testing device of fluid pressure film characteristic parameter of the present invention, testing method is as follows:
1、实验开始前，安装并调试好测试装置，保证各装置保持水平，选择安装预定的动压槽形状的密封动环，利用气动控制系统控制驱动气体压胀弹簧向密封静环加载竖直方向的载荷，使密封动环与密封静环按一定的载荷接触，利用第一力传感器记录此时的载荷便传送到信息采集器，此时第二传感器测得的力为0；1. Before the start of the experiment, install and debug the test device to ensure that each device is kept level, select and install the predetermined dynamic pressure groove shape of the sealing dynamic ring, and use the pneumatic control system to control the driving gas compression spring to load the vertical direction of the sealing static ring The load, so that the seal dynamic ring and the seal static ring are in contact with a certain load, use the first force sensor to record the load at this time and send it to the information collector, at this time the force measured by the second sensor is 0;
2、利用变频器控制永磁同步电机的输出转速，驱动密封动环的端面相对于密封静环的端面旋转，并且控制密封动环的转速按照预先设定的速度变化曲线，进行连续性的实时变化；由于流体的动压效应，密封动环和密封静环的端面之间会产生流体压力膜，利用第一力传感器监测竖直方向载荷的变化，进而计算判断流体压力膜刚度的变化；利用电涡流传感器测得上定位片与下定位片相对距离的变化，进而得到流体压力膜厚度以及厚度的变化；利用热电偶测得油液或者水的温度，进而得到流体压力膜的温度；利用第二力传感器测得的力乘以力臂，力臂即为第二压力传感器到永磁同步电机轴线的垂直距离，进而得到流体压力膜的摩擦力矩；调整相机以及冷光源位置以及角度，利用计算机控制相机记录流体压力膜空化的情况；利用液位传感器监测有机玻璃管内液位的变化，以获得密封端面的泄漏率或泵送率；以上测得的数据均由计算机进行记录和显示，从而获得流体压力膜的各个特性参数受密封动环转速变化的影响情况。2. Use the frequency converter to control the output speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, drive the end face of the sealing dynamic ring to rotate relative to the end face of the sealing static ring, and control the speed of the sealing dynamic ring according to the preset speed change curve to perform continuous real-time change; due to the dynamic pressure effect of the fluid, a fluid pressure film will be generated between the end faces of the sealing dynamic ring and the sealing static ring, and the first force sensor is used to monitor the change of the vertical load, and then calculate and judge the change of the stiffness of the fluid pressure film; use The eddy current sensor measures the change of the relative distance between the upper positioning piece and the lower positioning piece, and then obtains the thickness of the fluid pressure film and the thickness change; uses the thermocouple to measure the temperature of the oil or water, and then obtains the temperature of the fluid pressure film; The force measured by the second force sensor is multiplied by the force arm, and the force arm is the vertical distance from the second pressure sensor to the axis of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and then the friction torque of the fluid pressure film is obtained; adjust the position and angle of the camera and cold light source, and use the computer Control the camera to record the cavitation of the fluid pressure film; use the liquid level sensor to monitor the change of the liquid level in the plexiglass tube to obtain the leakage rate or pumping rate of the sealing end face; the above measured data are recorded and displayed by the computer, so that The influence of each characteristic parameter of the fluid pressure film by the change of the rotating speed of the sealing ring is obtained.
3、更换安装不同形状的动压槽的密封动环，重复2中的测试方法，测试并记录相应的流体压力膜的各个特性参数，从而获得流体压力膜的各个特性参数受密封动环的不同形状的动压槽的影响情况。3. Replace and install the sealing dynamic ring of the dynamic pressure groove with different shapes, repeat the test method in 2, test and record the various characteristic parameters of the corresponding fluid pressure film, so as to obtain the difference of the various characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film by the sealing dynamic ring The influence of the shape of the dynamic pressure groove.
