CN112840766A - Driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding combined type grass-soil separation device - Google Patents
Driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding combined type grass-soil separation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112840766A CN112840766A CN201911177526.6A CN201911177526A CN112840766A CN 112840766 A CN112840766 A CN 112840766A CN 201911177526 A CN201911177526 A CN 201911177526A CN 112840766 A CN112840766 A CN 112840766A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种驱动切茬与被动导草组合式草土分离装置，包括机架、破茬切茬装置、开沟装置、动力传动装置、固定装置五部分组成。所述破茬切茬装置主要由凹面缺口圆盘刀、灭茬刀片和刀座组成，其中凹面缺口圆盘刀与灭茬刀片通过刀座对称安装在传动轴上，所述开沟装置主要由开沟器铲尖、空心铲柄和凸弧形导草板组成，机架通过三点悬挂与拖拉机挂接，动力经传动装置传递给刀座，刀座带动破茬切茬装置回转，实现破茬切茬；开沟装置在拖拉机牵引下通过凸弧形导草板将杂草、秸秆及表层干土抛、导至播种带两侧，保证种子播在湿土上。本发明中破茬切茬装置与开沟装置的有效组合能够实现草土分离与干湿土分层，为种子萌发提供良好的种床环境。
The invention discloses a combined grass and soil separation device for driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding, which comprises five parts: a frame, a stubble breaking and cutting device, a ditching device, a power transmission device and a fixing device. The stubble breaking and cutting device is mainly composed of a concave notch disc knife, a stubble cutting blade and a knife seat, wherein the concave notch disk knife and the stubble cutting blade are symmetrically installed on the transmission shaft through the knife seat, and the ditching device is mainly composed of ditching. The shovel tip, hollow shovel handle and convex arc grass guide plate are composed. The frame is connected to the tractor through three-point suspension, and the power is transmitted to the knife seat through the transmission device. Stubble; under the traction of the tractor, the ditching device throws weeds, straws and surface dry soil to both sides of the sowing belt through the convex arc grass guide plate to ensure that the seeds are sown on the wet soil. The effective combination of the stubble-breaking and stubble-cutting device and the ditching device in the invention can realize the separation of grass and soil and the stratification of dry and wet soil, and provide a good seedbed environment for seed germination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grass soil separating and dry and wet soil layering device of a no-tillage planter, in particular to a combined grass soil separating device for driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The protective farming technology is an advanced agricultural farming technology, and is beneficial to reducing soil wind erosion and water erosion, improving soil fertility and drought resistance and protecting ecological environment when being applied to farmlands. The no-tillage seeding is one of the key technologies of the protective farming technology, and has the advantages of reducing the tillage operation of the traditional furrow plough on the soil, reducing the disturbance on the soil, reducing the evaporation of the water in the soil, being beneficial to storing the water in the soil and preserving the moisture of the soil, further improving the drought resistance of the soil and increasing the crop yield. Because the no-tillage planter works on the ground surface covered with straws, stubble and weeds, the technical problems that machines and tools are difficult to pass through, the straws and the weeds are wound around a furrow opener, the grass soil is mixed with the dry soil and the wet soil are mixed and the like easily occur, so that the no-tillage planting quality and the crop yield are sharply reduced. Therefore, the development of a high-quality straw-soil separating and straw-clearing anti-blocking device of a no-tillage seeding machine is urgently needed to treat straws and weeds and crop stubble remained on the ground surface after the previous stubble crops are harvested, further realize the separation of the straw and soil and the layering of dry and wet soil, provide a good seedbed environment for seed germination and smooth seedling emergence, and improve the no-tillage seeding quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a combined type grass-soil separating device for driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a combined type grass-soil separation device for driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding is characterized in that: mainly comprises a frame, a stubble breaking and cutting device, a ditching device, a power transmission device and a fixing device; the stubble breaking and cutting device is mounted on a transmission shaft matched with the rack through a cutter holder, the ditching device is mounted behind the stubble breaking and cutting device on the rack through a fixing device, the ditching device and the stubble breaking and cutting device together clear straws and weeds on the seeding belt, and the cut straws, the cut weeds and surface dry soil on the seeding belt are thrown and guided to two sides of the seeding belt, so that the straw-soil separation and the dry-wet soil layering are realized.
