CN112787476B - Integrated direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on alternating-pole rotor - Google Patents
Integrated direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on alternating-pole rotor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112787476B CN112787476B CN202110119073.2A CN202110119073A CN112787476B CN 112787476 B CN112787476 B CN 112787476B CN 202110119073 A CN202110119073 A CN 202110119073A CN 112787476 B CN112787476 B CN 112787476B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于交替极转子的集成式直流感应混合励磁无刷电机，包括定子、转子、电枢绕组、感应励磁绕组、主励磁绕组和感应电枢绕组；电枢绕组和感应励磁绕组均绕设在定子的定子槽内；感应励磁绕组通过直流变换器与直流电压源相连接；转子沿周向均匀设有P/2个永磁极；P为电机极对数；相邻两个永磁极之间形成三个铁心极；主励磁绕组和感应电枢绕组均绕设在转子槽内；主励磁绕组，通过旋转整流器与感应电枢绕组相连接。本发明利用交替极转子的固有特征，从而具有高调磁效率。同时，结合感应绕组和旋转整流器来实现转子上主励磁绕组的无刷化供电，而高磁导的铁心极也为感应励磁绕组产生的磁通提供低磁阻路径，提高感应效率。
The invention discloses an integrated DC induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on an alternating pole rotor, comprising a stator, a rotor, an armature winding, an induction excitation winding, a main excitation winding and an induction armature winding; the armature winding and the induction excitation winding They are all wound in the stator slot of the stator; the induction excitation winding is connected to the DC voltage source through the DC converter; the rotor is evenly equipped with P/2 permanent magnet poles along the circumferential direction; P is the number of motor pole pairs; Three iron core poles are formed between the magnetic poles; the main excitation winding and the induction armature winding are both wound in the rotor slot; the main excitation winding is connected with the induction armature winding through a rotating rectifier. The present invention utilizes the inherent characteristics of alternating pole rotors, thereby having high magnetic modulation efficiency. At the same time, the brushless power supply of the main excitation winding on the rotor is realized by combining the induction winding and the rotating rectifier, and the iron core pole with high magnetic permeability also provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux generated by the induction excitation winding to improve the induction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motor design and manufacture, in particular to an integrated direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on an alternating-pole rotor.
Background
Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of high torque/power density, high efficiency, high power factor, etc., and have been used in many applications such as household appliances, electric vehicles, etc. However, in the case of wide speed range driving, the permanent magnet motor is driven by controlling the direct-axis current component in the armature windingi d ) The flux-weakening magnetic expansion speed is realized, the irreversible demagnetization risk of the permanent magnet is increased, and the flux-weakening capability is limited by the high magnetic resistance characteristic of the permanent magnet. In a constant voltage power generation situation, a permanent magnet motor needs a full-power controllable converter to realize the stabilization of output voltage.
The hybrid excitation motor with two magnetic potential sources (an excitation winding and a permanent magnet) inherits the advantages of high power density, high efficiency and the like of a permanent magnet motor and the advantage of convenient magnetic field adjustment of an electric excitation motor, and can be realized only by lower excitation power (a smaller excitation power converter).
However, in order to construct a parallel relationship between an electrically excited magnetic potential and a permanent magnetic potential to improve the magnetic regulation capability, an additional magnetic circuit is introduced into the existing rotor permanent magnet type hybrid excitation motor. Although the additional magnetic circuit provides a low reluctance path for the electric excitation, it also provides a leakage flux (leakage flux: flux that does not pass through the air gap and the stator teeth) path for the permanent magnetic flux, reducing the utilization of the permanent magnetic material. Furthermore, the additional magnetic circuit is mostly a solid magnetic conductive member, which increases eddy current loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides an integrated dc induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on a consequent pole rotor, which organically utilizes the inherent characteristics of the consequent pole rotor, i.e. the iron core pole with high magnetic conductivity can provide a low reluctance path for the electric excitation magnetic flux, thereby realizing a hybrid excitation motor with high magnetic regulation efficiency. Meanwhile, brushless power supply of the main excitation winding on the rotor is achieved by combining the induction winding and the rotary rectifier, and the iron core pole with high magnetic conductance provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux generated by the induction excitation winding, so that the induction efficiency is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an integrated direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on an alternating-pole rotor comprises a stator, a rotor, an armature winding, an induction excitation winding, a main excitation winding and an induction armature winding.
The armature winding and the induction excitation winding are wound in a stator slot of the stator. The induction excitation winding is a direct current winding and is connected with a direct current voltage source through a direct current converter.
An air gap is provided between the stator and the rotor.
