Alternating current voltage regulating device and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alternating current voltage regulating device and a control method for a power grid power supply system, and belongs to the field of power electronics.
Background
With the improvement of living standards of people and the popularization of household appliances, the electricity consumption of residential users is greatly increased year by year, however, the updating and transformation speed of distribution lines of factories and mining units, residential districts, shops and the like is relatively delayed, so that the voltage at the tail end of the line is far lower than an allowable range, the voltage fluctuation is large, the overload phenomenon commonly and frequently occurs to a power grid, the non-lighting loads of washing machines, air conditioners, televisions and the like are difficult to work normally, and great damage is caused to electrical equipment. Meanwhile, as the newly added electrical loads adopt a large number of rotating equipment and power electronic devices such as motors and compressors, the reactive power is greatly required, and a large number of higher harmonic currents are generated, the loss of a low-voltage line is remarkably increased, the power factor of the whole power grid is low, and the fluctuation of the power supply voltage is large.
The optimal scheme for solving the problems of low voltage and large voltage fluctuation is to directly install a power supply voltage stabilizing device on the power distribution network. The voltage automatic regulating device is additionally arranged for the low-voltage power grid, so that the power supply voltage can be automatically regulated in real time and stabilized at a standard value, reactive power can be directly provided for electric equipment, and the actual transmission capacity of the power distribution network is improved; the operation safety of the power supply transformer is improved; the abnormal conditions such as voltage flicker caused by lightning stroke, instant short circuit, overload and the like of the high-voltage line are greatly improved, and the safety of electric equipment is protected.
Chinese patent CN204360256U discloses a contactless ac voltage stabilizer, which uses a multi-winding transformer and a multi-channel thyristor switch to implement the voltage stabilizing function. The technology is step voltage regulation, simultaneously, in order to realize that the step difference is not too large, a plurality of thyristor switch is needed, the circuit is complex, the cost is high, and simultaneously, because the thyristor switch has low switching speed, the fastest speed is only 10mS, and the technology cannot be applied to the rapid voltage fluctuation of a power grid. Particularly, when the regulated output voltage is in a high level, if the voltage of a power grid rapidly jumps, the output voltage can generate overvoltage due to slow response speed, and the safety of electric equipment is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design an alternating current voltage regulating device and a control method, which can effectively stabilize the power supply voltage of a power grid, can realize bidirectional transmission of electric energy, and have the advantages of high response speed, low cost, high reliability, convenience in maintenance and high efficiency.
An ac voltage regulator according to the present invention includes:
the input ends (Ui 1, Ui 2) of the power grid are connected, and the alternating current power grid voltage is accessed;
the high-frequency filter is characterized by further comprising an upper-end capacitor (3) and a lower-end capacitor (4), wherein the upper-end capacitor (3) and the lower-end capacitor (4) are connected in series, and two end points of the upper-end capacitor (3) and the lower-end capacitor (4) are respectively connected with input ends (Ui 1 and Ui 2) and are used for filtering high-frequency components of voltage and current of a power grid and stabilizing input voltage;
the bridge is characterized by also comprising an upper bridge arm (1), wherein the upper bridge arm is connected with the upper end capacitor (3) in parallel, is used for voltage and current conversion between input and output and can realize bidirectional electric energy flow;
the bridge is characterized by also comprising a lower bridge arm (2) which is connected with the lower end capacitor (4) in parallel and used for voltage and current conversion between input and output and can realize bidirectional electric energy flow;
the device also comprises output ends (Uo 1 and Uo 2) which are respectively connected with the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) and used as voltage output ports of the device.
The alternating current voltage regulating device also comprises an input inductor (5) which is connected in series with the input end of the power grid and is used for filtering high-frequency components of the current of the power grid; the device also comprises an output inductor (6) which is connected in series with the output end of the device and is used for filtering high-frequency components of output voltage and current.