4、测试开始前，利用气动控制系统控制驱动气体压胀弹簧控制密封动环和密封静环之间的不同接触载荷，重复2中的测试方法，测试并记录相应的流体压力膜的各个特性参数，从而获得流体压力膜的各个特性参数受密密封动环和密封静环之间不同的接触载荷的影响情况。4. Before the test starts, use the pneumatic control system to control the driving gas compression spring to control the different contact loads between the sealing dynamic ring and the sealing static ring, repeat the test method in 2, test and record the various characteristic parameters of the corresponding fluid pressure film , so as to obtain the influence of various characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film by different contact loads between the sealing dynamic ring and the sealing static ring.
其中，气动控制系统控制气体压胀弹簧加载密封动环和密封静环之间的接触载荷的控制方法如下：测试工作开始前，由计算机发出加载指令，计算机向控制机构输入期望的加载的载荷，期望的加载载荷转化为出气管路输出到气体压胀弹簧内的气体压力；高压气源的压力气体经开关阀进入到先导式调压阀和出气管路以及二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀，气压传感器将检测的压力信号传输到控制机构；当气压传感器检测的压力低于期望的加载载荷时，控制机构控制二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀处于下位，此时旁通气路的气体输入到先导式调压阀的先导腔使先导式调压阀的主阀芯下移，先导式调压阀输出的压力升高；当气压传感器检测的压力高于期望的加载载荷时，控制机构控制二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀处于上位，此时先导式调压阀的先导腔中的压力气体经旁通气路和二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀排出，先导式调压阀的主阀芯上移，先导式调压阀输出的压力降低；这样的动态调节直至出气管路输出到压力气体腔内的气体压力与期望的加载载荷偏差为0后并保持出气管路输出的气体压力。输出的压力气体通过分流阀的各个排气口分别输送到各个气体压胀弹簧。Among them, the pneumatic control system controls the gas compression spring to load the contact load between the sealing ring and the sealing static ring as follows: before the test work starts, the computer sends a loading command, and the computer inputs the desired load to the control mechanism, The expected load is transformed into the gas pressure output from the outlet pipeline to the gas expansion spring; the pressure gas from the high-pressure gas source enters the pilot pressure regulating valve, the outlet pipeline and the two-position three-way electromagnetically controlled high-speed switch valve through the switch valve , the air pressure sensor transmits the detected pressure signal to the control mechanism; when the pressure detected by the air pressure sensor is lower than the expected loading load, the control mechanism controls the two-position three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switching valve to be in the lower position, and the gas input of the bypass air path is at this time The pilot chamber of the pilot-operated pressure regulating valve moves the main valve core of the pilot-operated pressure regulating valve downward, and the output pressure of the pilot-operated pressure regulating valve increases; when the pressure detected by the air pressure sensor is higher than the expected load, the control mechanism controls The two-position three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switch valve is in the upper position. At this time, the pressure gas in the pilot cavity of the pilot pressure regulating valve is discharged through the bypass air circuit and the two-position three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switch valve. When the core moves up, the output pressure of the pilot-operated pressure regulating valve decreases; such a dynamic adjustment will keep the output gas pressure of the outlet pipeline until the deviation of the gas pressure output from the outlet pipeline into the pressure gas chamber is 0 and the expected load. The output pressure gas is delivered to each gas compression spring through each exhaust port of the diverter valve.
基于本发明的技术方案，本发明取得了如下技术效果：Based on the technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:
1、优化设计了测试装置的整体结构，简化了测试装置的结构，减小占地空间，并且在测试不同形状的动压槽对于密封端之间流体压力膜特性参数的影响时，更换不同的密封动环或者密封静环，拆装时更加便捷，有利于提高测试效率。1. Optimized the design of the overall structure of the test device, simplified the structure of the test device, and reduced the floor space. When testing the influence of different shapes of dynamic pressure grooves on the characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film between the sealing ends, replace different Sealed dynamic ring or sealed static ring is more convenient for disassembly and assembly, which is conducive to improving test efficiency.