The rotor is an alternating-pole rotor, and P/2 permanent magnet poles are uniformly arranged on the rotor along the circumferential direction. Wherein, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor. Three iron core poles are formed between two adjacent permanent magnet poles.
The main excitation winding and the induction armature winding are wound in the rotor slot. The main excitation winding is a direct current winding and is connected with the induction armature winding through a rotary rectifier.
When direct current is introduced into the induction excitation winding, an induction excitation magnetic field with a fixed spatial position is generated in the air gap, and the induction armature winding rotating along with the rotor cuts the induction excitation magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force. The electromotive force in the induction armature winding is converted into direct current through the rotating rectifier and then supplied to the main excitation winding, so that the brushless power supply of the main excitation winding is realized.
The rotor slots include large slots and small slots.
Two large slots are uniformly distributed between two adjacent permanent magnet poles, and a rotor core positioned between the two large slots forms a middle core pole. The rotor iron core between the two big slots and the permanent magnet poles is formed into a side iron core pole.
The small slots are arranged on the permanent magnet poles and/or the iron core on the side of the iron core, facing the air gap.
The main excitation winding is wound on the periphery of the central iron core pole and is positioned in the two large slots. The induction armature winding is wound in the large slot and the adjacent small slot or only in the small slot.
The winding directions of all the main excitation windings are the same, and the polarities of all the permanent magnet poles facing the air gap side are the same.
The current of the main excitation winding is adjusted by changing the current of the induction excitation winding.
Because the magnetic permeability of the iron core pole is far larger than that of the permanent magnet, the magnetic flux generated by the main excitation winding is closed through the intermediate iron core pole-air gap-stator iron core-air gap-two-side iron core pole-rotor yoke part-intermediate iron core pole. Therefore, the magnitude of the magnetic flux on the core pole can be adjusted by changing the magnitude of the direct current in the main field winding. When the magnetism is increased, the magnetic flux generated on the middle iron core pole by the main excitation winding which is introduced with direct current is the same as the magnetic flux generated on the permanent magnet pole by the permanent magnet along the radial direction, and the magnetic flux generated on the middle iron core pole by the main excitation winding is opposite to the magnetic flux generated on the two side iron core poles along the radial direction. Thus, one permanent magnet pole and three core poles can generate an air gap field of two pairs of poles.
The current of the induction excitation winding is controlled through the direct current converter, so that the direct current in the main excitation winding and the air gap magnetic field of the iron core pole are adjusted, and the adjustment of the armature winding flux linkage is realized.
And a small groove is distributed on the central line of the d axis of each permanent magnet pole.
The permanent magnet in the permanent magnet poles is a surface-mounted permanent magnet or a built-in permanent magnet. Wherein, the built-in permanent magnet is of one-layer or multi-layer mixed type. The shape of each built-in permanent magnet is in a shape of a straight line, a V, a W or a U.
The number of phases of the induction armature winding is single phase, three phase, five phase or double three phase.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the brushless hybrid excitation motor adopts a novel alternating pole structure, organically utilizes the high magnetic conductivity characteristic of an iron core pole, can realize the adjustment of the magnetic field of the iron core pole by only needing small excitation magnetomotive force, and improves the magnetic regulation efficiency.
2. The high-permeability iron core pole also provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux generated by the induction excitation winding, and the induction efficiency is improved.
3. The magnetic flux generated by the main excitation winding and the induction excitation winding does not pass through the permanent magnet, so that the risk of demagnetization is reduced.
4. There is no additional magnetic circuit. The magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnetic poles is closed (namely effective magnetic flux) through the air gaps and the stator teeth, no additional magnetic leakage exists, and the utilization rate of the permanent magnetic material is high.
5. And a solid magnetic conduction component is not arranged, so that the eddy current loss is small.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an integrated dc induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on an alternating-pole rotor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows an operation principle diagram of the integrated dc induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on the alternating-pole rotor according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the structure of the alternating pole rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the magnetic flux path generated by the main excitation winding during magnetization.
Fig. 5 shows a graph of the current time developed in the main field winding when dc current is applied to the induction field winding.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of armature winding flux linkage in different excitation modes.
Among them are:
10. a stator; 11. an armature winding; 12. an induction excitation winding;
20. a rotor; 21. a permanent magnet; 22. a large groove; 23. a small groove; 24. a middle iron core pole; 25. a side core pole; 26. a main excitation winding; 27. an induction armature winding.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
The motor of this example, in terms of the number of stator slotsN s =48, number of rotor pole pairspThe following describes the details of the three-phase armature winding (a-phase, B-phase, and C-phase).
