CN112825850B - Efficient color-preserving insect-preventing corrosion-preventing method for plant specimen - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency color-preserving, insect-proof and anti-corrosion method for plant specimens. step. Branches and leaves are made in separate parts. According to the difference in cell permeability and body color of leaves and shoots, the branches are soaked with 2.8-3.2wt% copper sulfate solution as a fixative solution, and 2.8-3.2% sulfite as a preservation solution. Store in specimen bottles; soak the leaves in 14-16% alcohol for 3-4 days, add sulfite to a concentration of 15% and soak for 1-2 days after spots appear on the surface; wash them in distilled water and then immerse them in 19-22% The leaves were hardened and bleached in ethanol until the spots were eliminated, and a mixture containing 1-2% sulfurous acid and 1-2% glycerol was used as the preservation solution, and the leaves were immersed in the specimen bottle for preservation. The specimens prepared by the invention are bright in color, strong in three-dimensional sense and vivid in shape, which is convenient for observing the morphological characteristics of plants, and the identification of plants is not limited by seasons.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency color retention, insect-proof and anti-corrosion method for plant specimens

technical field

The invention relates to a method for making plant specimens, in particular to a method for high-efficiency color retention, insect prevention and preservative protection for plant specimens.

Background technique

A leaf specimen is a type of dried plant specimen. A section of a leafy branch of a plant with flowers and fruits, or a whole plant body with flowers or fruits is collected. After being flattened and dried in a specimen holder, it is attached to a table paper. Above, ready-made wax leaf specimens for plant taxonomy research. At present, when making wax leaf specimens of plants, it is necessary to carry out dust removal, disinfection, fixation, moisture absorption and other treatments. When the specimens are stored for a long time, the specimens will turn yellow, moldy, etc., and some leaves will fall off and grow insects, especially in the In terms of color retention, the color of preserved leaf specimens after a period of time is very different from that of fresh specimens.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency color-preserving, insect-proof and anti-corrosion method for plant specimens, so that the shape of branches and leaves of the preserved leaf specimen can be perfectly preserved, the shape of the plant before and after drying is maintained, the original color is maintained, and the preserved leaves are avoided. Specimen rot, browning and other phenomena occur, and the storage is more durable.

The technical scheme of the present invention includes:

A high-efficiency color-preserving, insect-proof, and anti-corrosion method for plant specimens, comprising the following steps:

S1: Acquisition

Collect fresh and disease-free plants or branches with complete branches and leaves;

S2: Suppression

Trim the specimen. When trimming, thin the thick branches from the back side, organize and separate the large leaves of the specimen, and flatten the leaves and branches; prepare two stacks of absorbent paper, and place the branches and leaves of the specimen on two stacks of absorbent paper. A sandwich structure is formed between the papers, and the absorbent paper above is quickly ironed with an electric iron. During the ironing process, the sandwich structure is repeatedly turned over and ironed until the specimen leaves are completely dry and rubbed by hand. Iron on absorbent paper to prevent the specimen from turning yellowish brown;

S3: Disinfection

Sterilize the pressed specimens, use high-pressure steam sterilization, and keep the high-pressure steam sterilization at a steam pressure of 102kPa ~ 104kpa and a temperature of 120-122°C for 15-20min; of all microorganisms without turning the specimen yellow-brown;

S4: Dipping treatment

Using 2.8-3.2wt% copper sulfate solution as the fixative, soak the branches of green plants for 7-15 days to make the green turn yellow and then turn green, after the color is stable, take out and rinse with distilled water; Sulfuric acid is used as a preservation solution, and the branches are immersed and preserved;

For the leaves, first soak the leaves with 14-16% alcohol for 3-4 days. After spots appear on the surface, add sulfurous acid to a concentration of 15% and soak for 1-2 days; Harden and bleach in 22% alcohol until the spots are eliminated, use a mixture containing 1-2% sulfurous acid and 1-2% glycerol as the preservation solution, and immerse the leaves for preservation;

Among them, before using the preservation solution for immersion preservation, shape the specimen and put it into the specimen bottle, and then slowly pour the preservation solution into the specimen bottle along the bottle wall. strict;

