CN112750691A - 氮极性面GaN材料及同质外延生长方法 - Google Patents
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001534 heteroepitaxy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001657 homoepitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氮极性面GaN材料及其制作方法,主要解决现有氮极性面GaN材料位错密度高、表面形貌差、非故意掺杂背景载流子浓度高、生长工艺控制难度大的问题。其材料结构自下而上包括衬底(1)、过渡层(2)、GaN外延层(3),其中过渡层采用InAlN或ScAlN或YAlN,衬底采用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶。其制作步骤为:在衬底基片上,利用分子束外延方法生长厚度为1nm‑10nm的过渡层;用分子束外延方法,在过渡层上生长GaN外延层。本发明材料结晶质量高,表面形貌光滑,背景载流子浓度低,生长工艺简单,工艺重复性和一致性高,可用于制作高电子迁移率晶体管和高速微波整流二极管。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体材料生长领域,特别涉及一种氮极性面GaN半导体材料,可用于制作高电子迁移率晶体管和高速微波整流二极管。
背景技术
III族氮化物半导体材料在高频、大功率、高效率、耐高温、耐高压、抗辐照等领域应用中体现出独一无二的优势,适合制备固态微波功率器件和微波毫米波单片集成电路。经过近三十年的深入研究,GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管的性能和可靠性取得了提升,已经在5G通信基站和雷达探测中得到了应用。目前氮化物半导体材料和器件的研究和应用主要基于镓极性面氮化物材料,这是由于镓极性面材料外延生长技术成熟,易于实现高质量生长,并且建立了标准的镓极性面材料器件工艺流程。为进一步提高GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管的工作频率和输出功率,采用氮极性面氮化物材料是主要的技术途径之一。
氮极性面GaN异质结材料中,势垒层在沟道层下方天然形成背势垒,可以提高二维电子气限域性,且不受器件栅长和势垒层厚度等比例缩小规则限制。氮极性面GaN异质结材料中GaN沟道位于外延材料顶部,易实现低欧姆接触电阻。目前,氮极性面GaN材料常在SiC等其它衬底材料上采用金属有机物化学气相淀积技术异质外延获得。常规方法生长的氮极性面GaN材料结构,如图1所示。其自下而上包括衬底、AlN成核层、GaN缓冲层和氮极性面GaN材料。该材料存在以下缺点:
一是异质外延氮极性面GaN材料中存在高密度位错缺陷,会引起器件可靠性退化,材料表面形貌粗糙,坑状缺陷多;
二是异质外延氮极性面GaN材料易发生极性翻转,极性控制难度大;
三是异质外延的氮极性面GaN材料背景载流子浓度高,会形成体漏电通道,降低器件击穿电压;
四是金属有机物化学气相淀积技术异质外延氮极性面GaN材料,需要采用斜切面衬底,增加材料外延成本;
五是金属有机物化学气相淀积技术异质外延氮极性面GaN材料,需要富氮生长条件,该条件阻碍了金属原子在薄膜生长表面的迁移能力和扩散长度。
六是金属有机物化学气相淀积技术异质外延氮极性面GaN材料,需要采用Fe掺杂补偿其中的背景载流子,增加了生长工艺控制难度和寄生污染。
七是异质外延氮极性面GaN材料时,AlN成核层和GaN缓冲层生长时需要改变生长温度并切换气流,生长过程需要短暂停顿和间隔,这会增加氮极性面GaN材料中背景掺杂杂质浓度。
发明内容
本发明目的在于针对上述已有技术的缺点,提出一种氮极性面GaN材料及同质外延生长方法,以提高氮极性面GaN材料晶体质量和表面形貌,降低背景载流子浓度和生长工艺控制难度。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
1、一种氮极性面GaN材料,包括衬底和GaN外延层,其特征在于:衬底与GaN外延层之间设有过渡层,该过渡层采用InAlN,或ScAlN,或YAlN,其厚度为1nm~10nm;
所述衬底采用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶。
2、一种氮极性面GaN材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)在衬底基片上利用分子束外延法,在温度为670℃~720℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,金属束流平衡蒸汽压为1.0×10-8Torr~2.6×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件下生长1nm~10nm的过渡层;
2)用分子束外延法,设置温度为670℃~720℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,镓束流平衡蒸气压为6.0×10-7Torr~8.0×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件,在过渡层上生长GaN外延层,完成材料制备。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
1.本发明由于采用InAlN,或ScAlN,或YAlN过渡层,可实现氮极性面氮化镓衬底、过渡层与氮极性面GaN外延层这三者的面内晶格匹配,降低位错密度和表面坑状缺陷密度。
2.本发明由于采用InAlN,或ScAlN,或YAlN过渡层,可有效吸附和俘获同质外延界面处非故意掺杂杂质,阻止氮极性面氮化镓衬底表面的杂质向氮极性面GaN材料中扩散,降低氮极性面GaN材料背景载流子浓度。并且氮极性面GaN材料生长过程不需要采用Fe掺杂补偿背景载流子,生长工艺简单、控制难度低、工艺重复性和一致性高。
3.本发明采用分子束外延技术生长氮极性面GaN外延层,在富镓条件下易于增强金属原子在薄膜生长表面的迁移能力和扩散长度,提高氮极性面GaN材料表面形貌。
4.本发明中的衬底由于采用常规非斜切面衬底,降低了材料外延成本。
5.本发明由于采用同质外延生长氮极性面GaN材料,避免了异质外延中晶格失配产生的位错缺陷。
6.本发明中由于过渡层和GaN外延层生长温度一致,避免了生长过程中短暂停顿和间隔,从而减小了非故意掺杂杂质的吸附。
附图说明
图1是传统生长氮极性面GaN材料的结构示意图;
图2是本发明的氮极性面GaN材料的结构示意图;
图3是本发明制作氮极性面GaN材料的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行进一步详细描述。