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an integrated dc induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on an alternating-pole rotor includes a stator 10, a rotor 20, an armature winding 11, an induction excitation winding 12, a main excitation winding 26, and an induction armature winding 27.
The armature winding and the induction excitation winding are wound in a stator slot of the stator. The induction exciting winding (also called stator induction exciting winding IE) is a dc winding and is connected to a dc voltage source through a dc converter. The discharge positions of the armature winding and the induction excitation winding in the stator slots can be flexibly changed according to the pole slot matching and the slot type.
The stator and the rotor iron core are made of magnetic conductive materials, and an air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor.
The rotor is an alternating pole rotor, and P/2 permanent magnet poles 21 are uniformly arranged on the rotor along the circumferential direction. Wherein, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor.
The permanent magnet in the permanent magnet poles can be a surface-mounted permanent magnet or a built-in permanent magnet. When the permanent magnet is a built-in permanent magnet, the built-in permanent magnet can be a layer or a multilayer mixed type. The shape of each built-in permanent magnet is preferably in a shape of a straight line, a V, a W or a U, and the like. In this embodiment, all of them are preferably in a V-shape.
The polarities of the permanent magnet poles where all the permanent magnets are located facing the air gap side are the same, and in the embodiment, the polarities of the two permanent magnet segments of the built-in V-shaped permanent magnet point to the air gap direction.
Three iron core poles are formed between two adjacent permanent magnet poles, and the three iron core poles are respectively a middle iron core pole 24 and two side iron core poles 25.
The main excitation winding and the induction armature winding are wound in the rotor slot. The main field winding is a dc winding and is connected to an induction armature winding phase (also referred to as a rotor induction armature winding phase IA) via a rotating rectifier.
As shown in fig. 3, the rotor slots include large slots 22 and small slots 23. In this embodiment, the rotor slots preferably include 8 large slots and 4 small slots.
Two large slots are uniformly distributed between two adjacent permanent magnet poles, and a rotor core positioned between the two large slots forms a middle core pole. The rotor iron core between the two big slots and the permanent magnet poles is formed into a side iron core pole.
The small slots are arranged on the permanent magnet poles and/or the iron core on the side of the iron core facing the air gap and used for arranging the armature windings.
The main excitation winding is wound on the periphery of the central iron core pole and is positioned in the two large slots. The induction armature winding can be wound in a large slot and an adjacent small slot, in this way, but can also be wound only in a small slot.
The winding directions of all the main excitation windings are the same, namely the winding directions of E1, E2, E3 and E4 in FIG. 1 are the same. Because each unit (namely two pairs of poles) only has one main excitation coil and one permanent magnet pole, the winding directions of the excitation coils of the units are necessarily the same, and the polarities of the permanent magnet poles of the units are necessarily the same.
The number of phases of the induction armature winding may be single phase, three phase, five phase, or double triple phase, and in this example, single phase is preferable.
That is, the alternating poles of the invention are a permanent magnetic pole and three iron core poles to form two pairs of magnetic poles, and the main excitation winding is positioned on the middle iron core pole of the continuous three iron core poles; with this as one unit, cyclically arrayed in the circumferential direction (cyclically arrayed 4 times since this example is 8 pairs of poles).
The armature winding, the main excitation winding and the stator and rotor iron cores form a main motor; the induction exciting winding and the induction armature winding are auxiliary exciting parts and share a stator core and a rotor core with a main motor.
The principle of the hybrid excitation motor is as follows: as shown in fig. 2, when dc is applied to the induction field winding, an induction field with a fixed (stationary) spatial position is generated in the air gap, and the induction armature winding rotating with the rotor cuts the induction field to generate an induced electromotive force. The electromotive force in the induction armature winding is converted into direct current through the rotating rectifier and then supplied to the main excitation winding, so that the brushless power supply of the main excitation winding is realized.
When the current magnitude in the induction excitation winding is changed, the current magnitude of the main excitation winding can be adjusted.
As shown in fig. 4, since the permeability of the core poles is much greater than that of the permanent magnets, the magnetic flux generated by the main field winding is closed by "middle core pole-air gap-stator core-air gap-both-side core pole-rotor yoke part-middle core pole". Therefore, the magnitude of the magnetic flux on the core pole can be adjusted by changing the magnitude of the direct current in the main field winding. When the magnetism is increased, the magnetic flux generated on the middle iron core pole by the main excitation winding which is introduced with direct current is the same as the magnetic flux generated on the permanent magnet pole by the permanent magnet along the radial direction, and the magnetic flux generated on the middle iron core pole by the main excitation winding is opposite to the magnetic flux generated on the two side iron core poles along the radial direction. Thus, one permanent magnet pole and three core poles can generate an air gap field of two pairs of poles.