2、利用气体压胀弹簧驱动控制密封静环的竖直运动，控制密封动环和密封静环的接触载荷的大小，并且设计了气体压胀弹簧的气动控制系统利用先导式压力调节阀与二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀的协同配合，实现对气体压胀弹簧载荷的实时精确控制，测试的效率和精度提高，并且易于用计算机实现自动化的控制。2. Use the gas expansion spring to drive and control the vertical movement of the sealing static ring, control the contact load between the sealing dynamic ring and the sealing static ring, and design the pneumatic control system of the gas expansion spring using the pilot pressure regulating valve and the two The coordinated cooperation of the three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switch valve realizes real-time and precise control of the gas compression spring load, improves the efficiency and accuracy of the test, and is easy to use a computer to realize automatic control.
3、交流电源连接变频器，并且设计了变频器的结构通过对输入电流的整流、储能以及逆变处理，通过变频器控制输入到永磁同步电机的电流，进而控制电机转子的转速，并且利用计算机监测记录并控制变频器的工作参数，实现对相对旋转的转速的连续性变化的精确控制，并可以实现转速按照设定程序的变化曲线进行变化，模拟流体机械转轴的转速变化更接近于实际工况，测试结果可信度更高。3. The AC power supply is connected to the frequency converter, and the structure of the frequency converter is designed. Through the rectification of the input current, energy storage and inversion processing, the current input to the permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled by the frequency converter, and then the speed of the motor rotor is controlled, and Use the computer to monitor, record and control the working parameters of the frequency converter to achieve precise control of the continuous change of the relative rotation speed, and can realize the change of the speed according to the change curve of the set program, and the speed change of the simulated fluid mechanical shaft is closer to In actual working conditions, the test results are more reliable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请实施例中流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the testing device of fluid pressure membrane characteristic parameter in the embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施例中密封动环的驱动装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a driving device for sealing a dynamic ring in an embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请实施例中气体压胀弹簧的气动控制系统的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the pneumatic control system of the gas compression spring in the embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请实施例中测试所用的不同的密封动环的动压槽形状结构图；Fig. 4 is the shape and structure diagram of the dynamic pressure groove of different sealing dynamic rings used in the test in the embodiment of the present application;
其中：1、基座，2、第一力传感器，3、轴承，4、轴承座，5、弹簧座，6、气体压胀弹簧，7、静环座，8、油液或者水，9、密封静环，10、密封动环，11、旋转驱动装置，12、相机，13、冷光源，14、热电偶，15、有机玻璃管，16、计算机，17、信息采集器，18、信号放大器，19、第二力传感器，20、力臂杆，21、限位杆，22、滑道槽，23-1、上定位片，23-2、下定位片，23-3、电涡流传感器，6-1、高压气源，6-2、开关阀，6-3、先导式调压阀，6-4、二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀，6-5、气压传感器，6-6、控制机构，6-7、分流阀。Among them: 1. Base, 2. First force sensor, 3. Bearing, 4. Bearing seat, 5. Spring seat, 6. Gas compression spring, 7. Static ring seat, 8. Oil or water, 9. Sealed static ring, 10, sealed dynamic ring, 11, rotary drive device, 12, camera, 13, cold light source, 14, thermocouple, 15, plexiglass tube, 16, computer, 17, information collector, 18, signal amplifier , 19, the second force sensor, 20, the force arm lever, 21, the limit lever, 22, the slideway groove, 23-1, the upper positioning piece, 23-2, the lower positioning piece, 23-3, the eddy current sensor, 6-1. High pressure air source, 6-2. On-off valve, 6-3. Pilot pressure regulating valve, 6-4. Two-position three-way electromagnetic control high-speed on-off valve, 6-5. Air pressure sensor, 6-6. Control mechanism, 6-7, diverter valve.