S5: Seal

Heat 3-5 parts of paraffin wax and 3-5 parts of beeswax in water until they are completely melted, dip the molten wax liquid while hot and apply it to the gap between the bottle mouth and the bottle cap for wax sealing; place it in a prominent position of the specimen bottle Label and store in a cool and dark place. Change the preservation solution once a year. The process of changing the solution is: shape the specimen and put it into the specimen bottle, and then slowly pour the preservation solution into the specimen bottle along the bottle wall. The liquid level is subject to the immersion specimen, the bottle cap is tightly capped, and then wax-sealed;

S6: Binding

When the specimen needs to be displayed, the branches and leaves are spliced and bound on the table paper with tapioca glue, and the table paper is cardboard; after the specimen is bound, the label is attached.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, impurities, dead branches and leaves are removed from the collected branches or plants, and after trimming, the specimens are washed with clean water, and then the specimens are sterilized with 70%-75% alcohol; For specimens, rinse or rinse with 70-75% alcohol. Among them, the absorbent paper used is high-quality straw paper, and 3-5 sheets are placed on the upper and lower sides of the specimen, which can absorb the water pressed from the branches or plants by ironing. The absorbent paper needs to be replaced on the second day after pressing, and the water oozing from the plants or branches should be absorbed in time to avoid bacterial growth and rotting of plants or branches.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, before starting to press with an iron, the branches or large leaves of the plant are sorted and separated, and when the absorbent paper is changed on the second day of pressing, all the leaves are sorted and separated. The reason for this treatment is that the large leaves and branches are easier to separate from the branches, while the small leaves or tender leaves are not easy to separate, and the branches or plants just collected are moist and difficult to break. If all the leaves are sorted and separated at one time, it may happen. Broken problem.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the sterilization uses a sterilization box to carry out high-pressure steam sterilization, the high-pressure steam pressure is 103.1kpa, the temperature reaches 121.3 ° C, and is maintained for 15min, which can effectively kill all microorganisms including spores.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, 3wt% copper sulfate solution is used as the fixative, and the branches of green plants are soaked for 7-15 days to make the green turn yellow and then turn green, after the color is stable, take out and rinse with distilled water Clean; use 3% sulfurous acid as the preservation solution, immerse the branches for preservation;

For the leaves, first soak the leaves or yellow-green fruits with 15% alcohol for 3-4 days, and after spots appear on the surface, add sulfurous acid to a concentration of 15% and soak for 1-2 days; then take them out, wash them with distilled water, and then soak them in After hardening and bleaching in 20% alcohol until the spots are eliminated, a mixture containing 2% sulfurous acid and 2% glycerol is used as the preservation solution, and the leaves are immersed and preserved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, S4 also includes cleaning and sterilizing all the utensils, glass rods, and specimen bottles for preparing the fixative and the preservation solution; the cleaning method is: scrub with washing powder or decontamination powder, and repeatedly rinse with water Clean; disinfection method is to use 75-95% alcohol disinfection.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, when soaking in a fixative or a preservation solution, put it into a sterilized specimen bottle, and then slowly spread the prepared fixative or preservation solution along the bottle wall. Pour into the specimen bottle until the specimen is submerged; in order to prevent the specimen from floating, press the specimen with a sterilized glass rod.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, both paraffin wax and beeswax are 4 parts by mass, mixed and melted. After the mixture is cured, the softness and hardness are moderate, and it is not easy to fall off.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S6, the table paper is 40×30 cm, dense, tough, and white surface cardboard.

The present invention has the following technical effects:

1. According to the difference of the cell permeability and the body color of the leaves and the branches, the present invention uses the branches and the leaves to make them separately, and the dipping of the branches is to use the copper sulfate solution of 2.8-3.2wt% as a fixative, and the green The branches of the plant are soaked for 7-15 days to make the green turn yellow and then turn green. After the color is stable, take them out and rinse them with distilled water; soak them in 2.8-3.2% sulfite as a preservation solution; for leaves, first use 14-16% Soak the leaves in alcohol for 3-4 days, and after spots appear on the surface, add sulfurous acid to a concentration of 15% and soak for 1-2 days; then take it out and wash it with distilled water, then immerse it in 19-22% alcohol to harden and bleach, After the spots are eliminated, a mixture containing 1-2% sulfite and 1-2% glycerol is used as the preservation solution, and the leaves are immersed and preserved; the specimens stored in the bottle after being treated with the fixative and the preservation solution, make the shape of the specimens It can be well preserved and keep the original color and shape for a longer time. At the same time, it can solve the problems of moisture-proof, moth-proof, prevent specimen damage, and facilitate classification and preservation. Morphological characteristics, and identify the characteristics of plants that are not limited by seasons.

