CN112715185B - A kind of grafting method of buckwheat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a buckwheat grafting method, which comprises the following steps: 1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking buckwheat seeds in a bactericide, cleaning the buckwheat seeds with clear water, and soaking the buckwheat seeds in clear water to obtain buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment; 2) Sowing and seedling raising: the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment are sown, covered with soil and watered; carrying out first thinning when the seedling grows to the cotyledon stage; 3) Grafting: taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as stocks and scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method; grafting by cleft grafting comprises the following steps: a rootstock treatment process and a scion treatment process; the rootstock treatment process comprises the following steps: 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf of the rootstock are reserved; the scion treatment process comprises the following steps: 1, preserving true leaves of the scion; 4) Managing after grafting; the grafting method improves survival rate.

Description

A kind of grafting method of buckwheat

technical field

The invention relates to the field of cultivation technology, in particular to a buckwheat grafting method.

Background technique

Buckwheat (scientific name: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), aliases: sweet buckwheat, rye, triangular wheat, etc., is an annual herb that belongs to the Liao family like Polygonum multiflorum and Rhubarb. It is a characteristic grain with the same origin of medicine and food, and has excellent nutrition Health value and extraordinary therapeutic effect, functional food with good development prospects. Buckwheat has a long history of cultivation and is distributed in most parts of China, as well as in Asian and European countries. Sweet buckwheat and tartary buckwheat are the two main buckwheat cultivars. With the gradual deepening of the research on buckwheat nutrition and medicinal ingredients, people are more and more fond of buckwheat food, and the supply of buckwheat food is in short supply in foreign exchange earning. However, for a long time, buckwheat has low seed setting rate, high abortion rate, and low and unstable yield. It is urgent to conduct in-depth research on the physiological mechanism of buckwheat, accelerate germplasm breeding, and cultivate fine varieties. At the same time, in buckwheat production, continuous cropping obstacles are serious, which greatly affect the growth and yield formation of buckwheat. Grafting is an important technical measure to study and overcome the above problems, and it is worthy of promotion and application. There are many researches on grafting technology in horticulture and other related crops, but buckwheat is still blank, and buckwheat Polygonaceae, rich in secondary metabolites greatly affect the grafting process, and have a great influence on the grafting pre-treatment, grafting and wound healing process. It has high requirements on grafting technology, environmental conditions and management measures, and it is difficult to grow seedlings.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present application provides that, aiming at the above problems, the present invention creates a new buckwheat system grafting method, which ensures the grafting survival rate of buckwheat, promotes the growth of buckwheat seedlings and yield formation, and improves the survival rate.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the application is a buckwheat grafting method, comprising:

1) Seed soaking to accelerate germination:

The buckwheat seeds are soaked with a fungicide, washed with clear water, and then soaked in clear water to obtain the buckwheat seeds treated by soaking and accelerating germination;

2) Sowing seedlings:

The buckwheat seeds treated by soaking and accelerating germination are sown, covered with soil, and watered; when the seedlings grow to the cotyledon stage, carry out the first thinning;

3) Grafting:

Take buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as rootstock and scion, and adopt split grafting method to carry out grafting;

Carrying out grafting by split grafting comprises: rootstock treatment process and scion treatment process;

The rootstock treatment process includes: retaining 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf on the rootstock;

The scion treatment process comprises: retaining 1 true leaf of the scion;

4) Management after grafting.

Preferably, the clean water cleaning operation is to wash with deionized water 2-3 times.

Preferably, the fungicide is thiophanate-methyl.

Preferably, the buckwheat seeds are plump, free of impurities, and free of diseases and insect pests.

Preferably, the soaking time of the fungicide seeds is 1 hour.

Preferably, the fungicide is 1 wt% thiophanate-methyl.

Preferably, the seed soaking time in clear water is 6 hours.

Preferably, the buckwheat seeds treated with germination are sown by hole sowing or row sowing.

Preferably, the seeds are sown in seedbeds or pots.

Preferably, the soil covering process is 0.8-1.2 cm of soil covering.

Preferably, the watering process is permeable watering, and the field water holding capacity of the soil reaches 70%-80%.