实施方式Implementation
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described. Apparently, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
一种流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置，其专门用于测试流体端面动压机械密封装置中，相互旋转的两密封端面之间的流体压力膜的特性参数。A testing device for the characteristic parameters of fluid pressure film, which is specially used for testing the characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film between two mutually rotating sealing end faces in the fluid end face dynamic pressure mechanical seal device.
该测试装置具有水平的基座1，所述基座1上固定有第一力传感器2，所述第一力传感器2上固定有轴承座4，所述轴承座4上设置有轴承3，所述轴承3上设置有圆形弹簧座5，所述圆形弹簧座5上端面的圆周方向上平均分布地设置有多个相同的气体压胀弹簧6，所述多个气体压胀弹簧6上端固定有静环座7，所述静环座上固定有密封静环9。The test device has a horizontal base 1, on which a first force sensor 2 is fixed, on which a bearing seat 4 is fixed, on which a bearing 3 is arranged, and the The bearing 3 is provided with a circular spring seat 5, and a plurality of identical gas compression springs 6 are evenly distributed on the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the circular spring seat 5, and the upper ends of the plurality of gas compression springs 6 are A static ring seat 7 is fixed, and a sealing static ring 9 is fixed on the static ring seat.
所述圆形弹簧座5上端面的圆周方向上平均分布地设置有多个相同的限位杆21，限位杆21的上端部分在滑道槽22内竖直方向滑动，所述滑道槽22设置在所述静环座7的下端面，限位杆21使静环座7不能够转动，并且对静环座7竖直方向的上下移动具有导向作用。On the circumferential direction of the upper end surface of the circular spring seat 5, a plurality of identical stop rods 21 are evenly distributed, and the upper end part of the stop rods 21 slides in the vertical direction in the slideway groove 22, and the slideway groove 22 is arranged on the lower end surface of the static ring seat 7, and the limit rod 21 prevents the static ring seat 7 from rotating, and guides the vertical movement of the static ring seat 7 up and down.
所述静环座7中容纳有油液或者清水，其液面高于密封静环9的密封端面，所述静环座7右侧密封连通有有机玻璃管15，密封静环9的上端设置有密封动环10，密封动环10通过驱动装置11驱动旋转，并且在密封动环10的一侧设置有相机12，在所述相机12的一侧设置有冷光源13，所述相机12连接到计算机16。Oil or clear water is contained in the static ring seat 7, and its liquid level is higher than the sealing end surface of the static ring seat 9. The right side of the static ring seat 7 is sealed and communicated with a plexiglass tube 15, and the upper end of the static ring seat 9 is arranged There is a sealing dynamic ring 10, the sealing dynamic ring 10 is driven to rotate by a driving device 11, and a camera 12 is arranged on one side of the sealing dynamic ring 10, and a cold light source 13 is arranged on one side of the camera 12, and the camera 12 is connected to to computer 16 .
所述密封动环10、密封静环9的外圆柱面上分别固定有上定位片23-1、下定位片23-2，并且通过电涡流传感器23-2测得上定位片23-1、下定位片23-2之间的距离以及距离的变化，并将测得的数据无线传送给信息采集器17。The upper positioning piece 23-1 and the lower positioning piece 23-2 are respectively fixed on the outer cylindrical surface of the sealing dynamic ring 10 and the sealing static ring 9, and the upper positioning piece 23-1, the lower positioning piece 23-2 are measured by the eddy current sensor 23-2. Lower the distance between the positioning sheets 23 - 2 and the variation of the distance, and transmit the measured data to the information collector 17 wirelessly.
并且弹簧座右侧通过力臂杆20连接到第二力传感器19，所述第一力传感器2和第二力传感器19均通过信号放大器18连接到信息采集器17，所述信息采集器17连接到计算机16。And the right side of the spring seat is connected to the second force sensor 19 through the arm lever 20, and the first force sensor 2 and the second force sensor 19 are all connected to the information collector 17 through the signal amplifier 18, and the information collector 17 is connected to to computer 16 .