The current of the induction excitation winding is controlled by a direct current converter (H-bridge converter), so that the direct current in the main excitation winding and the air gap magnetic field of the iron core pole are adjusted, and the effective adjustment of the armature winding flux linkage is realized. Benefits of flux linkage modulation: for driving (namely electric) occasions, effective adjustment of the armature flux linkage can be beneficial to flux weakening and speed expansion; for the power generation occasion, the effective regulation of the armature flux linkage can be beneficial to constant-voltage (voltage-stabilizing) power generation.
When the induction excitation winding is energized with direct current, the current established in the main excitation winding is close to direct current in a steady state as shown in fig. 5; at the moment, the motor works in a magnetizing mode, and flux linkage in an armature winding is obviously improved compared with that of a single permanent magnet (namely, the current of a main excitation winding is 0), as shown in fig. 6.
The motor can be operated electrically and also can be operated by power generation, and the alternating-pole rotor can be an inner rotor and an outer rotor.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an integrated form direct current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor based on rotor of alternating poles which characterized in that: the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a stator, a rotor, an armature winding, an induction excitation winding, a main excitation winding and an induction armature winding;
the armature winding and the induction excitation winding are wound in a stator slot of the stator; the induction excitation winding is a direct current winding and is connected with a direct current voltage source through a direct current converter;
an air gap is arranged between the stator and the rotor;
the rotor is an alternating-pole rotor, and P/2 permanent magnet poles are uniformly arranged on the rotor along the circumferential direction; wherein, P is the number of pole pairs of the motor; three iron core poles are formed between two adjacent permanent magnet poles;
the main excitation winding and the induction armature winding are wound in the rotor slot; the main excitation winding is a direct current winding and is connected with the induction armature winding through a rotary rectifier;
when direct current is introduced into the induction excitation winding, an induction excitation magnetic field with a fixed spatial position is generated in the air gap, and the induction armature winding rotating along with the rotor cuts the induction excitation magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force; the electromotive force in the induction armature winding is converted into direct current through the rotating rectifier and then supplied to the main excitation winding, so that the brushless power supply of the main excitation winding is realized.
2. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 1, wherein: the rotor slots comprise large slots and small slots;
two large slots are uniformly distributed between two adjacent permanent magnet poles, and a rotor core positioned between the two large slots forms a middle core pole; the rotor iron core between the two big slots and the permanent magnet poles is formed into a side iron core pole;
the small slots are arranged on the permanent magnet poles and/or the iron core on the side of the iron core, facing the air gap.
3. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 2, wherein: the main excitation winding is wound on the periphery of the central iron core pole and is positioned in the two large slots; the induction armature winding is wound in the large slot and the adjacent small slot or only in the small slot.
4. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 3, wherein: the winding directions of all the main excitation windings are the same, and the polarities of all the permanent magnet poles facing the air gap side are the same.
5. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 4, wherein: the current of the main excitation winding is adjusted by changing the current of the induction excitation winding.
6. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 5, wherein: because the magnetic permeability of the iron core pole is far greater than that of the permanent magnet, the magnetic flux generated by the main excitation winding is closed through 'middle iron core pole-air gap-stator iron core-air gap-two-side iron core pole-rotor yoke part-middle iron core pole'; therefore, the size of the magnetic flux on the iron core pole can be adjusted by changing the size of the direct current in the main excitation winding; when the magnetism is increased, the magnetic flux generated on the middle iron core pole by the main excitation winding which is introduced with direct current is the same as the magnetic flux generated on the permanent magnet pole by the permanent magnet along the radial direction, and the magnetic flux generated on the middle iron core pole by the main excitation winding is opposite to the magnetic flux generated on the two side iron core poles along the radial direction; thus, one permanent magnet pole and three core poles can generate an air gap field of two pairs of poles.
7. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 5, wherein: the current of the induction excitation winding is controlled through the direct current converter, so that the direct current in the main excitation winding and the air gap magnetic field of the iron core pole are adjusted, and the adjustment of the armature winding flux linkage is realized.
8. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 2, wherein: and a small groove is distributed on the central line of the d axis of each permanent magnet pole.
9. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 1, wherein: the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet poles is a surface-mounted permanent magnet or a built-in permanent magnet; wherein, the built-in permanent magnet is of one-layer or multi-layer mixed type; the shape of each built-in permanent magnet is in a shape of a straight line, a V, a W or a U.
10. The integrated alternating-pole-rotor-based direct-current induction hybrid excitation brushless motor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of phases of the induction armature winding is single phase, three phase, five phase or double three phase.
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