Preferably, the standard for watering through is water leakage at the bottom of the seedling bed or seedling pot, and the field water holding capacity of the soil reaches 70%-80%.

Preferably, the step 2) further includes: applying antibacterial drugs once when the seedlings are thinned for the first time.

Preferably, the method of applying antibacterial drugs is spraying.

Preferably, the antibacterial drug is fludioxan propamocarb.

For thinning treatment, there are no other requirements except spraying anti-bacteria drugs once when the seedlings are thinned for the first time. The total number of thinnings is 1-2 times to ensure the planting density, remove weak seedlings and keep strong seedlings.

Preferably, the buckwheat seedlings are robust and free from pests and diseases.

Preferably, the step 2) further includes: ensuring that the daytime temperature is 20-35°C and the nighttime temperature is 15-25°C.

The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the rootstock treatment specifically comprises: retaining 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf on the rootstock, horizontally cutting at 2-3 cm above the axil of the true leaf, and vertically cutting 1.5-2 cm at the pith .

Preferably, the scion treatment specifically includes: retaining 1 true leaf of the scion, cutting horizontally at 2 to 2.5 cm below the axil of the true leaf, and obliquely cutting on both sides at 0.5 to 1 cm below the axil of the true leaf, so that the The cut surface of the scion is double wedge-shaped.

Preferably, said step 3) specifically includes: grafting:

Take buckwheat seedlings up to 3 leaves and 1 heart as rootstock and scion

Retaining 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf on the rootstock, cutting horizontally at 2-3 cm above the axil of the true leaf and cutting vertically at 1.5-2 cm at the pith to obtain the treated root stock;

1 true leaf is reserved for the scion, horizontally cut at 2 to 2.5 cm below the axil of the true leaf, and obliquely cut on both sides at 0.5 to 1 cm below the axil of the true leaf, so that the cut surface of the scion is double wedge-shaped, and the treated scion is obtained. Scion;

inserting the treated scion into the treated rootstock incision;

Use grafting film to wrap and fix.

Preferably, the vertical cutting position of the pith is in the middle of the rootstock stem.

Preferably, the cut of the rootstock and the scion is flat.

Preferably, the post-grafting management process includes: ensuring an ambient humidity of 85%-95%; and an ambient temperature of 20-30°C.

Preferably, the post-grafting management process includes: avoiding light for 3-6 days.

Preferably, the post-grafting management process includes: building an arched film on the seedling bed and covering it with a sunshade net, or placing the seedling pot in an artificial climate chamber.

The application is compared with the prior art, and its detailed description is as follows:

At present, the research on grafting technology at home and abroad is less than a hundred years old. Grafting technology is not only an important agronomic technology in the world, based on the unique advantages of grafting technology, but also with the development of modern science and technology, it has been widely used in botany, In the research of plant physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as genetics, molecular biology, developmental biology, and breeding in the fields of agronomy and forestry, this technology not only helps to excavate and expand related research on plants, but also guides the improvement and production of plants. But after searching, there is no report about the method of buckwheat grafting. The invention provides a buckwheat grafting method for the first time, and the survival rate is as high as 94.20%.

The invention pre-sterilizes the buckwheat seeds with a bactericide to prevent bacteria from infecting the buckwheat seeds, and then washes the buckwheat seeds with deionized water for 2-3 times, soaks the seeds in clear water to accelerate germination, has low cost, and is simple in method and easy in operation.

In the process of sowing and raising seedlings of the present invention, when the seedlings grow to the cotyledon stage, the seedlings are thinned for the first time, so as to provide a good growth environment for the buckwheat seedlings and reduce the infection by diseases, insect pests and bacteria. Applying anti-bacterial drugs once when thinning the seedlings for the first time further provides a good growth environment for the buckwheat seedlings and reduces the infection by diseases, insect pests and bacteria.

In the grafting process of the present invention, buckwheat seedlings grown to 3 leaves and 1 heart (three-leaf stage) are taken as stock and scion, and grafting is carried out by split grafting, which is easier to operate than buckwheat seedlings with hollow pith after cotyledon stage and three-leaf stage. Easy to master and increased efficiency. In the grafting process of the present invention, the rootstock retains 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf, and the scion retains 1 true leaf, which can greatly ensure that the pith of the rootstock and the scion is all before the critical vacuum, and the growth time of the rootstock is long enough to ensure more The ability to provide nutrients is high, and at the same time, one true leaf of the scion is in a vigorous growth stage. The combination of the two ensures a good combination effect between the rootstock and the scion, and effectively improves the survival rate.