The invention relates to an alternating current voltage regulating device, wherein an upper bridge arm (1) and a lower bridge arm (2) respectively comprise an upper pipe (7) and a lower pipe (8) which are connected in series in a forward direction, an upper pipe (10) and a lower pipe (9) to form two bridge arms consisting of semiconductor switching devices, two end points of each bridge arm are respectively connected with an upper end capacitor (3) and a lower end capacitor (4) in parallel, the middle points of the two bridge arms are respectively used as two output ends (UO 1 and UO 2) of the device or output through an output inductor (6), and the semiconductor switching devices are one of power semiconductors such as reverse conducting type IGBTs, MOSFETs, IGCTs and the like; the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) are used for voltage and current conversion between input and output and can realize bidirectional electric energy flow.
The invention relates to an alternating current voltage regulating device and a control method, wherein the device comprises input ends (Ui 1 and Ui 2), an upper end capacitor (3), a lower end capacitor (4), an upper bridge arm (1), a lower bridge arm (2) and output ends (Uo 1 and Uo 2); the control method comprises the following steps:
the two switching devices of the upper bridge arm (1) work in a complementary state, so that a PWM modulation voltage taking the terminal voltage of the upper end capacitor (3) as a fundamental wave is generated at an output end (UO 1) of the two switching devices;
the two switch devices of the lower bridge arm (2) work in a complementary state, so that a PWM modulation voltage which takes the terminal voltage of the lower end capacitor (4) as a fundamental wave is generated at an output end (UO 2), and the total output voltage of the two output ends of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) is the output voltage difference of the two bridge arms;
the total voltage output by the Uo1 and the Uo2 can be controlled by adjusting the PWM duty ratio of the switching devices of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2), so that a preset voltage value is reached; if Uo1, Uo2 are used as inputs and Ui1, Ui2 are used as outputs, the reverse transmission of electric energy can be realized.
The control method of the alternating current voltage regulating device further comprises the following steps:
when the output current is positive (the current flows out from Uo1 and flows in from Uo 2), the upper tube (7) and the lower tube (9) are simultaneously conducted, the upper end capacitor (3) can be discharged, and the voltage of the upper end capacitor (3) is controlled;
when the output current is negative (the current flows in from UO1 and flows out from UO 2), the upper tube (10) and the lower tube (8) are simultaneously conducted, the lower-end capacitor (4) can be discharged, and the voltage of the lower-end capacitor (4) is controlled;
the voltage at the two ends of the upper end capacitor (3) and the lower end capacitor (4) can be kept at a preset value by controlling the simultaneous conduction time of the upper tube (7) and the lower tube (9) or the upper tube (10) and the lower tube (8).
The control method of the alternating current voltage regulating device further comprises the following steps:
the switching-on of the two switching devices of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) is provided with dead time, namely, after the upper pipe (7) or the upper pipe (10) is switched off and a preset time is delayed, the lower pipe (8) or (9) can be switched on, otherwise, after the lower pipe (8) or (9) is switched off and a preset time is delayed, the upper pipe (7) or the upper pipe (10) can be switched on, and the short circuit caused by the direct connection of the two switching devices connected in series can be avoided through the dead time.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can produce the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention can realize direct voltage stabilization and bidirectional transmission of alternating current power supply, remarkably reduces the complexity of a circuit and the cost of the device compared with the prior art, can effectively stabilize the power supply voltage of a power grid, and has the advantages of high response speed, low cost, high reliability, convenient maintenance and high efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an electrical block diagram of an ac voltage regulator apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is another block diagram of an electrical structure of an ac voltage regulator apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, as referred to in the embodiments of the present application, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements but may alternatively include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Fig. 1 is an electrical block diagram of an ac voltage regulator apparatus according to the present invention. The network voltage is connected to the device through input terminals (Ui 1, Ui 2) as shown in the figure. In the figure (1), after the upper end capacitor (3) and the lower end capacitor (4) are connected in series, two end points of the upper end capacitor and the lower end capacitor are respectively connected with input ends (Ui 1 and Ui 2) for filtering high-frequency components of voltage and current of a power grid and stabilizing input voltage; the upper bridge arm (1) of the device is connected with an upper end capacitor (3) in parallel, and the lower bridge arm (2) is connected with a lower end capacitor (4) in parallel; the output ends (UO 1, UO 2) of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) are used as voltage output ports of the device.