参照图2,本发明的氮极性面GaN材料,自下而上,包括衬底1、过渡层2、GaN外延层3。其中过渡层采用InAlN,或ScAlN,或YAlN,厚度为1nm~10nm。衬底采用氮极性面氮化镓单晶;氮极性面GaN外延层的厚度根据实际需求确定。
参照图3,本发明制作氮极性面GaN材料给出如下三种实施例。
实施例1,制作衬底为非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶,过渡层为厚度为10nm的In0.17Al0.83N,外延层为GaN的氮极性面GaN材料。
步骤一,选用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶作为衬底,如图3(a)。
步骤二,外延In0.17Al0.83N过渡层,如图3(b)。
使用分子束外延技术在氮极性面氮化镓单晶衬底上外延厚度为10nm的In0.17Al0.83N过渡层。
外延In0.17Al0.83N过渡层采用的工艺条件为:温度为670℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,铟束流平衡蒸气压为1.5×10-7Torr,铝束流平衡蒸气压为2.3×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W。
步骤三,外延氮极性面GaN外延层,如图3(c)。
使用分子束外延技术在In0.17Al0.83N过渡层上淀积GaN外延层。
外延氮极性面GaN外延层采用的工艺条件为:温度为670℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,镓束流平衡蒸气压为6.0×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W,完成氮极性面GaN材料的制作。
实施例2,制作衬底为非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶,过渡层为厚度为5nm的Sc0.18Al0.82N,外延层为GaN的氮极性面GaN材料。
步骤1,选用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶作为衬底,如图3(a)。
步骤2,使用分子束外延技术淀积Sc0.18Al0.82N过渡层,如图3(b)。
设定温度为690℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,钪束流平衡蒸气压为1.3×10-8Torr,铝束流平衡蒸气压为2.0×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件,使用分子束外延技术,在氮极性面氮化镓单晶衬底上淀积厚度为5nm的Sc0.18Al0.82N过渡层。
步骤3,使用分子束外延技术淀积GaN外延层,如图3(c)。
设置温度为690℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,镓束流平衡蒸气压为7.0×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件,使用分子束外延技术,在Sc0.18Al0.82N过渡层上淀积氮极性面GaN外延层,完成氮极性面GaN材料的制作。
实施例3,制作衬底为非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶,过渡层为厚度为1nm的Y0.11Al0.89N,外延层为GaN的氮极性面GaN材料。
步骤A,选用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶作为衬底,如图3(a)。
步骤B,生长Y0.11Al0.89N过渡层,如图3(b)。
使用分子束外延技术,在温度为720℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,钇束流平衡蒸气压为1.0×10-8Torr,铝束流平衡蒸气压为2.6×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件下,在非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶衬底上生长厚度为1nm的Y0.11Al0.89N过渡层。
步骤C,生长氮极性面GaN外延层,如图3(c)。
使用分子束外延技术,在温度为720℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,镓束流平衡蒸气压为8.0×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件下,在Y0.11Al0.89N过渡层上生长氮极性面GaN外延层,完成氮极性面GaN材料的制作。
上述三个实例中的GaN外延层厚度根据实际需求确定。
以上描述仅是本发明的三个具体事例,并未构成对本发明的任何限制,显然对于本领域的专业人员来说,在了解了本发明的内容和原理后,都可能在不背离本发明原理、结构的情况下,进行形式和细节的各种修改和改变,但是这些基于本发明思想的修正和改变仍在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种氮极性面GaN材料,包括衬底(1)和GaN外延层(3),其特征在于:
所述GaN外延层(3)与衬底(1)之间设有过渡层(2),该过渡层采用InAlN,或ScAlN,或YAlN,其厚度为1nm~10nm;
所述衬底(1)采用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶。
2.如权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于:所述GaN外延层的厚度,根据使用要求确定。
3.一种氮极性面GaN材料的同质外延生长方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)选用非斜切面的氮极性面氮化镓单晶作为衬底;
2)在衬底基片上利用分子束外延法,在温度为670℃~720℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,金属束流平衡蒸汽压为1.0×10-8Torr~2.6×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件下生长1nm~10nm的过渡层;
3)用分子束外延法,设置温度为670℃~720℃,氮气流量为2.3sccm,镓束流平衡蒸气压为6.0×10-7Torr~8.0×10-7Torr,氮气射频源功率为375W的工艺条件,在过渡层上生长GaN外延层,完成材料制备。
4.如权利要求3所述方法,其特征在于:所述金属束流平衡蒸气压,包括铟束流平衡蒸气压、钪束流平衡蒸气压、钇束流平衡蒸气压和铝束流平衡蒸气压。
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