The stubble breaking and cutting device mainly comprises a concave notch disc cutter, a stubble cleaning blade and a cutter holder; the cutter holder is provided with 12 groups of mounting holes for mounting concave notch disc cutters and stubble cleaning blades, when the cultivation precision cannot be ensured due to serious abrasion of the cutter holder mounting holes, the cutter is adjusted to be matched with the cutter holder mounting holes which are not abraded so as to ensure the corresponding cultivation requirements, and the problems of working hour consumption and material waste caused by replacement of the cutter holder are solved; each group of stubble breaking and cutting devices consists of a pair of concave surface notch disc cutters which are arranged back to back and 6 stubble cleaning blades which are arranged between the concave surface notch disc cutters in a face-to-face mode through a cutter holder, pre-tillage of different depths of the ground surface of a seeding belt covered with straws and weeds can be realized by adjusting the relative positions of the stubble cleaning blades and cutter holder mounting holes, and the blockage problem caused by the fact that the straws and the weeds are wound around cutter shafts is effectively prevented.
The concave notch disc cutters are symmetrically arranged on the transmission shaft through the cutter seats and outwards have certain deflection angles, so that straws and weeds are cut and the cut straws and weeds are thrown to two sides of the sowing belt in the rotating and advancing process of the cutters, the cutter teeth of the concave notch disc cutters are in a convex arc shape, the sliding cutting effect on the straws and the weeds can be realized, and the problem of large operation resistance caused by cutting the straws and the weeds by the cutters is effectively solved.
The ditching device mainly comprises a shovel tip of a ditcher, a hollow shovel handle and a convex arc-shaped grass guide plate, wherein the convex arc-shaped grass guide plate is welded on the hollow shovel handle, straw, weeds and surface dry soil on a seeding belt which are cut off by a stubble breaking and cutting device are guided into V-shaped ditches on two sides of the seeding belt by the stubble breaking and cutting device, and the seeding belt is prevented from falling back, so that a no-tillage seeding machine operates on the clean seeding belt, the straw-soil separation and the dry-wet soil layering are further realized, seeds are guaranteed to be sowed on wet soil all the time, and the seeds are guaranteed to germinate and emerge smoothly.
The power transmission device mainly comprises a transmission shaft, a belt pulley, a motor and the like, wherein the motor is fixed on the rack, power is transmitted to the transmission shaft through the belt pulley, and the transmission shaft drives the concave notch disc cutter to rotate circularly through the cutter holder, so that the straw and weeds are cut.
The fixing device mainly comprises a fixing plate, a U-shaped fixing bolt, a fixing nut and the like; the hollow shovel handle is mainly used for fixing the ditching device, and the soil penetration depth of the ditching device can be controlled by adjusting the relative position of the hollow shovel handle and the fixing device.
The ditching device is arranged behind the stubble breaking and cutting device and is arranged on the frame through a U-shaped fixing bolt, a fixing nut and a fixing plate of the fixing device, and the shovel tip of the ditching device extends into the rotary radial circumference of the disc cutter with the concave notch for a certain distance so as to process straws and weeds cut off by the stubble breaking and cutting device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the furrow opener with the convex arc-shaped grass guiding plate and the concave notch disc cutter are designed to cut straws, weeds and crop stubbles on the ground surface under the synergistic action, and guide the cut straws, weeds, crop stubbles and surface dry soil into a V-shaped furrow formed by the concave notch disc cutter on two sides of the sowing belt, so that the straws are effectively prevented from falling back to the sowing belt, and seeds are guaranteed to be sown on wet soil; meanwhile, the stubble cleaning blade arranged between the concave notch disc cutters pre-cultivates the seeding belt covered with the straws and the weeds to a certain depth, and prevents the transmission shaft between the concave notch disc cutters from being wound by the straws and the weeds to influence the no-tillage seeding quality, so that the technical problems that the straws, the weeds and the like are wound on a furrow opener, the machine tool is difficult to pass through, the grass soil is mixed with the dry and wet soil are mixed and the like in the operation process of the no-tillage seeding machine are solved, the seed airing and setting phenomena in the no-tillage seeding process are effectively avoided, the no-tillage seeding machine is ensured to operate on the clean ground surface, and the no-tillage seeding quality is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general assembly view of a combined driven stubble cutting and passive grass guiding type sod and soil separating device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an installation schematic diagram of the stubble breaking and cutting device and the ditching device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the stubble breaking and cutting device.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the stubble-cleaning blade.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a concave notch circular disc cutter.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the ditching device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the grass guiding plate.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a machine frame, 1-1 parts of a cross beam, 1-2 parts of a three-point suspension bracket, 1-3 parts of a mounting pin, 2 parts of a stubble breaking and cutting device, 2-1 parts of a concave notch disc cutter, 2-2 parts of a cutter holder, 2-3 parts of a stubble cleaning blade, 2-4 parts of a transmission shaft, 2-5 parts of a cutter head mounting hole, 2-6 parts of a cutter head fixing nut, 2-7 parts of a cutter head fixing bolt, 3 parts of a ditching device, 3-1 parts of a ditching device shovel tip, 3-2 parts of a convex arc grass guide plate, 3-3 parts of a hollow shovel handle, 4 parts of a power transmission device, 4-1 parts of a motor, 4-2 parts of a belt pulley shell, 4-3 parts of a transmission belt, 5 parts of a fixing device, 5-1 parts of a fixing plate, 5-2 parts of a fixing nut, 5-.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to further understand the purpose, the working principle and the function of the present invention.