In the post-grafting management process of the present invention, light is protected from light and air is ventilated, air humidity and temperature are maintained, the influence of environment on grafted seedlings is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.

The invention explores and establishes a buckwheat grafting system, which is helpful for excavating and expanding related research on plant physiological and biochemical mechanisms, and guides the improvement and production of plants.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 1 grafting treatment process;

Fig. 2 is the buckwheat situation figure after the grafting of embodiment 1;

Fig. 3 enters the situation figure of beginning flowering period after the transplanting of grafted seedling of embodiment 1;

Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 grafted seedling transplanting growth situation figure I;

Fig. 5 is embodiment 1 grafted seedling transplanting growth situation Fig. II.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

A buckwheat grafting method is characterized in that, comprising:

1) Seed soaking to accelerate germination:

Select buckwheat seeds that are full, free of impurities, and free of diseases and insect pests, place them in 0.1wt% thiophanate-methyl to soak for 1 hour, wash them with clear water (2-3 times with deionized water), and soak them for 6 hours in clear water to obtain the seeds treated by soaking and accelerating germination. buckwheat seeds;

2) Sowing seedlings:

The buckwheat seeds treated by soaking and accelerating germination are sown in holes and placed in the seedling bed. After sowing, cover the soil with about 1 cm, water thoroughly, and ensure that the daytime temperature is 20-35°C and the nighttime temperature is 15-25°C; when the seedlings grow to the cotyledon stage, the first Thinning the seedlings once, and spraying Bayer silver method fluorobacteria propamocarb once (687.5g/L fluorobacteria propamocarb suspension concentrate (silver method) 800-900mL/hm ² mixed with water 600-680kg/hm ² );

3) Grafting:

When taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as rootstock and scion,

Rootstock treatment: retain 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf on the rootstock, cut horizontally at 2-3 cm above the axils of the true leaves, and cut 1.5-2 cm vertically at the pith center, which is at the stem of the rootstock Middle part, get the rootstock after processing;

Scion treatment: retain 1 true leaf of the scion, cut horizontally at 2-2.5 cm below the axil of the true leaf, and cut obliquely on both sides at 0.5-1 cm below the axil of the true leaf, so that the cut surface of the scion is double-wedge-shaped to obtain Treated scion;

inserting the treated scion into the treated rootstock incision;

Use grafting film to wrap and fix to obtain grafted seedlings;

4) Management after grafting:

Build an arched film on the seedling bed and cover the sunshade net, and manage it from four aspects: light, temperature, humidity and density;

① Illumination management: After grafting, use a sunshade net to avoid light for 3 to 6 days, and then light-transmit the seedlings after the light-proof treatment;

②Temperature management: After grafting, ensure that the ambient temperature is 20-30°C;

③ Humidity management: After grafting, the ambient humidity is guaranteed to be 85% to 95%;

④Density management: When planting, the row spacing is controlled at 25-35cm, the hole spacing is controlled at 30-35cm, and planting is done in rows to ensure ventilation in the later stage. After the slow seedling stage, the grafted seedlings are ventilated and hardened to enter the normal management of the seedling stage.

in,

In the step 2), the standard for watering is water leakage at the bottom of the seedbed, and the field water holding capacity of the soil reaches 70%-80%;

Described step 3) grafting process adopts splitting method to carry out grafting, and the tool used before crosscutting, vertical cutting and oblique cutting is sterilized;

In the step 3), the rootstock treatment process does not affect the survival rate when it is horizontally cut less than 1.5cm above the axils of the true leaves, but the joint between the rootstock and the ear is easy to produce aerial roots, and it is more than 3cm above the axils of the true leaves. When cross-cutting, the joint between the stock and the ear is easy to dehydrate, which affects the survival rate; if the vertical incision in the pith is too short, the joint surface of the root and ear will become smaller and unfavorable for healing; if the incision is too long, it will easily lead to dehydration;

