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CN112840145B - 不平衡轴 - Google Patents

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CN112840145B
CN112840145B CN201980066061.9A CN201980066061A CN112840145B CN 112840145 B CN112840145 B CN 112840145B CN 201980066061 A CN201980066061 A CN 201980066061A CN 112840145 B CN112840145 B CN 112840145B
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needle
shaft
rolling
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row
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CN112840145A (zh
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汉尼斯·施莱尔
诺伯特·盖尔
托马斯·侯赛纳
简·纳根加斯特
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/44—Needle bearings
    • F16C19/48—Needle bearings with two or more rows of needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/44—Needle bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
    • F16C3/18—Eccentric-shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/48—Cages for rollers or needles for multiple rows of rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/585—Details of specific parts of races of raceways, e.g. ribs to guide the rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/22—Compensation of inertia forces
    • F16F15/26—Compensation of inertia forces of crankshaft systems using solid masses, other than the ordinary pistons, moving with the system, i.e. masses connected through a kinematic mechanism or gear system
    • F16F15/264—Rotating balancer shafts
    • F16F15/267—Rotating balancer shafts characterised by bearing support of balancer shafts; Lubrication arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/18—Camshafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/211—Eccentric

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种不平衡轴(1)，其质心偏心于其旋转轴(6)且产生轴不平衡(7)，所述不平衡轴包括：‑轴承轴颈(2)，其相对于在负载区(8)中作用在轴承轴颈上的轴不平衡(7)基本上处于静止状态，并且在其圆周上具有可变宽度；‑以及多排式滚针环(3)，其滚针排(12、13、14)在内滚道(15、16、17)上滚动，内滚道在轴承轴颈的外侧表面上延展；其中：‑所述内滚道(16)中的至少一个全周向地延伸360°；‑以下条件在整个负载区上适用于内滚道的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排的有效滚针长度L：B>L；‑并且以下条件至少在负载区之外的部段适用于内滚道(15、17)中的至少一个的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排(12、14)的有效滚针长度L：B<L。以下条件应全周向地适用于全周向的内滚道的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排(13)的有效滚针长度L：B>L。