The fixative solution is the color of the fixed specimen, and the preservation solution is mainly for anti-oxidation, color-fixing and antibacterial and antiseptic functions. If the leaves are treated with the fixative for treating the branches, the color of the leaves will be distorted more, and the color of the leaves will be greener or bluer than the real color, while the fixative for treating the leaves is used to treat the branches, and the degree of immobilization is insufficient, so that the branches cannot be well preserved. Its natural color tends to brown gradually over time.

2. The present invention has a long storage time for plant specimens, adopts a sterilization box for sterilization, and performs high-pressure steam sterilization, so that the high-pressure steam sterilization is under the steam pressure of 103.1kpa, the temperature reaches 121.3 ° C, and is maintained for 15-20min, which can completely kill spores including spores. all microorganisms included. At the same time, it can avoid loss or confusion caused by multiple paper changes in the traditional method, and also avoid damage during the pressing process.

3. The present invention has the functions of sterilization and insecticide, anti-mildew and color protection in the production process when the specimens of the leaves are produced, so that the specimens of the leaves can keep their original colors and prevent the specimens from rotting and browning. and other phenomena, and the durability is longer; the present invention adopts the split structure of the specimen, which can perfectly preserve the shape of the branches and leaves of the leaf specimen during production, and maintain the shape of the plant before and after drying.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A high-efficiency color-preserving, insect-proof, and anti-corrosion method for waxy leaf plant specimens, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Collection:

Collect fresh and disease-free branches, and the collected branches need to strive for complete branches and leaves.

(2) Trimming and pressing:

After the specimen is repaired, the leaves and branches are flattened, and the back of the thicker branches is removed by blades and scissors to make them thinner. The flattened leaves and branches are sandwiched between two absorbent papers. The absorbent paper is made of high-quality grass paper. Put several layers of absorbent paper on both sides, and use an electric iron to quickly dry it. When ironing, it is necessary to reverse the top and bottom of the absorbent paper repeatedly, so that the specimen can be evenly dried between the two absorbent papers, until the leaves of the specimen are completely dry. Grind until crushed, but avoid over-scalding so that the specimen will not turn tan.

At the beginning of pressing, try to sort and separate the large leaves, and wait until the next day when the paper is changed to sort and separate all the leaves, so as to avoid the just-picked specimens being very wet and breaking.

(3) Disinfection:

Sterilize the pressed specimens, place the specimens in a sterilization box, perform high-pressure steam sterilization, make the high-pressure steam sterilization under the steam pressure of 103.1kpa, the temperature reach 121.3 ℃, maintain for 15-20min, and kill the spores including spores. All microorganisms.

(4) Impregnation treatment:

Using 3wt% copper sulfate solution as the fixative, soak the branches of the green plants for 10 days to make the green turn yellow and then turn green. After the color is stable, take them out and rinse them with distilled water; using 3% sulfurous acid as the preservation solution, the branches are immersion preservation;

For the leaves, first soak the leaves with 15% alcohol for 3 days. After spots appear on the surface, add sulfurous acid to a concentration of 15% and soak them for 2 days; then take them out, wash them with distilled water, and then immerse them in 20% alcohol to harden and bleach. , until the spots are eliminated, use a mixture containing 2% sulfite and 2% glycerol as the preservation solution, and immerse the leaves for preservation;

Among them, before using the preservation solution for immersion preservation, shape the specimen and put it into the specimen bottle, and then slowly pour the preservation solution into the specimen bottle along the bottle wall. When it is full, put a glass rod to press the specimen to prevent it from floating out, and finally close the bottle cap tightly to the specimen bottle.