As shown in figures 1-7, a combined grass-soil separating device for driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding comprises a frame (1), a stubble cutting device (2), a ditching device (3), a power transmission device (4) and a fixing device (5). Wherein the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) consists of a pair of concave notch disc cutters (2-1) which are arranged back to back, stubble cleaning blades (2-3) which are arranged face to face, a cutter seat (2-2) and a transmission shaft (2-4), the concave notch disc cutters (2-1) are arranged on the transmission shaft (2-4) through the cutter seat (2-2), the stubble cleaning blades (2-3) are arranged between the two concave notch disc cutters (2-1) through the cutter seat (2-2), a motor (4-1) transmits power to the transmission shaft (2-4) through a transmission belt (4-3), the transmission shaft (2-4) drives the whole stubble breaking and cutting device (2) to start rotating through the cutter seat (2-2), and the machine frame (1) moves along the advancing direction of the tractor under the traction action of the tractor, so that the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) continuously cuts straws and weeds while advancing along the random group. The ditching device (3) is arranged behind the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) and mainly comprises a ditching device shovel tip (3-1), a convex arc-shaped grass guide plate (3-2) and a hollow shovel handle (3-3), wherein the ditching device shovel tip (3-1) extends into the radial rotary circumference of the concave notch disc cutter (2-1) for a certain distance so as to guide cut straws and weeds to two sides of a seeding belt in time, and the distance between the ditching device shovel tip (3-1) and the radial rotary circumference of the concave notch disc cutter (2-1) in the advancing direction of the unit is controlled by adjusting different positions of the ditching device (3) and an upper cross beam (1-1) of the machine frame (1), so that corresponding agricultural technical requirements are met; the hollow shovel handle (3-3) is installed on the frame through the fixing device (4), the soil penetration depth of the ditching device (3) can be controlled by adjusting the relative position of the hollow shovel handle (3-3) and the frame (1) in the vertical direction, when the ditching device (3) passes through, dry soil on the surface layer of the seeding belt, straws and weeds are guided into the V-shaped ditch formed by the two concave notch disc cutters (2-1) on the two sides of the seeding belt under the action of the convex arc-shaped grass guide plate (3-2), so that the separation of the grass and the soil and the layering of the dry and wet soil are realized, the no-tillage seeder is ensured to operate on the clean ground surface, and the no-tillage seeding quality is improved.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the entire device is suspended behind the tractor by a three-point suspension and moves in the forward direction of the tractor. During operation, a motor (4-1) provides power and transmits the power to a transmission shaft (2-4) through a transmission belt (4-3), the transmission shaft (2-4) drives a stubble breaking and cutting device (2) to start rotating (the rotating direction is consistent with the advancing direction of a machine) through a cutter holder (2-2), a concave notch disc cutter (2-1) on the transmission shaft circularly cuts straws and weeds and forms a V-shaped groove along the advancing direction of a unit, a stubble cleaning blade (2-3) carries out pre-tillage with a certain depth on the ground surface of a seeding belt coated with the straws and the weeds, the tillage depth is smaller than the soil penetrating depth of a furrowing device (3), the whole device horizontally advances along the direction of the seeding belt under the traction of a tractor, and the furrowing device (3) provided with a convex arc-shaped grass guide plate (3-2) gradually penetrates into the soil along with the advancing of the tractor, when the ditching device (3) reaches a certain soil penetration depth, weeds, straws and stubbles covering the ground surface are lifted, the concave notch disc cutter (2-1) supports and cuts the ditching device for the second time, the cut weeds, straws, stubbles and surface dry soil on the seeding belt are guided to two sides of the seeding belt under the action of the convex arc-shaped grass guide plate (3-2), self gravity and inertia force and fall into a V-shaped ditch opened by the concave notch disc cutter (2-1), the weeds, straws, stubbles and the surface dry soil on the seeding belt are prevented from falling back to the seeding belt, so that the separation of the weeds and the layering of the dry soil are realized, a good seedbed environment is provided for seed germination, the accumulation and congestion of the straws, the weeds and the like in front of the ditching device (3) are reduced, and soil contact components such as a seeding device, a fertilizing ditcher, a soil covering roller and the like can be ensured to pass smoothly, effectively solves the problem of blockage of the ditching device (3) and reduces the operation resistance.