The voltage at two ends of the parallel capacitor is pwm-modulated by the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2), and a controllable voltage is output at output ends (UO 1, UO 2), so that the purpose of voltage regulation is achieved; if Uo1, Uo2 are used as inputs and Ui1, Ui2 are used as outputs, the reverse transmission of electric energy can be realized.
Fig. 2 is another block diagram of an electrical structure of an ac voltage regulator apparatus of the present invention. The device comprises an input inductor (5) connected in series with the input end of a power grid and an output inductor (6) connected in series with the output end of the device, wherein the two inductors are respectively used for filtering high-frequency components of input voltage, output voltage and current and eliminating electromagnetic interference.
In the alternating current voltage regulating device, an upper bridge arm (1) and a lower bridge arm (2) respectively comprise an upper pipe (7) and a lower pipe (8) which are connected in series in a forward direction, an upper pipe (10) and a lower pipe (9) to form two bridge arms consisting of semiconductor switching devices, two end points of each bridge arm are respectively connected with an upper end capacitor (3) and a lower end capacitor (4) in parallel, the middle points of the two bridge arms are respectively used as two output ends (UO 1 and UO 2) of the device or output through an output inductor (6), and the semiconductor switching devices are one of power semiconductors such as reverse conducting type IGBTs, MOSFETs, IGCTs and the like. The upper tube and the lower tube of the invention coordinate to carry out PWM modulation, thus realizing the functions of AC voltage regulation and energy bidirectional transmission.
The invention relates to a control method of an alternating current voltage regulating device based on a figure 1 and a figure 2, which comprises the following working processes:
controlling two switching devices of the upper bridge arm (1) to work in a complementary state, so that a PWM modulation voltage taking the terminal voltage of an upper end capacitor (3) as a fundamental wave is generated at an output end (Uo 1) of the switching devices;
controlling the two switch devices of the lower bridge arm (2) to work in a complementary state, so that a PWM modulation voltage which takes the terminal voltage of the lower end capacitor (4) as a fundamental wave is generated at an output end (Uo 2), and the total output voltage of the two output ends of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) is the output voltage difference of the two bridge arms;
the total voltage output by the Uo1 and the Uo2 can be controlled by adjusting the PWM duty ratio of the switching devices of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2), so that a preset voltage value is reached; if Uo1, Uo2 are used as inputs and Ui1, Ui2 are used as outputs, the reverse transmission of electric energy can be realized.
The control method of the alternating current voltage regulating device further comprises the following steps:
when the output current is positive (the current flows out from the Uo1 and flows in from the Uo 2), the upper tube (7) and the lower tube (9) are simultaneously conducted, and then the current flows through the upper tube (7), the Uo1, the Uo2, the lower tube (9) and the upper end capacitor (3), so that the upper end capacitor (3) is discharged, and the voltage of the upper end capacitor (3) is controlled;
when the output current is negative (the current flows in from UO1 and flows out from UO 2), the upper tube (10) and the lower tube (8) are simultaneously conducted, and then the current flows through the upper tube (10), UO2, UO1, the lower tube (8) and the lower end capacitor (4), so that the lower end capacitor (4) is discharged, and the voltage of the lower end capacitor (4) is controlled;
the voltage at the two ends of the upper end capacitor (3) and the lower end capacitor (4) can be kept at a preset value by controlling the simultaneous conduction time of the upper tube (7) and the lower tube (9) or the upper tube (10) and the lower tube (8).
The control method of the alternating current voltage regulating device further comprises the following steps:
the control method of the alternating current voltage regulating device further comprises the following steps:
the two switch devices of the upper bridge arm (1) and the lower bridge arm (2) are switched on with dead time, namely, after the upper tube (7) is switched off and a preset time is delayed, the lower tube (8) can be switched on, and after the upper tube (10) is switched off and a preset time is delayed, the lower tube (9) can be switched on; on the contrary, when the lower pipe (8) is closed and a preset time is delayed, the upper pipe (7) can be opened, and when the lower pipe (9) is closed and a preset time is delayed, the upper pipe (10) can be opened. Through the setting of dead time, can avoid two switching device that establish ties to lead to the fact the short circuit, this device safe and reliable operation is protected.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and the above preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.