所述旋转驱动装置11具有交流电源11-1，交流电源11-1连接变频器11-2，所述变频器11-2连接永磁同步电机11-3，永磁同步电机11-3驱动密封动环10旋转，所述变频器11-2连接到计算机16。The rotary driving device 11 has an AC power source 11-1, the AC power source 11-1 is connected to a frequency converter 11-2, the frequency converter 11-2 is connected to a permanent magnet synchronous motor 11-3, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor 11-3 drives the seal The moving ring 10 rotates, and the frequency converter 11 - 2 is connected to a computer 16 .
多个所述气体压胀弹簧6分别连接到气动控制系统的分流阀6-7的各个排气口，所述气动控制系统控制连接到计算机16，所述气动控制系统控制多个所述气体压胀弹簧6同步伸缩。A plurality of said gas compression springs 6 are respectively connected to each exhaust port of a diverter valve 6-7 of a pneumatic control system, said pneumatic control system is connected to a computer 16, and said pneumatic control system controls a plurality of said gas pressure springs. Expansion spring 6 is telescopic synchronously.
所述气动控制系统的高压气源6-1的主气路连接开关阀6-2，所述开关阀6-2的出气口分别连接先导式调压阀6-3和进气阀6-4的进气口，所述进气阀6-4的出气口所述连接先导式调压阀6-3先导腔的旁通气路，所述连接先导式调压阀6-3的出气管路上连接有气压传感器6-5，所述气压传感器6-5连接到控制机构6-6，所述进气阀6-4为二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀，所述进气阀6-4均连接到控制机构6-6，所述控制机构6-6连接到电源和计算机，所述出气管路连接分流阀6-7。The main air path of the high-pressure air source 6-1 of the pneumatic control system is connected to the switch valve 6-2, and the gas outlet of the switch valve 6-2 is respectively connected to the pilot pressure regulating valve 6-3 and the intake valve 6-4 The air inlet of the air inlet valve 6-4 is connected to the bypass air path of the pilot chamber of the pilot pressure regulating valve 6-3, and the outlet pipeline connected to the pilot pressure regulating valve 6-3 is connected to There is an air pressure sensor 6-5, the air pressure sensor 6-5 is connected to the control mechanism 6-6, the air intake valve 6-4 is a two-position three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switch valve, and the air intake valve 6-4 is It is connected to the control mechanism 6-6, the control mechanism 6-6 is connected to the power supply and the computer, and the gas outlet pipeline is connected to the diverter valve 6-7.
所述变频器具有整流模块、储能模块、逆变模块和控制模块。The frequency converter has a rectification module, an energy storage module, an inverter module and a control module.
所述整流模块由预充电电阻R0与串联的整流器构成，所述储能模块由串联的均压电阻R1、R2再与电容器并联构成，所述逆变模块由制动电阻Rb与逆变器串联构成，所述控制模块由电压检测单元、泵升限制单元、电流检测单元、温度检测单元以及输出到永磁同步电机的电流检测单元以及PWM发生器和驱动电路构成。The rectifier module is composed of a pre-charging resistor R0 and a rectifier connected in series, the energy storage module is composed of a voltage equalizing resistor R1 and R2 connected in parallel with a capacitor, and the inverter module is composed of a braking resistor Rb connected in series with an inverter The control module is composed of a voltage detection unit, a pump limit unit, a current detection unit, a temperature detection unit, a current detection unit output to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, a PWM generator and a drive circuit.