As shown in fig. 2, the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) and the furrowing device (3) jointly form a core working component of the present invention, wherein the furrowing device (3) is installed at the rear of the stubble breaking and cutting device (2), and the shovel tip (3-1) of the furrowing device extends into the radial rotation circumference of the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) for a certain distance, so that the straw and weeds in front of the furrowing device (3) are formed with supporting cutting under the action of the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) to prevent the straw from winding the furrowing device (3), thereby improving the straw cleaning efficiency and effectively solving the blockage problem.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the concave notch disc cutters (2-1) are arranged on the cutter base (2-2) back to back, the cutter teeth are in a convex arc structure as shown in fig. 5 and have a certain deflection angle outwards, and cut straws and weeds are thrown backwards and to two sides of the sowing belt while the straws are cut in a sliding manner, so that the problem of large operation resistance caused by cutting the straws and the weeds is avoided; 12 groups of mounting holes (2-5) are formed in the concave notch disc cutter (2-1), and the problems of labor hour waste and material waste caused by replacement of the cutter holder (2-2) are solved by adjusting the relative positions of the mounting holes (2-5) and the mounting holes of the cutter holder (2-2).
As shown in fig. 4, in order to ensure the stress balance and the stable movement of the unit, the opposite surfaces of the stubble cleaning blades (2-3) are crossly arranged on the cutter base (2-2) between the two concave notch disc cutters (2-1), and cutting edges are arranged on both sides of the stubble cleaning blades (2-3), when the blades cannot normally work due to serious abrasion, different stubble cleaning blades (2-3) do not need to be replaced, the requirements can be met only by replacing the positions of the two adjacent stubble cleaning blades (2-3), and the universality of the stubble cleaning blades (2-3) is improved.
As shown in fig. 6-7, the furrowing device (3) is provided with a convex arc-shaped grass guiding plate (3-2) for guiding the straws, the stubble and the weeds cut off by the stubble breaking and cutting device (2) and the furrowing device (3) and the surface dry soil on the seeding belt into the V-shaped ditch formed by the concave notched disc (2-1) on the two sides of the seeding belt to prevent the straws, the stubble and the weeds from falling back to the seeding belt, so that the grass-soil separation and the dry-wet soil layering are realized, the no-tillage seeding machine operates on a clean ground surface environment, the seeds are sowed on the wet soil, the phenomena of seed airing and seed setting are effectively avoided, a good seedbed environment is provided for seed germination, the no-tillage seeding quality is improved, and the crop yield is increased.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and main features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications of the technical solutions of the present invention that a person skilled in the art can make without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911177526.6A CN112840766A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding combined type grass-soil separation device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911177526.6A CN112840766A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding combined type grass-soil separation device |
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| CN201911177526.6A Pending CN112840766A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Driving stubble cutting and passive grass guiding combined type grass-soil separation device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113748764A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | No-tillage combined seed and fertilizer drill with prevent stifled device |
| CN114946357A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-30 | 塔里木大学 | A green manure trenching and burying device |
| CN115500100A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | Field straw processing apparatus |
-
2019
- 2019-11-27 CN CN201911177526.6A patent/CN112840766A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113748764A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-12-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | No-tillage combined seed and fertilizer drill with prevent stifled device |
| CN114946357A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-30 | 塔里木大学 | A green manure trenching and burying device |
| CN115500100A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | Field straw processing apparatus |
| CN115500100B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-05-05 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | Field straw processing apparatus |
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