(5) Sealing:

Heat and melt 4 parts of paraffin wax and 4 parts of beeswax against water, dip them in the gap between the bottle mouth and the bottle cap while still hot, and apply wax sealing. After the mixture is cured, the softness and hardness are moderate, and it is not easy to fall off after sealing.

Label the specimen bottle in a conspicuous position, and store it in a cool, dark place. It is best to replace the preservation solution once a year. The process of changing the solution is: pour out the old preservation solution in the specimen bottle, and then put the freshly prepared preservation solution along the The bottle wall is slowly poured into the specimen bottle, the liquid level of the preservation solution is based on the immersed specimen, the bottle cap is tightly capped, and then wax-sealed.

(6) Binding and labeling:

When it is necessary to display and study the specimens, bind the specimens on a piece of paper, and use tapioca glue to splicing and bonding the branches and leaves. The table paper is made of cardboard with a length and width of 40X30cm. Place the dried specimen on the table paper and position it. After the specimen is bound, a label is attached to the lower right corner, and the description should be concise and to the point.

Example 2

On the basis of Example 1, in step (4), before preparing the fixative solution and the preservation solution, cleaning and sterilizing the utensils, instruments, glass rods, specimen bottles (including bottle caps), etc.: various glassware for making specimens (Beakers, measuring cylinders, glass rods, specimen bottles and bottle caps) should be washed with washing powder or decontamination powder, and rinsed repeatedly with water; then disinfected with 75% alcohol.

Example 3

On the basis of Example 1, in step (1), impurities, dead branches and leaves are removed from the collected specimen, and after trimming, the specimen is washed with clean water, and then the specimen is sterilized with 75% alcohol, and a rag can be dipped according to the specimen condition. Use alcohol to scrub all parts of the branches.

Comparative Example 1

In this comparative example, on the basis of Example 1, in step (2), only two stacks of chemical fiber cloth sheets are used to wrap the specimen, and then the specimen is repeatedly ironed and pressed with an iron.

Comparative Example 2

This comparative example is based on Example 1. In step (4), the uniform dipping process of leaves and branches is as follows: 3wt% copper sulfate solution is used as the fixative solution, soaked for 10 days, taken out and rinsed with distilled water; 3% sulfurous acid was used as a preservation solution, and it was immersed and preserved.

Comparative Example 3

This comparative example is on the basis of Example 1. In step (4), the uniform dipping process of leaves and branches is as follows: first soak the leaves and branches with 15% alcohol for 3 days, and then add sulfurous acid to a concentration of 15%. % soaked for 2 days, then taken out and washed with distilled water, then immersed in 20% alcohol to harden, and finally the leaves and branches were immersed and preserved with a mixture containing 2% sulfurous acid and 2% glycerol as the preservation solution.

Comparative Example 3

In this comparative example, on the basis of Example 1, in step (3), the pressed specimens were sterilized, and kept at a temperature of 110° C. for 40 minutes under 1 standard atmospheric pressure.