所述变频器11-2连接到计算机16，所述变频器将其电压检测信号、泵升限制信号、电流检测信号、温度检测信号以及输出到永磁同步电机的电流检测信号传输给计算机，并且计算机通过PWM发生器对电压进行调制，启用半导体开关器件的导通和关断把直流电压调制成电压可变、频率可变的电压脉冲列。静环座和有机玻璃管15均为透明材料制成。The frequency converter 11-2 is connected to the computer 16, and the frequency converter transmits its voltage detection signal, pump limit signal, current detection signal, temperature detection signal and output current detection signal to the permanent magnet synchronous motor to the computer, and The computer modulates the voltage through the PWM generator, enabling the on and off of the semiconductor switching device to modulate the DC voltage into a voltage pulse train with variable voltage and variable frequency. Static ring seat and plexiglass tube 15 are all made of transparent material.
所述动压槽设置在所述密封动环10的密封端面。The dynamic pressure groove is arranged on the sealing end surface of the sealing dynamic ring 10 .
动压槽形状为螺旋形动压槽或者微孔群型动压槽。The shape of the dynamic pressure groove is a spiral dynamic pressure groove or a micropore group type dynamic pressure groove.
所述油液或者清水中设置有热电偶14，热电偶14连接到计算机16。A thermocouple 14 is provided in the oil or clear water, and the thermocouple 14 is connected to a computer 16 .
有机玻璃管15中设置有液位传感器，所述液位传感器连接到计算机16。A liquid level sensor is arranged in the plexiglass tube 15 , and the liquid level sensor is connected to a computer 16 .
本发明的流体压力膜特性参数的测试装置，测试方法如下：The testing device of fluid pressure film characteristic parameter of the present invention, testing method is as follows:
1、实验开始前，安装并调试好测试装置，保证各装置保持水平，选择安装预定的动压槽形状的密封动环，利用气动控制系统控制驱动气体压胀弹簧6向密封静环9加载竖直方向的载荷，使密封动环10与密封静环9按一定的载荷接触，利用第一力传感器2记录此时的载荷便传送到信息采集器17，此时第二力传感器19测得的力为0；1. Before the start of the experiment, install and debug the test device to ensure that each device is kept level, select and install the predetermined dynamic pressure groove shape of the sealing dynamic ring, and use the pneumatic control system to control the driving gas compression spring 6 to load vertically to the sealing static ring 9. The load in the vertical direction makes the sealing dynamic ring 10 and the sealing static ring 9 contact according to a certain load, and the load at this time is recorded by the first force sensor 2 and then transmitted to the information collector 17. At this time, the second force sensor 19 measures force is 0;
2、利用变频器11-2控制永磁同步电机11-3的转速变化，驱动密封动环10端面相对于密封静环9端面旋转，并且控制密封动环10的转速按照预先设定的速度变化曲线，进行连续性的实时变化；由于流体的动压效应，密封动环10和密封静环9的端面之间会产生流体压力膜，利用第一力传感器2测试竖直方向载荷的变化，进而计算判断流体压力膜刚度的变化；利用电涡流传感器23-2测得上定位片与下定位片相对距离的变化，进而得到流体压力膜厚度以及厚度的变化；利用热电偶14测得油液或者水的温度，进而得到流体压力膜的温度；利用第二力传感器19测得的力乘以力臂，力臂即为第二压力传感器到永磁同步电机轴线的垂直距离，进而得到流体压力膜的摩擦力矩；调整相机以及冷光源位置以及角度，利用计算机控制相机记录流体压力膜空化的情况；利用液位传感器监测有机玻璃管内液位的变化，以获得密封端面的泄漏率或泵送率；以上测得的数据均由计算机进行记录和显示，从而获得流体压力膜的各个特性参数受密封动环转速变化的影响情况。2. Use the frequency converter 11-2 to control the speed change of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 11-3, drive the end face of the sealing dynamic ring 10 to rotate relative to the end face of the sealing static ring 9, and control the speed of the sealing dynamic ring 10 to change according to the preset speed The continuous real-time change of the curve; due to the dynamic pressure effect of the fluid, a fluid pressure film will be generated between the end faces of the sealing dynamic ring 10 and the sealing static ring 9, and the first force sensor 2 is used to test the change of the vertical load, and then Calculate and judge the change of the fluid pressure film stiffness; use the eddy current sensor 23-2 to measure the change of the relative distance between the upper positioning piece and the lower positioning piece, and then obtain the fluid pressure film thickness and thickness change; use the thermocouple 14 to measure the oil or the temperature of the water, and then obtain the temperature of the fluid pressure film; utilize the force measured by the second force sensor 19 to multiply the force arm, and the force arm is the vertical distance from the second pressure sensor to the axis of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and then obtain the fluid pressure film friction torque; adjust the position and angle of the camera and cold light source, and use the computer to control the camera to record the cavitation of the fluid pressure film; use the liquid level sensor to monitor the change of the liquid level in the plexiglass tube to obtain the leakage rate or pumping rate of the sealing end face ; The data measured above are all recorded and displayed by the computer, so as to obtain the influence of each characteristic parameter of the fluid pressure film by the change of the rotating speed of the sealing ring.