Description

不平衡轴
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不平衡轴，其质心偏心于其旋转轴且产生轴不平衡。该不平衡轴包括：
-轴承轴颈，该轴承轴颈相对于在负载区中作用在轴承轴颈上的轴不平衡基本上处于静止状态，并且在其圆周上具有可变宽度；
-以及多排式滚针环，其滚针排在内滚道上滚动，该内滚道在轴承轴颈的外侧表面上延展；
其中：
-内滚道中的至少一个全周向地延伸360°；
-以下条件在整个负载区上适用于内滚道的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排的有效滚针长度L：B>L；
-并且以下条件至少在负载区之外的部段适用于内滚道中的至少一个的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排的有效滚针长度L：B<L。
背景技术
通常，有效滚针长度被理解为滚针的总长度减去不处于滚动接触的滚针端轮廓。
这种不平衡轴的典型应用是质量平衡传动装置，该质量平衡传动装置补偿往复活塞式内燃发动机的自由惯性力和/或惯性力矩。轴不平衡作为点负载作用在轴承轴颈的负载区上，使得其宽度的尺寸被设计成可根据点负载而改变：在已知的轴承轴颈中，与负载区相对的周向区域相对较窄，或者滚柱轴承的内滚道在该区域中以零的宽度完全中断，参见例如EP 1 775 484 B2，从该文献中可以看到具有安装在滚柱轴承上的可变宽度轴承轴颈的不平衡轴在减小不平衡轴的操作摩擦和重量方面的技术优点。
然而，完全中断轴承轴颈的先决条件当然是在中断的周向区域中没有操作力，这在该区域中也需要径向轴承支撑。相反地，这意味着滚动轴承也必须被调节以适应作用在其上的径向力，诸如来自轴驱动的横向力，该横向力在不平衡引起的负载区外部的周向区域中作用为周向负载。
从DE 10 2014 210 366 A1中已知一种具有全周向和宽度可变的轴承轴颈以及作为径向轴承的双排滚针环的一般不平衡轴。特别地在滚针具有非常大的长度-直径比时使用的多排滚针轴承的一个优点是，由滚动体缠结引起的轴向推力最小。滚针被构造得越长，其在操作中就越容易被缠结。当长滚针被分成若干个较短的滚针时，其缠结较小，并且因此整个滚针轴承中的轴向推力减小。
发明内容
本发明的目的是规定一种具有滚针轴承的不平衡轴，该滚针轴承以结构上有利的方式与负载情况相匹配，在该负载情况下，由于负载区不平衡，轴不平衡以及进一步的径向力在不平衡引起的负载区内和该负载区外两者作用在轴承轴颈上。
根据本发明，该目的通过以下条件实现，即以下条件全周向地适用于全周向的内滚道的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排的有效滚针长度L：B>L。
根据本发明的滚道宽度的尺寸一方面意味着作用在不平衡引起的负载区中的轴承轴颈负载由所有滚针排共同地吸收和传递，并且另一方面意味着沿着整个内滚道滚动的滚针排的滚针总是在全周向的内滚道上以其整个有效长度呈滚动接触，并且因此在任一侧或两侧上都不突出到内滚道上方。它们对整个有效滚针长度的全周向支撑具有这样的效果，即至少该滚针排的滚针在不平衡引起的负载区之外的经受径向力的周向区域内以及在该周向区域中均不受边缘支撑地滚动。
取决于在不平衡引起的负载区外部对轴承轴颈加载的径向力的水平，具有滚道宽度B＝0的内滚道的一个或多个可以围绕圆周完全中断。在完全滚道宽度和中断之间的过渡一方面可以随着滚道宽度逐渐减小而发生。另一方面，如果在轴承轴颈的这些周向区域中的内滚道没有径向力并且因此没有负载，则内滚道特别地应该是无过渡地中断的。无过渡中断应当理解为是指中断的内滚道(在滚道中断的旋转方向上看)以轴向平行边缘结束和开始。这也防止了在滚道断裂的开始和结束处在滚针上的促成磨损的边缘支撑。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和设计由以下描述和附图得出，在附图中以简单的方式示出了根据本发明的不平衡轴的示例性实施例。在附图中：
图1以透视图示出了不平衡轴，
图2以透视局部截面示出了不平衡轴的轴承轴颈的放大细节；
图3以纵向截面示出了轴承轴颈的放大细节。
具体实施方式
图1示出了质量平衡传动装置的不平衡轴1，该质量平衡传动装置用于平衡采用四缸直列式设计的内燃发动机的自由惯性力和惯性力矩的二次方。在这种情况下，质量平衡传动装置包括两个这种不平衡轴1，所述两个不平衡轴以两倍于曲轴速度的速度沿相反方向旋转。在简化的图示中，省略了其他的附加零件，诸如驱动不平衡轴1的链条或齿轮或者吸收轴向力的深沟球轴承。
如图2中放大所示，不平衡轴1具有轴承轴颈2和多排式滚针环3，该多排式滚针环围绕轴承轴颈2以用于径向安装的目的。邻接轴承轴颈2的轴部段4和5设计为不平衡部段，使得不平衡轴1的质心偏心于其旋转轴6且产生轴不平衡7。轴承轴颈2还涉及产生轴不平衡7，以有利于具有周向可变宽度的轻质轴结构，并且相对于轴不平衡7保持静止，使得其在负载区8中向轴承轴颈2施加点负载。负载区8和轴不平衡7在图3中用阴影和箭头表示。轴承轴颈2从相邻轴部段4、5的轴向肩部9和10径向地跳回，其中轴向肩部9、10仅在轴承轴颈2的部分圆周上延伸，并且负载区8在该部分圆周内延展，该部分圆周大约为180°。
不平衡轴1还设置有驱动凸轮11，该驱动凸轮驱动内燃发动机的燃料泵(未示出)的柱塞。
轴承轴颈2相对于不平衡平面镜像对称，该不平衡平面由不平衡轴1的质心及其旋转轴6跨越。轴承轴颈2的周向可变的宽度适于其周向可变的径向力负载，该周向可变的径向力负载由轴不平衡7并且由驱动凸轮11的反作用力产生。负载区8比轴承轴颈2的直径上相对的周向区域明显更重地被加载。
滚针环3具有三排，并且其结构上相同的滚针排12、13和14在直接由轴承轴颈2的外侧表面形成的内滚道15、16和17上滚动。滚针环3和内滚道15至17相对于中心滚针排13镜像对称，从而滚针环3可以以无方向性的方式安装。
作为在轴承轴颈2上的直接滚道的替代，内滚道也可以在结合到轴承轴颈并且具有对应可变的宽度的轴承环上延展。
在负载区8的整个周向区域上，轴承轴颈2的宽度的尺寸被设计成使得以下尺寸关系适用于每个内滚道15至17的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排12至14的有效滚针长度L：B>L。因此，轴承负载在所有滚针排12至14的整个有效滚针长度L上在负载区8的整个周向区域中传递。
中心内滚道16在360°上完全延伸，其中尺寸关系B>L全周向地适用于其滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的滚针排13的有效滚针长度L。两个外侧的内滚道15和17在负载区8的外部各自以滚道宽度B＝0被完全中断，从而由驱动凸轮11的反作用力在中断的周向区域中产生的轴承负载仅从中心内滚道16和在其上滚动的滚针排13传递。每个内滚道15和17的中断是无过渡的，即内滚道15和17在周向方向上以轴向平行的边缘18和19结束和开始，在所述边缘上轴承轴颈2是无负载的。
附图标记列表
1 不平衡轴
2 轴承轴颈
3 轴部段
4 轴部段
5 轴部段
6 旋转轴
7 轴不平衡
8 负载区
9 轴向肩部
10 轴向肩部
11 驱动凸轮
12 滚针排
13 滚针排
14 滚针排
15 内滚道
16 内滚道
17 内滚道
18 边缘
19 边缘