The preservation conditions of the specimens comparing the above examples and comparative examples are as follows.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. On the premise of not departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various kinds of technical solutions of the present invention. Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a high-efficiency color-preserving insect-proof and antiseptic method for plant specimens, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1: Acquisition Collect fresh and disease-free plants or branches with complete branches and leaves; remove impurities, dead branches and leaves from the collected branches or plants, and after trimming, wash with clean water, and then disinfect the specimens with 70%-75% alcohol; For specimens, rinse or rinse with 70-75% alcohol; S2: Suppression Trim the specimen. When trimming, thin the thick branches from the back side, organize and separate the large leaves of the specimen, and flatten the leaves and branches; prepare two stacks of absorbent paper, and place the branches and leaves of the specimen on two stacks of absorbent paper. A sandwich structure is formed between the papers, and the absorbent paper above is quickly ironed with an electric iron. During the ironing process, the sandwich structure is repeatedly turned over and ironed until the leaves of the specimen are completely dry and are broken by hand; S3: Disinfection Sterilize the pressed specimens, use high-pressure steam sterilization, and keep the high-pressure steam sterilization at a steam pressure of 102kPa ~ 104kpa and a temperature of 120-122°C for 15-20min; S4: Dipping treatment Using 2.8-3.2wt% copper sulfate solution as the fixative, soak the branches of green plants for 7-15 days to make the green turn yellow and then turn green, after the color is stable, take out and rinse with distilled water; Sulfuric acid is used as a preservation solution, and the branches are immersed and preserved; For the leaves, first soak the leaves with 14-16% alcohol for 3-4 days. After spots appear on the surface, add sulfurous acid to a concentration of 15% and soak for 1-2 days; Harden and bleach in 22% alcohol until the spots are eliminated, use a mixture containing 1-2% sulfurous acid and 1-2% glycerol as the preservation solution, and immerse the leaves for preservation; Among them, before using the preservation solution for immersion preservation, shape the specimen and put it into the specimen bottle, and then slowly pour the preservation solution into the specimen bottle along the bottle wall. strict; S5: Seal Heat 3-5 parts of paraffin wax and 3-5 parts of beeswax in water until they are completely melted, dip the molten wax liquid while hot and apply it to the gap between the bottle mouth and the bottle cap for wax sealing; place it in a prominent position of the specimen bottle Label and store in a cool and dark place. Change the preservation solution once a year. The process of changing the solution is: shape the specimen and put it into the specimen bottle, and then slowly pour the preservation solution into the specimen bottle along the bottle wall. The liquid level is subject to the immersion specimen, the bottle cap is tightly capped, and then wax-sealed; S6: Binding When the specimen needs to be displayed, the branches and leaves are spliced and bound on the table paper with tapioca glue, and the table paper is cardboard; after the specimen is bound, the label is attached. 2. the high-efficiency color-preserving insect-proof and anti-corrosion method for plant specimens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in S2, before starting to press with an iron, the large leaves of branches or plants are sorted and separated, and the water absorption is changed on the second day of pressing When paper, sort all the leaves apart. 3. high-efficiency color retention, insect-proof and antiseptic method for plant specimens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in S3, described sterilization adopts sterilization box to carry out high-pressure steam sterilization, and the high-pressure steam pressure is 103.1kpa, and temperature reaches 121.3 ℃, and maintains 15min , can effectively kill all microorganisms including spores. 4. the high-efficiency color-preserving, insect-proof and antiseptic method for plant specimens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in S4, with the copper sulfate solution of 3wt% as fixative, the branches of green plants are soaked for 7-15 days, so that green changes The yellow turns green, and after the color is stable, take it out and rinse it with distilled water; use 3% sulfurous acid as the preservation solution, and immerse the branches for preservation; For the leaves, first soak the leaves or yellow-green fruits with 15% alcohol for 3-4 days. After spots appear on the surface, add sulfite to a concentration of 15% and soak for 1-2 days; then take them out and wash them with distilled water, then soak them in After hardening and bleaching in 20% alcohol until the spots are eliminated, the leaves are immersed and preserved by using a mixture containing 2% sulfurous acid and 2% glycerol as the preservation solution. 5. high-efficiency color-retaining, insect-proof and antiseptic method for plant specimens according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in S4, also comprises cleaning and sterilizing all utensils, glass rods and specimen bottles of preparation fixative and preservation solution; Cleaning method is: Scrub with washing powder or decontamination powder, and rinse with clean water repeatedly; the disinfection method is to use 75-95% alcohol to disinfect. 6. The high-efficiency color-preserving insect-proof and antiseptic method for plant specimens according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in S4, when adopting fixative or preservation solution to soak, the specimen is put into the sterilized specimen bottle, and then the The prepared fixative or preservation solution is slowly poured into the specimen bottle along the bottle wall until the specimen is submerged; in order to prevent the specimen from floating, the specimen is pressed with a sterilized glass rod. 7. The high-efficiency color retention, insect-proof and antiseptic method for plant specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, in S5, paraffin and beeswax are all 4 parts by mass, mixed and melted. 8. The high-efficiency color-preserving, insect-proof, and antiseptic method for plant specimens according to claim 1, wherein in S6, the table paper is a cardboard of 40*30 cm, dense, tough, and white surface.