3、更换安装不同形状的动压槽的密封动环10，重复2中的测试方法，测试并记录相应的流体压力膜的各个特性参数，从而获得流体压力膜的各个特性参数受密封动环的不同形状的动压槽的影响情况。3. Replace and install the sealing dynamic ring 10 of the dynamic pressure groove of different shapes, repeat the test method in 2, test and record the various characteristic parameters of the corresponding fluid pressure film, so as to obtain the various characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film affected by the sealing dynamic ring. Effect of different shapes of dynamic pressure grooves.
4、测试开始前，利用气动控制系统控制驱动气体压胀弹簧6控制密封动环10和密封静环9之间不同的接触载荷，重复2中的测试方法，测试并记录相应的流体压力膜的各个特性参数，从而获得流体压力膜的各个特性参数受密密封动环10和密封静环9之间不同的接触载荷的影响情况。4. Before the test starts, use the pneumatic control system to control the driving gas compression spring 6 to control the different contact loads between the sealing dynamic ring 10 and the sealing static ring 9, repeat the test method in 2, test and record the corresponding fluid pressure film Various characteristic parameters, so as to obtain the influence of various characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film by different contact loads between the sealing dynamic ring 10 and the sealing static ring 9 .
其中，气动控制系统控制气体压胀弹簧6加载密封动环10和密封静环9之间的接触载荷的控制方法如下：测试工作开始前，由计算机发出加载指令，计算机向控制机构输入期望的加载载荷，期望的加载载荷转化为出气管路输出到气体压胀弹簧6内的气体压力；高压气源6-1的压力气体经开关阀6-2进入到先导式调压阀6-3和出气管路以及二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀6-4，气压传感器6-5将检测的压力信号传输到控制机构6-6；当气压传感器6-5检测的压力低于期望的加载载荷时，控制机构6-6控制二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀6-4处于下位，此时旁通气路的气压输入到先导式调压阀6-3的先导腔使先导式调压阀6-3的主阀芯下移，先导式调压阀6-3输出的压力升高；当气压传感器6-5检测的压力高于期望的加载载荷时，控制机构6-6控制二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀6-4处于上位，此时先导式调压阀6-3的先导腔中的压力气体经旁通气路和二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀6-4排出，先导式调压阀6-3的主阀芯上移，先导式调压阀6-3输出的压力降低；这样的动态调节直至出气管路输出到压力气体腔内的气体压力与期望的加载载荷偏差为0后并保持出气管路输出的气体压力。输出的压力气体通过分流阀6-7的各个排气口分别输送到各个气体压胀弹簧6。Among them, the pneumatic control system controls the gas compression spring 6 to load the contact load between the sealing dynamic ring 10 and the sealing static ring 9. The control method is as follows: before the test work starts, the computer sends a loading command, and the computer inputs the expected loading to the control mechanism. Load, the expected loading load is converted into the gas pressure output from the gas outlet pipeline into the gas expansion spring 6; the pressure gas from the high-pressure gas source 6-1 enters the pilot pressure regulating valve 6-3 and the gas outlet through the switch valve 6-2 The air pipeline and the two-position three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switching valve 6-4, the air pressure sensor 6-5 transmits the detected pressure signal to the control mechanism 6-6; when the pressure detected by the air pressure sensor 6-5 is lower than the expected load , the control mechanism 6-6 controls the two-position three-way electromagnetically controlled high-speed switch valve 6-4 to be in the lower position. The main spool of 3 moves down, and the pressure output by the pilot pressure regulating valve 6-3 rises; when the pressure detected by the air pressure sensor 6-5 is higher than the expected loading load, the control mechanism 6-6 controls the two-position three-way solenoid Control the high-speed on-off valve 6-4 