Claims (6)

1.一种不平衡轴(1)，其质心偏心于其旋转轴(6)并产生轴不平衡(7)，所述不平衡轴包括：
-轴承轴颈(2)，所述轴承轴颈相对于在负载区(8)中作用在所述轴承轴颈(2)上的所述轴不平衡(7)基本上处于静止状态，且在其圆周上具有可变宽度；
-以及多排式滚针环(3)，其滚针排(12、13、14)在内滚道(15、16、17)上滚动，所述内滚道在所述轴承轴颈(2)的外侧表面上延展；
其中：
-所述内滚道(16)中的至少一个全周向地延伸360°；
-以下条件在整个负载区(8)上适用于所述内滚道(15、16、17)的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的所述滚针排(12、13、14)的有效滚针长度L：B>L；
-且以下条件至少在所述负载区(8)之外的部段适用于所述内滚道(15、17)中的至少一个的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的所述滚针排(12、14)的有效滚针长度L：B<L；
其特征在于，以下条件全周向地适用于全周向的内滚道(16)的滚道宽度B和在其上滚动的所述滚针排(13)的有效滚针长度L：B>L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的不平衡轴(1)，其特征在于，至少在所述负载区(8)之外的部段中，所述内滚道(15、17)中的至少一个以滚道宽度B＝0被中断。
3.根据权利要求2所述的不平衡轴(1)，其特征在于，所述内滚道(15、17)的所述中断无过渡。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的不平衡轴(1)，其特征在于，所述不平衡轴(1)具有用于驱动燃料泵的驱动凸轮(11)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的不平衡轴(1)，其特征在于，所述滚针环(3)具有三排。
6.根据权利要求5所述的不平衡轴(1)，其特征在于，所述滚针环(3)和所述内滚道(15、16、17)相对于中心滚针排(13)成镜像对称。
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