Described step 3) in, in described rootstock processing and scion processing, scion incision length can not exceed stock vertical cut length, avoids scion dehydration, guarantees that stock and scion incision are smooth;

In the process of using the grafting film to wrap and fix, the grafting film is tight and does not loosen and does not fall, so as to ensure that the cuts of the rootstock and the scion are healed, and prevent the water loss of the rootstock and the cut of the scion;

In described step 4), the normal management at the seedling stage includes: watering according to the soil moisture content, ensuring that the field water holding capacity of the soil reaches 70wt%-80wt%, removing sprouts (check whether the grafted spikes germinate, and the dead ones will be replenished in time; If any sprouting strips are found, they should be removed in time, which is beneficial to the shoots and growth of the scion), and prevent pests and diseases (pull out the diseased plants, spray insect repellent liquid for prevention and control).

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the grafting process of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the buckwheat situation figure after grafting;

The grafted seedlings transplanted after management after transplanting, Fig. 3 enters the situation figure of initial florescence after transplanting of grafted seedlings; Fig. 4 is grafted seedlings transplanting growth situation figure I (seed forming period); Fig. 5 is grafted seedlings transplanted Planting growth situation figure II (grain filling).

Effect example:

The difference between comparative example and embodiment 1 is only: rootstock treatment and scion treatment process leave leaf situation difference.

The survival rate of grafted seedlings within 14 days after grafting was counted. There were 50 grafted plants in each treatment mode, repeated 3 times, and a total of 150 plants.

The results are shown in Table 1 Survival rate after grafting

Table 1

S: Scion

R: Rootstock

0: leave no leaves

1: Leave 1 true leaf

2: Leave 1 pair of cotyledons

3: Leave 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf

It can be seen from Table 1 that the grafting survival rate of the method provided by the present invention is ≥98.0%, and the 14-day survival rate of the conventional grafting method can reach 94.20%.

Example 2

The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is only:

In the step 2), the standard of watering is water leakage at the bottom of the seedling pot;

In said step 2), in the process of sowing seedlings, the buckwheat seeds treated by soaking and accelerating germination are sown in drills and sown in seedling pots; in said step 4) during post-grafting management, the seedling pots are placed in an artificial climate chamber, Manage from four aspects: light, temperature, humidity and density;

①Light management: After grafting, use light-proof treatment for 3 to 6 days, and light-transmitting seedlings after light-proof treatment.

The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred implementations should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope defined in the claims. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A buckwheat grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating:

soaking buckwheat seeds in a bactericide, cleaning the buckwheat seeds with clear water, and soaking the buckwheat seeds in clear water to obtain buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment;

2) Sowing and seedling raising:

sowing the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment, covering soil, and watering; carrying out first thinning when the seedling grows to the cotyledon stage;

3) Grafting:

taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as stocks and scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method;

grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method comprises the following steps: a rootstock treatment process and a scion treatment process;

the rootstock treatment process comprises the following steps: reserving 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf of the stock, horizontally transversely cutting the stock at a position 2-3 cm above an axilla of the true leaf and vertically cutting the stock in a manner of 1.5-2 cm in the medulla heart to obtain the treated stock;

the scion treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping 1 true leaf of the scion, horizontally crosscutting the scion at a position 2-2.5 cm below the axilla of the true leaf, and beveling two sides of the scion at a position 0.5-1 cm below the axilla of the true leaf to enable the scion section to be in a double wedge shape, so as to obtain the processed scion;

inserting the treated scion into the treated stock cut, and winding and fixing the scion by using a grafting film;

4) And (5) managing after grafting.

2. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is thiophanate methyl.

3. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises: the first time of thinning is to apply the anti-bacteria drug.

4. The grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the anti-pathogenic agent is propamocarb.

5. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises: the daytime temperature is 20-35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 15-25 ℃.

6. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the post-grafting management procedure comprises: ensuring the environmental humidity to be 85% -95%; the environmental temperature is 20-30 ℃.

7. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the post-grafting management procedure comprises: and (4) processing for 3-6 days in a dark place.

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