to be in the upper position. At this time, the pressure gas in the pilot chamber of the pilot-operated pressure regulating valve 6-3 is discharged through the bypass air path and the two-position three-way electromagnetically controlled high-speed on-off valve 6-4. The main spool of the valve 6-3 moves up, and the output pressure of the pilot pressure regulating valve 6-3 decreases; such a dynamic adjustment is performed until the deviation of the gas pressure output from the outlet pipeline into the pressure gas chamber and the expected load is 0. And maintain the gas pressure output from the gas outlet pipeline. The output pressure gas is delivered to each gas compression spring 6 through each exhaust port of the diverter valve 6-7.
基于本发明的技术方案相比于现有技术，具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the technical solution based on the present invention has the following advantages:
1、优化设计了测试装置的整体结构，简化了测试装置的结构，减小占地空间，并且在测试不同形状的动压槽对于密封端之间流体压力膜特性参数的影响时，更换不同的密封动环或者密封静环，拆装时更加便捷，有利于提高测试效率。1. Optimized the design of the overall structure of the test device, simplified the structure of the test device, and reduced the floor space. When testing the influence of different shapes of dynamic pressure grooves on the characteristic parameters of the fluid pressure film between the sealing ends, replace different Sealed dynamic ring or sealed static ring is more convenient for disassembly and assembly, which is conducive to improving test efficiency.
2、利用气体压胀弹簧驱动控制密封静环的竖直运动，控制密封动环和密封静环的接触载荷的大小，并且设计了气体压胀弹簧的气动控制系统利用先导式压力调节阀与二位三通电磁控制高速开关阀的协同配合，实现对气体压胀弹簧载荷的实时精确控制，测试的效率和精度提高，并且易于用计算机实现自动化的控制。2. Use the gas expansion spring to drive and control the vertical movement of the sealing static ring, control the contact load between the sealing dynamic ring and the sealing static ring, and design the pneumatic control system of the gas expansion spring using the pilot pressure regulating valve and the two The coordinated cooperation of the three-way electromagnetic control high-speed switch valve realizes real-time and precise control of the gas compression spring load, improves the efficiency and accuracy of the test, and is easy to use a computer to realize automatic control.
3、交流电源连接变频器，并且设计了变频器的结构通过对输入电流的整流、储能以及逆变处理，通过变频器控制输入到永磁同步电机的电流，进而控制电机转子的转速，并且利用计算机监测记录并控制变频器的工作参数，实现对相对旋转的转速的连续性变化的精确控制，并可以实现转速按照设定程序的变化曲线进行变化，模拟流体机械转轴的转速变化更接近于实际工况，测试结果可信度更高。3. The AC power supply is connected to the frequency converter, and the structure of the frequency converter is designed. Through the rectification of the input current, energy storage and inversion processing, the current input to the permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled by the frequency converter, and then the speed of the motor rotor is controlled, and Use the computer to monitor, record and control the working parameters of the frequency converter to achieve precise control of the continuous change of the relative rotation speed, and can realize the change of the speed according to the change curve of the set program, and the speed change of the simulated fluid mechanical shaft is closer to In actual working conditions, the test results are more reliable.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
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